空氣質素指標關注小組 Air Quality Objectives Concern Group (AQOCG) 22 November 2006 2006年11月22日
公衆健康危機
Public Health Crisis
關注組同意： AQOCG agrees...
• 香港空氣質素惡劣 •
，對公衆健康構成威脅
HK air quality is poor and is a threat to health
• 我們應該把空氣質素指標定於一個可以保障公衆健 康的水平
• Air Quality Objectives (AQOs) should be set at levels that protect public health
關注組同意： AQOCG agrees that...
• 目前的指標不足以保障公衆健康，亦容易誤導市民 •
Current guidelines are inadequate and misleading
• 世界衛生組織的空氣質素新指引 ，是目前資料最完 善、最具參考價值的空氣質素標準藍本 ，特區政府應 該立刻採用
•
World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines are based on the best scientific information available today and should be adopted in Hong Kong
空氣質素指標
Air Quality Objectives
AQOs
• 甚麽是香港空氣質素指標？ • What are HK’s AQOs? • 政府如何釐定現時的指標？ • Where did the values of our current AQOs come from?
• 現時的空氣質素指標有何不足之處？ •
What are the deficiencies in the current AQOs in Hong Kong?
世界衛生組織空氣質素指引 及香港空氣質素指標
WHO Guidelines and Hong Kong’s AQOs
世界衛生組織空氣質素指引 WHO Air Quality Guidelines Released October 5th 2006
Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Hong Kong University
香港污染的健康影響：疾病與死亡
Health Impacts of Hong Kong’s Pollution: Illness & Deaths % of days at these levels
Pollution (microgram per cubic meter)
100
Poor
Hong Kong 2004
43%
80 60 40 20
2%
Doctor Visits Hospital Admissions Deaths Dollar Values $
Average 44%
Good/WHO Guidelines 2006
8%
2%
0
Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Hong Kong University
香港污染的健康影響：疾病與死亡
Health Impacts of Hong Kong’s Pollution: Illness & Deaths Doctor Visits Difference in Air Quality
Hospital Admissions
Deaths
Daily
Annual
2 YEARS
Daily
Annual
2 YEARS
Daily
Hong Kong Average 2005 & WHO Guidelines
18,663
6,811,965
13,623,930
176
64,207
128,414
4
1,583
3,166
General Stations 1920 Nov 2006
16,792
6,129,200
12,258,400
175
63,855
127,710
6
2,120
4,240
Roadside 19-20 Nov 2006
27,545
10,054,051
20,108,102
245
89,515
179,030
8
2,794
5,588
Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Hong Kong University
Annual 2 YEARS
空氣污染的社會成本
$ Community Costs of Air Pollution (millions of HK$) Direct Costs (near term) Day HK difference from WHO
Annual
Productivity Loss
Day
Annual
Intangible Cost
Day
Annual
4
1,504
1
504
53
19,172
November 2006
19/20
General
4
1,376
2
619
65
23,876
19/20
Roadside
6
2,200
2
852
88
32,061
PM10
0.4
136
0.1
27
3
1,072
SO2
0.4
135
1
213
24
8,687
API 25
Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Hong Kong University
香港需要新的空氣污染指數
Hong Kong needs new Air Pollution Index A low API of “25” is very unusual in Hong Kong – but is it a good indicator of health protection? Difference in pollutants from WHO API 25
PM10
28 µg/m3
(32% higher)
SO2
40 µg/m3
(100% higher)
Annual avoidable health impact of API 25 Excess Doctor Visits
Excess Hospital Admissions
Additional Deaths
PM10
659,015
3,690
61
SO2
341,563
19,274
867
Total
959,590
20,651
824
香港空氣質素指標 及環境影響評估
AQOs and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
香港空氣質素指標及環境影響評估
AQO and EIA
• 空氣質素指標與環境影響評估掛鈎 •
AQOs anchor the EIA
• 可以用世衛的中期目標，作爲審批環境影響評估的標準， 但我們必須有時間表，確保中期目標最終達到世衛標準
•
EIA approval can use WHO Interim Targets for project approval provided there is clear time-table to converge with WHO AQGs
• 世衛標準必定是最終的標準 • Ultimate benchmark should be the WHO AQGs
我們等甚麽？ Why wait?
無需等到2009
No need to wait until 2009 • 世衛標準已在 • WHO AQG available • 公衆及政策制訂者需要更多資料，明白嚴重污染問題的真正 成本
• Public and Policy Makers can be better informed about true ‘costs’ of living with serious air pollution
• 立刻以世衛標準計算空氣污染指數
• Change API to use WHO AQG now!
無需等到2009
No need to wait until 2009 • 以世衛中期標準，審批環境影響評估報告 • Change EIA to use WHO Interim Targets as soon as possible • 香港應該儘快對付空氣污染 • HK should act sooner to fight pollution
政府檢討的重點應該是： Review Focus • 分析不採取行懂得成本代價 • Cost analysis for not acting • 定出長遠的空氣質素管理策略
•包括時間表 •行動計劃必須與公衆健康目標掛鈎 •
Map a long-term air quality management strategy - clear timetable - action plan associated with health-based milestones.
✦
我們已充分瞭解香港的空氣污染問題，以及污染物對人體健康的 影響
✦
We already understand the problem and the health impacts.
✦
我們可以專注推行一攬子的措施，改善香港的空氣質素
✦
We can focus on a package of solutions.
✦
香港絶對可以負擔推行措施的成本
✦
Hong Kong can afford these solutions.
電廠發電 及電力需求管理
交通及都市規劃
Power Generation and Demand Management
Transport and Urban Planning
我們需要全盤的計劃 We need a comprehensive plan
航運及港口營運 Shipping and Port Operations
製造業 及潔淨燃料 Manufacturing and Cleaner Fuels
我們仍需努力 More must be done • 政府計劃欠全面，未能正視空氣污染的健康影響 Government’s proposals are not comprehensive enough to address the health risk of air pollution • Start with truly informative indicators of the health risk of air pollution