Cortland J. Knopp [PORTFOLIO] Visualize.Sketch.Discover | Architecture + Design
Cortland J. Knopp A| Westfield, NY 14787 P| 716–581–2942 E| cjk.architecture@gmail.com
Education M.Arch. | Master of Architecture University at Buffalo. Buffalo, NY 2014 - 2016 ▪▪ Material Culture | This group pursues its design inquiry through full-scale fabrication, assembly and installation; critical exploration of design and production; and study of the potential of materials. In these investigations, the conceptual premises of architecture are consistently tested through making. ▪▪ Situated Technologies | The areas of focus include learning environments, design environments, responsive architecture and pervasive media. Computational technology provides both a means and a medium for this research: an operative paradigm for articulating relations between people, information, and the material fabric of everyday life. ▪▪ USA Grand Tour & Studio, Summer 2015 | This domestic study abroad experience takes students 35 days through 36 cities in 19 different states. A vigorous schedule of learning architectural history throughout the northeastern United States and sketching the world around us provided a great deal of insight about the world of architecture around us.
B.S. | Bachelor of Science Alfred State College. Alfred, NY 2010 - 2014 ▪▪ Architectural Technology ▪▪ Study Abroad. Sorrento, Italy, ▪▪ Spring 2013
Professional Experience Design Consultant Embrace Design Group Inc. Warwick, NY 2016 ▪▪ Analyzed site plans, floor plans, and elevation drawings to construct 3D models in Revit. Worked with clients to get the desired views and appropriate context. The views were post processed with Photoshop and submitted for use by the client.
Freelance The Visionary Group. New York, NY 2014 ▪▪ Consulted to build an interior model for The Visionary Group, a boutique experiential marketing agency specializing in brand activation and event production. Created an invoice to bill the company.
Student Assistant Materials and Methods Shop. University at Buffalo. Buffalo, NY 2014 - 2015 ▪▪ Student Assisting underclassmen in determining how to build their models and full scale projects. Also responsible for maintaining machines and ensuring their appropriate use.
Skill Sets Construction Laborer Barber Construction. Westfield, NY 2015 ▪▪ Was responsible for replacing concrete footers for a renovation project during the winter session. Prepared the shoring to temporarily raise the house and replace the unstable foundation.
Foreman Westfield Nursery and Landscaping, Westfield, NY 2011 - 2014 ▪▪ Led a spring clean-up crew by handling daily paperwork, organizing of tools, inspecting job site and vehicles. Entrusted with designing plant configurations and installations.
Analog | Advanced ▪▪ Schematic Design ▪▪ Architectural Sketching ▪▪ Three Dimensional Thinking ▪▪ Hand Drawing ▪▪ Model Craft ▪▪ Leadership ▪▪ Collaboration ▪▪ Presentation Conduction ▪▪ Written Documentation ▪▪ Photo Documentation ▪▪ Wood Working
Digital | Advanced ▪▪ Autodesk Revit ▪▪ Adobe Photoshop ▪▪ Image Processing ▪▪ Adobe Illustrator ▪▪ Adobe Indesign ▪▪ Graphic Communication ▪▪ Video Production ▪▪ Video Editing
Analog | Intermediate ▪▪ Design Development ▪▪ Construction Documents ▪▪ Public Speaking
Digital | Intermediate ▪▪ Autodesk AutoCAD ▪▪ Adobe After Effects ▪▪ Adobe Premier Pro ▪▪ Rhinoceros ▪▪ Grasshopper ▪▪ Parametric Design ▪▪ Digital Fabrication ▪▪ SketchUp ▪▪ Makerbot Makerware, 3D Printing
Recognitions Solar Decathlon International Design Competition Second Place, 2015 ▪▪ Video Producer, Assembly Crew, University at Buffalo. Buffalo, NY
Public Exhibit, 2_Tier City USA Grand Tour & Studio Good Grids, 2015 ▪▪ Design Studio, University at Buffalo. Buffalo, NY
Local Contest Artwalk Tile Design Competition Honorable Mention, 2014 ▪▪ Sustainability, Alfred State College. Alfred, NY
Sketch Competition Study Abroad Second Place, 2013 ▪▪ Design Studio, Sant’Anna Institute. Sorrento, Italy
Public Exhibit, Piazza Delle Mare REImagine Sorrento Project, 2013 ▪▪ Design Studio, Sant’Anna Institute. Sorrento, Italy
Volunteer Activities Little Angles of Honduras 2013 - Present ▪▪ A not-for-profit in Honduras and the United States. It is the mission of the Little Angels of Honduras (LAH) to reduce infant mortality in Honduras by assisting with the provision of optimal conditions for pregnancy, birth and newborn care. Being involved with this organization from its beginning has changed my life and inspired my work as an architecture student.
Missionary Spring 2015 ▪▪ The team focused on enhancing the design of a small pregnancy clinic in a rural village of Honduras. While one group was renovating the interior, another group replaced the steel roof and designed a method of redirecting water run-off with an improved system. It was humbling to see the local methods of construction and collaborate with local construction workers on the project.
Missionary Summer 2014 ▪▪ Our team was involved with the Casitas Kennedy Orphanage in the capital city, Tegucigulpa. Activities were planned for the children that go unappreciated in the United States which was life-changing for the team but more importantly impacted the children. Civic engagement is a large part of understanding the society of Honduras.
References Missionary Spring 2014 ▪▪ This trip involved serving the people of Honduras at Hospital Escuela, also in the capital city, Tegucigalpa. The team performed many small scale construction projects such as painting locker rooms as well as the main corridor of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Wooden benches were built on-site so people would no longer have to sit on the floor.
Thesis Design Fall 2013 - Spring 2014 ▪▪ As an undergraduate architecture student, a thesis project was required to receive the degree but a more meaningful outcome was desired as this time was dedicated to designing a new Maternal–Infant Care Hospital for the country of Honduras. Christian Perry, is the co-founder of Little Angels of Honduras as well as the other half of the student design team associated with the project. The design committee consisted of professional volunteers from the U.S. and Honduras, they contributed to the design and guided the process.
Heinrich Hermann Adjunct Professor of Interior Architecture at Rhode Island School of Design ▪▪ P| 607–306–8064 ▪▪ E| hermanndesign@verizon.net
Nicholas Rajkovich Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, University at Buffalo ▪▪ P| 716–829–6910 ▪▪ E| rajkovic@buffalo.edu
Christopher Romano, RA, NCARB, LEED AP Research Assistant Professor, University at Buffalo ▪▪ P| 716–228–1339 ▪▪ E| ctromano@buffalo.edu
Contents 2016 [ A N A LY T I CA L ] Honduras Maternal - Infant Care Hospital . . . . . . . . . . 6
This thesis project is geared toward reducing the infant mortality rate in Honduras. It represents the collaboration between students and professionals in the medical and architectural fields from the United States and Honduras.
Urban Dissection of the Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 30
People are moving from the periphery settlements of the Netherlands to more metropolitan areas. How can the historical canal house district of Amsterdam facilitate massive urbanization?
[ EMPIRICAL ] Iterative Making & Concrete Unit Masonry . . . . . . . . . . 20
A collaborative effort worked throughout the semester to conduct research based on the process of designing and making concrete masonry systems, ultimately designing and building a testable 1:1 prototype.
Diametrical Organization . . . . . . . . .36
This system represents the derivation of geometry from the analysis of auxetic materials, designed to be installed in an architectural setting to diffuse light and sound.
[ COMPREHENSIVE ] 2_Tier City . . . . . . . . . 44
Separating pedestrian and vehicular space sectionally opens up a continuous means of travel for people and automobiles.
[ EXTRACURRICULAR ] Google Fiber Model . . . . . . . . 50 A commission to build a physical model for The Visionary Group, a boutique Experiential Marketing agency specializing in brand activation and event production.
Urban Sketching . . . . . . 52
Sketching is a mental exercise of design, tuning the same skills in the brain, Thinking, Drawing and Seeing, just in a different order, Seeing, Drawing, Thinking.
Contact Information . . . . . . 56
“I m a g i n a t i o n important than
is
more
knowledge.
For knowledge is limited to all we
NOW
know and understand, while
imagination world,
and
embraces
ALL
the
entire
THERE
EVER WILL BE and understand.�
~ Albert Einstein
to know
Honduras Maternal - Infant Care Hospital [ A N A LY T I CA L ] Alfred State College - Thesis Fall 2013 – Spring 2014 Professor: Heinrich Hermann Committee:
Mario Aguilar, AIA, ARQUITECTO Dr. Alejandro Young, Neonatologist Dr. Mardelle Shepley, Cornell Univeristy Dr. Robert White, MD, Perinatologist Terri Zborowsky PhD, Univ. of Minnesota Rex Simpson, Alfred State College
Students:
Christian Perry Cortland Knopp Mahatma Gandhi is often quoted as saying, “Be the change you wish to see in the world.” Our philosophy is simple; we designed to make a change - providing hope to mothers across an entire nation. Giving hope to the people of Honduras to believe in the dignity and worth of each life, refusing to let poverty dictate the survival of babies. This hospital ultimately creates an environment that not only heals and saves lives, but will have a life of its own - a living, breathing organism. This hospital seeks to create healing environments that foster the physical and psychological recovery of each patient. Light wells puncture through to connect the individual closely to nature and also offer a clear sense of orientation within the facility.
6
7
Plan Development - Level I
8
N
Main Entrance Atrium
Pocket Park
Preliminary Entrance
Entry Threshold
9
Site Plan - Building Approaches 0’
32’ 64’
128’
Education / Commercial
Main Vehicular
Main Pedestrian
Emergency
Employee
Standard Pinwheel
Inverse Pinwheel
Green Axes as the Inverse
10
N
Public to Private Domains
Private Semi-Private Semi-Public Public
Prevailing Winds
Building Sectors
A.
B.
C.
A. Maternity Ward B. 24/7 Stay C. Emergency NICU D. Commercial Space Educational Space
D. 11
Level I 0’
12
32’
64’
128’
N
Section I 0’
16’
32’
64’
A. Maternity Ward B. LDR Operating Room Light Well C. Central Courtyard D. Main Spine NICU E. Private Maternal Triage in NICU F. Emergency Entrance
D.
A.
F.
C.
B. E.
13
Level II 0’
14
32’
64’
128’
N
Section II 0’
64’
16’ 32’
A. 24/7 Stay Balcony B. Public Spine C. Central Courtyard D. Private Spine
C.
A.
B.
D.
15
24/7 Stay Education - Commercial Courtyard
16
17
18
19
A
1'-4 15/16"
B (x 9)
A BA A A1'-9 7/16" B B B BB (x 9)
(x 9)
(x 9)
BB BB B
(x(x9)9)
(x 9)
(x 9)
(x 9)
(x 9)
(x 9)
(x 9)
B BCBB
(x 9)
(x 9)
(x(x9)9)
(x 9)
C
(x 9)
Wet Stack Brick Generation Scale 3/4”=1’
B
Size: 8”x8”x16” Volume: 381.7 in2 Weight: 24.7 lbs. 100% of CMU
Moment of Inertia 7 1/4"
1'-2 7/16"
8 7/16"
(x 9)
Physics Behind Unit Orientation
Mashrabiya, Arabic Oriel Window Screen Cairo Pattern
(x 9)
C
1'-7 15/16"
One of the major purposes of the Mashrabiya is privacy, an essential aspect of Arabic culture. With the development from ancient to modern mashrabiyas, the role of the screen has changed from a layer to protect against outside views to an element that attracts the outside viewer. The oriental façade design, with its sophisticated play of light and shadow, spatial depth, and fine details, presents a clear statement for rooting the building in local history rather than using exchangeable glass façades.
(x 9)
Elevation
Elevation
2'-1 7/16"
A circular masonry dome can be built without supports, called centering, A circular masonry dome can be built without supports, called centering, because each course of bricks is a horizontal arch that resists compresbecause each course of bricks is a horizontal arch that resists compression. In Florence, the octagonal inner dome was thick enough for sion. an In Florence, the octagonal inner dome was thick enough for an imaginary circle to be embedded in it at each level, a feature that imaginary would circle to be embedded in it at each level, a feature that would hold the dome up eventually, but could not hold the bricks in placehold while the dome up eventually, but could not hold the bricks in place while the mortar was still wet. Brunelleschi used a herringbone brick pattern to the mortar was still wet. Brunelleschi used a herringbone brick pattern to transfer the weight of the freshly laid bricks to the nearest verticaltransfer ribs of the weight of the freshly laid bricks to the nearest vertical ribs of the non-circular dome. the non-circular dome.
Unit Scale Comparison
Florence Dome , Brunelleschi 1294 Florence Dome , Brunelleschi 1294 Bonding Pattern and, Structure Florence Dome Brunelleschi 1294 Bonding Pattern and Structure A circular masonry dome can be built without supports, called centering, Bonding Structure A circularbecause masonry dome can Pattern be without supports, called centering, each course ofbuilt bricks is and a horizontal arch that resists compres-
because sion. each In course of bricks is adome horizontal arch that resists compresthe octagonal innerbe dome was thick enough called for an centering, AFlorence, circular masonry can built without supports, sion. In Florence, the octagonal inner of dome enough for an imaginary circle to becourse embedded in was it at level, aarch feature would because each bricks is thick aeach horizontal thatthat resists compresimaginaryhold circle todome beInembedded in atbut each level, feature thatthick would the up eventually, could not ahold thewas bricks in enough place while sion. Florence, theit octagonal inner dome for an hold the dome up eventually, buttocould not holdused the in place while the mortar was still wet. Brunelleschi aatherringbone pattern imaginary circle be embedded in itbricks each level, brick a feature thattowould the mortar was hold still Brunelleschi usedlaid a herringbone pattern to inribs transfer thewet. weight of up theeventually, freshly bricks to not thebrick nearest of while the dome but could hold the vertical bricks place transfer the of the dome. freshly laid bricks to the nearest ribs of brick pattern to theweight non-circular the mortar was still wet. Brunelleschi used vertical a herringbone the non-circulartransfer dome. the weight of the freshly laid bricks to the nearest vertical ribs of the non-circular dome.
B3, Brick, Block, Beam
Plan
Center of Gravity
Size: 4” Faces Volume: 212.7 in2 13.8 Florence Dome , Brunelleschi Weight: 1294 Florence Domelbs. , Brunelleschi 1294 Bonding Pattern and Structure Pattern and Structure 55.9%Bonding of CMU
Brick Volume: 119.5 cubic inches Weight: 7.7 lbs. 31.2% of CMU 20
A
(x 9)
With unit masonry, both part and whole are always working towards adversity. Extreme gravitational and lateral forces cause failure when the joints of a structure fail. This is why testing the joints from the macro to the micro until failure occurs is an important method to understanding how to make them better. It is the unit, its relationship to the material and the sophistication of how they join together that makes the shift between small and large scale successful.
A AAA
B
Unit masonry has been heavily utilized throughout the history of the construction world in parallel with concrete, a material that has the capacity to be made into a range of architectural scales despite its low cost – high labor production. It is the repetitious attitude of concrete masonry systems that allows it to act as structure and enclosure transcending through multiple scales and time periods.
Wet Stack Brick Generation Scale 3/4”=1’
Unit Derivation from the Cairo Pentagon in Mashrabiya
Burnette Residence, Wendle Burnette
Taras Kes Andrew Kim Cortland Knopp Kenzie Macnamra Timothy Ruhl
Wet Stack Generation Scale 3/4”=1’ Wet Stack Brick Generation ScaleBrick 3/4”=1’
(x
Concrete, Stack Bond
The house, orchestrated within light weight concrete block monoliths, acts like a man-made canyon one can drive or walk up into.
[ EMPIRICAL ] University at Buffalo Material Culture - Thesis Book Fall 2015 – Winter 2016 Professor: Christopher Romano Students:
Wet Stack Brick Generation Scale 3/4”=1’
Wet Stack Brick Generation Scale 3/4”=1’
8"
A
9 15/16"
1'-3 15/16"
A
Florence Dome , Brunelleschi 1294 Bonding Pattern and Structure
A circular masonry dome can be built without supports, called centering, because each course of bricks is a horizontal arch that resists compression. In Florence, the octagonal inner dome was thick enough for an imaginary circle to be embedded in it at each level, a feature that would hold the dome up eventually, but could not hold the bricks in place while the mortar was still wet. Brunelleschi used a herringbone brick pattern to transfer the weight of the freshly laid bricks to the nearest vertical ribs of the non-circular dome.
Iterative Making and Concrete Unit Masonry
Block Volume: 188.3 cubic inches Weight: 12.3 lbs. 49.8% of CMU
Center of Gravity
Size: 5” Faces Size: 6” Faces Volume: 415.4 in2 Volume: 717.7 in2 Weight: 26.9Burnette lbs. Residence, Wendle BurnetteBurnette Weight: 46.5 lbs.Burnette Residence, Wendle Concrete, Stack Bond Concrete, Stack Bond 108.9% of CMU 188.3% of CMU
The house, orchestrated within light weight concrete The house, orchestrated within light weight concrete block monoliths, acts like a man-made canyon one block monoliths, acts like a man-made canyon one can drive or walk up into. can drive or walk up into.
Burnette Residence, Wendle Burnette Burnette Residence,Bond Wendle Burnette Concrete, Stack Residence, Wendle Burnette Concrete,Burnette Stack Bond
The house, orchestrated within light weight concrete Concrete, Stack Bond The house, within weight concrete blockorchestrated monoliths, acts likelight a man-made canyon one The house, orchestrated within light weight block monoliths, acts like man-made canyon one concrete can drive or walk upainto. monoliths, acts like a man-made canyon one can drive orblock walk up into. can drive or walk up into.
Beam Volume: 378.5 cubic inches Weight: 24.5 lbs. 99.2% of CMU
Void Explorations
A. Wooden Geometry Study B. Deflection in Block C. Stress in Block D. Digital Module Study E. Aggregation Study
I-Beam Unit
B.
A.
I-Beam Unit
C.
D.
This unit removed the most amount of material from the unit and proportionally sets up the flanges and webs to all be the same thickness E.
Tapered Cavity
The casting process is used within the unit by exaggerating the geometry of the cavity, to not only release easier from the mold, but use it as an aesthetic.
Recessed Cavity
B.
A.
Tapered Cavity
C.
The Recessed unit contemplates the position of the cavity in the wall, does it want to face inside or outside D.
E.
Excavated Block
This unit questions the structural logic through stress and deflection analysis to ultimately shift the center of gravity heavily over the column, transferring the load more directly to the ground
B.
A.
Recessed Cavity
C.
D.
E.
B.
A.
Excavated Block
C.
D. E.
21
Formwork Explorations Engulfed Study
This is a method of casting that conceptualizes the pouring of concrete in a way to set up the next pour to engulf the first, inevitably locking the first in place, as well as setting up to the next pour to First Formwork fuse two units together.
First Pour – Brick
Second Formwork
Second Pour – Block
Third Formwork and Third Pour – Beam
Interlocking Study
This method of casting attempts to wrap the second cast around the first enabling a mechanical cold joint; utilizing the cavities as a way to fill some with concrete and leave some as an aesthetic giving First Formwork them two roles.
First Pour - Brick
Second Formwork
Second Pour- Beam
Interchangeable Study
This study is focuses on a way to use a base formwork to change all of the pieces in and out to achieve different results and generate different blocks along the way through formwork iterations. First Formwork
First Pour - Brick
First Formwork
First Pour - Brick
Second Formwork
Second Pour - Block
Third Pour - Beam
Second Pour - Block
Second Pour - Beam
Key Study
Also uses a base formwork to interchange pieces as the blocks are being cast but primarily focuses on the fusion between two units after one cast.
22
Formwork Assembly Sequence
Base Piece
Center Plug
Face Plugs
Interstitial Plates
Side Plate I
Side Plate II
To ensure the molds fit together properly the formwork had to be assembled in a specific way; depending on the stage of the casting some pieces were added or subtracted to produce different outcomes.
Brick
The molds are assembled with the center plugs and poured into to create the brick even if the desired outcome is a block or a beam. The beginning is always the same. Assembly
Fully Assembled
First Pour
Disassembly of First Pour
Brick
Block
To create a block, after the first pour sequence the center plug is removed and an 1/8th inch divider is placed to separate the two pours ensuring two blocks are made. Disassembly of First Pour
Place Divider
Second Pour
Second Disassembly
Block
Beam
To make a beam, after the first pour sequence the center plug is removed and nothing is done and the void created by the first pour is filled entirely with concrete, fusing the tow blocks together and making the beam. Disassembly of First Pour
No Divider
Second Pour
Second Disassembly
Beam 23
The Casting Process A. Assembling the Molds
Assembly happens only after the molds are greased with petroleum jelly.
B. Mixing the Ingredients
The water is added to the mixer and the Portland cement and sand is slowly added allowing the machine to thoroughly mix all the ingredients. An accelerant is added last, maximizing set-up time. Mixes
Portland
Sand
Water
Accel.
Vol.
Brick
8 gal
8 gal
4 gal
.25 gal
2.7 ft3
Block
4 gal
4 gal
2 gal
.125 gal
1.4 ft3
Beam
12 gal
12 gal
6 gal
.375 gal
4.1 ft3
Ingredients
$
Vol.
Amount Used
Portland
$ 10.50
94 lbs
15 bags
$ 157.42
Sand
$ 5.25
50 lbs
30 Bags
$ 171.28
Accelerant
$ 10.80
1 gal
4 gal
$ 56.20
A.
Material $
C. Pouring the Molds
The process requires five people: One person at the mixer scooping concrete into cups, three people going back and forth from the mixer to the molds, the fifth person constantly vibrating each mold as the cups of concrete are being poured.
D. Cracking the Molds
After curing the molds are opened and the side plates are removed. Sometimes the 1/8th inch recesses plates get stuck and have to be refastened to the outside plates. The rest of the plates come off quite easily without any plugs in them.
D.
E. Releasing the Units
Releasing the units from the base plate of the molds takes two people: one person to vibrate the plate with the plugs and the other person must pull the mold straight off to ensure no breakage occurs.
24
E.
B.
C.
F. Cleaning and Preparation
Cleaning the molds after a cast is released is important to ensure the quality of the next cast. After being cleaned the molds are piled ensure all of the pieces are present. A clean coat of petroleum jelly is then applied, making sure the next cast releases.
G. Re-Assembling the Molds
F.
Assembly after a full release showing the attachment of the alignment pieces for the tubes to creates the holes for the post tensioned system. Each element to the molds was screwed down, enabling the ease of removing it after curing. This is the first cast is the multi-cast system.
Casting Schedule
G.
#
Cast Time
Cure Time
De-mold Time
Clean & Prep
1
19:30
4 hr
23:30
1.5 hr
2
1:00
6.5 hr
7:30
3 hr
3
10:30
4 hr
14:30
1 hr
4
15:30
5 hr
20:30
1.5 hr
5
22:00
9 hr
7:00
2 hr
6
9:00
5.5 hr
14:30
2 hr
7
16:30
4.5 hr
21:00
2.5 hr
8
23:30
7.5 hr
7:00
2.5 hr
9
9:30
4.5 hr
14:00
2.5 hr
10
16:30
5 hr
21:30
2 hr
11
23:30
9 hr
8:30
3 hr
12
11:00
4.5
15:30
3 hr
25
The Final Build A. Threading the Units
Lowering the unit onto the wall takes two people, one person to hold the wires straight so they do not get tangled or kink and the other person to lower the unit onto the wall and ensure the spacers are straight.
B. Horizontal Spacers
First the block unit is equipped with the proper spacers; one between the two blocks, one on the bottom of the block and one on the vertical connecting face of the block.
C. Vertical Spacers
This detailed image demonstrates the post tensioned system coming up through the units as we stack them and put the rubber spacers in between each block. On the left is a brick capping the end of the wall, next to it is a beam with two blocks on top.
A.
B.
C. Mass
Overturn
D. Attaching the Tension Wire
Setting up the post-tensioned system requires two people: one person crimping and another person holding the crimp on the wire.
E. Post Tensioning
After the top units are placed, a top rubber spacer, washer, and nut are placed over and connected to the top all thread rod. Over tightening the system is problematic because it could snap the tension wire.
D.
F. Force x Distance = Moment
When the majority of the mass of the wall is on the inside the weight anchors the wall using the outsite portion as a leg creating a fulcrum. The larger the leg the greater the distance from the fulcrum and the larger the force needed to overturn the wall. X� from fulcrum
26
E.
F.
Wall Assembly
Diagramming the positioning of the post tensioned system and the location of the different units: Brick, Block, and Beam.
Brick
Block
Post Tensioned System Hex Nut Steel Washer Rubber Washer All-Thread Rod Top Wire Crimp
Tensioned Wire
Beam
Bottom Wire Crimp Hex Nut Steel Washer All-Thread Anchor In Concrete Slab
27
The Team
Taras Kes Andrew Kim Cortland Knopp Kenzie Macnamra Timothy Ruhl
The Final Review Guest List
Bradley Bell - University of Texas Arlington Julie Larsen - Syracuse University Brian Peters - Kent State University Pinar Okumus - University at Buffalo, Engineering Annette LeCuyer - University at Buffalo, Architecture Paul Battaglia - University at Buffalo, Architecture Andrew Pries - Digital Fabrication Developer, Boston Valley Terra Cotta Buffalo, NY
28
29
Urban Dissection of the Netherlands [ A N A LY T I CA L ] University at Buffalo Situated Technologies Spring 2015 Professor: Mark Shepherd Student: Cortland Knopp
Population: Hundred Year History 1960: 11,417,254 Present: 16,898,898 2060: 18,057,326
1
The anthropocene explains the significance of human impact on the Children Adults earth and its ecosystems. The focus of the studio was to address the Netherlands and how every square meter 23% has been altered by human hands. This research represents an in-depth look 53.8% into the population shifts occurring in the Netherlands. Specifically analyzing what 23.2% problems are causing people to move and the effects these shifts are having on urban space in Amsterdam. These issues have allowed strategies to be developed Longer Life Expectancy and conclusions to be drawn based on Children (Birth - 20 yrs) 23% Adults (20 - 60 yrs) 53.8% the evidence found. Elderly (60 - Death) 23.2%
Population Growth 1 - Amsterdam 2 - Rotterdam 3 - Utrecht 4 - Den Haag 47.3%
10.2%
Elders
4
230
West - Netherlands Population: 7,952,694
210
190
North - Netherlands Population: 1,718,033
150
East - Netherlands Population: 3,559,282
30
South - Netherlands Population: 3,599,280
Birth
170
Death
110
Birth > Death 21.4%
2
Better medicine, Better Technology will make the adults of today live longer into their elderly years than our elders today.
130
21.1%
3
Although these rates are not rising, births per year are higher than deaths. Duration: 1995 - 2010
90
70
50
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
190.513
189.521
192.443
199.408
200.445
206.619
202.603
202.083
200.297
194.007
187.91
185.057
181.336
184.634
184.915
184.397
Deaths 135.675
137.561
135.783
137.482
140.487
140.527
140.377
142.355
141.936
136.553
136.402
135.372
133.022
135.136
134.235
136.058
Births
Historical District
U.N.E.S.C.O World Herritage Site Residents were taxed upon how wide the facade of their house was. In response the built fabric of Amsterdam became these long, skinny buildings of many different characters from different demographics who were building there.
17th Century Taxes
Taxes
Average Persons per Household
Adult population increases with age resulting in lower number of people per home. Duration: 1950 - 2012
Majority of canal houses were built during this time period. The owners family occupied the ground floor and tenants lived above.
18th Century
4.5
During this time the landlord and his family occupied the first few floors of the dwelling and servants occupied the top floor. The city was expanding which allowed for families to occupy a single dwelling.
4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1
Today
0.5 0 per household
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2012
3.93
3.56
3.21
2.78
2.42
2.3
2.2
Typically the ground floor is for commercial use. The upper floors are used for apartments. 31
1
Canal House
4
Re-think how a typical canal house is programmed in order to make it more efficient.
3
1
5 2
How will the future of housing respond to population growth and urban density in Amsterdam where historic preservation is prevalent?
6.4 m
1
6.4 m
100 m² 3
4
5
15.5 m
2
Inside
1-5
3m
Typical Canal Unit: 100 m² Bedroom Kitchen Living Space Bathroom Dining Area
3m
1
4
3m
3
1-5
5
4.2 m
37.9%
2
62.1% Outside
1
3
4
5
1.2 m 6.4 m
Strategy
Re-think the volumes of space occupied by each individual. Think about what space can be shared between users. What space must be private? What space should be single user only 1 space? How much volume is in one of the canal houses? Total volume: 1,160 m³
New Mixed-Use Spaces 8 Hours Asleep 33% of day 7 Hours Inside 29% of day 9 Hours Outside 38% of day
33%
2
3m 4
3 5
5m
30 m² 3m 6m 3m
30% Eggress
4.2 m
60% Liveable Space
38% 30%
32
1.2 m
3
5 3
5 3
5 3
3 3
3
5 5 5
1-5 3 13 m
3.5 m
3.6 m
4
2
1
2 2
3
3
4
5
4 4
5 5
3 3
43 m 2 1-5
2.8 m
3m
1
24 24
1 1
2.5 Hours - 10.4% of day Food Preparation Quick Eats Clean-up Floor Area: 8.3 m² Total Area: 41.2 m² 20% used 80% not used Volume: 24.8 m³
Living Space
2 2
3
8 Hours - 33% of day Sleep Cleaning Wardrobe Bed Area: 12.6 m² Total Area: 41.2 m² 30% used 70% not used Volume: 37.8 m³
33% 30% 70%
Kitchen
1-5 1-5
1 1
5
4 4
5 5 5 5
3 3 3 3
2 Hours - 9.3% of day Relaxation Guest & Family Interaction Floor Area: 12 m² 30% used 70 % not used Volume: 36 m³
1-5 3
3m
1
6m
2m
10.4% 20% 80%
8.3% 30% 70%
Bathroom 3 3 3
5
3
5
5
4 4 4
1 1
5
5 5
1 1 1
3 3 3
2
5
5 5
1
Bedroom
2 2 2
2 2
4
2
1 1
24 4
5 5
1
4
5
1 1
3
3
1
4 2
3
1-5
3m 1.4 m
1.8 m
24 4
5 5
24
5
3 3 3 3
1-5 31.9 m 1
6.2%
6% 94%
Dining Area
3m
2 2
1-5
3 3
1.5 Hours - 6.2% of day Hygiene Excretion Freshen-up Floor Area: 2.5 m² Total Area: 41.2 m² 6% used 94% not used Volume: 7.5 m³
3m
1 Hour - 4.2% of day 3 Meals per day Work Surface Floor Area: 5.7 m² 13% used 87% not used Volume: 17.5 m³
4.2%
13% 87% 33
Social Impact
Changing our way of life to facilitate desired Urban Density
Current Statistics
X4
Amsterdam Population 1,672,289
Approx. 760,131 Dwellings 2.2 People per Dwelling
Amsterdam Population 1,772,626
Estimated Predictions
Population and living statistics predicted to accumulate if the current conditions remain on their designated path in 2065
X8
X4 4 Per Canal House
6% 10%
1.9 People per Dwelling
Dwellings
760,131 Dwellings
Population and the associated living statistics in 2015
1 2 3 4
190,000 Canal Houses
Dwellings
760,131 Dwellings 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 1,520,262 Dwellings
U.N.E.S.C.O World Heritage Site
17%
Remains the Same in 2065
Approx. 895,265 Dwellings Desired in Urban Center
Approx. 190,000 Canal Houses
Canal House Conversion
These diagrams predict how many houses can be generated if canal houses were divided into smaller living quarters.
34
1
5
1
5
1
5
2
6
2
6
2
6
3
7
3
7
3
7
4
8
4
8
4
8
Approx. 1,520,262 Dwellings can be created if 100% of Canal Houses are converted to accommodate less people per household
Approx. 1,216,209 Dwellings can be created if 60% of Canal Houses are Converted to accommodate less people per household
Approx. 988,170 Dwellings can be created if 30% of Canal Houses are Converted to accommodate less people per household
A
Single Canal House Conversion
B
3.6 m Atrium
Unit A
Atrium
Unit B
3.6 m
30% of the house is devoted to circulation creating an atrium space and allowing light to penetrate through to the middle of the units where no light was able to reach before.
Unit Volumes Unit A
90.0 m続 Atrium
Unit B
3.6 m
3.6 m
.74 m
2.5 m Atrium
Unit B
4.5 m
3.6 m
7.6 m
Unit B 1.2 m
120.0 m続
4.3 m 6.4 m
3.6 m
A
A
B
B
4.5 m
7.6 m
C
Unit Adjacency 3.6 m Unit A
Atrium
Unit A
Unit B
Atrium
Unit B
3.6 m 14.4 m
Unit B
Atrium
Unit B
3.6 m
Unit B
Atrium
Unit B
3.6 m
4.3 m
1.2 1.3 1.2
4.3 m
Double Canal House Conversion
Combining two adjacent canal houses into a single complex increases the amount of atrium space and light penetration into the interior of the structure, increasing the quality of space.
12.8 m A
B
C
35
Diametrical Organization
C1
[ EMPIRICAL ] University at Buffalo Situated Technologies Fall 2014 Professor: Nicolas Bruscia Student: Cortland Knopp
A3 A4
B1
C4
A2 C4
D3
A
B
Connections Types
D Array
Connection Study
C1 D1
B4 A4
A2 B2
D3
C2
C3 B3
A3
D2
Stage 1 36
A3
A3
tion
A1
A3 C4
This parametric system was derived from the analysis of auxetic materials and the geometric principals behind them. A circle looked at from a perspective angle takes on properties of an ellipse. By relating the geometry of such materials with ellipses in two dimensions, this geometry was then able to be visualized three dimensionally using circles. The circle in three dimensions is then broken down into parameters in order to control the geometry. By setting the parameters this way it was then simpler to translate the design into a digital format using grasshopper. Once the ring structure of the system was developed, a woven aesthetic was then applied using the same parameters. The end result can A Array be thought of as an installation into an architectural setting to diffuse light and Arrayed sound in an interesting way.
D4
C1
Stage 2
Directional Analysis
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
D1
B1 A3
C1 A3
D1
C1
B1 C4 D1
C3
B1
A3 A3
C
D
C Array
B Array
Connections Types
Arrayed Connection Study
Stage 6
Directional Analysis
Stage 7
Stage 8
B3
Stage 9 37
Diametrical Organizatio Connection Classification C1
C1
D1 D1
D1
C4
C1
C1 C4
D1
D1
C4
D1
C4
C C4
D4
A3
A3
D3
D2
D3
L1
D3
L2
A3
A3
D3
A3
A3 Base
D2
D4 A4
C1
A3 D2
D3
D4 A1 A2
D3
Parallel
D3
C4
C1
C1
C4
D1
C4 D4
A3
D3
L1
D3
L2
A3
A3 A3 D4
Base
C1
A4
D3
D2 D1
38
D1
A3 D2
A3
D4 A1 A2
D3
C4
C
D3
A3 D2
Perpendicular
D1
C4
D1
D1
C1
C1 C1
C4
D3
D1
C4
C1
D1
D3
Parallel Connection
A3
D2 A
This logic connects in the same direction resulting in a tighter geometry.
3 L1
C
D2
C
L1 L1
Base L2 Base L1
D2
L2
A3
C
L2
D4
D4
D4
A3
D4
BaseLink
A3
D2
Base
L1
D4
A3
L2
L2
Base
C
L2
D4
Base
A3
D2
C
A3 L1
L1 Base
C C
D2
L2
A3
D2 A3
D2 Link
L1
L1
C
A3
D2
Link
D2
Base
C L1
D4
Base Base
A3
A3 Base
D4
A3
L1
Base
Link
C
D2
L2
D2 C
L1
A3
L2
C
C
D4
C Link Base
D4
D4
Link
Base
D4
A3
L2
Link
L2
A3
L1
D4
A3 L2
L2
Base
A3 A3
D4
A3 D4
Base
A3
Link
D2 A3
C
L2
D2 Link
C
A3
A3 A3 Link
L1
L1
D2
C
Link
C
Link
Base
Link
Base
D2
C
Base
A3
Link
C
Link Base
A3 Link
D4
D2
D2 D2
Link
C
Base
C
D2
A3 A3
Base Link
C
D4 D4
Perpendicular Connection
A3
Link
A3
D4
This logic alternates connections resulting in a linear geometry.
A3
D4
Base
Link
C
D2
C
Base
Link Link
Link
A3
A3
Base
D4
D2
39
Ring Field Spacial Array
A1 - A2 - A3 - A4 Studied as a way to increase the density of the system in an attempt to diffuse light and sound.
Center Datum
Plan
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Phase 5
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Phase 5
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Phase 5
Center Datum Base Datum
Front
Center Datum Base Datum
Side 40
Plan
Phase 6
Phase 7
Phase 8
Front
Phase 6
Phase 7
Phase 8
Side
Phase 6
Phase 7
Phase 8 41
Start Sequence
Weaving Pattern Iterations
Studied to increase the density of material to act as a diffuser of light and sound.
A1
A1
B1
A2
C1
Scheme 1
Start Sequence
Perspective
A3
Scheme 2 A4
D1
B1
C1
C4 C1
B1
D3
A4
A1
C3
D4
D1
A2
B2
B4
A3
A3
B4
B4
D1
B3
B3
A1
B3
D1
D4
B3 A3
B4 C4 C1
A4
C3
A1
B1 D3
D3
B1
A1 C3
C2
D2
A4
C1 C4
B2
D1
C4
A2
A1
D4
B2
A3
D4
A1
A2
B2
C2
D2
Scheme 1
B4
Scheme 2
Plan
A1
C1
Intersect Datum
B1
C2
C1
C3
D1
C4
Base Datum Scheme 1
Scheme 2
Front
Scheme 1
Side
C1
B1
A1
A2
D3
C2
B2
Scheme 2
D2
A3
D1
End Sequence
D2 D1
B4 C3
B3
D2
A3
B3
C4
D4
C1
C2
B2
A4
A2
B1
D3
C1 D1
B4 A4
C3
Base Datum
D1
B1
A1
C4
D4
A1
D3
Center Datum
42
B3
C1
C1 B1
B1
A4
D2
B4
D1
C2
C3
D1
D3
C2 B2
A2
A2
C4 C1
B1
B1
B2
C2
D2
B4
D3
C4
D2
A4
D4
C3
D4
A4
C2
A3
B3
D1
D3
A1
B2
A2
Center Datum
A3
D2
C3
B3
D4
End Sequence
Start Weave Sequence
A2
A2
A2
A2
A2
A2a
A2a
A2a
A3
A3
A3
A3
A3
A3
A3a
A3a
A3a
A4
A4
A4
A4
A4
A4
A4a
A4a
A4a
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1a
B1a
B1a
B2
B2
B2
B2
B2
B2
B2a
B2a
B2a
B3
B3
B3
B3a
B3a
B3a
B4
B4
B4
B4a
B4a
B4a
C1
C1
C1
C1a
C1a
C1a
A3
A3
B3
B3
B3
B4
B4
B4
C1
C1
C1
C2
C2
C2
C2
C2
C2
C2a
C2a
C2a
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3a
C3a
C3a
C4
C4
C4
C4
C4
C4
C4a
C4a
C4a
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1
D1a
D1a
D1a
D2
D2
D2
D2
D2
D2
D2a
D2a
D2a
D3
D3
D3
D3
D3
D3
D3a
D3a
D3a
D4
D4
D4
D4
D4
D4
D4a
D4a
D4a
A2
C2
D2
Final Scheme
C1 D1 A2 B2
C3
B3
C1
C4 B4
A2
B2
C2
D2
B2
D3
C2
A4
D1
D1
B1
C4 C1 D4
A2
A4
B4
C2
End Weave Sequence
Final Scheme
D2
D3
B1
A1
C3
D4
Final Scheme
A3
B1 D2
A1
B1
A4
D1
B3
A3
C4 C1
B2
A3
C4
C1 D4
B4
D3
C4
D1
C3
D4
B4
A1
B4
A2
B1
A1
B3
C3
D2
B3
B1 B3
A1
B4
A4
C2
A1
B2
C3 D3
B2
A3
B3
D3
Front
D3
B1
A4
Scheme 3
Side
C3
B4
B1
A3
B3
B2
D4 C1 C4
D1
Plan
Scheme 3
Final Scheme
A4
A2
C1 A1
A1
A2
C2
D2
Scheme 3
D4
A1a
C3
D1
B4
A1a
C1 C4
A2
C4
A1a
C2
D2
D4
A1
D3
A4
A1
A4
D3
C2
A1
D4
B2
A1
D1
C3
A3
B3
A1
A2
Perspective
A1
D2
Scheme 3
Start Weave Sequence
End Weave Sequence 43
2_Tier City [ COMPREHENSIVE ] University at Buffalo Domestic Study Abroad Summer 2015 Professor: Gregory Delaney Students: Cortland Knopp This project represents a late entry to the City Club of Chicago’s 1913 City Residential Land Development Competition. The competition was to submit new ideas on how to redevelop a quarter section of the cities rapidly expanding residential grid. The goal was to produce new ideas for the city grid, returning it to its roots when our cities were first conceived. For pedestrians, experiencing urban space without automobiles is almost unheard of in the United States. No automobiles means a safer, quieter public realm and allows people to reconnect with the environment in different ways. Raising the gardens a full story above street level, doubles the amount of space available, while at the same time shrinking down the scale to create more humanized places of being. Connections from garden to garden are made via bridges on the short side of each block. Neighborhood identity is created with different roof styles. This condition forms a never interrupted network of gardens and bridges inevitably terminated by two major perpendicular linear plaza spaces.
44
Quarter Section Zoning
Block Organization
Lot Configurations
45
Garden Level
A collaborative effort throughout the studio put sixteen projects together in a cohesive manner to make up two-square miles of Chicago city grid. The projects were arranged according to the best fit adjacency. Another iteration of each design was conducted and changes were made based on those adjacencies. Some designs were more flexible than others allowing for the plan to come together cohesively.
Street Level
Good Grids Exhibit
12'
0'
16 Students:
George Behn | M ARC Rachel Chen | M ARC Asuka Fujita | BS ARC Ginny Gallersdorfer | M ARC Brandon Hake | BS ARC Lorrin Kline | BS ARC Cortland Knopp | M ARC David Lin | BS ARC Aniket Marathe | M ARC Andres Natale | BS ARC P.J. Niedzwiecki | M ARC Aimee Plante | M ARC Dylan Russ | BS ARC Nicholas Traverse | M ARC Rohit Walimbe | M ARC Veronica Yuqui | BS ARC
12'
0'
12' 11' 10' 9' 8' 7'
6'
12'
5'
4'
3'
2' 0'
1'
0'
12'
0'
Street Level
Garden Level
46
47
Neighborhoods
Roof styles differentiate each raised garden space giving each neighborhood an identity.
Roman Arch
Gabled
Saw-Tooth
Inverse Gable
Commercial Space
48
49
Google Fiber Model [ EXTRACURRICULAR ] Freelance Model Making Summer 2014 Client: The Visionary Group Cortland Knopp This project was a commission to build a physical model for The Visionary Group, a boutique Experiential Marketing agency specializing in Brand Activation and Event production out of Los Angeles, California, but have a satellite office in New York City. This project was for an event promoting Google Fiber.
A.
A. The Base Line design just includes essentials of the design B. Full Line which goes up a beyond what Google expected. C. Since no digital model exists of this chair, it was modeled in Revit by looking at photos and dimensions provided by the manufacturer and then exported to the MakerBot software and brought to life with 3D Printing. D. These stools existed digitally and open source in Sketchup, the seats were 3D printed and the stands were made by hand out of bass wood. E. This chair was provided digitally and open source in Sketchup and was part of the original design but switched to another chair for the final.
50
B.
C.
D.
E.
51
Urban Sketching [ EXTRACURRICULAR ] University at Buffalo Domestic Study Abroad Summer 2015 Professor: Gregory Delaney Alfred State College Travel Study Abroad Spring 2013 Professor: Jeff Johnston Student: Cortland Knopp
52
53
Exeter Library Louis I. Kahn 1971
54
Fallingwater Frank Lloyd Wright 1939
55
Cortland J. Knopp A| Westfield, NY 14787 P| 716–581–2942 E| cjk.architecture@gmail.com I am 24 years old and aspire to become an architect. After earning a B.S. in architectural technology at Alfred State, I went on to pursue an M. Arch. at the University at Buffalo and have recently graduated. My intensive immersion in architecture during the last six years convinced me that it really is much more than just a profession. Rather, it has to be a lifelong commitment, a calling. I love a saying by Confucius, “Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work another day in your life,” – and see becoming an architect as a great privilege. I long to have what I do be meaningful to others, and hope that giving the best I am able to offer will contribute, at least in a small measure, to making a positive difference in the world. Studying in Italy for a semester was an eye-opener and increased my curiosity and questioning of who we are on this planet and how architects ought to be good stewards, and enable others down the line to enjoy our buildings and environments the same way we enjoy the good that was created before us.
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