What you absolutely need to and want to know about your pharmacy
AUGUST 2014 • FREE
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Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a disease in which the density and quality of bones are reduced, leading to the weakening of the skeleton and increased risk of fracture, particularly of the spine, wrists, hip, pelvis and upper arms. In many affected people, bone loss is gradual and without warning signs until the disease is advanced. For this reason, the disease is also known as "the silent crippler" because a person usually doesn't know that they have it until it's too late. There are many misconceptions about osteoporosis, for example that it is "an old woman's disease". In fact, bone loss in women can begin as early as the age of 25. Worldwide, the lifetime risk for a woman to have an osteoporotic fracture is 30 - 40%. Furthermore, new studies have shown that the prevalence of osteoporosis in men is higher than previously thought, with approximately one in five (20%) men affected. Although there is no cure for osteoporosis, there are a number of things you can do to help prevent this bone disease from developing, or to assist the patient in coping with the disease, if it has already been diagnosed. Calcium Calcium is a major building block of bone tissue and
is important for preventing osteoporosis and bone disease. The amount of calcium our bodies require changes according to age. The body’s ability to absorb calcium declines with age and this is one of the reasons why seniors need to ingest higher amounts of calcium. It is good practice therefore, to eat calcium rich foods such as dairy products, green vegetables, canned fish and nuts. Vitamin D Vitamin D helps the body in the absorption of calcium from food in the intestines, as well as for ensuring the correct renewal and mineralisation of bone tissue. It is therefore essential for the maintenance and development of bone. Vitamin D is made in the skin when exposed to ultraviolet rays, but it can also be obtained from food, such as oily fish and dairy or alternatively from various dietary supplements. Nutrition It’s important to get in the right nutrients in order to
(For further reading, visit www.osteoporosis.org.za).
keep bones strong and healthy, especially once diagnosed with osteoporosis. Apart from the foods already mentioned, it is a good idea to eat a well-balanced diet. Exercise Exercise is essential for bone health at any age. It is never too late to start a healthy exercise programme, even if you are at high risk for the disease, or have already developed osteoporosis. Because exercise strengthens bones and muscles, it can help prevent the falls and fall-related fractures that so often result in disability or premature death. According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, walking and weight lifting are two of the best exercises you can do to help with building and maintaining bone density. Prevention is still better than cure! Early intervention is especially important when it comes to osteoporosis. Therefore, from an early age, build your child’s, especially girls’, bone density by following the guidelines as mentioned above.
Did yo that weig u know for osteop ht training walking o orosis -- not just but lifting r doing aerobics protect y weights -- can h , o osteopor ur bones and pre elp v osis-relate Accordin d fractureent g to training o webmd.com: st s? udies sho ver a peri w od that stren of time c loss and gth m a study, po ay even help build n help prevent bo stmenop ne n ew b o n e a u sa . In one in a stren l wo m e n gth wh significan training program o participated t increase for a year s in th saw in the spin e and hip eir bone density s, a re a most by osteopo s affec ted older wo rosis in m en .
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First aid for burns Although the cold weather should start to subside in the next few weeks, there might still be some cold fronts on the way. Most people have heaters, warm blankets, hot water bottles and even an open fire in and around their homes to fight the cold conditions. Although they certainly are comforting, these heatproducing elements can be potentially harmful if not managed correctly. I am sure you have heard or read about hot water bottles bursting or how an open fire can cause burns, so here are some first aid tips on the treatment of such burns: 1 Take the person to a safe place if possible. 2 Take off the person’s clothing immediately, but only if it’s not stuck to the skin. Remove any watches or jewellery the individual is wearing, but only if you can do it without causing any more pain or injury. If clothing is stuck to the skin,
or you cannot remove any item on the person’s skin without causing further damage, go to the nearest emergency room immediately. 3 Treat the burn with water only. Cool the burned area under running water for 20 minutes. This will reduce tissue damage and pain. This is useful for up to three hours after the burn. 4 Cover the burn with a loose, light, non-sticky dressing, such as plastic wrap or a clean, wet cloth. Raise burned limbs. Go to the emergency room immediately in the following cases (especially if the patient is a child): • the burn is to the face, airway, hands or genitals • the burn is larger than the size of the child’s hand. • the burn or scald is the size of a 20cent piece or larger • the burn is deep, even if the child
doesn’t feel any pain • the burn looks raw, angry or blistered • the pain persists or is severe • you’re not sure how bad the burn is Avoid the following: • don’t peel off any clothing that’s stuck to the burn. Don’t break any blisters. • don’t apply ice, iced water, lotions, moisturisers, oil, ointments, creams or powders to the burn. These will only need to be removed to treat the burn properly. NO butter or flour should be placed on the burn at any time! • if the burn is large, don’t cool it for longer than 20 minutes. This is because hypothermia can happen quickly in children. (www.raisingchildren.net.au)
Accidental addict Dependency on prescription pain medication Thousands of people rely on prescription painkillers for the relief of pain and discomfort associated with ailments such as headaches, surgery or lingering pain from an injury. Unfortunately for many, this reliance on medication can easily and unknowingly turn into physical dependence. These medications can only be obtained with a prescription because they contain powerful chemical substances that can become addictive when not used according to the prescribed dosage and time period. In this article we will discuss selected signs of addiction that you should be aware of. increase - Over time, it is common 1 Usage for individuals taking prescription medications to grow tolerant to the effects of their prescribed dose. If someone you know seems to be increasing his/her dose over time, this is an indication that the amount they were
taking is no longer providing them relief. They should consult their physician for a controlled increase of their dosage or for a prescription for a different product. use - Continued usage after a 2 Ongoing medical condition has improved will result in the person needing extensions on his/her prescription. The person might talk of how they are "still feeling pain" and need just a little longer on the medication in order to get well. He or she might also complain frequently about the doctors who refuse to write the prescription for one reason or another. spent obtaining prescriptions - A 3 Time dependent person will spend large amounts of time driving great distances and visiting multiple doctors to obtain the drugs or prescriptions for it. Watch for signs that he or she seems preoccupied with a quest for medication, demonstrating that the drug has
become their top priority. The role of the pharmacist: Pharmacists are expertly trained when it comes to medicine of all kinds. If you need to know if any medication contains chemical substances that may encourage dependency or even what type of chemical ingredient is present in the drugs, ask your pharmacist. They also keep track of your medication usage and should warn you if the use of specific medicine becomes excessive. Trust your pharmacist to assist you in responsible drug use. (Other signs of addiction include significant changes in daily habits and appearance, neglecting responsibilities, social withdrawal, forgetfulness and defensiveness. If you want to read more about these, visit webmd.com.)
Finding help for addiction and substance abuse is all about knowing where to look Fore more information or to find a healthcare professional (HCP) near you who understands how to treat codeine dependence in a private setting - check out the HCP locator on www.turntohelp.co.za
This information has been provided with the kind permission of Clifford Bernstein M.D., of The Waismann Institute.
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