What you absolutely need to and want to know about your pharmacy
October 2014 • FREE
Salt Watch:
limit your intake South Africans carry an unacceptably high burden of hypertension (high blood pressure) with up to 30% of adults known to be hypertensive. Hypertension is estimated to have caused 46 888 deaths and 390 860 disabilityadjusted life years in 2000. Hypertension alone is the leading reason for attending primary health-care, and is the most common diagnosis (13.1%) in South Africa. A key driver of hypertension is high salt consumption, and there is strong evidence indicating South Africans consume between two
Foods which are low in salt • Fruits and vegetables (fresh, frozen, dried, tinned with no added salt) • Unsalted nuts and seeds • Legumes (beans, lentils, peas) • Mealie meal • Pasta and rice • Plain popcorn • Oats • Fresh fish • Fresh poultry and meat • Eggs • Yoghurt, maas • Plain cottage cheese • Vinegar, spices and herbs (dried and fresh)
to three times the recommended daily allowance of 5grams. The source of this dietary salt intake is 55% from processed foods and up to 40% from discretionary salt, which is salt added at home during cooking and at the table. The National Department of Health recently legislated salt reduction in certain processed foods. While this will reduce one source of salt in our diets it does not deal with the discretionary salt use. South Africa is the first country to embark on a legislated route to reduce salt consumption. As a result the world’s attention is on South Africa to
Foods with moderate salt content • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Baked beans Peanut butter Salted nuts Breakfast cereals Bread and bread products Cakes, pastries, biscuits Table sauces (tomato sauce, mustard) Salad dressings Mayonnaise Convenience meals, burgers, pies Tinned fish Soft tub margarine Patés, hummus
assess how effective our approach will be. Salt Watch was established as a coalition group that will undertake the salt reduction education and awareness campaign. The Heart and Stroke Foundation South Africa was nominated as the implementing body of the campaign and is supported by the Department of Health. The Heart Foundation recently published this diagram on their web site to indicate which foods contain more salt than others:
Foods which are very high in salt • Olives, pickles, atchaar & gherkins • All types of salt and seasoning salts, stock cubes, gravy powders, soup powders • Instant noodles, crisps • Yeast extracts (Marmite, Bovril), Soya sauce, Worcestershire sauce, Barbeque sauce • Processed or tinned meats (polony, viennas, salami, ham, sausages, boerewors) • Smoked & cured meat and fish (bacon, biltong, bokkoms, anchovies, corned beef, pickled tongue and smoked pork) • Take-away foods, pizza, crumbed meat or chicken • Cheese • Butter, hard margarine
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Sniffles and sneezes
It is that time of the year again and for some people, coping with allergies is a daily struggle. Allergic rhinitis is a group of symptoms affecting the nose and is more common when Spring is in the air and symptoms often arise when then you breathe in something you are allergic to, such as dust, animal dander, or pollen. Symptoms can also occur when you eat food that you are allergic to. Symptoms that may develop later include: • Stuffy nose (nasal congestion) • Coughing • Clogged ears and decreased sense of smell • Sore throat • Dark circles under the eyes • Puffiness under the eyes • Fatigue and irritability • Headache Symptoms that occur shortly after you come into contact with the substance you are allergic to may include:
• Itchy nose, mouth, eyes, throat, skin, or other area • Problems with smell • Runny nose • Sneezing • Watery eyes Allergic rhinitis cannot be ignored. It should be treated at all times, not only to ease the symptoms, but to prevent complications. Long-term (chronic) allergic rhinitis may cause a number of health problems, including: • Sinus infections (sinusitis). Allergic rhinitis can block the tubes that drain the sinuses, leading to infection of the sinus cavities (acute sinusitis). Symptoms include pain in the front of the head and upper face, postnasal drip, stuffy nose, and thick, colored mucus. With a severe sinus infection, you may have a fever and feel
sick. Allergic rhinitis can also cause longlasting (chronic) sinusitis or inflammation of the sinus cavities. • Plugged ears, pressure or pain in the ears, and ear infections. These can occur when allergic rhinitis affects how much mucus you have in your ears and the eustachian tubes, which run between the inside of the ears and the back of the throat. In children, problems with the eustachian tubes can lead to difficulty hearing. • Asthma. Allergy sufferers have an increased risk of developing asthma, and in addition, allergic rhinitis can cause their asthma symptoms to get worse. Talk to your pharmacist about the appropriate medicine to tackle allergies head-on!
Childhood Diseases
Recently small outbreaks of mumps and German measles were reported at schools. It once again reminds us all of the importance of vaccinations. Did you know that one of the best ways to protect your children is to make sure they have received all of their vaccinations? Immunizations can save your child’s life. Because of advances in medical science, your child can be protected against more diseases than ever before. Some diseases that once injured or killed thousands of children, have been eliminated completely and others are close to extinction– primarily due to safe and effective vaccines. Vaccination is very safe and effective. Vaccines are only given to
children after a long and careful review by scientists, doctors, and healthcare professionals. Vaccines will involve some discomfort and may cause pain, redness, or tenderness at the site of injection but this is short-lived compared to the pain, discomfort, and trauma of the diseases these vaccines prevent. Immunization protects others you care about. Unfortunately, some babies are too young to be completely vaccinated. Also, other people may not be able to receive certain vaccinations due to severe allergies, weakened immune systems from conditions
like leukemia, or other reasons. To help keep them safe, it is important that those of us who are able to get vaccinated are fully immunized. This not only protects your family, but also helps prevent the spread of these diseases to your friends and loved ones who might not be immune. Immunizations can save your family time and money. A child with a vaccine-preventable disease can be denied attendance at schools or child care facilities. Some vaccinepreventable diseases can result in prolonged disabilities and can take a financial toll because of lost time
at work, medical bills or long-term disability care. In contrast, getting vaccinated against these diseases is a good investment and usually covered by insurance. Immunization protects future generations. Vaccines have reduced and, in some cases, eliminated many diseases that killed or severely disabled people just a few generations ago. For example, smallpox vaccination eradicated that disease worldwide. Your children don’t have to get smallpox shots anymore because the disease no longer exists. By vaccinating children against rubella (German
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measles), the risk that pregnant women will pass this virus on to their fetus or newborn has been dramatically decreased. If we continue vaccinating now, and vaccinating completely, parents in the future may be able to trust that some diseases of today will no longer be around to harm their children in the future. Talk to the nurse If you need to know more about vaccinations and the different types every child should receive, talk to your clinic nurse at your nearest pharmacy. (www.vaccines.org)
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