0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
July
August
September
May
June
April
March
February
January
0
Gallons per day per person Regular LowͲFlow Showerhead Showerhead (8gpm) (1.6gpm)
Regular
me per Showerhead (4.5gpm) ay
0 0 5 0 0 0 er day r day
er Month r Month
per Year er Year
45 45 22.5 0 0 0 112.5 0.075375
3375 2.26125
40500 27.135
to to to to to to to to
to to
to to
80 80 40 0 0 0 200 0.134
UltraͲLow Showerhead (.8gpm)
25 25 12.5 0 0 0 62.5 0.041875
8 8 4 0 0 0 20 0.0134
to
50
180
to
0.1206 600 0.402
to
to
0.0335 1875 1.25625
to
Gal. per day Saved
160
to
$ per day Saved
0.1072 1200 0.804
to
6000 4.02
to to to to to to to
to
U Sho (1
to to to to to to to
4800
to
1500
5400
to
3.216
to
1.005
3.618
to
72000 48.24
14400 9.648
to to
22500 15.075
7200 4.824
to
57600
to
64800
to
18000
0.0 0.
to to
Gal per Month Saved $ per Month Saved
Gal per Year Saved $ per Year Saved % per Year Saved
1
LowͲFlow Showerhead (2.5gpm)
16 16 8 0 0 0 40 0.0268
to
38.592
to
12.06
43.416
to
80.00%
to
44.44%
90.00%
to
0. 1 1 9 2 1 6
Editorial Cartoon Editorial Essay Case Study Project Proposal Research Agenda Project Program Preliminary Design Schematic Design Final Design Bibliography
00 01 03 07 09 11 19 23 33 53
“This is such a great neighborhood, and I love our neighbors.” “Honey...We don’t know any of our neighbors...”
1
Over the past half-century, Americans have been swept off their feet and quickly came to believe that the way we live is the only and best way we could ever live. With consumption per person at an all time high, we are running out of everything, fast: food sources (with our homes wiping them out), energy resources, water, land, and air. We require more resources to account for our endless traveling, more things to account for our squandering of wealth, and we always seem to be short on time. There seems to be not enough of anything. As everyday citizens, it is not our fault we have been lead to a consumer-heavy country. Following a long and brutal war, growth flourished, and many families began. Along with this growth, the car came into its own and thus, the suburbs were born in America. Ever since, things have been forgotten and things have been created in reaction to the post-war boom. This was a time of flourishing for America, things rolled at freeway speed with little control. Few considered the repercussions that would follow such dramatic changes in our country. Our cities were hit the worst by these changes. With consumerism on a steep climb, it became a goal of the vast majority of citizens to own their personal plot of land and soon their own vehicle. Upon this land would be their oversized, poorly designed home within which they would isolate themselves. These homes were not built to last and until recently have degraded in quality since. During this time, these suburban homes really were all that was available; and there were a lot of them, so they were cheap. How perfect, the normal citizen could own their private land and house and enjoy the rest of their lives in peace. Buyers were, of course, quick to fall into this trap and ever since there has been an overload of these developments going up and a massive export of residents retreating to the edge of our once thriving cities. Like said before, the average American isn’t to blame and really no one is either. Who could have foreseen the consequences of the majority of Americans moving to the outskirts of the cities? Little do they know, they have been aiding in the death of our urban centers
Overcoming the Brainwash Editorial Essay Consumerism and privatization are at the base of all American lives. This essay discusses these issues and what they have done to the country and society. Lack of considerate and responsible design has only made the situation worse. These issues are at the base of my thesis and provide precedence to the project.
and the planet as we know it. Not only that, but they are subjecting themselves to a time-consuming life of isolation and stress too. Residents of edge cities are forced to drive hours a day to and from their destinations and when at home are separated from any resources they may need including their neighbors next door. Simply put, we have been brainwashed of the exciting life available within the city and in traditional neighborhoods. Now that this problem is evident, things need to be done to fix it. Instead, suburban homes are still being cloned across the nation regardless of the known problems. It is time for the country to be freed from this blindfold. The suburban dweller and builders needs to be told and become self-aware of the countless cons of living where they do and building what they do. Once we understand, things can start to change. Great changes that will eventually reform our country and largely reduce the amount of resources required for the suburbs to thrive. First, all the codes, rules, and regulations that have been written and strictly enforced allowing for only suburban type developments to be built need to be rethought and rewritten. This will accommodate for many varieties of new construction. Mixeduse will be seen more and more throughout the country. That will happen more naturally as things change. More important, what is to happen to the thousands of suburbs that are already built and suffering? Innovative adaptation and renovation of the house on a large scale needs to happen and will be an important step. Improvements to make them last longer, be thermally and energy efficient, and improve ventilation and daylight need to be implemented. Change brings new ideas. With these ideas, as a nation, we can retransform our country to make it a far better place than it has ever been. The rising problem of the car, consumption, and sprawl need to be understood on a national level first for anything to change. From there, a vast redesign of the suburbs and the homes within them must be pushed for.
2
3
Case Study of: Propositions for Suburban Living -Dail Peter Borden
These proposals were carefully designed by Borden to re-think the way of thinking about the single-family house while still keeping that domestic condition of the suburbs. There are many innovative and creative ideas contained in this project: beneficial programmatic layouts, sustainable modular design, and the creation of unique outdoor spaces However, the problem this thesis deals with are still not dealt with in these proposals. Rather, they are ignored or not really understood. The spatial and social layout of the suburb is what is suffocating everything else, and that is what needs to be resolved. This project is an ideal example of what should not be avoided. 4
The Problem:
There is no question that things throughout the world need to change; among which is the virus of the Suburbs. Not only are these communities taking the life and energy out of the central cities around the country, they are an enemy to themselves. The suburbs have become a desolate environment lending high crime and depression rates. With the low density and zone separation, vehicles are a necessity. Walking has become unpractical because of this too.
5
Thesis Proposal: House:Redux What won’t do any good: With millions of suburban homes across the nation, there is no feasible way to consider starting over. They are here to stay, it would be a missed opportunity simply to run away from these already existing homes. This is an opportunity, rather, to learn from our mistakes and build upon them to solve the crisis. Many must be involved to drive a change in these communities to improve upon them. Only then will infill and adaptations begin to flourish throughout the suburbs.
“The suburbs aren’t done yet, it’s that simple.” –Dan Chiras and Dave Wann
6
The right direction: Things are going in the right direction. Several developments have been built with community at the heart of its design. Village Homes and Harmony Village are two that have done some great things for the suburban fabric.
It’s clear that new neighborhoods are once again becoming more thoughtful; no one should be satisfied with just this, there is still a lot more to be done.
7
Thesis Proposal: House:Redux What is being proposed: A far more tangible and real alteration to this dire suburban situation is being considered. The point of this project is to develop and design adaptations that can be done to the existing neiborhoods and homes themselves. Residential construction needs to slow down while infill and redesigns need to be encouraged. These adaptations, some of which shall be “do-it-yourself” compatible, will aim at lowering energy and water consumption which will in turn save the owner money and also lower pollution, and improve light, air, and life within the homes. All these adaptations will be compiled into a comprehensive “guide” book. The book will cleary be organized by the region, the type, the size, and the cost of the project. 8
Design Intent: I propose to design a variety of adaptations and add-ons that can be applied to the typical American suburb. They will range from simple to complex and cheaper to larger investments. Adaptations like shading devices all the way to improving the ventilation. These changes will lower the energy consumption, increase the quality of light, air, and life inside the home, and further save the residents money. The project will then look more specifically at a single suburban neighborhood. Analyze the development and redesign it as if the neighbors did themselves, creating a strong community and making it more self-reliant; all the while pushing the car to the back, out of focus. Once the master redesign is finished, the different houses that are within it will be studied and then the adaptations previously designed will be applied accordingly. After they are adapted to be self-sustaining themselves, the effects on the money, visual, and comfort aspects will be looked at to understand the effects these improvements actually had on the individual homes.
9
Questions to be answered: Which development to choose? How many adaptations should be designed? What kind of adaptations? Is this neighborhood/are these houses something residents of the development could see themselves living in? How can this concept be convincing to a middle-class citizen? (the initial expense is worth it with the long term payback.) Methods of attack: More case studies of communities like Village Homes need to be
House:Redux Research Agenda This section outlines what will be accomplished, the key questions to be addressed, my concept, the goals, and the methods I plan on using to obtain them.
done. I would like to find a development that was built to the typical standards of a suburb and that was redesigned to reinforce the idea of community. One that has implemented many elements like: common areas, gardens, etc. This would be a great community to take to that next level and adapt al the houses within it. Models, both physical and virtual will need to be constructed to analyze the houses before and after they are adapted- Sun analysis will be performed on them to determine how bad they are and what needs to be done and how well the adaptations worked. The suburbs are here to stay, if we can get past the codes and remove the blanket from our eyes, the suburbs and the houses contained can be fixed. The next step is the house:redux.
10
The Site: Region: Inland Northwest City: Coeur d’Alene, ID Development: Coeur d’Alene Place Neighborhood: Marceille Cul-de-Sac 175000 sq. ft.= 4 acres Zoning: R-8PUD
11
House:Redux Program The site consists of twelve homes all lined along the Marceille St. cul-desac. Even within this small section of this larger development, there are houses that are duplicates of each other.
122
The Climate: There are very few cooling days, with a large number of heating days: 7,642 Heating degree days 467 Cooling degree days Below average precipitation lowers benefit of water collection
13
There is plenty of sunshine to utilize photovoltaic panels and solar water heating panels. Even though there are a lot of cloudy days, PV panels are becoming more and more efficient under cloudy skies. This does, however, reduce the efficiency of solar water heating.
With a minimum of 8 mph winds, there is just enough throughout the year for use of wind generators. Humidity is just within the comfort zone all year long.
House:Reduxx Program The climate of this Northwest area presents some unique challenges while also providing some opportunities. Throughout the year and almost all day, winds are coming from the Northeast and the Southwest simultaneously. However, the wind from the Southwest is prevailing from Lake Coeur d’Alene. This means that it would be cool wind in the summer and warm wind in the winter. This wind should be permitted throughout the year.
14
The Marceille cul-de-sac
15
12 Homes: Average 2,200 sq ft/home x 12 homes ≈ 26,400 sq ft Hamilton: Multi Level 1,850 sq ft 4 Bedrooms Addison: Two Story 2,434 sq ft 3 Bedrooms Cedar: Two Story 2,735 sq ft 4 Bedrooms Creston: Rancher 1,772 sq ft 3 Bedrooms Pinemist: Multi Level 2,244 sq ft 4 Bedrooms Bristol: Two Story 2,310 sq ft 4 Bedrooms
2.5 Bathrooms 2.5 Bathrooms 2.5 Bathrooms 2 Bathrooms 2.5 Bathrooms 2.5 Bathrooms
Living Den and Loft Den, Loft, and Dining Dining Dining & Living Den
House:Redux Program There are many adaptations to be designed. The main being: shading devices for all windows (if needed), water collection systems, solar arrays that account for specific energy loads (both energy and water), alterations to the current heating and cooling systems, finished rooms to replace all or part of the garages, and add sun spaces in appropriate locations to reduce heat gains and heat losses. 16
17
House:Redux Program These are some of the twelve homes located within the chosen site. Two of the homes are duplicated and all are situated at least 20 feet off the road with a front garage. None of these houses are designed significantly different for different orientations. All the walls and windoes are similar disregarding which way it faces.
18
19
House:Redux Preliminary Design These are some of the twelve homes located within the chosen site. Two of the homes are duplicated and all are situated at least 20 feet off the road with a front garage. None of these houses are designed significantly different for different orientations. All the walls are similar and aren’t designed differently due to orientation or site issues.
Wind is a heavy concern for this project, there are few trees for protection and moderate winds from multiple direceitons. Exploring how the wind might move through the homes gives insight to what should be done to the buildings. Considering the exterior spaces also is a concern. using trees to block the back yards from this wind and push it up and over the buildings improves the outdoor spaces.
2 20
21
House:Redux Preliminary Design Trees not only add a much needed traditional quality to these sterile developments but are an effective wind block. Placing them along the fences allows for a calm back yard by pushing the wind upward over the roofs of these homes. Shade becomes a nice commodoty too on the Northern lots during the summer but not the winter.
22
North walls Hardly gets any direct sunlight= never any heat gain In a predominately cool climate, windows facing North only lose heat At least have movable insulation on these windows for winter time • can be used for venting in short summer all openings on this facade need to be small No need for shading East walls Not a lot of heat gain with the direct morning light Glare is an issue with the low sun angle Most of the chosen houses are aligned East and West of each other, so they are blocked of this light until about 8:30am summer time South walls Maximize glazing on South. clerestories deepen light penetration Create sunspaces • Form vestibule at entrances to reduce infiltration • Provides opportunities for foliage and growing food • Comfortable space in winter sunlight • Allow to be shaded in summer
23
West walls Protect openings from hot summer evening sun Again, many homes are protected by other houses from this light. Vertical louvers work best. Maybe create some kind of screen that blocks most of the direct light
House:Redux Schematic Design
Entrances Sun space on back doors Fairly cloudy climate, but still will gather heat Predominately heat required climate, sun space would provide much of the heat load for home, and soften temp swing Enclose main entrance porch lowers infiltration of cold air
The design of specific elements of a building should vary depending on their orientation. Windows for instance need to be shaded from direct sun light, and depening on which way they face, methods of shading them vary greatly. A set of guidlines was created to aid in the design of the adaptations. They layout the best texhniques for each wall orientation to improve the efficiency of the home . 24
Shading Devices:
255
By using the sun angle from 9 AM to 3 PM for the 47o Latitude the size of each shading louver and the spacing between each could be calculated. A couple different arrangements were tried to realize their practicality and aesthetic quality. They were tested with a light at the appropriate angle to simulate the sunlight.
July 12 PM: No Shading
January 12 PM: No Shading
July 12 PM: Overhang Louvers
January 12 PM: Overhang Louvers January 12 PM: Horizontal Louvers
Specifics became an important step at this point to move forward in the design. A lighting test model was built of a typical 15’ x 20’ room with a 9’ ceiling height. A window was cut out of one side to determine dimensions of shading louvers and the best type.
July 12 PM: Horizontal Louvers
House:Redux Schematic Design
26 26
South Wall System
27
As the project design progressed, details were developed . These details show how the individual designs are composed and built. Many of these were to be designed for the final thesis design.
This system is an all in one package. The design increases the glazing on the South wall yet is shaded with specifically tapered horizontal shading louvers that block the direct light and indirectly reflect it deep into the space. These louvers allow direct light to September 3 PM
House:Redux South Wall System
June 3 PM penetrate deep into the room in the winter. There is also an exposed clerestory window with a light shelf that reflects the light deep into the space illuminating the ceiling and can serve as a shelf for plants or various items. A half height trombe wall also heats the space in the winter and at night along with providing a shelf and a bench to add comfort. December 11 AM
June 12 PM South Wall System:
288
29
House:Redux South Wall System These renderings show the system within the context of one of the homes within the site chosen. Not only is the light more even and better quality, there is much more character to the room while adding usable shelf space.
30
HEED Findings: The third scheme is set to represent one of the 12 homes chosen as it is built with no modifications. Scheme four represents the same home yet with the South wall system in the settings. The short trombe wall, the shaded windows and the clerestories are all set into the numbers of program. It is apparent by the numbers that the system is in fact working; the savings, however, are quite small. For such a significant alteration that would cost a large sum, the payback of this system is just too slow. In the spirit of the original proposal, the alterations were meant to be feasible and cost effective. Without this, there is no way to justify these modifications. In order to convince the homeowners of the benefits, the project has to be worthwhile with a certain substantial payback.
31
The goals were not being met with the current course of action; something needed to change. After scrutinizing the current design, a far less architectural solution was decided which became much more successful.
House:Redux Testing the Design The South wall system was then tested for it’s performance in HEED. HEED is a program that allows a user to input all the data about a specific house to determine the energy use. Alterations can then be entered to attempt to improve the performance and lower the resources needed to sustain the home.
32
The current numbers: As the years have passed, bills get more and more expensive. Today, everyone is looking for ways to lower those bills. The average American suburban home uses tens of thousands of gallons of water and thousands of kWh of energy a year, and that is just inside the home! The faucets, toilets, showers, and all the appliances provided to the homeowner have always been designed without efficiency in mind. Until now. Companies like Energy Star have made their place in todays code in many cities around the country. The government has mandated all new toilets installed have an average rating of 1.6 gallons per flush or less. There are frequently government insentives for buyiing appliances and fixtures that are Energy Star or Water Sense rated. The buyer can often get a government rebate to help pay for and encourage the purchase of green products. Spending about $100 on a new showerhead and a couple sink aerators, thousands of gallons and hundreds of kWh can be saved. These saving make for a speedy payback of that initial amount spent to buy the new fixtures. The new approach will look at several simple things around the house and calculations will be made to determine the specific amounts of savings that can be achieved by switching to efficient models of these items. By using Microsoft Excel’s advanced equation ability, several calculating engines were constructed. With the input of a few numbers by the user of the program, they user can instantly see the saving they specifically could achieve by switching to these items. This instant reveal is powerful and is exactly the kind of tool that convinces people. 33
Energy Star Washing Machine: 18 Gallons/Load
Energy Star Refrigerator: 500 kWh/year
Low Flow Toilet: 1.1 GPF
Compact Flourescent Lightbulb: 13 Watt
Sink Aerator: 1 GPM
Simple and very effective changes need to be made to not the house itself, but what is inside the house. Without sacrificing the consuming way of life, a few things need to be switched out for new items. By simply switching water fixtures inside the bathroom and kitchen or installing new appliances there can be achieved savings the home owner and our future generations can appreciate.
Showerhead: 1.5 GPM
House:Redux[Redux] The New Design
34
Step 1: Resident(s) Shower Usage Resident 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mins per shower
# Showers Total Time per per day day
1 1 1 0 0 0
10 10 5 0 0 0
0.67 0.00067
Gal. per day
10 10 5 0 0 0
Price of Water per 1000 Gal. Price per Gallon
Gallons per day per person
This block calculates savings from lowͲflow and ultraͲlow flow showerheads based upon minutes used by each occupant
$ per day
Gal. per Month $ per Month
Gal. per Year $ per Year
Regular Showerhead (4.5gpm)
45 45 22.5 0 0 0 112.5 0.075375
3375 2.26125
40500 27.135
Regular LowͲFlow Showerhead Showerhead (8gpm) (1.6gpm) to to to to to to to to
to to
to to
LowͲFlow Showerhead (2.5gpm)
UltraͲLow Showerhead (.8gpm)
UltraͲLow Showerhead (1.5gpm)
8 8 4 0 0 0 20 0.0134
to
80 80 40 0 0 0 200 0.134
16 16 8 0 0 0 40 0.0268
to
to
25 25 12.5 0 0 0 62.5 0.041875
to
15 15 7.5 0 0 0 37.5 0.025125
Gal. per day Saved
160
to
50
180
to
75
$ per day Saved
0.1072
to
0.0335
0.1206
to
0.05025
6000 4.02
1200 0.804
to
600 0.402
to
to
1875 1.25625
to
1125 0.75375
Gal per Month Saved $ per Month Saved
4800
to
1500
5400
to
2250
3.216
to
1.005
3.618
to
1.5075
14400 9.648 57600
to
22500 15.075 18000
7200 4.824 64800
to
13500 9.045 27000
38.592
to
12.06
43.416
to
18.09
80.00%
to
44.44%
90.00%
to
66.67%
72000 48.24 Gal per Year Saved $ per Year Saved % per Year Saved
to to to to to to
to to
to to to to to to
to to
This is the first step in the showerhead calculator. Here, the user puts in the duration and quantity per day of each resident’s showers as well as the cost of water per 1000 gallons in their area. The engine then calculates the amount of water and the cost both used and saved over several durations for a regular showerhead, a low-flow showerhead, and an ultra low-flow showerhead. 35
Q=cmѐT Energy to Heat the Water 16.312319 28.99968 5.799936 9.062399 2.899968 5.43744 $ per day 1.0687831 1.900059 0.380012 0.593768 0.190006 0.356261
kWh per day
Price per kWh
kWh per Month $ per Month
$0.06552
kWh per day Saved
23.19974 7.249919 26.09971 10.87488
$ per day Saved
1.520047 0.475015 1.710053 0.712522
489.36956 869.9903 173.9981 271.872 86.99903 163.1232 32.063494 57.00177 11.40035 17.81305 5.700177 10.68783 kWh per Month Saved $ per Month Saved
kWh per Year $ per Year
695.9923 217.4976 782.9913 326.2464 45.60141 14.25044 51.30159 21.37566
5872.4348 10439.88 2087.977 3262.464 1043.988 1957.478 384.76192 684.0212 136.8042 213.7566 68.40212 128.254 kWh per Year 8351.907 2609.971 9395.896 3914.957 Saved $ per Year Saved
547.217
171.0053 615.6191 256.5079
Next, the user inputs the cost of electricity. This secondary engine calculates the amount of electricity it would take to heat all this water. Again, it outputs for each type of showerhead the use and cost.
% per Year
Step 2: LOWERED Resident(s) Shower Usage Resident 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mins per shower
Regular
1 1 1 0 0 0
5 5 5 0 0 0 Gal. per day $ per day
This block calculates savings from lowͲflow and ultraͲlow flow showerheads based upon lowered minutes used by each occupant
Gal. per Month Gal. per Month $ per Month
Gal. per Year $ per Year
House:Redux[Redux] Showerhead Calculator The Excel engines are very easy to use. The user simply inputs their own number into the red boxes only. With these numbers, the calculators automatically put out the amount of water and/or electricity per day/ week/month/year. Plus the savings achieved per day/week/month/year and the totals are graphed at the end.
Regular LowͲFlow Showerhead Showerhead (8gpm) (1.6gpm)
22.5 22.5 22.5 0 0 0 67.5 0.045225
2025 1.35675
24300 16.281
to to to
44.44%
90.00%
LowͲFlow Showerhead (2.5gpm)
UltraͲLow Showerhead (.8gpm)
4 4 4 0 0 0 12 0.00804
to
to
66.67%
to to to to to
to to
to to
UltraͲLow Showerhead (1.5gpm)
40 40 40 0 0 0 120 0.0804
8 8 8 0 0 0 24 0.01608
to
to
12.5 12.5 12.5 0 0 0 37.5 0.025125
Gal. per day Saved
96
to
30
108
to
45
kWh per day Saved
13.91985 4.349952 15.65983 6.524928
$ per day Saved
0.06432
to
0.0201
0.07236
to
0.03015
$ per day Saved
0.912028 0.285009 1.026032 0.427513
3600 2.412
720 0.4824
to
360 0.2412
to
to
1125 0.75375
to
675 0.45225
Gal per Month Saved $ per Month Saved
2880
to
900
3240
to
1350
1.9296
to
0.603
2.1708
to
0.9045
8640 5.7888 34560
to
13500 9.045 10800
4320 2.8944 38880
to
8100 5.427 16200
23.1552
to
7.236
26.0496
to
10.854
80.00%
to
44.44%
90.00%
to
66.67%
to to
37.5 0.025125
12 0.00804
to
$ per day
24 0.01608
22.5 0.015075
Gal. per day Saved
176
to
30
188
to
45
kWh per day Saved
$ per day Saved
0.11792
to
0.0201
0.12596
to
0.03015
$ per day Saved
Gal. per Month
720 0.4824 5280
to
1125 0.75375 2250
360 0.2412 5640
to
675 0.45225 2700
3.5376 8640 5.7888 63360
to
1.5075 13500 9.045 27000
3.7788 4320 2.8944 67680
to
42.4512
to
18.09
45.3456
to
21.708
88.00%
to
66.67%
94.00%
to
80.00%
43200 28.944 Gal per Year Saved $ per Year Saved % per Year Saved
Gal. per day
This block calculates savings from original showerhead with original minutes based upon the low flow showerheads and the lowered user minutes
to
# Showers Total Time per Showerhead (4.5gpm) per day day
5 5 5 0 0 0
80.00%
$ per Month Gal per Month Saved $ per Month Saved Gal. per Year $ per Year Gal per Year Saved $ per Year Saved % per Year Saved
to to to to to to
to to
to to
to to to
to to to to to to to
to to
to
to to
to to to
7.5 7.5 7.5 0 0 0 22.5 0.015075
1.809 8100 5.427 32400
This is a similar calculator, but instead, it is based off lower durations that the user inputs to see the quantity saved by shortening shower time.
Energy to Heat the WaterͲ Lowered Minutes 9.7873913 17.39981 3.479961 5.43744 1.739981 3.262464 $ per day 0.6412699 1.140035 0.228007 0.356261 0.114004 0.213757
kWh per day
kWh per Month kWh per Month $ per Month
293.62174 521.9942 104.3988 163.1232 52.19942 97.87391 19.238096 34.20106 6.840212 10.68783 3.420106 6.412699 kWh per Month Saved $ per Month Saved
kWh per Year $ per Year
417.5954 130.4986 469.7948 195.7478 27.36085 8.550265 30.78095
12.8254
3523.4609 6263.93 1252.786 1957.478 626.393 1174.487 230.85715 410.4127 82.08254 128.254 41.04127 76.95238 kWh per Year 5011.144 1565.983 5637.537 2348.974 Saved $ per Year Saved
328.3302 102.6032 369.3714 153.9048
Energy to Heat the WaterͲ Lowered Minutes Against Original 16.312319 28.99968 3.479961 5.43744 1.739981 3.262464 $ per day 1.0687831 1.900059 0.228007 0.356261 0.114004 0.213757
kWh per day
kWh per Month $ per Month
25.51972 10.87488
27.2597
13.04986
1.672052 0.712522 1.786055 0.855026
489.36956 869.9903 104.3988 163.1232 52.19942 97.87391 32.063494 57.00177 6.840212 10.68783 3.420106 6.412699 kWh per Month 765.5915 326.2464 817.7909 391.4957 Saved $ per Month
kWh per Year $ per Year
50.16155 21.37566 53.58166 25.65079 Saved 5872.4348 10439.88 1252.786 1957.478 626.393 1174.487 384.76192 684.0212 82.08254 128.254 41.04127 76.95238 kWh per Year 9187.098 3914.957 9813.491 4697.948 Saved $ per Year Saved
601.9387 256.5079 642.9799 307.8095
The lower boxes calculate the savings of the new minutes against the original to see even greater savings.
36
The savings are then added up by month to see the savings over any given period up to a year.
Water Usage over a Year Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
January February March April May June July August September October November December
Those additive amounts are then put into a graph for a more visual output and one can see the high percentage that can be saved.
Regular Minutes Regular Showerhead (4.5gpm)
3375 3375 6750 10125 13500 16875 20250 23625 27000 30375 33750 37125 40500
to to to to to to to to to to to to to
Regular Showerhead (8gpm)
LowͲFlow Showerhead (1.6gpm)
6000 6000 12000 18000 24000 30000 36000 42000 48000 54000 60000 66000 72000
1200 1200 2400 3600 4800 6000 7200 8400 9600 10800 12000 13200 14400
to to to to to to to to to to to to to
Lowered Minutes
LowͲFlow Showerhead (2.5gpm)
UltraͲLow Showerhead (.8gpm)
1875 1875 3750 5625 7500 9375 11250 13125 15000 16875 18750 20625 22500
600 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600 4200 4800 5400 6000 6600 7200
to to to to to to to to to to to to to
UltraͲLow Showerhead (1.5gpm)
LowͲFlow Showerhead (1.6gpm)
1125 1125 2250 3375 4500 5625 6750 7875 9000 10125 11250 12375 13500
720 720 1440 2160 2880 3600 4320 5040 5760 6480 7200 7920 8640
LowͲFlow UltraͲLow Showerhead Showerhead (2.5gpm) (.8gpm) to to to to to to to to to to to to to
1125 1125 2250 3375 4500 5625 6750 7875 9000 10125 11250 12375 13500
UltraͲLow Showerhead (1.5gpm)
360 360 720 1080 1440 1800 2160 2520 2880 3240 3600 3960 4320
675 675 1350 2025 2700 3375 4050 4725 5400 6075 6750 7425 8100
80000 Original minutes, regular showerhead
70000 60000
Original minutes, LowͲ flow showerhead
50000 Original minutes, Ultra lowͲflow showerhead
40000 30000
Lowered minutes, LowͲflow showerhead
20000 Lowered minutes, Ultra lowͲflow showerhead
10000
37
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
January
0
User Defined Showerheads
Here, even more personalizable, the user Flow Rate (gpm) 4.5 2.5 2.5 can choose the flow of their old showerhead Gal. per Day 112.5 62.5 37.5 $ per Day $0.08 $0.04 $0.03 and a new showerhead Gal. per Day Saved 50 75 to see exactly for their $ per Day Saved (Water) $0.03 $0.05 kWh per Day 16.31231875 9.062399 5.4374396 products how much $ per Day $1.07 $0.59 $0.36 they would save by kWh per Day Saved 7.249919 10.874879 $ per Day Saved (Electricity) switching to a more $0.48 $0.71 Gal. per Month 3375 1875 1125 efficient showerhead.
Payback Calculator Cost of New Showerhead Quantity of new Showerheads Pay back Time of new Showerhead cost (in Months)
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
January February March April May June July August September October November December
Regular Showerhead
4.5 40500 40500 81000 121500 162000 202500 243000 283500 324000 364500 405000 445500 486000
New New Showerhead, Showerhead Lowered Min
2.5 22500 22500 45000 67500 90000 112500 135000 157500 180000 202500 225000 247500 270000
2.5 13500 13500 27000 40500 54000 67500 81000 94500 108000 121500 135000 148500 162000
550000 Original Showerhead
500000 450000
New Showerhead
400000 350000
New Showerhead with Lowered Minutes
300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 December
October
November
July
May
June
April
0 August
$274.60 66.67%
User Defined Shower usage over a Year
September
$183.07 44.44%
$0.75 2250 $1.51 163.12319 $10.69 9787.3913 $21.38 13500 $9.05 27000 $18.09 1957.4783 $128.25 3914.9565 $256.51
March
Total Money Saved Per Year Total Money Saved Per Year
New Showerhead Lowered Min
February
The bathroom uses approximately 75% of the total indoor water. 41% going towards flushing the toilet and 33% towards bathing. Assuming the current toilet is a 1.6 GPF rated toilet, by switching to a dual-flush, toilet usage can be cut down by about half, as much as 20% of all indoor use. By switching from a 5 GPM to a 1.6 GPM showerhead, usage is cut down by 75%, or 25% of all indoor water use.
$2.26
$1.26 Gal. per Month Saved 1500 $ per Month Saved(Water) $1.01 kWh per Month 489.3695625 271.872 $ per Month $32.06 $17.81 kWh per Month Saved 6524.928 $ per Month Saved (Electricity) $14.25 Gal. per Year 40500 22500 $ per Year $27.14 $15.08 Gal. per Year Saved 18000 $ per Year Saved(Water) $12.06 kWh per Year 5872.43475 3262.464 $ per Year $384.76 $213.76 kWh per Year Saved 2609.971 $ per Year Saved (Electricity) $171.01 $ per Month
House:Redux[Redux] Showerhead Calculator
New Showerhead
January
Original Showerhead
Taking into account the above engine, ‘User Defined Showerheads,’ the cost and quantity of the 2 showerhead is input to figure the time it would take 4.3700253 to get the money back by the savings from switching. 50
38
Step 1: Sink Aerators
Gallons per week per activity
Highest Standard Efficiency Total Time Aerator (2.2 Aerator (1 per Week gpm) gpm)
Times per Day
Times per Week
1
5
35
35
77
35
Price per kWh
Wash Up @ Morning and Night
3
2
14
42
92.4
42
$0.06552
Wash Dishes
15
2
30
66
30
kWh per week
9.569894 4.349952
0
0
0
$ per week
0.627019 0.285009
0
0
0
kWh per day Saved
5.219942
0
0
0
$ per day Saved
$0.34 17.39981 1.140035 20.87977 $1.37 208.7977 13.68042 3.6804 250.5572 $16.42
Activity Hand Wash
Price of Water per 1000 Gal. Price per Gallon
0.67 0.00067
This calculator works the same way This block calculates savings acheived by installing a 1 gpm sink as the aerator on Kitchen and Bathroom previous engine. However, this sinks can customized and added to. In the activity column, the user could add their own actions that are performed in a sink to get the most accurate numbers.
Total Gals per Week Total $ per Week
235.4
107
0.157718
0.07169
$ Saved per Week Total Gals per Month Total $ per Month
941.6
428
0.630872
0.28676
$ Saved per Month Total Gals per Year Total $ per Year
Taking into account both the water and electriciy saved, the calculator shows that with these numbers, two $5 aerators would pay for themselves in only 6 monhs.
5136
7.570464
3.44112
$ per Month Saved
$ per Year
459.3549 30.09693
kWh per Year Saved $ per Year Saved
% Saved Overall
6163.2 $4.13
$ Saved per Year
38.27957 2.508078
kWh per Month Saved
kWh per Year
11299.2
% Saved Overall
$ per Month
513.6 $0.34
Gal. Saved per Month
Standard Aerator
kWh per Month
128.4 $0.09
Gal. Saved per Week
Gal. Saved per Year
39
Energy to Heat the Manual Dish Washing Water
Duration (minutes)
45.45455
Step 2: Payback Calculator Cost of Aerator
5
Quantity of new Aerator
2
Pay back Time of new Aerator cost (in Months)
5.840595
Highest Efficiency Efficiency Aerator (1
54.54545
Aerator Water Usage over a Year Duration Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
January February March A il April May June July August September October November December
House:Redux[Redux] Sink Aerator Calculator
Gallons per Month Standard Aerator
Highest Efficiency Aerator
941.6 941.6 1883.2 2824.8 3766 4 3766.4 4708 5649.6 6591.2 7532.8 8474.4 9416 10357.6 11299.2
428 428 856 1284 1712 2140 2568 2996 3424 3852 4280 4708 5136
According to the graph, by switching to an efficient aerator, the water used is cut down by about 55%. In a whole year, 8,000 gallons are saved.
12000 Regular Aerator 11000 Highest Efficiency Aerator
10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000
December ber
November ber
October ber
September ber
August gust
July
June une
May
April
March rch
February uary
0 January uary
The sink is a heavily used item in any home. That fact makes the sink a great place to improve and save. A $5 sink aerator is a very small cost to pay to save hundreds even thousands of gallons of water a year . If dishes are hand washed with hot water, even more money can be saved by having to heat less water to do so. The aerators can be paid back in less than 6 months.
40
Step 1: Light Bulb Usage Quantity of Fixtures
By switching to CFLs almost 80% of the energy used to light a home can be saved, and that can be cut in half if switching to LEDs. LEDs are far more expensive and don’t put out quite as much light, they use close to no energy. The CFLs pay back in about 2 months where as the LEDs pay back in about 4.5 years.
# of Residents Hours Lights used per Resident per Day # of Lights # of Porch lights on overnight (if not left on or none, set to zero) Hours Outdoor Light On
Cost per kWh
kWh using equivalent Bulbs Hours Lights On per day
Hours Lights On per day
60 Watt Incandescent
13 Watt Compact Flourescent
6 Watt LED
3
72
4320
936
432
9
540
117
54
8 3 1 9 0.06552
4860 1053 4.86 1.053 Daily $ 318.4272 68.99256 3.807 kWh Saved per Day 0.249435 $ Saved per Day 78.33333 % Saved per Day Monthly kWh 145.8 31.59 Monthly $ 9.552816 2.069777 114 21 114.21 kWh Saved per Month 7.483039 $ Saved per Month 78.33333 % Saved per Month Yearly kWh 1749.6 379.08 Yearly $ 114.6338 24.83732 1370.52 kWh Saved per Year 89.79647 $ Saved per Year 78.33333 % Saved per Year Daily Wh
Daily kWh
Step 2:
Payback Calculator
CFL
LED
Cost per bulb
2.49
49.99
Quantity of Light bulbs
15
Pay back Time of new Light Bulb cost (in Months) ( )
41
486 0.486 31.84272 4.374 0.286584 90 14.58 0.955282 131 131.22 22 8.597534 90 174.96 11.46338 1574.64 103.1704 90
1.182336 51.43004 Years 4.285837
Light Bulb usage over a year Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
January February March April May June Julyy August September October November December
60 Watt Incandescent
13 Watt Compact Flourescent
6 Watt LED
145.8 145.8 291.6 437.4 583.2 729 874.8 1020.6 1166.4 1312.2 1458 1603.8 1749.6
31.59 31.59 63.18 94.77 126.36 157.95 189.54 221.13 252.72 284.31 315.9 347.49 379.08
14.58 14.58 29.16 43.74 58.32 72.9 87.48 102.06 116.64 131.22 145.8 160.38 174.96
2000
1600
13 Watt 13 Watt Compact Flourescent
1400
6 Watt LED
1200 1000 800 600 400
December
November
October
August
July
June
May
April
March
0
Septemb‌
200
January
Good light quality is important in any space. Incandescent bulbs provide a very warm color of light to any home. These types of bulbs are about the least efficient bulbs to be using. There are many new bulbs on the market today that use far less energy. Compact Flourescent Lights (CFLs) are the most practical of any choice. A 13 Watt CFL puts out the same amount of light as a 60 Watt Incandescent.
60 Watt Incandescent
1800
February
House:Redux[Redux] Light Bulb Calculator
On top of these choices using far less energy, they also last for a very long time. CFLs are rated to last over 10,000 hours whereas Incandescent lights last only 2,000 at the most. LEDs are rated to last 50,000 hours, which means they will never have to be replaced.
42
Step 1: Toilet Usage g
preͲ1980
preͲ2002
2002 standard
5 gpf
3.5 gpf
1.6 gpf
Type of use
# uses per day
Liquid waste
15
75
52.5
Solid waste
3
15
10.5
Total Gal. per Day
90
63
0.0603
Total $ per Day Price of Water per 1000 Gal.
0.67
Price per Gallon
0.00067
Gal. Saved per Day against 5 gpf $ Saved per Day against 5 gpf Percentage Saved vs. 5 gpf
Again, a similar calculator, but there are many types of toilets to compare to. Indicated with a red bracket, section 1 compares all the toilets to the 5 gpf to see the saving achieved, Section 2 is referring to the 3.5 gpf toilet as the baseline and comparing all lower consuming toilets to that, Section 3 is comparing to a 1.6 gpf toilet.
43
HighͲEfficiency Dual Flush (1.6 or .8)
1.28 gpf
1.1 gpf
24
19.2
16.5
12
4.8
3.84
3.3
4.8
28.8
23.04
19.8
16.8
0.04221
0.019296
0.0154368
0.013266
0.011256
27
61.2
66.96
70.2
73.2
0.01809
0.041004
0.0448632
0.047034
0.049044
30
68
74.4
78
81.33333333
Gal. Saved per Day against 3.5 gpf
34.2
39.96
43.2
46.2
$ Saved per Day against 3 5 gpf 3.5 gpf
0.022914
0.0267732
0.028944
0.030954
54.28571429
63.42857143
68.57142857
77.14285714
5.76
9
12
0.0038592
0.00603
0.00804
20
31 25 31.25
50
Percentage Saved vs. 3.5 gpf
Gal. Saved per Day vs. 1.6 gpf $ Saved per Day against 1.6 gpf Percentage g Saved vs 1.6 gpf
Dual Flush Average Flush
0.933333333
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Total Gal. per Month Total $ per Month
2700
1890
864
691.2
594
504
1.809
1.2663
0.57888
0.463104
0.39798
0.33768
810
1836
2008.8
2106
2196
0.5427
1.23012
1.345896
1.41102
1.47132
30
68
74.4
78
81.33333333
Gal. Saved per Month against 3.5 gpf
1026
1198.8
1296
1386
$ Saved per Month against 3.5 gpf
0.68742
0.803196
0.86832
0.92862
54.28571429
63.42857143
68.57142857
73.33333333
Gal. Saved per Month against 1.6 gpf
1198.8
1296
1386
$ Saved per Month against 1.6 gpf
0.803196
0.86832
0.92862
Percentage Saved vs 1.6 gpf
20
14.0625
15.15151515
Gal. Saved per Month against 5 gpf $ Saved per Month against 5 gpf Percentage SSaved vs. 5 gpf d 5 f
Percentage Saved vs. 3.5 gpf
House:Redux[Redux] Toilet Calculator
Total Gal. per Year Total $ per Year
Reiterating that the toilet uses 41% of all water used indoors, the savings are astonishing: assuming the current toilet is a 1.6 GPF rated toilet, by switching to a dual-flush, toilet usage can be cut down by about half, as much as 20% of all indoor use. If the current toilet in the household is older and uses as much as 3.5 or 5 GPF, the savings double and triple.
32400
22680
10368
8294.4
7128
6048
21.708
15.1956
6.94656
5.557248
4.77576
4.05216
9720
22032
24105.6
25272
26352
6.5124
14.76144
16.150752
16.93224
17.65584
30
68
74.4
78
81.33333333
Gal. Saved per Year against 3.5 gpf
12312
14385.6
15552
16632
$ Saved per Year against 3.5 gpf
8.24904
9.638352
10.41984
11.14344
Percentage Saved vs. 3.5 gpf
54.28571429
63.42857143
68.57142857
73.33333333
Gal. Saved per Year against 1.6 gpf
2073.6
3240
4320
$ Saved per Year vs. 1.6 gpf
1.389312
2.1708
2.8944
Percentage Saved vs 1.6 gpf
20
31.25
41.66666667
Gal. Saved per Year against 5 gpf $ Saved per Year against 5 gpf Percentage Saved vs. 5 gpf
These are the same except they calculate the savings per month and year.
44
HighͲEfficiency
preͲ1980
preͲ2002
2002 standard
5 gpf
3.5 gpf
1.6 gpf
1.28 gpf
1.1 gpf
Dual Flush (1.6 or .8)
2700 2700 5400 8100 10800 13500 16200 18900 21600 24300 27000 29700 32400
1890 1890 3780 5670 7560 9450 11340 13230 15120 17010 18900 20790 22680
864 864 1728 2592 3456 4320 5184 6048 6912 7776 8640 9504 10368
691.2 691.2 1382.4 2073.6 2764.8 3456 4147.2 4838.4 5529.6 6220.8 6912 7603.2 8294.4
594 594 1188 1782 2376 2970 3564 4158 4752 5346 5940 6534 7128
504 504 1008 1512 2016 2520 3024 3528 4032 4536 5040 5544 6048
Toilet usage over a year Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
January February March April May June July August September October November December
Switching from a 1.6 gpf toilet to a dual-flush 4000 gallons can be saved at the numbers input in the red squares which is about a 3 person family. The graph show how little water the lower flow toilets use compared to older models.
35000
5 gpf 3.5 gpf
30000
1.6 gpf 25000
1.28 gpf 1.1 gpf
20000
Dual Flush (1.6 or .8 gpf)
15000
10000
5000
45
ecember December
ovember November
October
eptember September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
January
0
Step 2: User Defined Toilets Original Toilet
New Toilet
Flow Rate (gpm)
5
1.6
G l Gal. per Day
90 $0.06
28 28.8 8 $0.02 61.2 $0.04 864 $0.58 1836 $1.23 10512 $7.04 22338 $14.97 68.00%
$ per Day Gal. per Day Saved
$ per Day Saved (Water) Gal. per Month $ per Month
2700 $1.81
Gal. per Month Saved $ per Month Saved(Water) Gal. per Year $ per Year
32850 $22.01
Gal. per Year Saved $ per Year Saved(Water) % per Year Saved (Water)
House:Redux[Redux] Toilet Calculator
A quality low-flow toilet can cost as little as $500. This is a lot to spend, and with the savings, it still takes 33 years to pay back the cost of the toilet. In the totals at the end, things are so slow.
Step 3: Payback Calculator 1
33.41
Original Toilet
October November December
0
Decem…
September
5000
Novem…
August
Septe…
July
10000
October
June
15000
August
May
20000
July
April
864 864 1728 2592 3456 4320 5184 6048 6912 7776 8640 9504 10368
May
March
2700 2700 5400 8100 10800 13500 16200 18900 21600 24300 27000 29700 32400
New Toilet
25000
June
February
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
New Toilet
April
Month January
Original Toilet
30000
March
Gallons per month
Toilet Use over a year
35000
January
Pay back Time of new Toilet cost (in Years)
500
February
Cost of Toilet Quantity of new Toilets
Reiterating that the toilet uses 41% of all water used indoors, the savings are astonishing: assuming the current toilet is a 1.6 GPF rated toilet, by switching to a dual-flush, toilet usage can be cut down by about half, as much as 20% of all indoor use. If the current toilet in the household is older and uses as much as 3.5 or 5 GPF, the savings double and triple.
If dual flush is desired, use number in yellow box (I6)
46
Step 1: Refrigerator Energy Consumption The difference between a standard and Energy Star Refrigerator is not as significant as the other items, however, up to 33% can be saved in electricity. Again, the original fridge kWhs and the new chosen fridge kWhs can be input to get the specific savings. The cheapest Energy star rated fridge was about $1,300 dollars, which takes 80 years for the savings to pay back the original purchase cost. Not so quick, but again, when all the savings are combined in the totals at the end, payback is shortened drastically.
kWh used per year Cost per year
Cost of electricity per kWh
Standard
615 $40.29
Energy Star
500 $32.76
to to
590 $38.66
kWh per year saved
25
to
250
percent saved
4.07%
to
33.33%
money saved
$1.64
to
$16.38
to to
0.06552
750 $49.14
Step 2: User Defined Refrigerators fi
Original Fridge
New Fridge
kWh used per year
750
500
Cost per year
49.14
32.76
kWh per year saved percent per year saved money per year saved
250 33.33% $16.38
Step 3: Payback Calculator Cost of Fridge
1300
Quantity of new Refrigerators
1
Pay back Time of new fridge cost (in Years)
47
79.37
Gallons per month
Refrigerator Use over a year
Original Fridge
New Fridge g
Month
62.5 62.5 125 187.5 250 312.5 375 437.5 500 562.5 625 687.5 750
41.66667 41.66667 83.33333 125 166.6667 208.3333 250 291.6667 333.3333 375 416.6667 458.3333 500
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
January February March April May June July August September October December
800 Original Fridge
700 600
New Fridge
500 400 300 200 100
December
October
November
August
September
July
June
May
April
March
0
January
Most appliances throughout the home are running all year. For this reason, large saving could be acheived by switching to an Energy Star rated appliance.
November
February
House:Redux[Redux] Refrigerator Calculator
48
Step 1: Clothes Washer Usage Regular Washer (40 G per load)
Energy Star Washer (18 G per load)
80 160 240 0.16
36 72 108 0.07
11.60
5.22
0.76 Gallons saved per month
0.34 132
$ saved per month
0.09
kWh saved per month
6.38
$ saved per month
2880 1.93
0.42 1296 0.87
139.20
62.64
9.12
Percentage Saved per year
4.10 1584 1.06 76.56 5.02 55.00%
Approx. Annual Energy use (kWh)
350
120
Approx. Annual cost
$22.93
$7.86
kWh kWh saved per year d
230.00 230 00 $15.07
Wash Types
# per month
Warm Water
2 4
Cold Water
total gal per month total gal per month total $per month total kWh per month (to heat warm loads water) total $ per month
This calculator accounts for the water required per load, the kWh used per year, and the electricity required to heat the wate. In total, the combined cost of all the aspects can be reduced by over half.
total gal per year total $per year total kWh per year (to heat warm loads water) total $ per year
Gallons saved per year $ saved per year kWh saved per year $ saved per year
Step 2:
$ saved per year
49
Washing Machine Use Gallons per month Oi i l Original Washer h New Washer h over a year Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
January February March April May June July August September October November December
House:Redux[Redux] Washing Machine Calculator
3500
Washing machines have the potential to save even more money because they require electricity to run them, water heater demand which requires electricity, and water. Appliances have made large steps in designing products that do save those resources.
2500
240 240 480 720 960 1200 1440 1680 1920 2160 2400 2640 2880
Step 3: Payback Calculator
108 108 216 324 432 540 648 756 864 972 1080 1188 1296
Cost of Washer
600
Quantity of new Appliance
1
Pay back Time of new fridge cost (in Years)
98.73
Similar numbes as the refrigerator. It takes a long time to pay back the cost of a washing machine if relying only on it’s own payback.
Original Washing Machine
3000
New Washing Machine
2000
1500
1000
500
December
November
October
September
August
July
June
May
April
March
February
January
0
50
Total Amounts Saved Water Saved per Year Original Fixture(s) Usage Showerhead
Aerators
Toilets
Washing Machine
$27.14 40500 $7.57 11299.2 $22.01 32850 $1.93 2880
gal
gal
gal
gal
Total Gallons per 87,529.20 year (water)
Gal.
$15.08 22500 $3.44 5136 $7.04 10512 $0.87 1296
gal
gal
gal
gal
39,444.00
Gal.
Savings from New Fixture(s)
$12.06 18000 $4.13 6163.2 $14.97 22338 $1.06 1584 48,085.20
Total % per year of original fixtures (water)
100.00%
54.94%
45.06%
Total $ per year (water)
$58.64
$26.43
$32.22
Energy Saved per Year $384.76 5872.43475 Aerators $30.10 459.354896 Light Bulbs $114.63 1749.6 Refrigerator $49.14 750 Washing Machine $32.05 489.20 Showerhead
Total kWh per year (energy)
51
New Fixture(s) Usage
9,320.59
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
$213.76 3262.46375 $13.68 208.79768 $24.84 379.08 $32.76 500 $11.97 182.64 4,532.98
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
$171.01 2609.971 $16.42 250.557216 $89.80 1370.52 $16.38 250 $20.09 306.56 4,787.61
Total % per year of original fixtures (energy)
100.00%
51.37%
48.63%
Total $ per year (energy)
$610.68
$297.00
$313.68
gal
gal
gal
gal
Gal.
equal to
96
average hot tubs Approx.
500
gal.
With all the savings combined, a total of almost 50% of the water can be saved, and for a family of 3 about $32.
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
Energy savings come out to be 50% saved as well but totaling to over $300.
In today’s economy, saving $350 a year is a lot. Of course, it is a lot to commit to buying all these items all at once. Even if the homeowner bought all the items except the refrigerator and the washing machine, $300 dollars will still be saved a year, and the payback will drop to about 3 years.
showerhead
LowͲ
Ultra showerhead
December
August
October
November
September
showerhead
House:Redux[Redux] Total Savings Several of the items calculated showed extreme savings with a very fast payback time. The larger appliances are saving a lot, but their payback time is unconvincing. When all the savings are totaled together, the payback drops to under ten years length. All these items should last that long, the smaller cheaper items might not and those can be replaced.
In the spirit of the original goal: making alterations to the average home that are feasible, do-it-yourself, and has a quick payback, instead of altering the home itself (which is more of a second or third step), change what is in it. Changing fixtures and appliance has proved to save hundreds of dollars, tens of thousands of gallons of water, and thousands of kWhs. While of course a change in lifestyle is always first encouraged, making the changes this thesis proposes is a substantial compliment to improvements of lifestyle. 52
References: www.sustainablesuburbia.com http://zeta.math.utsa.edu/~yxk833/suburbia.pdf www.groovygreen.com www.thedailygreen.com www.oneplanetsutton.org/hackbridge www.solarpanelstore.com/ www.buildingsmart.com www.energy.gov/ www.showerheadstore.com www.askousa.com http://wattwatchers.org/Assets/kisp/incanvscfl.pdf www.bulbs.com www.homedepot.com www.besthomeledlighting.com www.ccrane.com www.solarhome.org http://evergreensolar.com/app/en/home/ www.kenmore.com www.electroluxappliances.com http://www.uswaternews.com/archives/ arcconserv/1wasmac10.html
53
House:Redux[Redux]
55