Industrial Site Redevelopment for Alternative Energy Industries, Flint, MI by Christopher Canna

Reuse of Underutilized Sites For Alternative Energy Industries: Flint, Michigan Presented to The Genesee Regional Chamber of Commerce By DPA, Inc. April 25, 2010

Acknowledgements

oozer Planning Associates would like to thank our client, Keith Edwards of the Genesee Regional Chamber of Commerce, for the opportunity to work with F lint, Michigan to contribute to the beginning efforts of a larger movement towards the economic revitalization in Genesee County. The following individuals provided guidance, information, advice and support throughout the course of this project. Thank you for all your help. Maria Arquero de Alarcon Taubman College, University of Michigan Cheryl Beard Battle Creek Unlimited Paul Coseo Taubman College, University of Michigan Glenda Dunlap City of F lint Deane Foote Foote Consulting Group, LLC

Ken Gembel Northwood University Christina Kelly Genesee County Lank Bank Authority Ken Koleda Genesee County Larissa Larsen Taubman College, University of Michigan Doreen Lowe City of F lint Megan Masson-Minock Taubman College, University of Michigan Steve Montle Cty of F lint Nick Rajkovich Taubman College, University of Michigan Megan Reichert Clean & Alt Energy Incubator, The University of Toledo Julie Steiff Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning

Table Of Contents Executive Summary

Underutilized Parcels Matrix

Current Conditions

Identifying Challenges to Redevelopment

Industry and Parcel Matrix

Identifying Parcels with Industry Needs

Limitations

Visions, Goals and Objectives Alternative Energy Site Requirements

11 13

Utility & Manufacturing Operations

Alternative Energy Industry Definitions

Alternative Energy Site Selection Needs

Industry Needs Matrix

Site & Building Requirements

Transportation Access Requirements

Regional Resource

Identification of Underutilized Sites

Method

Problems Identifying Brownfield Parcels

Parcel Identification Method Flow Chart

GIS Identification

Parcels with Redevelopment Potential

Underutilized, Vacant or Blighted Parcels

Results

Limitations

Marketing Recommendations

Target Industries

State and Federal Incentives

Web-based GIS Map Applications

Marketing Firm Contact Information

Sources

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D

200 Parcels in City of Flint Potential Alternative Energy Sites This map shows the 84 pDUFHOV optimal for alternative energy industries. A more detailed map identifying the SDUFHOV DQG OLQNLQJ WKHP WR VSHFLÀF alternative energy industries listed in a table is available in Appendix A.

§ ¦ ¨ 75

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Executive Summary

^MZ \PM XI[\ [M^MZIT LMKILM[ .TQV\ PI[ TW[\ I [QOVQÅKIV\ number of employers, which in turn has led to high unemployment levels and population decline. The Genesee County Metropolitan Planning Commission, in coordination with several other local and national institutions, created the Genesee County Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) in January 2010 as a step toward bringing employers back to Genesee County. The Genesee Regional Chamber of Commerce (GRCC) sent out a request for proposals (RFP) in January, asking for a plan to reuse underutilized sites in F lint for alternative energy industries. This project achieves the goals outlined in the RFP: Inventory larger vacant, blighted or underutilized commercial and industrial sites Identify assets and challenges for sites Identify alternative energy industries suitable for sites Recommend steps for attracting industries to F lint

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Alternative Energy Site Selection Needs Our analysis focuses on seven alternative energy industries: biomass, solar component manufacturing, solar farming, wind component manufacturing, wind farming, fuel cell manufacturing and advanced battery manufacturing. <PM ÅZ[\ [\MX \W_IZL JZQVOQVO \PM[M IT\MZVI\Q^M MVMZOa QVL][\ZQM[ to Flint was to analyze the site selection requirements for these industries. We determined eleven elements of site selection \PI\ _W]TL JM QUXWZ\IV\ \W QVL][\ZQM[ IVL _M QLMV\QÅML \PMQZ relative importance to each industry. The eleven site selection requirements are minimum site size, building class, existing utility connections, interstate highways, truck road class, rail service, incentives, manufacturing labor force, proximity to research institutions, proximity to raw materials, and proximity to markets.

Executive Summary

Our results showed that site selection requirements vara little from industry to industry. Access to utility connections, truck road class, rail service, manufacturing labor force, proximity to raw materials, proximity to markets and incentives _MZM ITT QLMV\QÅML I[ PI^QVO \PM [IUM TM^MT WN QUXWZ\IVKM NWZ ITT industries. This means that many sites will be equally suited to any industry. However, site needs can vary considerably from company to company within an industry.

Identifying Underutilized Industrial Sites Identifying suitable industrial sites for the alternative energy industries was a multi-step process. We used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze a database of parcels. The work consisted of two phases: identifying larger commercial and industrial parcels with redevelopment potential and identifying a subset of parcels that appear vacant, blighted, or underutilized. Phase one, identifying larger commercial and industrial parcels with redevelopment potential, consisted of six steps. First, we limited the database to parcels that were two acres or larger, as requested in the RFP. Next, we limited the database to only commercial and industrial land uses and removed churches, schools, cemeteries and other special uses. We also removed properties that are adjacent to residential properties, as well as XIZKMT[ QV \PM ÆWWL XTIQV IVL _M\TIVL[ ?M \PMV XMZNWZUML I visual survey using aerial photos and removed sites that were 6

obviously in current use. These steps left us with our parcel inventory. The next phase pared this inventory down to a list of optimal parcels. We began by removing sites where the owners are required by law to report activities related to hazardous and toxic substances. While this does not necessarily mean that these sites have environmental contamination, the likelihood of contamination is higher than on other sites. We then removed all sites not zoned for industrial development and all sites that are not along truck routes. This analysis left us with 84 sites optimal for alternative energy industrial development (See Map on page 0W_M^MZ I ÅMTL IVITa[Q[ _QTT JM VMKM[[IZa \W JM []ZM \PI\ MIKP site is suitable for industrial development.

Industry and Parcel Matrix The next step in our project matched each of the seven alternative energy industries with suitable parcels, based on the [Q\M [MTMK\QWV ZMY]QZMUMV\[ QLMV\QÅML L]ZQVO W]Z QVL][\Za VMML[ research. Most industries were suitable for all locations. Biomass, solar farming and wind farming have much higher acreage requirements, however, and need larger sites.

Recommendations In order to successfully attract alternative energy companies,

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Executive Summary

Flint should target the industries most suitable for the city, emphasize incentives, develop a web-based parcel database and PQZM I XZWNM[[QWVIT UIZSM\QVO ÅZU We sorted the seven alternative energy industries into top priorities, medium priorities and low priorities, based on how _MTT \PMQZ VMML[ UI\KP ]X _Q\P .TQV\¼[ I[[M\[ IVL PW_ JMVMÅKQIT they would be to F lint’s economy. The top priority industries are fuel cell manufacturing and wind component manufacturing. Kettering University provides a unique asset for the fuel cell industry. The University currently operates a Center for Fuel Cell Systems and Powertrain Integration and is considering building a hydrogen fuel station. Flint would also be an ideal location for wind component manufacturing, because of its proximity to several of the Great Lakes where there is currently an untapped opportunity for offshore wind farming. The medium priority industries, biomass production, advanced battery manufacturing, and solar component manufacturing, are all well suited for Flint. However, each has limitations that may reduce its suitability. Biomass plants only produce an average of 35 jobs, the market for advanced battery manufacturing may be saturated and solar component manufacturing is already well established in nearby cities.

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Solar farming and wind farming were designated low priority industries because solar radiation and wind levels in Genesee County are too low to make these forms of energy costcompetitive with coal. After identifying target industries, we recommend that Flint WNÅKQIT[ ZM[MIZKP [\I\M IVL NMLMZIT QVKMV\Q^M[ IQUML I\ IT\MZVI\Q^M energy companies. Incentives are particularly important for alternative energy companies, because much of their technology is in the early stages of development. Therefore a marketing strategy aimed at these companies must include incentive information. We also recommend that Genesee County create a web-based GIS database of parcels suitable for development. A webbased GIS database would allow industries and developers to enter their desired site criteria and instantly receive results. Their results would be displayed on a map and would also show detailed information when clicked on. Battle Creek Unlimited is a local example of a successful web-based GIS database. 7]Z ÅVIT ZMKWUUMVLI\QWV Q[ \W PQZM I TWKI\QWV UIZSM\QVO [XMKQITQ[\ ÅZU []KP I[ ,M[\QVI\QWV ,M^MTWXUMV\ 1V\MZVI\QWVIT or Chabin Concepts, to create a marketing plan for the area. These specialists can create economic development plans, a branding strategy and/or a marketing strategy.

Buick City was once the center of Flint industry, providing jobs to tens of thousands of residents. Alternative energy industries like Fuel Cell Technology and Wind Component Manufacturing offer an opportunity to restore underutilized sites like Buick City to productive use and create new manufacturing jobs for Flint residents.

Current Conditions

lint, Michigan has experienced dramatic job loss and population decline since the 1970s, as major employers like General Motors have reduced operations, forcing people to leave in search of new jobs. Between 2000 and 2008 alone, Flint lost 12,000 residents, a 9.6% decrease.1

As residents and industry have left the city, their vacant homes and former factories have become daily reminders of the city’s past success and current challenges. Sites like Buick City, Chevy in the Hole and the former AC Delco Factory were once pillars of the community, providing jobs and a sense of identity for workers and residents alike. Despite their current condition, these sites have great reuse potential that could drive Flint’s economic revitalization. The Genesee County Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) proposes building on the city’s automotive past by attracting alternative energy industries. Similarly, Terry Everman, the chairman of the United Auto Workers’ (UAW) Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Local 599, has encouraged the union to consider wind and solar industries as automotive jobs disappear.2 Swedish Biogas International’s (SBI) biogas plant, currently under construction in Flint Township, is an inspiring example of the new manufacturing sectors F lint can attract. Unfortunately, industries like biogas have not produced the job numbers Flint needs to TW_MZ ]VMUXTWaUMV\ IVL OMVMZI\M [QOVQÅKIV\ MKWVWUQK OZW_\P The Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries project will help the Genesee Regional Chamber of Commerce (GRCC) and the City of F lint attract larger employers by identifying sites suitable for alternative energy industries and outlining elements of a marketing strategy for attracting them to the city. DPA believes the information contained in this report will provide a helpful starting point to attracting the employment and economic growth F lint needs.

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This postcard from the 1940s shows downtown Flint at the height of the city’s prosperity. By retaining existing businesses and developing initiatives to diversify its economy and create new jobs, Flint can thrive again.

Visions, Goals and Objectives

enesee County and the City of F lint established community visions, goals and objectives through the CEDS in March 2010 that guided DPA’s project for Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries.

Vision Re-establish and diversify Flint’s economic base and vitality, building on its core automotive-related competencies while shifting to emerging industries. The city will retain existing businesses and develop new initiatives to create jobs and diversify its economy.1

Goals and Objectives Goal One: Capitalize on F lint’s existing strengths by identifying assets that will attract new industries.2 Objectives" I 1LMV\QNa ]VLMZ]\QTQbML [Q\M[ KQ\a WNÅKQIT[ KW]TL market to potential investors. b) Inventory the main features WN QLMV\QÅML [Q\M[ NWZ UIZSM\QVO KIUXIQOV

generation, renewable energy component manufacturing as well as evolving automotive applications to diversify the economy of Flint.3 Objectives: a) Identify the site needs of alternative energy industries such as acreage, infrastructure and other resources. J 7]\TQVM [\MX[ \W UIZSM\ QLMV\QÅML [Q\M[ \W IT\MZVI\Q^M energy industries based on their needs. Goal Three: Bring job opportunities to Flint that will target M`Q[\QVO ZM[QLMV\[ I[ XZQWZQ\a JMVMÅKQIZQM[ IVL PMTX KZMI\M ! new jobs in Genesee County over the next 12 years.4 Objectives: a) Provide information about alternative energy QVL][\Za RWJ[ \PI\ _QTT PMTX KQ\a WNÅKQIT[ \IZOM\ QVL][\ZQM[ Å\\QVO .TQV\¼[ [SQTTML UIV]NIK\]ZQVO _WZSNWZKM J 1LMV\QNa \PM number of jobs alternative energy industries could provide \W PMTX KQ\a WNÅKQIT[ \IZOM\ QVL][\ZQM[ _Q\P \PM TIZOM[\ RWJ growth potential.

Goal Two: Attract emerging industries in renewable energy

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Vestasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; wind turbine blade factory in Windsor, CO, opened in 2008, is expected to produce blades for 600 turbines a year and create thousands of new jobs.

Alternative Energy Site Selection Requirements

n accordance with the request for proposals (RFP) from the GRCC, we investigated the site selection needs of alternative energy industries. We narrowed our focus to seven industries: biomass, solar component manufacturing, solar farming, wind component manufacturing, wind farming, fuel cell technology and advanced battery technology. Solar, wind and biomass _MZM [XMKQÅKITTa UMV\QWVML QV \PM :.8 1V ILLQ\QWV _M ILLML fuel cells and advanced battery technology. These industries correspond with the target industries outlined in CEDS and are all eligible for incentives from the State of Michigan and the Federal Government.

operations. Manufacturing operations, on the other hand, build components and systems needed for utility operations. These two alternative energy sub-sectors have different site location requirements. Utility operations typically require much more land than manufacturing operations and employ far fewer workers.

Alternative Energy Industry Definitions

Utility & Manufacturing Operations

Biomass uses the energy from plants and plant-derived materials to generate fuels, electricity and other products traditionally made from fossil fuels. Potential biomass sources include food crops, grassy or woody plants, algae, organic municipal and industrial waste and residues from agriculture or forestry.1

Alternative energy industries are divided into two sub-sectors: utility operations and manufacturing operations. Utility operations generate energy directly for consumption by homes, businesses or vehicles. Solar farming, wind farming and biomass production are all examples of alternative energy utility

Solar Technology uses the sun’s energy to generate electricity or heat for homes, businesses and industries. Photovoltaic (PV) technology converts the sun’s energy into electricity using solar cells, also called PV cells. Thermal technologies convert the sun’s

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Alternative Energy Site Requirements

Alternative Energy Site Selection Needs Transportation Access Requirements

Site Requirements

Regional Resource Requirements

Industry

Minimum Acreage

Building Class

Existing Utilities

Interstate Higways

Truck Road Class

Rail Service

Incentives

Advanced Battery Technology

15+

Special Use

Fuel Cells

Special Use

Solar Component Manufacturing

Special Use

Wind Component Manufacturing

Special Use

Biomass Production

30+

Special Use

Solar Farming

40+

None

Wind Farming

50+

None

Mfg. Labor Research Force Institutions

Raw Materials

Markets

7KLV WDEOH LGHQWLĂ&#x20AC;HV WKH VLWH VHOHFWLRQ QHHGV RI DOWHUQDWLYH HQHUJ\ FRPSDQLHV and ranks them by their relative importance: Very Important (VI) or Desirable (D). Categories ranked Very Important take priority over those marked Desirable.

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Alternative Energy Site Requirements

energy into heat and are typically used to generate hot water.2 Solar Component Manufacturing creates the components and systems used to collect the sun’s energy to generate electricity or heat. Solar Farming harvests the sun’s energy at a large scale to create electricity or heat for distribution as a public utility. Wind Technology captures the wind’s energy using propellerlike blades attached to a generator that produces electricity as the wind spins the blades. Wind technology can be used for standalone applications like powering a water pump, or for largescale utility applications. Wind Component Manufacturing creates the components and systems used to collect wind energy. Wind Farming harvests the wind’s energy at a large scale to create electricity for distribution as a public utility.3 Fuel Cell Technology produces electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen rather than combustion. It is primarily used as an alternative to transportation fuels, however, it can also act as a general energy carrier similar to a battery and can store energy from intermittent renewable energy sources like wind and solar.4 Advanced Battery Technologies draw energy from the electric grid to power battery-operated vehicles. They can also be used in combination with a traditional internal combustion engine to power hybrid vehicles. By utilizing electricity, these

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

advanced batteries eliminate or greatly reduce the need for petroleum-fueled internal combustion engines.5

Industry Needs Matrix The site selection needs of alternative energy industries are not K]ZZMV\Ta _MTT LMÅVML L]M \W \PM ZIXQL XIKM WN QVVW^I\QWV IVL large number of competing technologies within each sector. We were able to determine common needs, however, by interviewing industry experts and reviewing literature on sites recently selected by alternative energy companies. The Alternative Energy Industry Needs table on the opposite page provides a breakdown of alternative energy site requirements, transportation access requirements and regional resource requirements. These categories represent the major elements that alternative energy companies look for when choosing a site for their operations. The industry needs table distinguishes between requirements that are very important (VI) and desirable (D). Requirements marked very important are priority needs for companies. Requirements marked desirable are non-essential but would strengthen the appeal of a site for companies.

Site & Building Requirements Minimum acreage requirements ZMÆMK\ \PM IKZMIOM VMMLML Ja \PM [UITTMZ ÅZU[ QV MIKP QVL][\Za 5IVa KWUXIVQM[

Alternative Energy Site Requirements

_QTT ZMY]QZM UWZM [WUM\QUM[ [QOVQÅKIV\Ta UWZM IKZMIOM \PIV the amount shown in the table, depending on the scale of \PMQZ WXMZI\QWV WZ \PM [XMKQÅK KWUXWVMV\[ \PMa UIV]NIK\]ZM Also, smaller companies may desire sites larger than currently needed to provide room for expansion. The minimums provide I [\IZ\QVO XWQV\ NWZ QLMV\QNaQVO []Q\IJTM [Q\M[ \PI\ KIV JM ZMÅVML _PMV UIZSM\QVO .TQV\ \W [XMKQÅK KWUXIVQM[

Transportation Access Requirements

An important distinction is clear between the acreage requirements of utility-scale operations and those of manufacturing operations. Solar farming, wind farming and biomass production have much higher minimum acreages: 40, 50, and 30 acres respectively.6 Manufacturing operations can have sites ranging from 2 to 300 acres.7

Access to interstate highways within a metropolitan area is essential for alternative energy manufacturers who need to be able to receive raw materials and ship products to markets Y]QKSTa IVL MNÅKQMV\Ta )TT UIV]NIK\]ZMZ[ ZMOIZLTM[[ WN \PMQZ scale, need access to truck shipping routes. Alternative energy ]\QTQ\a WXMZI\QWV[ IT[W ÅVL Y]QKS IKKM[[ \W QV\MZ[\I\M PQOP_Ia[ desirable but may locate on remote sites if they provide better access to resources like higher wind speeds.9

Building requirements for alternative energy companies IZM KTI[[QÅML I[ [XMKQIT ][M JMKI][M \PMa IZM PQOPTa [XMKQÅK IVL depend on the technology a company employs. Most alternative MVMZOa KWUXIVQM[ _W]TL PI^M \W [QOVQÅKIV\Ta ZM\ZWÅ\ IV M`Q[\QVO building in order to meet their requirements. As a result, many companies choose to build new facilities tailored to their individual needs.8 Solar and wind farming require an open site. Therefore, sites without buildings are preferable.

Truck-grade road classes must connect any site an alternative energy company locates on with an interstate highway system to readily receive raw materials and ship products. Truck access is also essential for utility operations, because large components like wind turbines and solar arrays need to be placed on site and accessed for maintenance.

Rail access is desirable for alternative energy companies, particularly for those using large components like wind towers \PI\ KIV JM LQNÅK]T\ \W \ZIV[XWZ\ ^QI PQOP_Ia 5IVa KWUXIVQM[ do not have operations large enough to consistently utilize rail, however. Therefore, access to rail service is not essential, though it may be desirable for companies that plan on scaling up operations.10

Existing Utility Connections are desirable because they lower infrastructure development costs.

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Alternative Energy Site Requirements

Regional Resources Incentives are the most critical factor alternative energy companies consider when choosing a site. Alternative energy is a developing industry, and companies need considerable help from NMLMZIT [\I\M IVL TWKIT QV[\Q\]\QWV[ \W UIQV\IQV ÅVIVKQIT ^QIJQTQ\a and compete with traditional energy sources (see case study memo in Appendix D: Toledo’s Rising Solar Energy Sector). Access to a skilled manufacturing labor force is also very important for alternative energy industries. Many of the technologies and skills utilized in component manufacturing are derived from older industrial sectors like automobile manufacturing. Alternative energy companies, therefore, ÅVL Q\ ^MZa IL^IV\IOMW][ \W TWKI\M QV IZMI[ _Q\P IV M`Q[\QVO manufacturing workforce in order to minimize training requirements.11 Research institutions are very important for alternative energy component manufacturers given the high research and development requirements necessary to make these technologies more competitive and economically viable. Research institutions provide essential services and knowledge that help companies develop. Battery technology companies are an exception within the manufacturing sub-sector, however, due to their relative maturity.12

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Utility operations also desire locations near research institutions but may choose more remote areas if it is more important for them to locate near good natural resources. Proximity to raw materials is desirable for alternative energy manufacturers, but not essential, provided that a site has good access to national and international transportation routes that limit the costs of receiving these materials. Raw materials QVKT]LM UI\MZQIT[ ][ML \W UIV]NIK\]ZM ÅVQ[PML OWWL[ I[ _MTT as natural resources such as sunlight. Alternative energy utility operators prefer to locate in areas with good natural resources, but local, state and federal incentives can make less-thanideal sites viable and may tip the balance when all factors are considered.13 Proximity to markets is also desirable for alternative energy manufacturers and utility operators. For manufacturers, however, other considerations like proximity to research institutions and local, state and federal incentives are more important as long as sites have access to suitable interstate and international \ZIV[XWZ\I\QWV ZW]\M[ =\QTQ\a WXMZI\QWV[ IT[W ÅVL XZW`QUQ\a \W markets advantageous, but again access to transportation and high power utility lines is more important for delivering their ÅVIT XZWL]K\ 24

Context Map Flint, Michigan There

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Identification of Underutilized Industrial Sites

e generated an inventory of larger commercial and industrial parcels with redevelopment potential as a ÅZ[\ [\MX \W_IZL KZMI\QVO I /1; JI[ML QV^MV\WZa <PM QVKMV\Q^M[ XZW^QLML Ja \PM /MVM[MM +W]V\a *ZW_VÅMTL :MLM^MTWXUMV\ Authority (GCBRA) guided our methods of identifying JZW_VÅMTL[ *W\P \PM /+*:) IVL +-,; PI^M QLMV\QÅML \PM need for a web-based inventory for marketing commercial and industrial properties to prospective developers.1 This inventory will serve as a starting point to meet those goals. We started with a large number of parcels that are considered potential JZW_VÅMTL[ IVL ][ML IV Q\MZI\Q^M XZWKM[[ \W ZMUW^M ]V[]Q\IJTM sites. Sites that match the needs of the targeted alternative energy industries, described in the previous section, will be selected from this inventory (described in next section, Alternative Energy Industries & Underutilized Parcels Matrix).

Method To produce the inventory, we combined GIS data from multiple

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

sources with parcel data from the Land Bank and the City of F lint.2 The process involved two steps: 1) identify larger commercial and industrial parcels with redevelopment potential, and 2) identify a subset of parcels that appear vacant, blighted, or underutilized. This inventory can be used to produce additional information including spreadsheets and interactive maps for further site selection analysis. The inventory can be improved by combining UWZM LI\I ZMTI\ML \W XZWXMZ\a KWVLQ\QWV[ IVL KWVL]K\QVO ÅMTL investigations of the individual parcels. Appendix A shows the attributes included in the inventory.

Problems Identifying Brownfield Parcels 7]Z IVITa[Q[ _I[ O]QLML Ja \PM ;\I\M WN 5QKPQOIV¼[ *ZW_VÅMTL Redevelopment Financing Act of 1996 (PA 381), which authorizes 5QKPQOIV U]VQKQXITQ\QM[ \W KZMI\M JZW_VÅMTL ZMLM^MTWXUMV\ I]\PWZQ\QM[ J]\ KZMI\M[ [WUM LQNÅK]T\QM[ QV JZW_VÅMTL XIZKMT QLMV\QÅKI\QWV 3 PA 381 is the primary vehicle through which .TQV\¼[ /+*:) NIKQTQ\I\M[ JZW_VÅMTL ZMLM^MTWXUMV\ _Q\P

Underutilized Industrial Site Identification

Parcel Identification Method Flow Chart Â

Parcels greater Select than two acres

Commercial & industrial land Â use

Church, school, cemetery and other special use

Remove

Adjacent to residential land use

Remove

Intersecting flood plain & wetland

Clean up

Aerial photo & Clean up Google Streetview survey

Parcel Inventory

Remove

RCRA & TRI identified sites

Remove

Non-industrial zoning

Classify

Minimum acreage requirement

Truck route Requirement No

Yes Optimal Parcels Inventory

Remove from database

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Underutilized Industrial Site Identification

\WWT[ []KP I[ \I` KZMLQ\[ OZIV\[ IVL \I` QVKZMUMV\ Ă&#x2026;VIVKQVO 4 Â 1LMV\QNaQVO JZW_VĂ&#x2026;MTL XIZKMT[ ][QVO /MWOZIXPQK 1VNWZUI\QWV ;a[\MU[ /1; Q[ LQNĂ&#x2026;K]T\ JMKI][M 5QKPQOIVÂź[ JZW_VĂ&#x2026;MTL [\I\]\M would Â qualify Â almost Â any Â commercial Â or Â industrial Â property Â QV .TQV\ NWZ JZW_VĂ&#x2026;MTL ZMLM^MTWXUMV\ QVKMV\Q^M[ ) N]Z\PMZ complication Â is Â that Â information Â on Â the Â physical Â conditions Â of Â properties Â is Â limited. Â <PM 8) LMĂ&#x2026;VQ\QWV WN JZW_VĂ&#x2026;MTL Q[ UWZM Ă&#x2020;M`QJTM \PIV \PM \ZILQ\QWVIT -V^QZWVUMV\IT 8ZW\MK\QWV )OMVKa -8) LMĂ&#x2026;VQ\QWV _PQKP LMĂ&#x2026;VM[ \PMU I[ KWV\IUQVI\ML WZ XMZKMQ^ML \W JM contaminated, Â sites. Â Vacant, Â functionally Â obsolete, Â blighted Â and Â tax-reverted Â properties, Â as Â well Â as Â contaminated Â properties, Â are Â all Â eligible Â for Â the Â redevelopment Â tools Â outlined Â in Â PA Â 381. Â Any Â XZWXMZ\a QV \PM MV\QZM +Q\a WN .TQV\ \PI\ KIV JM KTI[[QĂ&#x2026;ML I[ I JZW_VĂ&#x2026;MTL _Q\P \PQ[ KZQ\MZQI Q[ \PMZMNWZM MTQOQJTM \W IXXTa NWZ 5QKPQOIV JZW_VĂ&#x2026;MTL QVKMV\Q^M[ The Â determination Â of Â whether Â a Â property Â is Â functionally Â obsolete Â WZ JTQOP\ML Q[ Ă&#x2020;M`QJTM IVL Q[ I\ \PM LQ[KZM\QWV WN \PM /+*:) which Â does Â not Â currently Â keep Â data Â on Â physical Â conditions Â of Â properties.5 Â Therefore, Â the Â main Â challenges Â of Â identifying Â XW\MV\QIT JZW_VĂ&#x2026;MTL XIZKMT[ ][QVO /1; IZM \PM TIKS WN I^IQTIJTM information Â about Â the Â physical Â condition Â of Â properties Â for Â identifying Â conditions Â such Â as Â vacancy Â and Â blight. Â To Â overcome Â these Â challenges, Â we Â used Â aerial Â photography Â and Â the Â Google Â Street Â View Â application Â to Â determine Â which Â of Â Flintâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Â larger Â Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

commercial Â and Â industrial Â properties Â appeared Â vacant, Â blighted, Â or Â underutilized.6 Â Â

GIS Identification Producing Â the Â inventory Â involved Â a Â two-step Â process: Â 1) Â identifying Â larger Â commercial Â and Â industrial Â parcels Â with Â redevelopment Â potential Â using Â the Â available Â GIS Â data, Â and Â 2) Â conducting Â a Â visual Â survey Â of Â these Â parcels Â using Â aerial Â photography Â and Â the Â Google Â Maps Â Street Â View Â application, Â shown Â in Â Appendix Â C, Â to Â determine Â which Â parcels Â appeared Â underutilized Â or Â matched Â the Â criteria Â of Â eligible Â properties Â outlined Â in Â PA Â 381. Â

Parcels with Redevelopment Potential <PM Ă&#x2020;W_ KPIZ\ WV XIOM QTT][\ZI\M[ \PM UM\PWL _M NWTTW_ML to Â produce Â the Â parcel Â inventory. Â We Â started Â by Â selecting Â all Â commercial Â and Â industrial Â parcels Â greater Â than Â two Â acres. Â We Â excluded Â smaller Â parcels Â because Â they Â have Â less Â potential Â for Â high-volume Â job Â development, Â and Â excluded Â residential Â parcels Â to Â minimize Â incompatible Â land Â uses. .ZWU \PQ[ QVQ\QIT Y]MZa _M QLMV\QĂ&#x2026;ML XIZKMT[ QUUMLQI\MTa adjacent Â to Â residential Â land Â uses Â and Â eliminated Â sites Â that Â could Â XW\MV\QITTa KI][M TIVL ][M KWVĂ&#x2020;QK\[ QN ZMLM^MTWXML .WZ M`IUXTM if Â parcels Â shared Â boundaries Â with Â large Â residential Â tracts, Â we Â excluded Â them Â unless Â they Â appeared Â large Â enough Â to Â allow Â for Â adequate Â buffering.

Underutilized Industrial Site Identification

Underutilized Parcels This map shows the 188 larger parcels determined by limiting the inventory to properties commercial and industrial reuse potential. These include parcels that appeared vacant, blighted, or underutilized in the aerial photo and Street View analysis.

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Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Underutilized Industrial Site Identification

.QVITTa _M M`KT]LML XIZKMT[ _Q\P [QOVQÅKIV\ XWZ\QWV[ WN \PMQZ IZMI TaQVO QV ÆWWL XTIQV[ WZ KW^MZQVO _M\TIVL IZMI[ ]VTM[[ \PMa _MZM ITZMILa QV\MV[MTa LM^MTWXML <PM[M [\MX[ ÅT\MZML W]\ XIZKMT[ that have major redevelopment challenges.

Underutilized, Vacant or Blighted Parcels Next, we determined which parcels were underutilized, vacant or blighted using aerial photography and the Google Maps Street View application. First, we surveyed the improved parcels to determine whether the buildings were actively in use or vacant. Improved parcels that appeared to have vacant buildings were kept in the inventory, while those that appeared currently active were excluded. If we were unable to determine whether buildings were vacant or active, the parcel was still included in the inventory. Additionally, we did not exclude improved parcels with large portions undeveloped, even if an active use appeared to be present. We erred on the side of inclusion so we would not miss any redevelopment opportunities. Finally, we performed a similar visual survey on all vacant parcels queried from the inventory. We eliminated those that appeared to have active uses such as cemeteries, parks, highway interchanges, and parking lots for active businesses or institutions. Additionally, we eliminated parcels unsuitable for commercial or industrial development due to awkward shapes.

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Results Our analysis produced an inventory of 188 parcels with commercial and industrial reuse potential. These include parcels that appeared vacant, blighted, or underutilized in the aerial photo and Google Street View analysis. The Underutilized Parcels Map on page 22 shows the spatial distribution of these parcels in F lint. Most of the parcels are distributed to the north and east of downtown along or near the Dort Highway corridor. Several parcels are also distributed south of downtown near the interstate highway interchanges.

Limitations Some parcels in this inventory are likely unsuitable for ZMLM^MTWXUMV\ WZ ]VKPIZIK\MZQ[\QK WN \aXQKIT JZW_VÅMTL[ However, the inventory serves as a starting point for initial site selection queries, and can be improved with additional data or ÅMTL QV^M[\QOI\QWV <PM QV^MV\WZa _W]TL JMVMÅ\ NZWU I Y]ITQ\a review by someone with knowledge of local real estate such as staff at the Chamber of Commerce or Land Bank. Considering 5QKPQOIV¼[ ÆM`QJTM JZW_VÅMTL LMÅVQ\QWV UW[\ WN \PM[M XIZKMT[ _W]TL Y]ITQNa NWZ JZW_VÅMTL QVKMV\Q^M[ QN \PMa _MZM \W JM redeveloped; however, the inventory would be more useful if we PIL KWVÅZUI\QWV WN _PQKP XIZKMT[ IZM IK\]ITTa I^IQTIJTM

Steel Winds in Lackawanna, New York is an eight tower wind farm built on a 30 acre, former steel mill site. The project has restored the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s image and represents a successful marriage of underutilized sites and alternative energy industries.

Alternative Energy Industries & Underutilized Parcels Matrix

PM ]VLMZ]\QTQbML XIZKMT[ _M QLMV\QÅML _MZM N]Z\PMZ ZMÅVML to locate optimal parcels for alternative energy industries JI[ML WV \PMQZ VMML[ :MÅVQVO \PM TIZOMZ QV^MV\WZa ZMY]QZML two steps: 1) identifying and excluding sites with challenges that could impede redevelopment, and 2) identifying sites that meet the minimum acreage and transportation needs of the target industries. The Industry and Parcel Matrix on page 27 shows the subset of inventory parcels produced by this process.

Identifying Challenges to Redevelopment .QZ[\ _M QLMV\QÅML XIZKMT[ _Q\P MQ\PMZ WN \_W XW\MV\QIT impediments to redevelopment and removed them from consideration. Perception of contamination _I[ \PM ÅZ[\ QUXMLQUMV\ _M QLMV\QÅML ;Q\M[ \PI\ IZM XMZKMQ^ML \W PI^M PIbIZLW][ WZ \W`QK waste contamination could pose legal problems for property owners and developers.

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

To identify properties that might have these obstacles, we downloaded two data sets from the EPA Enviromapper web portal and matched addresses from the EPA data to the parcel QV^MV\WZa KZMI\ML QV \PM ÅZ[\ XPI[M WN IVITa[Q[ 1 First, we matched addresses from the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) inventory to the parcels. RCRA ZMY]QZM[ NIKQTQ\QM[ \PI\ PIVLTM UI\MZQIT[ KTI[[QÅML I[ PIbIZLW][ or solid waste to report their activities to the EPA through state environmental departments. These activities include waste generation, storage, transport, treatment, and disposal. More detailed information from these facility reports is available on the EPA website (www.epa.gov).2 Next, we matched addresses from EPA’s Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) to parcels. The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA) requires facilities that handle certain toxic chemicals to annually report the locations and quantities of these chemicals to the EPA and state environmental 25

Industry and Parcel Matrix

Potential Alternative Energy Sites This map shows the 84 parcels optimal for alternative energy development. A more detailed version of this map that links parcels to the Matrix on page E\ 0DS ,' QXPEHU LV DYDLODEOH LQ Appendix A. The GRCC has also been

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Industry and Parcel Matrix

Industry and Parcel Matrix Map ID

Parcel Number

40-13-433-029 41-19-454-014 41-09-126-003 41-09-401-017 41-09-326-021 47-32-102-008 41-04-378-004 41-04-378-008 41-04-302-011 41-04-302-017 41-04-302-004 41-19-176-010 41-09-426-051 40-13-326-006 40-13-301-005 40-13-154-002 41-18-482-022 41-09-302-029 41-09-303-019 41-16-176-014 41-16-126-001 41-16-126-002 41-04-378-006 41-05-201-021 41-05-201-005 41-05-201-019 47-29-101-005 47-32-401-018 41-09-126-008 41-09-101-005 41-16-302-021 41-04-154-003 41-05-227-007 41-05-226-034 41-05-227-003 47-32-456-004 47-32-401-020 47-32-102-006 47-32-102-004 47-32-101-032 47-32-102-015 47-29-354-006 47-29-101-006 40-24-277-001

Address

0 ANN ARBOR ST 0 ATHERTON RD W 0 AVERILL AVE N 0 AVERILL AVE S 220 AVERILL AVE S 0 BOULEVARD DR W 2053 BRANCH RD 2115 BRANCH RD 2321 BRANCH RD 2427 BRANCH RD 2519 BRANCH RD 2701 CAMDEN AVE 120 CENTER RD S 0 CHEVROLET AVE S 0 CHEVROLET AVE N 0 CHEVROLET AVE N 1919 CLIFFORD ST 0 COMMERCE ST 0 COURT ST E 0 COURT ST E 3102 COURT ST E 3202 COURT ST E 0 DAVISON RD 0 DORT HWY N 0 DORT HWY N 0 DORT HWY N 0 DORT HWY N 0 DORT HWY N 1300 DORT HWY N 1300 DORT HWY N 1819 DORT HWY S 2700 DORT HWY N 3220 DORT HWY N 3401 DORT HWY N 3502 DORT HWY N 3705 DORT HWY N 4026 DORT HWY N 5000 DORT HWY N 5030 DORT HWY N 5125 DORT HWY N 5130 DORT HWY N 5200 DORT HWY N 6301 DORT HWY N 2452 FENTON RD

Zoning

Acreage

Advanced Battery Technology

Biomass

Fuel Cell

Solar Component Manufacturing

Solar Farming

Wind Component Manufacturing

Wind Farming

E G G F G E F F F F F F F G G G E G G F F F F F F E F F G G E G F F F E F E E F E E F E

5.6 11.0 5.6 12.2 15.7 3.7 3.1 3.8 2.1 2.9 2.8 7.9 3.7 2.8 9.2 17.7 7.7 3.7 5.1 30.7 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.1 3.7 4.5 5.0 11.5 64.1 68.5 3.2 4.4 4.8 12.3 2.4 3.7 2.7 2.6 4.2 3.6 8.1 5.1 10.8 3.0

N N N N Y N N N N N N N N N N Y N N N Y N N N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N

N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y N N N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Industry and Parcel Matrix

departments. EPCRA requires making data publicly available through the TRI.3 From the RCRA inventory, we matched 51 addresses to the QV^MV\WZa KZMI\ML QV \PM ÅZ[\ XPI[M WN W]Z IVITa[Q[ ?M UI\KPML 12 addresses from the TRI database to the inventory. Maps in Appendix B show the RCRA and TRI parcels. Due to potential legal problems and redevelopment impediments involved with these properties, we removed them from consideration for the subset of optimal sites for alternative energy industries. Current zoning was the second possible redevelopment impediment we considered. Requesting a zoning change is often a time-intensive process. We assumed that requesting changes from commercial to industrial zoning would be more time intensive, and that most parcels with commercial zoning would not be ideal for most of the target industries. Therefore, if parcels were not zoned for industrial use, we removed them from consideration.4

Identifying Parcels with Industry Needs For the second process of this phase, we selected parcels that meet the minimum acreage, utility and transportation requirements WN \PM IT\MZVI\Q^M MVMZOa QVL][\ZQM[ QLMV\QÅML QV \PM )T\MZVI\Q^M Energy Site Selection Needs table on page 14. First, we analyzed the water and sewer service available in Flint and determined 28

that the entire city has adequate access to sewer and water mains, as shown in the map in Appendix B.5 6M`\ _M KTI[[QÅML each parcel according to whether it met the acreage requirement for each industry. Since each industry requires truck access, we excluded any parcels that did not have frontage on one of the city’s truck route links.6 ?M I[[]UML \PI\ \PQ[ _W]TL N]TÅTT \PM interstate highway access requirements as well, since the truck routes link to the interstates within a reasonable distance in all IZMI[ WN \PM KQ\a .QVITTa _M QLMV\QÅML XIZKMT[ _Q\P IKKM[[ \W I rail spur.7 This did not factor into the suitability of parcels for individual industries, but we included this information because it will be helpful for further site selection analysis. The Potential Alternative Energy Sites Map on page 26 shows \PM ÅVIT QV^MV\WZa WN WX\QUIT [Q\M[ NWZ MIKP QVL][\Za ;QVKM ITT industries had the same minimum utility and transportation requirements, the primary variable determining site suitability is acreage. The acreage needs of the companies within these industries will vary based on the level of production and the type of components produced. Therefore, these are minimum acreage requirements. Eighty-four parcels match the minimum acreage requirements of the fuel cell, solar component, and wind component manufacturing industries. Sixteen parcels meet the minimum acreage requirements for the advanced battery manufacturing industry.

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Industry and Parcel Matrix

Ten parcels meet the minimum acreage requirements for biomass production. Six parcels meet the minimum acreage requirements for solar and wind farming.

Limitations There are a number of limitations associated with the RCRA and TRI data. These inventories are generated from facilities that are responsible for self-reporting their activities to state environmental organizations and the EPA. Reported activities do not necessarily result in contamination. The EPA also does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of these data. <PMZMNWZM \PM XIZKMT[ QLMV\QÅML NZWU \PM[M QV^MV\WZQM[ LW VW\ signal actual contamination at the site, but should simply serve I[ I »ÆIO¼ \W ITMZ\ ][MZ[ WN \PM LI\IJI[M \PI\ KWV\IUQVI\QWV Q[[]M[ UQOP\ JM XZM[MV\ .]Z\PMZ QV^M[\QOI\QWV WN [XMKQÅK ILLZM[[M[ KIV be done at the EPA website. We were unable to match many RCRA and TRI addresses to the inventory parcels. In most cases, this was because several larger parcels have multiple street addresses, but only one primary address is listed in the Land Bank parcel data. Therefore, some multiple-address parcels may be included in the EPA RCRA or TRI databases, but will not appear in the inventory we produced.

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

&RS\ULJKW FKLFDJRNULVWL $SULO ZZZ Ă LFNU FRP

Flintâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; reputation as â&#x20AC;&#x153;Vehicle Cityâ&#x20AC;? will be an asset for attracting alternative energy industries, but the city will also have to reinvent itself as it enters the 21st century economy.

Marketing Recommendations

lint has many strengths that make it suitable for alternative energy industries, including large amounts of vacant industrial land, access to interstate and international transportation routes and a skilled manufacturing workforce. Since many other cities throughout Michigan and the Midwest have similar assets, we recommend developing a marketing strategy to target the alternative energy industries particularly well-suited to Flint’s unique assets, such as its close proximity to Michigan’s offshore wind resources and Kettering University. The marketing strategy should emphasize available incentives with a focus on attracting industries with high job-creation potential. A comprehensive marketing strategy should include a web-based property information system to provide prospective investors with easy access to the real estate information necessary to facilitate site selection while promoting F lint’s real estate assets.

Target Industries We prioritized which alternative energy industries to target by placing each into one of three categories, “High Priority,” “Medium Priority” and “Low Priority,” based on how well .TQV\¼[ ]VQY]M I[[M\[ Å\ MIKP QVL][\Za¼[ VMML[ High Priority Fuel cell manufacturing is particularly well suited to Flint, because of fuel cell research at Kettering University. Alternative energy companies place great importance on proximity to research institutions when selecting sites. The Center for Fuel Cell Systems and Powertrain Integration at Kettering University, therefore, offers a unique resource F lint could leverage to attract outside fuel cell companies, or to develop homegrown ones. Wind component manufacturing is also well suited to Flint, because of the city’s proximity to Michigan’s offshore wind resources. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Marketing Recommendations

(NREL) ranks Michigan’s offshore resources as “excellent” or “outstanding.” F lint’s location just over an hour from Lake Huron, combined with its excellent highway and rail transportation options, would put wind component manufacturers in an excellent position to serve new markets throughout the Great Lakes.1

Kettering University. The Swedish Biogas plant currently under construction in Flint Township, in partnership with Kettering,

Medium Priority Advanced battery manufacturing would also be a good Å\ NWZ .TQV\ JMKI][M WN \PM KQ\a¼[ PQ[\WZa I[ IV I]\WUW\Q^M manufacturing center. In fact, Ford and Chevy have invested in manufacturing facilities in Genesee County that will build parts for their battery-electric car lines. In addition to Genesee County, the entire State of Michigan has seen a great deal of QV^M[\UMV\ QV IL^IVKML JI\\MZa \MKPVWTWOa _Q\P Å^M KWUXIVQM[ planning to open electric-vehicle battery plants in the next year, each of which is expected to generate 300-500 jobs.2

Despite these advantages, we categorized biomass as a medium priority because it generates few jobs. For example, a typical ethanol plant employs 35 workers and a typical biodiesel plant employs 12.4

,M[XQ\M \PM[M [QOVQÅKIV\ RWJ V]UJMZ[ PW_M^MZ _M []OOM[\ that Flint make advanced battery manufacturing a medium priority out of concern that rapid growth in the industry may be outpacing demand. Biomass power generation is also suitable for F lint because of its proximity to biomass fuel sources and biomass research at

will convert human waste into biogas. The plant serves as an example of biomass’s potential that could be expanded into other biomass fuels, such as corn. The NREL rates Genesee County’s biomass resources as “Good,” and the county could also exploit its proximity to the Corn Belt in Southern Michigan, Indiana and Illinois.3

Solar component manufacturing may also be suitable for Flint, because of its proximity to silica beds, which are required raw materials for the solar industry. Flint’s automotive history is an additional asset since much of the technology used to manufacture solar cells builds on automotive technology. We recommend, however, that Flint make attracting solar UIV]NIK\]ZMZ[ I UMLQ]U XZQWZQ\a JMKI][M Q\ NIKM[ [QOVQÅKIV\ competition from established solar cell clusters around Midland, MI and Toledo, OH. Both cities have assets similar to Flint, as well as research institutions dedicated to solar technology, such as Dow Chemical Company and the University of Toledo’s Wright

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Marketing Recommendations

Center for Photovoltaic Innovation and Commercialization. (see case study memo in Appendix D, Subject: Toledo’s Rising Solar Energy Sector, for example) Low Priority Solar farming has some potential in F lint due to state incentives for solar power generation. Solar farming in Flint would most likely be conducted on a small scale, such as providing power for [XMKQÅK J][QVM[[M[ WZ ZM[QLMVKM[ 5 We recommend, however, that F lint make solar farming at a utility scale a low priority. According to NREL, Flint’s solar isolation levels are among the lowest in the United States, making solar power generation uneconomical given current solar technology.6 Wind farming may also have potential on a small scale given state incentives. We recommend, however, that Flint make it a low priority. NREL ranks Flints wind levels as “poor” or “marginal,” well below levels typically needed to make wind power generation economically viable.7

State and Federal Incentives Incentives are essential for alternative energy companies, because most of the technology they employ is not economically viable without government support. A marketing strategy aimed

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

at attracting these companies should therefore emphasize local and state incentives targeted at alternative energy companies. The Genesee Regional Chamber of Commerce website details many of the general economic development incentives offered by the State of Michigan (www.thegrcc.org). The State of Michigan and the federal government offer additional incentives [XMKQÅKITTa NWZ IT\MZVI\Q^M MVMZOa \PI\ [PW]TL JM QV\MOZI\ML QV\W I marketing campaign aimed at bringing those industries to F lint.

State of Michigan 8 The incentives listed below are applicable to commercial and industrial sectors, unless noted otherwise. Nonrefundable Business Activity Tax Credit For businesses engaged in alternative energy research, development, and manufacturing Renewable Energy Renaissance Zones Facilities within a renaissance zone may avoid paying the Michigan Business Tax, state education tax, personal and real property taxes, or local income taxes. Refundable Payroll Tax Credit *][QVM[[M[ KMZ\QÅML Ja \PM 6M`\-VMZOa )]\PWZQ\a IVL TWKI\ML QV a NextEnergy Zone researching, developing, or manufacturing 33

Marketing Recommendations

â&#x20AC;&#x153;alternative Â energy Â technologies,â&#x20AC;? Â may Â claim Â a Â credit Â equal Â to Â \PMQZ Y]ITQĂ&#x2026;ML XIaZWTT IUW]V\ U]T\QXTQML Ja \PMQZ QVKWUM \I` rate Â for Â that Â year. Â The Â Michigan Â NextEnergy Â Authority Â (MNEA), Â created Â to Â promote Â the Â development Â of Â alternative Â energy Â \MKPVWTWOQM[ KMZ\QĂ&#x2026;M[ \PM MTQOQJQTQ\a WN \I`XIaMZ[ IVL XZWXMZ\QM[ for Â tax Â credits Â against Â the Â Michigan Â Single Â Business Â Tax Â (SBT) Â and Â General Â Property Â Tax Â exemptions. Refundable Â Photovoltaic Â Manufacturing Â Tax Â Credit Businesses Â engaged Â in Â the Â development Â and Â manufacturing Â of Â photovoltaic Â (PV) Â energy, Â PV Â systems Â or Â other Â PV Â technologies Â may Â claim Â a Â tax Â credit Â against Â the Â Michigan Â Business Â Tax. Alternative Â Energy Â Personal Â Property Â Tax Â Exemption Tax Â exemption Â to Â companies Â engaged Â in Â manufacturing Â or Â research Â and Â development Â of Â alternative Â energy Â technologies, Â including Â fuel Â cells, Â PV, Â solar Â thermal Â heating Â and Â cooling, Â wind Â energy, Â microturbines, Â miniturbines, Â Stirling Â engines, Â electricity Â storage Â systems, Â and Â clean Â fuel Â energy Â systems Â powered Â by Â methane, Â natural Â gas, Â methanol, Â ethanol Â or Â hydrogen. Â

Federal Incentives 9 U.S. Â Treasury Â Renewable Â Energy Â Grants Â Eligible Â technologies Â include Â solar, Â fuel Â cells, Â small Â wind Â turbines, Â Y]ITQĂ&#x2026;ML NIKQTQ\QM[ _QVL MVMZOa KTW[ML TWWX JQWUI[[ WXMV TWWX JQWUI[[ OMW\PMZUIT MVMZOa NIKQTQ\QM[ TIVLĂ&#x2026;TT OI[ \ZI[P Y]ITQĂ&#x2026;ML 34

hydropower, Â and Â marine Â and Â hydrokinetic Â renewable Â energy Â facilities), Â geothermal Â heat Â pumps, Â and Â microturbines. Advanced Â Energy Â Manufacturing Â Investment Â Tax Â Credit Â <I` KZMLQ\ MY]IT \W WN I Y]ITQĂ&#x2026;ML QV^M[\UMV\ ZMY]QZML NWZ IV advanced Â energy Â project Â that Â establishes, Â re-equips Â or Â expands Â a Â manufacturing Â facility. Â

Web-based GIS Map Applications In Â addition Â to Â emphasizing Â incentives, Â we Â recommend Â developing Â a Â web-based Â mapping Â application Â to Â provide Â real Â estate Â information Â to Â developers Â as Â part Â of Â a Â marketing Â strategy Â for Â F lint. Â Properties Â available Â for Â sale Â or Â lease Â from Â the Â inventory Â of Â underutilized Â commercial Â and Â industrial Â parcels Â could Â be Â QLMV\QĂ&#x2026;ML IVL UIZSM\ML WV \PM _MJ[Q\M A Â website Â could Â leverage Â the Â existing Â GIS Â assets Â of Â Genesee Â County Â and Â the Â City Â of Â F lint. Â GIS Â combine Â location Â information, Â including Â street Â addresses Â and Â coordinate Â systems, Â with Â other Â types Â of Â spatially-varying Â data, Â such Â as Â land Â cover, Â zoning Â class, Â and Â aggregate Â household Â income. Â Any Â data Â that Â can Â be Â referenced Â to Â a Â location Â on Â earth Â can Â be Â analyzed Â using Â GIS. Â Therefore Â it Â is Â a Â valuable Â tool Â for Â real Â estate Â analysis, Â and Â due Â to Â the Â high Â cost Â of Â acquiring Â the Â technology, Â Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Marketing Recommendations

many cities and economic development organizations are making the data publicly available online to encourage real estate investment. Web-based GIS applications allow organizations with access to GIS to share their data with developers or the public in general. These applications are becoming increasingly popular, as they allow anyone with internet access to interact with valuable data such as aerial photography, parcel boundaries and property information. Developers are becoming accustomed to accessing GIS property data to facilitate site selection. Therefore, cities that do not provide this data have a competitive disadvantage compared to those that do. A web-based GIS would simplify \PM M`KPIVOM WN XZWXMZ\a QVNWZUI\QWV VMKM[[IZa NWZ JZW_VÅMTL redevelopment, and propel investment by drawing attention to Flint’s real estate. Battle Creek Unlimited (BCU) GIS map application *I\\TM +ZMMS =VTQUQ\ML I VWV XZWÅ\ MKWVWUQK LM^MTWXUMV\ entity for the City of Battle Creek, Michigan, provides an online GIS map application that allows users to search for properties \PI\ UMM\ [XMKQÅK KZQ\MZQI WZ \W KWVL]K\ I OMVMZIT [MIZKP WN ITT available properties. The goal of the website is to provide as much property information as possible by linking the data to maps in an organized manner. The application has been extremely helpful for interested developers and prospective companies.10 One of the features of the BCU GIS application that is valuable

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

to real estate developers include the ability to query available properties based on site characteristics, such as acreage, zoning, and land cost. Users can also search for sites based on building characteristics, such as square footage and ceiling height. In addition to these valuable attributes, a host of other information, including assessing, utility, and terms of sale information, can be linked to each parcel in a user-friendly format. See Appendix C for a sample screen shot of the BCU GIS map application. Developing BCU’s GIS web application cost approximately $15,000 plus $650 per month in hosting fees. BCU worked with \PM +Q\a WN *I\\TM +ZMMS I[ _MTT I[ \_W XZQ^I\M ÅZU[ +-7 -`XZM[[ and Latitude Geographics, to create the system. Developing the application took about six months[CC1], but a similar project could be created in two or three months with dedication. Cheryl Beard[CC2], Technology Marketing Director of BCU, considers the GIS application necessary in order to remain competitive.11 Market Strategy Numerous communities around the country have hired marketing professionals to help them with revitalization, tourism, economic development, and branding. .TQV\ _W]TL JMVMÅ\ NZWU I UIZSM\QVO XTIV XZMXIZML Ja I marketing specialist. A plan with thorough research and recommendations would help market the city as an attractive

Marketing Recommendations

place to do business by presenting its assets to potential business investors in a comprehensive, easily understandable manner. If funds are limited, it may be best for Flint to start with a simple economic development strategy and perhaps expand to a larger XTIV QV \PM N]\]ZM QN IVL _PMV Q\ Q[ ÅVIVKQITTa IJTM \W LW [W :MKWUUMVLML UIZSM\QVO ÅZU[ IZM" Destination Development International is based in Olympia, Washington and has prepared several of the best city marketing plans. Destination Development International created a comprehensive Economic Development, Branding, and Marketing Plan for the City of Snoqualmie, Washington, including case history, return on investment data, timelines, N]VLQVO [WT]\QWV[ IVL [XMKQÅK ZMKWUUMVLI\QWV[ JZWSMV into the following categories: organizational, business attraction program, downtown revitalization program, community development initiatives, branding initiatives, and a marketing program. More information on Destination Development International is available at their website, www. destinationdevelopment.com.12 Chabin Concepts specializes in economic development, site location, and marketing—three important skills necessary to attract alternative industries to F lint. In 2008, Chabin Concepts prepared a Mid-Michigan Competitive Advantage Analysis for the counties of Bay, Midland, and Saginaw. 14 These areas are

very near F lint and share many of the same challenges. Chabin Concepts should be well-prepared to assist Flint after doing similar work in a nearby area. More information on Chapin Concepts is available at their website www.chabinconcepts.com. Marketek PI[ WNÅKM[ QV )\TIV\I /MWZOQI# 8WZ\TIVL 7ZMOWV# and Charleston, South Carolina. Limited information is available on its website, www.marketekinc.com; however, it has produced quality marketing strategies, and it may be worthwhile to contact the company to learn more. Marketek developed a Strategic Marketing Plan for the City of Castle Rock, Washington, which includes targeted research, a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis, a three-stage marketing plan with an implementation guide, and an implementation timeline and budget. This plan is less comprehensive than other plans available, but it covers the basics of F lint’s current needs. Flint might also take advantage of free marketing options available in the region. One of the business schools in the area would likely provide students to work on a marketing plan for free, either as a class project or as an internship. The University of Michigan-Flint and Ann Arbor both have marketing specializations in their Master’s in Business Administration (MBA) programs. Kettering University also has an MBA program but does not specialize in marketing.

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Marketing Recommendations

Marketing Firm Contact Information Destination Development International Contact: Becky Durkin Email: becky.durkin@dditeam.com Phone: 206-241-4770 Website: www.destinationdevelopment.com Mailing Address: 6840 Fort Dent Way, Suite 360 Seattle, WA 98188 Chabin Concepts Contact: Renee Stratton Email: renee@chabinconcepts.com Phone: 530-345-0364 Fax: 530-345-6417 Website: chabinconcepts.com Mailing Address: 2515 Ceanothus Ave., Suite 100 Chico, CA 95973 Marketek Phone: 404-522-2243 Fax: 404-524-9939 Email: info@marketekinc.com Website: marketekinc.com Address: 100 Waverly Way, NE Atlanta, GA 30307

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Ross School of Business Contact: Lisa Kozlo Email: kozlolm@umich.edu Phone: 734-763-9264 Website: www.bus.umich.edu/RecruiterInformation/ Mailing Address: 7NÅKM WN +IZMMZ ,M^MTWXUMV\ Stephen M. Ross School of Business 701 Tappan Street, K2336 Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1234 University of Michigan, F lint School of Management Contact: Doritta McDaniel -UIQT" LWZQ\\I(]UÆQV\ ML] Phone: 810-237-6680 ?MJ[Q\M" ___ ]UÆQV\ ML] [WU QV\MZV[PQX QV\MZV[PQX P\U Mailing Address: School of Management 3180 William S. White Building 303 E. Kearsley Flint MI 48502-1950

Appendix A

Sources Current Conditions

1 Bernstein, Robert, “New Orleans was Nation’s Fastest-Growing City in 2008 Population Getting Closer to Pre-Katrina Levels,” 1 July 2009, U.S. Census Bureau News, Available at http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/population/013960.html. .WVOMZ :WV ¹.TQV\ TIJWZ TMILMZ [Ia[ VM_ =)? KPQMN [PW]TL X]Z[]M RWJ[ QV VWV I]\W ÅMTL[ º 14 December 2009, Flint Journal, Available at http://blog.mlive.com/genesee-generalUW\WZ[ ! ÆQV\GTIJWZGTMILMZG[Ia[GVM_G]I P\UT

7 Reichert, Megan, Director, Clean & Alt Energy Incubator, The University of Toledo, interview with DPA, February 23, 2010. “Economic Development Impacts in Colorado from Four Vestas Manufacturing Facilities,” April 2009, U.S. Department of Energy, Available at http://www.nrel.gov/wind/pdfs/44620.pdf. “MHI to Build Wind Turbine Manufacturing Plant in Arkansas, USA,” 7 April 2010, JCN 6M_[_QZM )^IQTIJTM I\ P\\X" ___ RIXIVKWZX VM\ IZ\QKTM I[X')Z\G1,% 8 Foote, Deane, President, Foote Consulting Group, LLC, interview with DPA, April 1, 2010. 9 Foote.

Vision, Goals and Objectives

1 AECOM, ”Flint & Genesee County Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy +-,; º 5IZKP )^IQTIJTM I\ P\\X" ___ KW OMVM[MM UQ ][ OKUXK XTIV )-+75G /MVM[MMG+W]V\aG.QVITG.]TTG:MXWZ\G G G * , XLN 2 AECOM, 101. 3 AECOM, 100. 4 AECOM, 7.

Alternative Energy Site Selection

1 “Biomass Energy Basics,” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Available at http://www. VZMT OW^ TMIZVQVO ZMGJQWUI[[ P\UT 2 “Solar Photovoltaic Technology,” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Available at http:// ___ VZMT OW^ TMIZVQVO ZMGXPW\W^WT\IQK[ P\UT 3 “Wind Energy Basics,” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Available at http://www.nrel. OW^ TMIZVQVO ZMG_QVL P\UT 4 “Fuel Cells,” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Available at http://www.nrel.gov/ TMIZVQVO ML[GPaLZWGN]MTGKMTT[ P\UT 5 ”Batteries,” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Available at http://www.nrel.gov/ TMIZVQVO ML[GJI\\MZQM[ P\UT ¹<MKP ÅZU _QTT J]QTL UMOI_I\\ IKZM [WTIZ NIZU º .MJZ]IZa 8IKQÅK *][QVM[[ 6M_[ 0WVWT]T] )^IQTIJTM I\ P\\X" ___ JQbRW]ZVIT[ KWU XIKQÅK [\WZQM[ story7.html “Alternative Energy Index,” Cultural Change, Available at http://culturechange.org/wind.htm.

Calzonetti, Frank. “The Role of an Antecedent Cluster, Academic R&D and Entrepreneurship in the Development of Toledo’s Solar Energy Cluster” March 2007 available at uac.utoledo. edu/nwoerc/FCalzonetti-SolarEnergy.pdf. )aMM /TWZQI 5IZKa 4W_M IVL /IZa /MZMNÅ ¹5IV]NIK\]ZQVO +TQUI\M ;WT]\QWV[" +IZJWV Reducing Technologies and U.S. Jobs,” September 2009, Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness, Duke University, Available at http://www.cggc.duke.edu/environment/ KTQUI\M[WT]\QWV[ OZMMVMKWVWUaG+P G?QVL8W_MZ XLN 10 Foote. Ayee, 18. 11 Ron Starner. “Sun Shines Brightly on Toledo.” Site Selection, May 2009, 300-301. Foote. 12 Sarah White & Jason Walsh. Greener Pathways: Jobs and Workforce Development in the Clean Energy Economy (Madison, WI: Center on Wisconsin Strategy, 2008), 26, 38. 13 “Buffalo Niagara Wind Component Manufacturing Symposium,” 15 July 2009, KWR 1V\MZVI\QWVIT 1VK IVL *]NNITW 6QIOIZI -V\MZXZQ[M )^IQTIJTM I\ P\\X" J]NNITWVQIOIZI WZO ÅTM[ KWV\MV\ 1VL][\Za ?QVL;aUXW[Q]U ?QVL8ZWOZIU G .16)4_MJ XLN 14 “Buffalo Niagara Wind Component Manufacturing Symposium,” 14.

1LMV\QÅKI\QWV WN =VLMZ]\QTQbML ;Q\M[

1.GCBRA Planned Activities. Accessed February 24, 2010. http://www.thelandbank.org/ gcbra.asp 2.GIS data sources: I /MVM[MM +W]V\a 4IVL *IVS )]\PWZQ\a +Q\a WN .TQV\ 8IZKMT ,I\I -;:1 [PIXMÅTM NWZUI\ ! J /MVM[MM +W]V\a 4IVL *IVS )]\PWZQ\a /MVM[MM +W]V\a .TWWLXTIQV -;:1 [PIXMÅTM NWZUI\

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix A 2009.

Detroit Â Free Â Press. Â April Â 12, Â 2010.

c. Â U.S. Â Fish Â & Â Wildlife Â Service, Â National Â Wetlands Â Inventory. Â National Â Wetlands Â Inventory Â Data. Â -;:1 [PIXMĂ&#x2026;TM NWZUI\ ;\ 8M\MZ[J]ZO .TWZQLI ! ! !! )KKM[[ML WVTQVM P\\X" ___ UKOQ state.mi.us/mgdl/

6I\QWVIT :MVM_IJTM -VMZOa 4IJWZI\WZa :MVM_IJTM -VMZOa 8W\MV\QIT NWZ *ZW_VĂ&#x2026;MTL Redevelopment Â Strategies Â (Boston, Â Massachusetts: Â NREL, Â 2006). Â Available Â at Â http://www.nrel. gov/docs/fy07osti/40844.pdf

;\I\M WN 5QKPQOIV *ZW_VĂ&#x2026;MTL :MLM^MTWXUMV\ .QVIVKQVO )K\ WN !! 8]JTQK )K\ Accessed Â online Â March Â 1, Â 2010. Â http://www.legislature.mi.gov/ Â

4 Â Sarah Â White Â & Â Jason Â Walsh, Â 38.

/TMVLI ,]VTIX *ZW_VĂ&#x2026;MTL :MLM^MTWXUMV\ )]\PWZQ\a 8ZWOZIU 5IVIOMZ +Q\a WN .TQV\ Department Â of Â Community Â and Â Economic Â Development. Â Phone Â interview. Â March Â 23, Â 2010.

5 Â John Â Richter. Â Financial Â Anlysis Â of Â Residential Â PV Â and Â Solar Â Water Â Heating Â Systems Â (Lansing, Â MI: Â Michigan Â Department Â of Â Energy, Â Labor Â and Â Economic Â Growth, Â 2009). Â )^IQTIJTM I\ P\\X" ___ UQKPQOIV OW^ LTMO G P\UT

/TMVLI ,]VTIX *ZW_VĂ&#x2026;MTL :MLM^MTWXUMV\ )]\PWZQ\a 8ZWOZIU 5IVIOMZ +Q\a WN .TQV\ Department Â of Â Community Â and Â Economic Â Development. Â Phone Â interview. Â March Â 23, Â 2010.

6 Â National Â Renewable Â Energy Â Laboratory, Â :MVM_IJTM -VMZOa 8W\MV\QIT NWZ *ZW_VĂ&#x2026;MTL Redevelopment Â Strategies.

6. Â City Â of Â F lint. Â Aerial Â Orthophotography. Â MrSID Â format. Â 2009.; Â F lint, Â Michigan. Â Google Â Maps. Â http://www.maps.google.com/. Â 2009. Â Â

7 Â National Â Renewable Â Energy Â Laboratory, Â :MVM_IJTM -VMZOa 8W\MV\QIT NWZ *ZW_VĂ&#x2026;MTL Redevelopment Â Strategies.

Alternative Â Energy Â Industries Â and Â Underutilized Â Parcels Â Matrix

8 Â Michigan Â Incentives/Policies Â for Â Renewables Â & Â Efficiency, Â Database Â of Â State Â Incentives Â for Â Renewables Â & Â Efficiency Â (DSIRE) Available Â at P\\X" ___ L[QZM][I WZO QVKMV\Q^M[ ITT[]UUIZQM[ KNU';\I\M%51 ZM% MM%

1. Â U.S. Â Envrionmental Â Protection Â Agency. Â Facilities Â Regulated Â by Â the Â EPA. Â Accessed Â at Â http:// www.epa.gov/enviro/. Â 2010. 2. Â U.S. Â Envrionmental Â Protection Â Agency. Â RCRA Â Online. Â Accessed Â at Â http://www.epa.gov/ wastes/inforesources/online/index.htm. Â 2010.

9 Â Federal Â I ncentives/Policies Â f or Â Renewables Â & Â E fficiency, Â D atabase Â o f Â S tate Â I ncentives Â for Â Renewables Â & Â Efficiency Â (DSIRE), Â Available Â at P\\X" ___ L[QZM][I WZO QVKMV\Q^M[ ITT[]UUIZQM[ KNU';\I\M%=; ZM% MM%

3. Â U.S. Â Envrionmental Â Protection Â Agency. Â Toxic Â Release Â Inventory Â Program. Â Accessed Â at Â http:// www.epa.gov/tri/triprogram/whatis.htm. Â 2010.

10 Â How Â to Â use Â geographic Â information Â system Â (GIS), Â Battle Â Creek Â Unlimited Â Inc., Â http://www.bcuknowledgenow.com/sites-and-buildings.

+Q\a WN .TQV\ +Q\a WN .TQV\ ?I\MZ 5IQV[ -;:1 [PIXMĂ&#x2026;TM NWZUI\ ,I\M =VSW_V # +Q\a WN .TQV\ +Q\a WN .TQV\ ;IVQ\IZa 5IQV[ -;:1 [PIXMĂ&#x2026;TM NWZUI\ ,I\M =VSW_V

11 Â Cheryl Â Beard, Â Technology Â Marketing Â Director Â of Â Battle Â Creek Â Unlimited, Â Inc. Â email Â interview Â with Â DPA, Â March Â 25, Â 2010.

+Q\a WN .TQV\ BWVQVO +WLM ;]UUIZa P\\X" ___ KQ\aWNĂ&#x2020;QV\ KWU 8TIVVQVO bWVMG[]UUIZa pdf. Â 2010.

12 Â Destination Â Development Â Incorporated. Â City Â of Â Snoqualmie, Â Washington Â Economic Â Development, Â Branding Â & Â Marketing Â Plan. Â Available Â at Â http://www.mrsc. org/Govdocs/S63MktPlan.pdf. Â 2006.

6. Â Genesee Â County Â Planning Â Commission. Â City Â of Â F lint Â Truck Â Routes. Â http://www.co.genesee. UQ ][ OKUXK XTIV .QTM[ 5IX[ 4:8 .TQV\G<Z]KSG:W]\M[ XLN -;:1 = ; :IQT 4QVM[ -;:1 [PIXMĂ&#x2026;TM NWZUI\ P\\X" ___ M[ZQ KWU

Marketing Â Recommendations

1 Â National Â Renewable Â Energy Â Laboratory, Â Wind Â Resource Â (50m) Â of Â the Â United Â States Â (Washington, Â DC: Â NREL, Â December Â 2008). Â Available Â at Â http://www.nrel.gov/gis/images/ UIXG_QVLGVI\QWVITGTW ZM[ RXO

13 Â Destination Â Development Â Incorporated. Â City Â of Â Conroe, Â Texas Â Downtown Â Development, Â B randing Â & Â M arketing Â P lan. Â Available Â a t Â h ttp://www.cityofconroe.org/ QUIOM[ [\WZQM[ LW_V\W_VGKWVZWM LW_VTWIL[ ZWOMZJZWWS[ XLN 14 Â Chabin Â Concepts, Â Inc, Â Marketek, Â Inc. Â City Â of Â Castle Â Rock, Â Washington Â Strategic Â Marketing Â Plan Â Overcoming Â Development Â Barriers Â and Â Positioning Â Castle Â Rock Â for Â Success. Â Available Â at Â http://www.mrsc.org/govdocs/C37MktStrat.pdf. Â 2005.

2 Â Jewel Â Gopwani Â and Â Brent Â Snavely. Â â&#x20AC;&#x153;Michiganâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Â bet Â on Â batteries: Â Will Â it Â pay Â off Â sooner Â or Â later?â&#x20AC;? Â

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix A

Potential Alternative Energy Sites

The

parcels

optimal

for

alternative energy industries are shown with Map ID numbers

78 42

corresponding to the Industry

and Parcel Matrix. An electronic version of the map and matrix have also been provided to the

75 75

54 60

§ ¦ ¨

GRCC for their own site selection

28 37

36 34 35 26 33

72 61

analysis.

69 51 50 68 48

32 10 9 87 23

49 53

30 29 64 3 65 67 18 63 66 5 4 57 19 21 22

59 58

80 44

City of Flint 82

Major Roads

31 62

45 12 46 47

Rail Water Body

Legend Possible Sites

§ ¦ ¨

74 55 16 73 15 14

§ ¦ ¨ 69

71 0

0.5

Miles 2

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix A

Industry and Parcel Matrix: Part 1 of 2 Map ID

Parcel Number

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

Address

Zoning

Acreage

Advanced Battery Technology

Biomass

Fuel Cell

Solar Component Manufacturing

Solar Farming

Wind Component Manufacturing

Wind Farming

E G G F G E F F F F F F F G G G E G G F F F F F F E F F G G E G F F F E F E E F E E F E F F E F G

5.6 11.0 5.6 12.2 15.7 3.7 3.1 3.8 2.1 2.9 2.8 7.9 3.7 2.8 9.2 17.7 7.7 3.7 5.1 30.7 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.1 3.7 4.5 5.0 11.5 64.1 68.5 3.2 4.4 4.8 12.3 2.4 3.7 2.7 2.6 4.2 3.6 8.1 5.1 10.8 3.0 21.2 3.7 3.6 16.0 13.3

N N N N Y N N N N N N N N N N Y N N N Y N N N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y N N Y N

N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y N N N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix A

Industry and Parcel Matrix: Part 1 of 2 Map ID

Parcel Number

Address

Zoning

Acreage

Advanced Battery Technology

Biomass

Fuel Cell

Solar Component Manufacturing

Solar Farming

Wind Component Manufacturing

Wind Farming

50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84

41-06-180-007 41-06-179-048 41-07-179-027 41-06-452-014 47-31-452-045 40-13-231-009 41-09-303-028 41-09-302-024 41-17-327-021 41-17-327-020 47-31-401-008 41-06-201-018 41-21-101-047 41-09-326-014 41-09-151-010 41-09-326-019 41-09-326-016 41-09-401-025 41-06-303-042 41-06-153-010 41-30-206-066 41-30-206-071 47-31-487-015 40-13-176-002 40-13-251-004 47-31-257-018 47-32-305-038 47-32-152-002 47-29-351-001 47-31-226-005 41-19-106-009 41-19-106-007 40-23-476-002 40-26-400-001 47-32-426-005

1051 HAMILTON AVE E 0 INDUSTRIAL AVE 1111 JAMES P COLE BLVD 1809 JAMES P COLE BLVD 4002 JAMES P COLE BLVD 630 KEARSLEY ST W 0 KELSO ST 404 KELSO ST 0 LAPEER RD 2211 LAPEER RD 1001 LEITH ST 1101 LEITH ST 2632 LIPPINCOTT BLVD 0 ROBERT T LONGWAY 3001 ROBERT T LONGWAY 3220 ROBERT T LONGWAY 3238 ROBERT T LONGWAY 3418 ROBERT T LONGWAY 0 SAGINAW ST N 2712 SAGINAW ST N 4000 SAGINAW ST S 4500 SAGINAW ST S 3420 ST JOHN ST 306 STEVENSON ST S 307 STEVENSON ST S 1079 STEWART AVE E 1510 STEWART AVE E 1553 STEWART AVE E 0 THETFORD RD 0 THETFORD RD 811 TWELFTH ST W 817 TWELFTH ST W 0 VAN SLYKE RD 3248 VAN SLYKE RD 0 WESTERN RD

G G F G G G G G E E G G E G G G G F E E G G G G G G E E F G F F G G E

61.0 4.8 2.4 16.1 13.3 2.3 2.4 2.2 4.0 4.3 146.1 35.6 4.2 4.9 2.7 6.9 6.5 2.7 4.5 5.7 2.9 30.6 5.2 27.1 9.6 56.0 4.7 35.6 2.6 2.1 2.8 2.4 7.2 386.9 2.3

Y N N Y N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N Y N Y N Y N Y N N N N N Y N

Y N N N N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N Y N N N Y N Y N N N N N Y N

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Y N N N N N N N N N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y N N N N N N N Y N

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Y N N N N N N N N N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y N N N N N N N Y N

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix B

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix B

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix B

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix B

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix B

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix B

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix B

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix B

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix B

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix B

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix B

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix C

Battle Creek Unlimited Web-based GIS Example

BCU markets available commercial and industrial real estate with a GIS-based web application. Prospective developers and companies can search for parcels based on their site needs. The application enables users to view detailed maps linked to a robust database of information VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F WR HDFK SDUFHO

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix C

EPA Enviromapper Web Portal

The EPAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Enviromapper for Envirofacts web portal provides access to numerous environmental databases. The application uses GIS and internet technology to allow users to download and interact with both tabular and spatial data. The RCRA and TRI data used to identify redevelopment impediments for this report were downloaded here (http://www.epa.gov/enviro/).

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix C

Google Maps Street View Application

An example of a visual survey using the Google Maps Street View application. This site is currently underutilized and vacant. (Source: City of Flint, Google Maps Street View. 2010)

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix C

Parcel Inventory Attributes Summary of the parcel attributes used for creating the inventory: CLASS: Indicates the property class code of the parcel; represents the parcel’s current land use First character: I - Industrial, C - Commercial, R - Residential Second character: I - Improved, V – Vacant Example: CI – parcel class code is Commercial, Improved Zoning_Dis: Indicates the primary zoning district of the parcel Optimal parcels for alternative energy industries are located in the following zoning districts: E – Heavy Commercial Limited Manufacturing District F – Intermediate Manufacturing District G – Heavy Manufacturing District For further information, please refer to the zoning summary at the City of F lint’s website: h t t p : / / w w w. c i t y o f f l i n t . c o m / 8TIVVQVO bWVMG[]UUIZa XLN Acreage: Approximate acreage of the parcel; not survey accurate. RCRA: Indicates whether the parcel address is listed in RCRA inventory (Y/N) TRI: Indicates whether the parcel address is listed in TRI inventory (Y/N) SolarMfg: Indicates whether the parcel is suitable for solar component manufacturing (Y/N) WindMfg: Indicates whether the parcel is suitable for wind component manufacturing (Y/N) FuelCell: Indicates whether the parcel is suitable for fuel cell industry (Y/N) Battery: Indicates whether the parcel is suitable for advanced battery industry (Y/N) SolarFarm: Indicates whether the parcel is suitable for solar farming (Y/N) WindFarm: Indicates whether the parcel is suitable for wind farming (Y/N)

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.

Appendix C

BioMass: Indicates whether the parcel is suitable for biomass industry (Y/N) TruckRoute: Indicates whether the parcel is adjacent to a truck route (Y/N) RailSpur: Indicates whether the parcel is intersected by a rail spur (Y/N) RenEngySui: Indicates whether the parcel is suitable for at least one of the alternative energy industries (Y/N) MapID: Unique ID used to relate the map of the optimal parcels to the Industry and Parcel Matrix in the report (created for map labeling) RCRA and TRI Data Matching the RCRA and TRI database addresses to the parcel inventory was done in ESRI’s ArcMap software using a processed called ‘geocoding.’ Geocoding matches addresses between two data sources based on the similarity of all address elements, including street number, street name, street type, and street direction. Each pair of possible matching addresses is given a score that represents the degree to which the two addresses match. For the RCRA data, the average match score was 97 and the minimum match score was 75, with 100 being the highest possible score. For the TRI data, the average match score was 98 and the minimum match score was 77, with 100 being the highest possible score. Many addresses from both data sets were not able to be matched to large parcels with multiple addresses. The data was downloaded from the EPA’s Enviromapper for Envirofacts online environmental data portal at http://www.epa.gov/ enviro/. The RCRA data was last posted by the EPA on March 11, 2010 and was accessed on April 1, 2010. The TRI data was last posted by the EPA on March 2, 2010 and was accessed on April 5, 2010.

Reuse of Underutilized Sites for Alternative Energy Industries DPA, Inc.