Urban fluctuation by Clara Van Geel

URBAN FLUCTUATION you win some, you lose some

Re por t on th e s eco n d O I KO N E T i n ter n ati o n al wo rksh o p S a m a n H a ri ri , C l a ra Va n Geel A ca d em i c p ro m o to r : To m a s Oo ms Ma s ter i n A rch i tectu re, K U L euven Fa cu l ty o f A rch i tectu re, ca m p u s S in t-L ucas Gen t

This project is funded with support from the European Commission (Project number 539369-LLP1-2013-1-ESERASMUS). This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

OIKONET is a platform to study contemporary housing from a multidisciplinary and global perspective. Relevant issues on contemporary housing studies provide themes that are evolved into international workshops. Two workshops were organised so far. The second OIKONET international workshop â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Contemporary Living Patterns: Growth/Shrinkageâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; tackles urban development fluctuations in Berlin and Cottbus, Germany. Through each urban fluctuation, either growth or shrinkage, there are gains and losses. The workshop explores how to deal with the urban condition in each situation. This report illustrates activities and conclusions of each phase of the workshop. Documents provided in this report are extracted from online resources and workspaces such as: - http://oikonet-cottbusworkshop.blogspot.be; - http://www.oikonet.org - http://www.oikodomos.org/workspaces

- task 1 - task 2 - task 3 - task 4

work

task 5

pre-workshop

presentations lectures

tas tas tas tas

sk sk sk sk

6 7 8 9

post-workshop

task 10

kshop

output

evaluation

Table of content 0. The bigger picture. An Introduction on OIKONET. 9 - Oikonet 10 - The workshop 13 1. Small beginnings. Prepatory activities. 15 1.1 Tasks 17 1.2 Presentation of the prepatory tasks 18 2. Big actions. The workshop. 27 2.1 General approach 29 2.2 Day-to-day workshop logbook 30 2.3 Output 32 3. Act/reflect. Post-workshop evaluation.

Group picture, second international workshop at Cottbus.

0/ THE BIGGER PICTURE An Introduction on OIKONET

This publication is the result of the international workshop ‘Contemporary Living Patterns: Growth/Shrinkage’, organised by OIKONET. It reports on the activities conducted for the workshop and was made as a task for the elective ‘participation international workshop’at the KU Leuven University. The following chapter gives a brief explanation about OIKONET.

OIKONET The objective of OIKONET -the OIKODOMOS Network- is to create a platform of collaboration to study contemporary housing from a multidisciplinary and global perspective by encompassing the multiple dimensions which condition the forms of dwelling in todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s societies: architectural, urban, environmental, economic, cultural and social.

The consolidated OIKODOMOS Virtual Campus (www.oikodomos. org) will grow into a network by: - Incorporating other disciplines to the study of contem porary housing, such as economics, social studies and historical preservation; - Including social and community organizations in the design and implementation of learning activities; - Addressing the global dimension of housing research, with the participation on non-European partners; - Expanding the OIKODOMOS Virtual Campus to a larger number of institutions, inside and outside Europe; - Enhancing the existing digital platform with new environments which will support the networkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s learning activities. OIKONET will intertwine three areas of activity, each one making a subnetwork within the network: - Research on housing studies from a multidisciplinary and global approach; - Participatory actions to engage communities in the definition, solution and evaluation of housing problems; - Pedagogical activities which bring together different stakeholders, learning environments and disciplines.

The three subnetworks become strongly intertwined through the project activities. Researchers discus relevant issues on contemporary housing studies. Experts will provide themes to design learning activities, which will be formed into taks. Existing problems at the community level will provide study cases to develop design workshops with the participation of academic and non-academic stakeholders; and housing problems will be analyzed in collaboration with local stakeholders. This way, OIKONET will give rise to a new structure which will foster the exchange among research groups and higher education institutions, to interlink research activities with the collaborative design of learning activities, and to embed learning processes in the social, cultural and economic environments.

Figure 1: the organisation of OIKONET.

Promoting pedagogic innovation in the field of housing studies is the ultimate goal of OIKONET. The learning activities carried out in the network will overcome boundaries between physical and digital learning spaces by promoting a blended learning approach which was successfully developed in the OIKODOMOS virtual campus. A digital environment will support the exchange of knowledge across the different areas of knowledge represented in the network and the communication among the participants.

OIKONET partners are universities, research organizations, local administrations, professional, and social organizations, within and outside Europe. Altogether, the interaction across different stakeholders and disciplines will provide new insights on the contemporary housing conditions, and will help to forge links between academia and the social and economic milieu, between research and learning, and between the EU education space and other universities around the world.

Figure 2: Open call banner of the second workshop â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Contemporary Living Patterns: Growth/Shirinkageâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;.

Contemporary Living Patterns: Growth/Shrinkage The second OIKONET international workshop explores the complementarity of growing and shrinking, two urban development patterns exemplified by the cities of Berlin and Cottbus, respectively. All over Europe, demographic change has become an undeniable factor for the development perspectives of municipalities. Whereas large metropolises tend to attract new inhabitants, many cities have to realize that growth is something they can no longer rely on. Both growing and shrinking communities are emerging simultaneously confronting cities with unprecedented urban and architectural challenges. While at first sight growth and shrinkage seem to be contrary trends, they have to be considered as two sides of the same coin. The ‘growth paradigm’ must be paralleled by a ‘decline paradigm’ in order to allow us to conceptualize both phenomena and to explore and envision possible futures for cities. Growth usually suggests development and wealth, but this trend presents also a number of urban challenges: How can a city deal with growth in order to maintain adequate living standards and infrastructural supply for its inhabitants? Shrinkage often stands for decline and decay, but it could also be seen as an opportunity for urban renewal. What are then the opportunities of shrinkage and how can a place be downsized without being destroyed?

Presentation of the prepatory activities at the Cottbus Technical University Library.

1/ SMALL BEGINNINGS Prepatory activities

The first tasks sought to build a theoretical basis of the subject-matter of the workshop, by examining case studies of urban expansion and contraction in Europe. Teams of students of each university were set up to work together on different topics. During this preworkshop the students got the opportunity to direct their questions to Adam Evans during an online Q&A session. The results of multiple tasks were handed in on the online workspace. During the first day of the workshop the students presented their conclusions to each other at the Brandenburg University of Technology.

pre-workshop

workshop

post-workshop

1.1. Tasks Different tasks seek to build a theoretical basis of the subject-matter of the workshop, by examining case studies of urban expansion and contraction in Europe. Task 1: research The first task focusses on a literature study about the understanding of growth and shrinkage and investigating particular city contexts. By this the students are equipped with the necessary background knowledge for the following themes. The references give information on cities with regards to gentrification, regeneration, displacement and migration. Task 2: Strategies for growth and shrinkage The second task looks into strategies for growth and shrinkage. By selecting one or several example(s) of urban expansion and/or contraction in different countries, the participants analyse case studies of urban strategies (of densification, reduction, etc.) and particularly focus on the architectural typologies that are used. Task 3: Getting to know Berlin The third task gives an insight to the city of Berlin. By using plans, maps and aerial photographs, students identify areas likely to be subject to densification in Berlin. Graphic proposals show the implementation of the densification strategies studied in theme two. Task 4: Getting to know Cottbus The last task gives an insight to the city of Cottbus. By using plans, maps and aerial photographs, students identify areas likely to be subject to densification in Cottbus. Graphic proposals show the implementation of the densification strategies studied in theme two. The following section shows an overview of the theoretical basis gained during the pre-workshop studies. The reader is informed that these tasks do not cover all the preparoty tasks done by the students but are only some selected ones based on their coherent approach.

1.2. Presentation of the prepatory tasks

Task 1: research Growth: Urban growth is caused by new industry, urbanization and migration to the city. This results in a higher economic production and possible more job opportunities. A negative effect might be urban sprawl. As the growth of the cities is still a natural process, there are a lot of strategies tested around the world. The problem of spreading cities concerns mostly wise protection of green zones and control the density level in new development areas. 18

Shrinkage: Urban shrinkage is caused by suburbanisation, economic transformation, economic crisis and demographical, economical and political immigration. Characteristic problems of shrinkage are flexibility and adaptability. An open approach for new ideas of revitalisation and adaptations, as well as mix-usage scheme, are the most important approaches of autorities to solve the problem of decreasing urban areas.

Figure 3: cities with more than 100 000 inhabitants and population losses of more than 1% per year.

Task 2: Strategies for growth and shrinkage Growth: Antwerp How to accomodate 100 000 extra residents in the 20th century ring?

Figure 4: Population, Antwerp.

Shrinkage: Roesbrugge How to deal with a fragmented urban fabric?

Figure 5: Actionplan, Roesbrugge.

Task 3: Getting to know Berlin Berlin: growth The capital area Berlin-Brandenburg has 6 mio. inhabitants, it is the second largest agglomeration in Germany. Berlin is a young and international city, 40% of population is under 35 years old. For students, companies and creative people, Berlin is one of the most attractive cities. In general the west side of Berlin is less densified. To increase the densification of Berlin it is necessary to intervene in desolated spaces. 22

Figure 6: Area, density and population of the different districts of Berlin.

LEARNING ACTIVITY: CONCEPTS AND CONTEXTS O LEARNING ACTIVITY: CONCEPTS AND CONTEXTS O TASK 4; GETTING TO KNOW COTTBUS TASK 4; GETTING TO KNOW COTTBUS

Population Density Quantity per hectare

under 25 25 - 50 under 50 - 25 75 2575 - 50 - 100 50100 - 75- 150 75mora - 100 than 150 100 - 150 mora than 150

Figure 7: Population density, Berlin.

Everage Age (42,9) Everage Age under 38 (42,9) 38-40 40-42 under 38 42-44 38-40 44-46 40-42 46-48 42-44 48-50 44-46 50+ 46-48 48-50 50+

Figure 8: Everage age, Berlin.

:25.6+23 &RQWHPSRUDU\ /LYLQJ 3DWWHUQV *URZWK 6KULQNDJH %78 %UDQGHQEXUJ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 7HFKQRORJ\ &RWWEXV *HUPDQ\ -XQH :25.6+23 &RQWHPSRUDU\ /LYLQJ 3DWWHUQV *URZWK 6KULQNDJH %78 %UDQGHQEXUJ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 7HFKQRORJ\ &RWWEXV *HUPDQ\ -XQH For more information please visit the website www.oikonet.org or contact: info@oikonet.org For more information please visit the website www.oikonet.org or contact: info@oikonet.org

Getting t Getting to Population: 3,5 M

Area: 891,8 Population: 3,5 Mio The capitalarea Area: 891,81 B k agglomeration in under 35. ForBer stu The capitalarea attractive cieties. agglomeration in Ge under 35. For stude attractive cieties. History: -Industrialisation -growth of popula History: -economic reviva -Industrialisation mi -1877ofone million -growth populatio -tenement houseb -economic revival, -between ww I po -1877 one million in -1940 Berlin reac -tenement house we -reduction w -between ww after I popu -1949 division of -1940 Berlin reache -1961 -reduction after wall ww 23Berlin -1989 Berlinofwall -1949 division Be -1990s to 2003 b -1961 Berlin wall wa -from 2004wall econo -1989 Berlin ca -sciene -1990s to 2003 bad -universities -from 2004 econom -research institu -sciene -start-up copanie -universities -big cultural dive -research institution -start-up copanies Einwohnerinnen -big cultural diversi Einwohnerinnen und

Task 4: Getting to know Cottbus Cottbus: shrinkage Cottbus is a shrinking city because of deindustrilization, the failure of post-industrial tranformation processes, a drop in the birth rate, an aging population, surburbanization and negative migration balance due to high unemployment rate.

Figure 9: Cottbus, Germany.

Task 4 Getting to know Cottbus

Figure 10: Cottbus population. Cottbus Workshop

Figure 11: Cottbus population and density.

Studio during the workshop at BTU, Cottbus.

2/ BIG ACTIONS The workshop

The workshop focusses on two cities: Berlin, the German capital, with a growing influx of new inhabitants, with an increasingly growing market for global investments and suffering from housing shortage; and Cottbus, former industrial city in Eastern Germany, facing population loss and economic stagnation. Both cities share a rich history, are main centres of the Brandenburg region, but despite their geographical proximity, their development and sociodemographic forecasts and far from similar. Using these two case studies, the workshop aims to envision, design and test urban and architectural scenarios for urban densification and urban reduction. The workshop program includes lectures, design studio work and site visits to the areas of study. Around fifty students and twenty-five faculty members from the fifteen schools of architecture and urban planning members of OIKONET participated.

pre-workshop

workshop

post-workshop

2.1. General approach Throughout the workshop new teams of students were set up. This time different students of various universities worked together. Through a system of rotation they were each time assisted by a different teacher. Working on models and testing them in their exact location was important to get the right insights during this intensive workshop.

2.2. Day-to-day workshop logbook

Sunday, May 31th: Welcome The first day of the workshop the students got to know each other at a welcoming BBQ in a relaxed atmosphere.

Monday, June 1st: Introduction Leandro Madrazo and Jörg J. Kühn welcomed the participants at the Cottbus Technical University Library. An introduction of the second international workshop was given by Mathias Klöpfel and Lukas Staudinger. After the lecture of Heinz Nagler about phenomena of shrinking cities, the students presented their findings on the prepatory activities, organised by Adriana Diaconu. In the afternoon Doreen Mohaupt of the Planning Department of Cottbus organised a bike ride through Cottbus. The context of specific areass within the city was explained, followd by discussions. Tuesday, June 2nd: Guided day trip to Berlin The second day of the workshop the students went on a day trip to Berlin. They visited several areas of potential densification.Andre Moschke, Senatsverwaltung für Stad tentwicklung Berlin Wohnungsbauleitstelle gave a lecture about the densification in Berlin. Wednesday, June 3rd: Design studio After the excursions to Cottbus and Berlin the students were divided in multiple teams to work on growth (Berlin) or shrinkage (Cottbus). Later on the teams chose a specific site and started with their designs.

Thursday, June 4th: Design studio and input lectures Nicolai Steino presented his research on ‘Use Density’, which implements the idea of time related to density. The lecture was followed by a discussion. Afterwards teams continued working on their design. Friday, June 5th: Final presentations The students took final steps towars their designs. The different teams prepared their final output. Later that night the projects were presented to all participants and OIKONET members. The students immediatly got feedback and had the opportunity to discuss their design with all attendants. Saturday, June 6th: Reflections The presentations of the workshop were posted by the students on the OIKODOMOS workspace ‘Contemporary Living Patterns: Growth/Shrinkage’. By this all materials were available to all participants. To finish the workshop a round table discussion was organised and feedback was given.

2.3. Output

Task 5: Group presentations of pre-workshop activities

Task 6: Identifying What if Berlin had to provide housing for 250.000 new inhabitants? Choose an existing or develop a new typology/ strategy/prototype that could provide the additionally required housing stock. Imagine that Cottbus has to deal with a shrinkage of 25.000 inhabitants. Choose an existing or develop a new typology/ strategy/prototype that could provide the additionally to be abandoned housing stock.What quantities can those strategy/ typologies/prototypes provide? Which conditions do they require and produce? Task 7: Locating Use the findings from step 1 (quantities/conditions) and test them on a specific site. To do so, identify areas or an area that seems suitable for your strategies in Berlin/Cottbus. One of the findings should be the maximum possible number of added/reduced inhabitants. Task 8: Testing Take the possible quantities from step 2 and increase it accor ding to the required growth/shrinkage. Verify and evaluate the effects on the city and adapt the strategy/amount if necessary.

Task 9: Reflection Does your proposal add positive and /or negative side effects to the city and how can be dealt with them? Can your propo sal be combined with other groupsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; proposals, and if so how? Task 10: Presentation Tasks six to nine were integrated in task ten. Guidelines were given through the design studio sessions in order to reflect on each task. The final presentations implemented these different considerations. 33

Overview of the chosen sites | Berlin

group 1 group 4

group 2

Figure 12: Overview of the chosen sites in Berlin.

group 2 group 2 35

group 2 group 6

group 5

Team 1 | Densifying Berlin

The city centre of Berlin is getting crammed with buildings. Because of the population growth Berlin is facing right now, we search for potential areas to increase the density in the city centre. The highway and S-Bahn run almost through the centre of Berlin. This area is huge and has high potentials to improve the life quality and density in Berlin. We develop a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;barcodeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; running through this large infrastructure in Berlin: on interesting points we cover the infrastructure and made con-nections, on other parts we left open spaces to let the city breathe. By this we make the space - which is now infrastructure â&#x20AC;&#x201C; more attracti-ve for the passengers driving through Berlin (opened vs. closed, framing the landscape), improve the existing city fabric (connections at strategic points, improve life quality of the current inhabitants living on both sides of the infrastructure) and make this area attractive for the new inhabitants of berlin (high density combined with public spaces, in the centre of Berlin). We install a megastructure above the infrastructure of the highway and S-bahn to make this large span. The new buildings are installed between these trusses. We create a flexible and adaptable construction system. This generic design can be installed at any place, all over the world. This system is tested at the border between Charlottenburg and Westend. Charlottenburg is a popular area to live and already relatively dens. The neighbourhood of Westend is cut of the city centre by the large infrastruc-ture and could be densified. Together with the new developments on top of the highway and S-Bahn we increase the density of Berlin. The existing public functions in both areas support this new development.

public functions in both areas support this new development.

Trusses

Building Units

alling megastructure

Insert flexible housing units

Platform

Trusses Highway / S-Bahn

Building Units

Axonometry Schemeview. Figure 13: axonometric

Platform

Highway / S-Bahn

Axonometry Scheme

Figure 14: 3D view.

Creating connections

Adaptable model

Figure 15: model.

Final presentation

Büscher, Simon; Jensen, Mikkel Trudslev; Tundérová, Alena; Van Geel, Clara; Ventura, Nathalie

Patterns: Growth/Shrinkage

many. June 1-6 2015

org or contact: info@oikonet.org

Team 2 | The Virus City

Figure 16: concept.

Figure 17: 3D view.

The “Virus’ is used in the form of four different types of prefabricated housing modules to ‘hit’ the central area of Berlin in order to achieve the maximum density. As an example, a few potential areas were attacked as a test-run. Examples shows the installation of the “Viruses” on roof tops, over the streets, on facades and between vertical gaps. In the future it will spread all over the city centre, predicting to reach 250 000 households by 2030.

Figure 18: concept.

Figure 19: 3D view.

The “Viruses” are flexible with the possibility to be modified, personalised, moved or extended depending on people’s needs. Also, the “Viruses” will be spread in areas near workspaces so working districts won’t die after 5pm and the living areas won’t be desolate during the working hours. This approach cuts the time spent on commuting to work or university, reduces the traffic, which results in less stress for the inhabitants.

Team 4 | From hovering lost spaces to densification

From hovering lost spaces to densification. The idea is to tackle needed densification in Berlin with a new perspective. In modern cities roads consume earth surface in great amount. Roads and highways divide unified surface of cities to disconnected areas. What if we could use the lost spaces over roads and highways to something that Berlin requires? From this question, the idea of covering highways and giving back lost spaces to the city arises. With re-vitalizing these spaces, densification and reconnection trough the city of Berlin can occur. In coming documents a part of North-South highway in Berlin has been covered to study how the idea can work. This site in limited by Kaiserdamm highway on south and by KnobelsdorffstraĂ&#x;e on north. SaldernstraĂ&#x;e is located on east side and RognitzstraĂ&#x;e on west of the study site. Our ambitions in this integration are as followed, -Social Integration. -Connection. -Adaptable. (Capability of growth or shrinkage in future requirements.) -Densification. -Multifunctional. Having one capsule as a basic unit shapes the design in time. Regarding how big one space needs to be, units can combine together and create bigger unit. These units are combined with social activities as well, both on ground floor and upper floors for residents and public. The units even can be connected to neighboring buildings creating a connection in higher levels. So the concepts starts to shape in time or can change its appearance in different periods based on what is required.

Figure 20: site overview.

Figure 21: concept drawing.

Figure 22: section.

Team 5 | Dealing with growth in Berlin: In-between-spaces

To keep up with increasing density in Berlin we have a look at the amount of public green areas and private courtyards. The density could be improved by opening up enclosed buildings. Former big green areas are suitable for new housing. An improvement of the traffic is needed to realise these new public areas. Possible measurements are: expanding the pedestrian area making people and transport at the same level, making foot traffic more important and fluid, removing barriers (increasing accessibility) and motivating people to use public transportation. This idea about mobility is based on ‘Transit Oriented Development’ and on ‘Bus Rapid Transit’, willing to make the pedestrian the highest priority creating a safer pedestrian environment, increase the use of public transportation, reduce the pollution and make the area more accessible. The surrounding green areas, where the new housing is created, can be quite narrow in the city of Berlin. E.g. the long, narrow area from Wassertorplatz to Oranienplatz in Kotbusser Tor. Some solutions have been made for this according to design of the buildings. ‘Transit Oriented Design’ appears as a solution to growing problems of sprawl and climate change. Dealing with growth in Berlin: In-between-spaces Group 5: Ali Ahmed (UCLAN), Anna Sophie Bresson (AAU), Konstantinos Chatzimanolis (University of Cyprus), Larissa Correia (IUG)

Berlin: In-between-spaces

phie Bresson (AAU), Konstantinos Chatzimanolis (University of Cyprus), Larissa Correia (IUG)

Kotbusser Tor

(University of Cyprus), Larissa Correia (IUG)

- Kreuzburg

courtyards unt of private (gre en) areas Great amo unt of public Moderest amo traffic and people of High density

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courtyards t of private as Great amoun lic (gre en) are ount of pub Moderest am traffic and people of High density

Figure 23: concept. Boundaries are hard, activities/life exist within the park, the streets around the buildings are empty

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Traffic flow - private traffic

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Existing hierarchy

Boundaries are hard, activities/life exist within the park, the streets around the buildings are empty

hierarchy Figure 24: siteProposed overview.

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Develop

accessibility) and helping people uraging its use (Bus Rapid Transit).

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Transit Oriented Design, as it’s also named,appears as solution to serious and growing problems of sprawl and climate change. Our idea about mobility is based on Transit Oriented Development and on Bus Rapid Transit, willing to make the pedestrian the highest priority creating a safer pedestrian environment, increase the use of public transportation, reduce the pollution (which isn’t very pleasant once it’s a place surrounded by open restaurants) and make the area more accessible.

Existing hierarchy

Proposed hierarchy

Principles of New Urbanism :

WORKSHOP: Contemporary Living Patterns: Growth/Shrinkage (1) Walkability part-diagram Connectivity BTU- Brandenburg UniversityDevelopmental of Technology. Cottbus, Germany.(2)June 1-6 2015 and diversity For more information please visit the website www.oikonet.org(3)orMixed-use contact: info@oikonet.org

g accessibility) and helping people couraging its use (Bus Rapid Transit).

(4) mixed housing (5) quality architecture/urban design (6) traditionnal neighborhood (7) increased density The surrounding green areas, where we want to built new housing, can be quit narrow in the city of Berlin. E.g. the long, areatransportation from Wassertorplatz to Oranienplatz in (8)narrow smart Kotbusser Tor. Therefore some solutions have been made for this according to design of the buildings. (9) sustainability (10) Quality of life 25: section. Figure

Develo

Proposed street-view

Proposed hierarchy

Pro

based on Transit Oriented Development and on Bus Rapid Transit, wih isn’t very pleasant once it’s a place surrounded by open restaurants) Transit Oriented Design, as it’s also named,appears as solution to serious and growing problems of sprawl and climate change. Our idea about mobility is based on Transit Oriented Development and on Bus Rapid Transit, wi-

Overview of the chosen sites | Cottbus

group 9 group 11

group 10

Figure 26: overview of the chosen sites in Cottbus.

group 7

group 8

Team 6 | River Connection

The river is used as a connector. By regenerating the river and spreading the population across this river, there will be less densification in the city center. This solution avoids the occupation of green areas in the city. Housing units are combined together with public infrastructure and social living spaces. The target group of this system is students, young couples (with kids) and elderly.

Figure 27: site overview.

Figure 28: concept.

Figure 29: 3D view.

Figure 30: plan and section.

Team 7 | Spreenking, dealing with shrinkage in Cottbus Using the river the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Spreeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;City: as activator for shrinking Cottbus. SPREE_NKING dealing with shrinkage in cottbus Panagiota Pouliou, Mike Yosief, Frank Buchta, Adekine Thys, Pol Puncernau 1_Schmellwitz

inhabitants | 14.170 in 1996 | ~22.500 density | 1.749 inhab/km2 GDR block-buildings in the east former village and one-family housing in the west TKC-shopping centre; unattractive North > own community

2_StrĂśbitz

inhabitants | 14.827 in 1996 | ~13.900 density | 1.267 inhab/km2 GDR block-buildings filling gaps after war former village and one-family housing Good connection to the city centre and university

3_Mitte

inhabitants | 9.367 in 1996 | ~6.500 density | 5.506 inhab/km2 medieval building centre; industrial time housing GDR block-buildings filling gaps after war city hall; university; cultural and social centre; most attractive part

4_Sandow

inhabitants | 15.940 in 1996 | ~17.500 density | 1.832 inhab/km2 Mostly GDR block buildings between city centre and the industrial area in the east while the position next to the centre bad connection

5_Spremberger Vorstadt

inhabitants | 14.238 in 1996 | ~16.500 density | 3.955 inhab/km2 former extension of the city centre; buildings of every age mostly 3rd-Reich housing block and one-family housing train station; hospital; sport-centre, good connection

6_Sachsendorf

inhabitants | 12.014 in 1996 | ~29.500 density | 1.820 inhab/km2 mostly GDR block-buildings smaller part of the university; Gelsenkirchener Square Lausitz-shopping centre; unattractive South > own community

Figure site overview. ling with shrinkage in31:cottbus

Buchta, Adekine Thys, Pol Puncernau

Figure 32: concept.

SPREE_NKING City: dealing with shrinkage in cottbus Panagiota Pouliou, Mike Yosief, Frank Buchta, Adekine Thys, Pol Puncernau 1_Schmellwitz

2_Strรถbitz

inhabitants | 14.827 in 1996 | ~13.900 density | 1.267 inhab/km2 GDR block-buildings filling gaps after war former village and one-family housing Good connection to the city centre and university

3_Mitte

SPREE_NKING City: dealing with shrinkage in cottbus 4

2 Panagiota Pouliou, Mike Yosief, Frank3 Buchta, Adekine Thys, Pol Puncernau 4_Sandow

1_Schmellwitz

inhabitants | 14.170 5_Spremberger Vorstadt in 1996 | ~22.500 inhabitants | 14.238 density | 1.749 inhab/km2 in 1996 | ~16.500 GDR block-buildings in the east densityvillage | 3.955and inhab/km2 former one-family housing in the west former extension of the city centre;North buildings of every age TKC-shopping centre; unattractive > own community mostly 3rd-Reich housing block and one-family housing train station; hospital; sport-centre, good connection

2_Strรถbitz

inhabitants | 14.827 6_Sachsendorf in 1996 | ~13.900 inhabitants | 12.014 density | 1.267 inhab/km2 in 1996 | ~29.500 GDR block-buildings filling gaps after war densityvillage | 1.820and inhab/km2 former one-family housing mostly GDR block-buildings Good connection to the city centre and university smaller part of the university; Gelsenkirchener Square Lausitz-shopping centre; unattractive South > own community

3_Mitte

4_Sandow

5_Spremberger Vorstadt

6_Sachsendorf

Figure 33: future vision.

wth/Shrinkage

: info@oikonet.org

WORKSHOP: Contemporary Living Patterns: Growth/Shrinkage

This project is funded with support from the European Commission (Project number 539369-LLP1-2013-1-ES-ERASMUS).

BTU- Brandenburg University of Technology. Cottbus, ThisGermany. publication reflectsJune the views1-6 only2015 of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

For more information please visit the website www.oikonet.org or contact: info@oikonet.org

This project is funded with support from the European Commission (Project number 539369-LLP1-2013-1-ES-ERASMUS). This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

WORKSHOP: Contemporary Living Patterns: Growth/Shrinkage Figure 34: conceptual section. BTU- Brandenburg University of Technology. Cottbus, Germany. June 1-6 2015

For more information please visit the website www.oikonet.org or contact: info@oikonet.org

Team 8 | Cottbus accepting and adapting The shrinking city phenomenon is a multidimensional process, compromising cities, parts of cities, or entire metropolitan areas that have experienced dramatic decline in their economic and social bases. Thus, urban shrinkage is often a challenge on the wide scale of metropolitan regions and requires policy-makers to redefine traditional paths of regional governance. The vast research places shrinking cities in a global perspective, setting the context for an in-depth discussion of Cottbus and considering specific such as social, economic, environmental, cultural, and land-use issues. The concept identifies the issue Cottbus is currently facing and brings new ideas to reinventing the cities. The lake will now be identified as the beacon for the city. 50

Figure 35: concept.

The project focuses on transforming the existing infrastructure and facilities for multi-uses of abandoned industrial unit and housing blocks. We are using the railway system to create a connection between Lake and city. Agriculture is also used to connect suburban development by providing green spaces that enable them to manufacture good for supply and distribution.

Figure 36: sections.

Team 9 | The Univer-City Main goal in this design is to bring students to Cottbus. The city can attract more students through increase in size and activity of the university plus, support in sports, culture, social life, meeting points and job opportunities.

Figure 37: site overview.

Figure 38: concept.

potential

connecting the old urban green belt to natural areas of the Spree and Muhlgraben

development of public and private green and open spaces

big gaps in the inner city for new facilities, culture, sports and public space Figure 39: site analysis.

Team 10 | Start up City Creating a new line between Cottbus University and Berlin (Main Station.) is the general intervention. Another aspect of the intervention is to reuse empty spaces in the city to create business opportunities and attract young entrepreneurs. Instead of demolishing all old buildings, one recycling center can take in old materials and help with reproduction for development of new buildings.

Figure 40: site analysis.

densification

recycle center

cheap office space for young entrepeneurs

Figure 41: concept.

Figure 42: section.

Team 11 | Cottbus Green Boulevard Cottbus faces multiple problems: the university is detached from the city center, there is no connection between major city landmarks, highways and busy streets fragment the city and city landmarks, whilst physically close, appear mentally far away due to unappealing routes. Based on these issues different interventions are provided. Based on these issues some interventions are provided: -University integration: connecting the university to city center. Empty existing empty housing on the east side of the river can be turned into student housing so students traverse through city center to campus.

Figure 43: 3D view.

Figure 44: section.

-Create a route of public urban green space which offers community facilities which brings neighbors together. -Identifying important nodes (train station, theater, city center, BTU campus, new lake, new student housing) of the city and create a connection between them. -Proposing communal activities along the suggested Boulevard, garden allotments and leisure facilities. -Creating an iconic image of Cottbus upon arrival, Green Boulevard which leads visitors all the way to the city.

Round table discussion on the final day.

3/ ACT/REFLECT Post-workshop evaluation

The last day of the workshop students and teachers sat together to discuss the final outcome and ther experiences. Additional to this round table discussion USI (UniversitĂ della Svizzera italiana) organised a survey to take remarks into account.

Behind the scenes - personal reflection The international workshop reflects on two intertwined phenomena which are witnessed all over the world. It was a crucial excercise in order to develop an understanding of growth and shrinkage. Through the process of the workshop different methods learned us how to tackle growth and shrinkage in a positive way. This influenced our vision on architecture: how to design durable developments?

It all came together during the intensive workshop week in Cottbus. The result of this workshop was very satisfying. We were confident to present our research during the final day and to have a dialogue with the team of teachers afterwards. The social activities created a friendly atmosphere during the workshop, which resulted in long term academic and social friendships. We would like to thank the team of teacher for the insights into the projects. Special to Tomas Ooms for this unique opportunity.

Prepatory activities, photograph by Tomas Ooms.

Teams Berlin-Growth Team 1 La SalleFASTUKU LeuvenBTUAAU-

Team 2

UTHUCLANUPMFGTUISCTE-

Team 3 AF_BELGRADE-

BUTDITITUETSAV-

Team 4 La SalleKU LeuvenBTUUTH-

Nathalie Ventura - nathalieventura8@gmail.com Alena Tundérová - alena.tunderova@gmail.com Clara Van Geel - clara.vangeel@Student.kuleuven.be Simon Büscher - buescher.sim@gmail.com Mikkel Trudslev Jensen - mikjen13@student.aau.dk Valia Anagnostopoulou - avalia90@hotmail.com Dorota Maskal - DAMoskal@uclan.ac.uk Valentin Revillet - telivann@orange.fr Mustafa Ozdemir - arc.ozdemir8@gmail.com Joana Alves - joana_totil_@hotmail.com Mina Beč - minche93@gmail.com Bartosz Sliwecki - bart10152@gmail.com John Flynn - flynners316@yahoo.com Selin Ciftci - selselinciftci@gmail.com Héctor Riuz - Vizcaino hcruiviz@arq.upv.es Andrea Tusell - andrea.tusell@gmail.com Saman Hariri - Saman.Hariri@student.kuleuven.be Philipp Goelsdorf - philipp.goelsdorf@gmail.com Dimitra Patra - dimelenia@gmail.com

Team 5 AAUUCYUCLANUPMF-

Team 6 ISCTEAF_BELGRADE-

BUTDITITU-

Anna Sophie Bresson - abress13@student.aau.dk Konstantinos Chatzimanolis - kchatz03@ucy.ac.cy Ali Ahmed - MAAhmed4@uclan.ac.uk Larissa Correia - lalarissacorreia@hotmail.com Rita Mansinho - rita.mansinho@hotmail.com Marija Jelenić Jelenić - marija.jelenic@gmail.com Marcin Kamiski - marcinkaminski24@wp.pl Ward James - d11122411@mydit.ie Ayse Tugce Pinar - aysetugcepinar@gmail.com

Teams Cottbus-Shrinkage Team 7 La SalleKU LeuvenBTUUTHUCLAN-

Team 8

UPMFGTUBUTDITITU-

Team 9 ETSAVBTUUCYISCTEITU-

Team 10 ITULa SalleKU LeuvenAAUDIT-

Pol Puncernau - polpuncernau@gmail.com Adeline Thys - Adeline.thys@student.kuleuven.be Frank Buchta - franko.buchta@gmail.com Penny Pouliou - pennypouliou@gmail.com Mike Yosief - MYosief@uclan.ac.uk Justine Gaillard - jus.gaillard@gmail.com Rumeysa Zeynep Kurtulus - rumeysazk@gmail.com Rafal Trzeszczkowski - 1rtrzeszcz1@gmail.com Brown Jessy - jessy.brown@student.dit.ie Tayfun Saman - tayfunsaman1994@gmail.com Alexandre Garcia Estelles - algares3@arq.upv.es Nadja Seefelder - n.seefelder@gmx.de Ioanna Demetriou - joannademet@gmail.com Catarina Mateus - catt-@hotmail.com Sedanur Albayrak - sedanuralbayrak.sa@gmail.com Alperen Alan alperen.bursa@gmail.com Josep García josepgarcia14@gmail.com Maciej Sidorowicz sidorro@hotmail.com Anne-Sofie Sørensen asare13@student.aau.dk Bligh Maire-Claire c10317637@mydit.ie

Team 11 ETSAVBTUDITGTU-

Ana Maria Sánchez Puerta - ansncpue@arq.upv.es Johannes Dübner - johannes.dueber@gmail.com O Donnell Orla - c10326183@mydit.ie Araf Oyku TURKEN - araf.turken@gmail.com

Note: At the time of publication the final presentation of team 3 was not available.

Team of teachers Aleksander Asanowicz, Bialystok University of Technology, asanowicz@gmail.com Noel Brady, DSA/DIT, noel.brady@dit.ie Sergio Castello, ETS Arquitectura de Valencia, sercasfo@pra.upv.es Nadia Charalambous, University of Cyprus, nadiac@ucy.ac.cy Adrienne Csizmady, ELTE, csizmady@tatk.elte.hu Mirjana Devetakovic, University of Belgrade, mirjana.devetakovic@gmail.com Adriana Diaconu, IUG, ad.diaconu@gmail.com Paulette Duarte, IUG, paulette.duarte@upmf-grenoble.fr Adam Evans, UCLan, ARHEvans@uclan.ac.uk Adam Jakimowicz, Bialystok University of Technology, adam.jakimowicz@gmail.com Viera Joklova, FASTU Slovak University of Technology, joklova@fa.stuba.sk 66

Mathias Klöpfel, BTU Cottbus, mathias.kloepfel@tu-cottbus.de Leandro Madrazo, ETS Arquitectura La Salle, madrazo@salle.url.edu Tatjana Mrđenović, University of Belgrade, tmrdjenovic@gmail.com Tomas Ooms, KU Leuven, tomas.ooms@kuleuven.be Sedef Ozcelik, GTU-GEBZE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, sozcelik@gyte.edu.tr Alexandra Paio, ISCTE - University Institute of Lisbon, alexandra.paio@iscte.pt Henrich Pifko, FASTU Slovak University of Technology, pifko@fa.stuba.sk Jim Roche, DSA/DIT, jim.roche@dit.ie Adrià Sánchez, ETS Arquitectura La Salle, adria_sanchez303@hotmail.com Carla Sentieri, ETS Arquitectura de Valencia, carlasentieri@hotmail.com Lukas Staudinger, BTU Cottbus Nicolai Steinø, AAU, steino@create.aau.dk Karin Tajtiová, FASTU Slovak University of Technology, karin.tajtiova@gmail.com Vasilia Trova, UTH, vatrova@uth.gr

COLOPHON

This publication is the result of the elective â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Participation International Projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; by the Faculty of Architecture at KU Leuven University, campus Ghent. Redaction Saman Hariri Clara Van Geel 68

Acadamic promotor Tomas Ooms Special thanks to OIKODOMOS research project and Brandenburg University of Technology for hosting the workshop.