Behind bars by Clare Spinks

Success is going from Failure to Failure without losing Enthusiasm. Winston Churchill

April 29th 2014 Where to start with a project that has no boundaries? Choose a building, choose a project, and write a brief. Sounds simple enough until you start thinking about all the possibilities. There are so many routes to go down, projects to choose from. I had no idea what I wanted to do, my only thought was that I definitely did not want to do anything to domestic, I hated the idea of doing something like a house, hotel or apartments to be quite honest I was starting to get slightly fed up of those kind of projects. I was very set in my mind that I wanted to do something different and challenging. I wanted to do something totally different to anything I had done before. I was avoiding projects like shops, bars and even garages.

I spent most of my time over summer 2014 trying to think of a strong concept, what could I spend a year of my life focused on? I had to find a problem to solve. I wanted to improve people’s quality of living. I spent a lot of time with different people brain storming ideas on what I could possibly do, I’m sure everyone I spoke to was sick of me turning down their ideas and suggestions, especially since I could give them no good reason why I didn’t want to do what they had suggested. I decided since I couldn’t pick a project I would search for a site, if I could find a site then I was hoping that a concept might follow. The next few weeks were spent searching through pages and

pages of abandoned buildings across Scotland, this possibly took so long because, again I couldn’t specifically say what I was actually looking for. I was pretty sure of what I didn’t want but the list of what I did was getting shorter and shorter by the day. I was sure I wanted something local to Edinburgh, allowing me to visit and wander around the site. The problem was there was so many places to choose from I had no idea how to narrow it down. I was totally clueless to the fact that there are so many derelict buildings in and around Edinburgh. This is when I came across an abandoned island, Inchkeith. Located under the fourth road bridge it was within driving distance, and visible from south Queensferry beach, somewhere

that I have visited often. I still had no idea what I wanted to design but I loved the destructive and derelict feel of the island, knowing no one would have lived there for years. That’s when my mum suggested doing something to help woman in need, either a homeless shelter or a ‘safe home’ for woman and children who have been victims of domestic abuse. I liked the idea of both but it was starting to creep into the domesticated design category that I had so strongly decided against doing, although it was solving a problem that was growing worldwide. From looking on the council website you can see the arrest rate for domestic abuse was sticking strong at roughly 88,110 arrest per year. The project was

Inchkeith Island Scotland

growing on me slowly. It would involve designing facilities for a range of age groups from young children, to teens, adults and even elderly people, so although I liked parts of this concept I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t feel the location I had chosen, Inchkeith Island, was the right place for the function. I was back to the drawing board, I now had a concept but no site, so once again I was looking at abandoned buildings and places near Edinburgh. I came across somewhere I had visited two years earlier on a hiking holiday to Loch Lomond, Buchannan castle. The first time I seen it was driving past on my way to Balmaha, a small town on the loch. The castle was crumbling and falling away, which at first glance looked magical, like nature was reclaiming it. At that time I

thought nothing more than it was a beautiful building, but now it was perfect, I felt that the building going to ruin was a waste of its architecture and history, the grounds were beautiful and study upon study state that nothing heals more than nature. I had it set that restoring the building to its previous glory would be a good justice to a B Listed building. Another positive aspect of this location is that it is very out the way, surrounded by its archers of land. So the site has plenty of room for outdoor activities for all age groups but it also had a protective cushion, by being so far away from the city it has a safe feeling surrounding it, that may sound silly when talking about a crumbling building, but looking at it I could picture

it full of people, like a safe haven. The problem with this was the more I thought about it the more I realized I was already developing the idea into how it would be in the end. I could picture the spaces, the rooms, how it would work, and to focus on this for a full year I felt that I would be finished far to early and that I wouldn’t have challenged myself enough. This put me off the whole project a lot. I know that sounds again, silly, and that there was still so much to be done, but I really wanted to push myself, challenge myself, see my ideas devolve and change through the correct process and I felt like this project just wasn’t right for me. My design style has always been very minimal and almost monochromatic, sticking to

greys, black and white there has been a few projects where I have incorporated sharp colour’s and texture’s to brighten up the feel of the design, but even down to the presentation I prefer things to be kept simple, crisp and clean. This is another reason that I didn’t think this project quite suited me personally, it was far to domesticated, and after I had gotten through the initial research the design part I’m sure would have bored me. I have always preferred my designs to be simple and I feel that wouldn’t have worked for that type of project, I prefer to add details through the design subtlety. Another thing I had been drawn to and focusing on recently was the advancement of technology, and developing ways to use this progress within my

Buchannan Castle Scotland

designs, Again it doesn’t quite fit in with what I had wanted to do for this project. I believe that design should always be function over aesthetics, which I know not all people will agree with, but I feel if your going to design something it should do its job better than its competition, otherwise there’s not a lot of point in changing it in the first place. I am a pretty strong-minded person and I think this helped to shape my project and guide it in the right direction. I always try to have strong reasoning behind every design choice. I didn’t want to do something simple and easy, because unfortunately I do get bored easily, I needed something big, challenging and that needed a lot of research

and arguments throughout to keep me interested but also to push me into trying harder. So with that said, I was again, back to the drawing board and In need of a whole new idea. The whole island space was still floating in the back of my mind and the more I struggled to pin down a project or site the stronger the island become. Soon enough I had decided that would be my site. Arguing that it is again in a prime location and it’s a beautiful place. It also still had a few structures that had withstood the salty breeze over the years, for example the lighthouse, barns and bunkers. The more I toyed with the location the more I thought what If I went all out, what if I pushed it to the absolute extremes. We had

Inchkeith Island Scotland

been told to go wild after all, and to challenge ourselves. This is when I came up with the idea to design and build a prison. Truthfully I can’t remember where exactly the whole prison concept came from but As soon as I thought of this I was in love, there was so much to think about and do, I would never be board of the possibilities and research that needed to be done. I had chosen my concept at last. Over summer I spend months researching, mainly the location because honestly at the time that’s where I wanted to focus on, I had done a small amount of research on prison rules and what I wanted to do, but all in all I had no idea the challenge I had set myself. I was very much under the impression that it was

all going to be a great amount of fun, I have always been pretty strong at the technical side of my course, and I do really enjoy doing the plans, sections and detailed drawings so I thought that I would be fine with that side of things. The more research I did the more I loved the idea, it was structured, very clean and sleek and best of all monochromatic, everything I push towards anyway. Still in my own little “it’s going to be a breeze bubble” I was returning to university with a heap of research on the location and a small amount of research on prisons within Scotland.

When I returned to University in September I had very little information on what type of

Inchkeith Island Scotland

prison I wanted to do, although I had researched prisons world wide I hadn’t fully decided on what my design path would be. For once I was very undecided on what way to go with my project. I think that this was Mainly because I had a pretty strong view on what a prison should be and I felt that I would really struggle with designing something that would be what I personally felt a prison should be and still abide with human rights laws. Like I said earlier, I’m pretty strong-minded, and it was all looking a bit full on. Saying this now when reflecting on the project it seems crazy to think how dead set I was on how it had to be. Just like the previous idea, I was almost trying to talk myself out of the whole

thing. My concept was beginning to revolve around an “Alcatraz” style of prison, which I was struggling to picture working, and all of this was before I had even started to think about how on earth I was going to get any information on prison rules and regulations in the current day.

Ten minutes with my lecturer and that bubble had been well and truly burst. Looking back now I can see exactly where I was coming from, “how hard could it be?” Was the question constantly running through my mind and I would soon find out. I spent hours speaking to my lecturers on how I would possibly be able to do this amount of work needed to not only complete the project but for it to get me a strong

Alcatraz

passing grade and be functional instead of just an idea. The quote “if you need to spend time working out something as simple as how the laundry will work you will never make it to the design stage” rings in my mind. It was starting to become crystal clear I was going to have to make my concept smaller. There was no way that I could build a totally new structure and expect it to work better than other facilities with so little time. You can see my dilemma. In my head I wanted to design this tough, Alcatraz style maximum-security prison unlike anything that we currently had in Britain, but my challenge would be how would I manage that if I couldn’t build it from scratch? Again sitting with my lecturers, brainstorming

what on earth was I going to do next, it was suggested I look into things like pop up prisons for disaster struck countries, or a police station jail cell. Places where the small details like the laundry wouldn’t be important or needed. This question is what shaped the direction of my research for the next two weeks or so, I did a lot of research on things like pop up prisons, that could be used in war torn countries, Police holding cells, juvenile detention units amongst a few other things. The more I researched these concepts the more I realized that was nothing like what I wanted to do. I wanted the challenge of a bigger project. They all felt to small. As iv already said, I wanted to solve

Police holding cell Britain

a problem and the more research I did the more I could say without a doubt these concepts weren’t right for me. I wasn’t fussy to spend months looking into the textures of walls or materials, that wasn’t what I enjoyed and If I had downsized my project by that amount I knew that’s where I would end up. This again triggered a sit down in-depth discussion with my lecturer, which took the direction of “you need to change your project.” Yes I had been thinking it, but truthfully I had been avoiding it. I loved my site and wasn’t happy about moving on without it. Unfortunately if I was to have any hope of getting finished in time I would have to downscale my project, but for someone who was dead set on what

i wanted to do, I had to work out How could I change my project without compromising my end game? I spent a lot of time looking into HMPS – her majesty’s prisons service, and SPS, Scottish prison service, the more I researched the clearer it became that there was in fact a serious problem with our prison service here in the UK. I knew that realistically I was going to have to compromise with the location of my project, but the concept was something that I was not willing to change. I had set my mind that this was what I wanted to do. The more research I did on HMPS and SPS, the more cracks appeared. That’s when I had the idea of working within an existing prison. Redesigning an existing building and

instead of changing its use or function I would change its Aim. Again like the others this had flaws, like I stated earlier I had a pretty strong opinion of what a prison should be like, and well lets face it, there isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t a lot of point in designing something that would technically be worse than what was currently there, but out of all my possible ideas so far this was the closed to what I had originally wanted to do. I had spent months trying to choose a concept, and when I finally managed to narrow down what I wanted to do I then found out it was near to impossible and that I had to change it again. All in all I was feeling very much like I had wasted a good 4 months to be little to no further ahead that I had started. What panicked me even more was

how easily others had managed to find sites, concepts, plans and CAD drawings of their building when all I had was an idea. The more I researched and thought about my concept, the more I was getting into it. I was starting to feel like this was something that I could do well, and enjoy doing. Early on I had felt like I was taking the easy option, and I am sure it comes across that way from where my original idea had been to now, but I was soon to find out that this was not the case. In fact it wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t long until I had found out that I couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have made things harder for myself if I had tried.

My research started to get a lot easier from there, I had a set path and knew where I wanted to

be so I gathered what seemed like a mountain of research on the prison system, and SPS. The more I researched the deeper I seemed to be in information, I soon found out that I hadn’t even scratched the surface. I am in no way saying if I could go back I would have chosen a totally different project, because now I approach the finish line I can honestly say It has been one of the most challenging but rewarding things I have done, but as I have said a few times already, it seemed to be never ending amounts of hassle and research, and all of this was before I had even chosen a site.

Another major issue with me is that again I already knew what I wanted my project to be.

This is usually how it always goes for me, I set my mind on a design and although I make small changes to it and develop it slightly, it stays mostly the same. This project was going to push and challenged me in ways this course previously hadn’t managed to although I didn’t know it yet. At that moment in time, books deep in research, I could quite honestly say I felt as if I had shot myself right in the foot. Questioning why oh why I hated myself so much, why I had lumbered myself with such a challenge, I pushed through and continued to gather research and pull together information on both the Scottish Prison Service (SPS) and Her Majesties Prison Service (HMPS). The more research I did the more I was subconsciously chipping away at my personal

view of what a prison should be. It was developing slowly, and I mean slowly, so slowly that I wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t even aware of it yet. My research started with looking at a CAT A prison, which is more commonly know as a maximum security prison, this is what I had my mind set all prisons should be like at the time. I researched not only this style of prison but what a CAT A prison actually meant. I looked into how prisoners earned their categories, and how the sentencing council worked. The more I researched the bigger the cracks in the system began, there were so many flaws it was hard to see how it hasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t been reevaluated. The more I researched the more I felt I had to focus on home soil. I set my sights on

SPS and the prisons we currently have in Scotland. There are 13 public and 2 private prisons currently in Scotland. I did a lot of research on each individual facility, focusing on where they were located, what they did, the facilities they offered, the amount of inmates they currently had and how they worked. Another big question for me was what is the difference between a private and public prison, originally I thought that a private prison was similar to a private school, for the upper class and slightly more luxurious. I was very wrong with this assumption. I soon found out that it was more about turning profits. Slightly like a slave labor camp inmates are made to work to earn the funding companies money, there seem to be a lot of flaws in the

SPS Locations

private prisons for example when they opened in 2012 and took in their inmates, there were so many things that had not been thought of, for example there were no clothes provided, there were no blankets or pillows or even mattresses. These are all things that are provided at publicly funded prisons. Coming to the conclusion that private prisons would not fork out more money to redesign or improve their prisons, especially since their facilities are pretty new anyway, I focused on the 13 public prisons. I had so many questions that needed answered for example how there staffing levels work, what areas I would need to look at or focus on, to what would be needed for a high category prison. My problem was that I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have anyone, and I

couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t find anyone that could answer these for me. Pushing this to the back of my mind I had to look at what I should provide and what I wanted to provide for the inmates. I had originally wanted to strip the prison back to basics, but my problem was I still had little to no idea of what each prison actually provided. My struggle for information lead me to search for people who had been to prison and had talked or written about their experience. I came across a book called better to be feared, written by Sean Bridges. His book was describing his time inside Saughton prison as its commonly known, or HMP Edinburgh, what it was like and how it shaped and changed him. Published in 2008, the book is a true story

Book Pages:

based on Sean’s experience inside some of Britain’s hardest prisons. At 48 years old Sean was arrested and pled guilty to fraud. His book gave me a true insight into the Scottish prison facilities. He spent most of his sentence in Saughton prison and had A very long list of complaints, top of which was the food. Apparently Saughton prison has gained a reputation for providing the worst prison food in Scotland. From his book I gathered that Sean was one of the more educated people inside the prison at the time, and this caused a lot of problems for him both with other prisoners but mainly with the prison guards, He challenged “the inadequacies of an antiquated system which effectively feeds itself - never to be short of repeat customers.”

I was beginning to question and agree with this quote; basically I read it as he spotted these issues with the flawed, outdated system, which provided an environment for inmates to reoffend time after time. This is where my project had been leading to from the beginning, producing an environment that would stop people from reoffending. It was how I was going to achieve this that was beginning to change.

Something that shaped my project massively was the research I did for my contextual essay. For this I spent a lot of time trying to come up with a concept title, I think the problem was I was struggling to find a design style, because I was so early on

in my project I couldn’t narrow it down yet. Freedom within confinement came to mind but it wasn’t quite right. I pushed my Essay writing behind schedule a lot but it couldn’t be helped, how can I identify a problem when I don’t even have a site. I spent time looking into both ends of the spectrum from American prisons, African prisons to some of the best prisons in the world, like Leoben the 5* prison. At first glance both upset me in different ways, these African and American prisons were barbaric and not right. They were treating people worse than animals and it made me question if I could do that to people they were corrupt and run by gangs inside the prisons which made people feel unsafe and in danger. Those facilities were not right and inhumane but

at the same time Leoben upset me in a totally different way, it was nicknamed Austria’s 5* prison and it really did live up to its nickname. The building was designed to be open planned and free despite its function. “A sleek structure made of glass, wood and concrete,” The Designer Joseph Hohensinn has also been defending his style of prison design saying “They are criminals, “but they are also human beings. The more normal a life you give them here, the less necessary it is to resocialize them when they leave.” I was struggling with this section more than my design process, which is saying something considering I was forever with more questions than answers for that part. I didn’t know what way to go with this. Yes I knew that the American

Chino, California. America

Leoben 5* prison Austria

prisons were definitely not the way to go with my design, but I still didn’t agree with the Austrian prison either. I spent a lot of time researching the different reoffending rates over the last 10 years in Scotland and abroad, and what I found was amazing. Over a three year period from 2005 to 2008 Austria had a reoffending rate of only 23%. This may still seem like a high number, but compared to America who had a 67% reoffending rate in the same time period, Austria was just a spec on the map. This made me question where Scotland sat on the table, and again looking through the government websites I came across tables of information, showing that in 20112012 Scotland had a reoffending rate of 29%. Although 23% and 29% aren’t that far apart you

have to remember the population difference between them and us. Scotland is a much smaller country with 5.295 million people, where as Austria has 8.474 million people. As Austria’s reoffending rates dropped Scotland’s has been rising.

I really had to choose a site. I was getting to the stage in my project where I couldn’t go any further without a site. I was eventually going to hit a brick wall, so the time had come to pick a prison, doesn’t it sound like some sort of weird game. Anyway. My thought process started with “I have 13 to choose from, how will I narrow it down?” After days of searching I began to realise it wasn’t as easy as that, it would be more of a

case of I will go with whatever prison I can get drawings for. I knew I wanted something local so that I could visit, Even though retrospectively visiting the prison was a tad trickier that I had previously anticipated, I mean there is a 6-meter high wall surrounding the whole complex. I set to searching through the different council websites for some of the older prisons in Scotland I came across changes being made to HMP Edinburgh, more commonly known as Saughton prison, which opened in 1914. Living in Edinburgh this was great, I could visit the site easily and get information from the local head Quarters, which is also based in Edinburgh. It was the best choice for my project. Saughton prison had recently undergone a transformation to

the public parts of the prison, the visitor center, the main entrance and the visiting room where inmates can see their families and friends. Although there has been changes made to the buildings these were not to improve the living condition for the inmates. And from what I had read this prison was in desperate need of improvements. You would think after deciding where and what I would be designing things would start to get easier, this was not the case, in fact things seemed to only get harder as the weeks went on. Although I never thought that this project was going to be easy I had totally underestimated just how difficult it was going to be. After weeks of researching I had little to no extra information

NOTES

Copyright: Holmes Partnership. DO NOT SCALE: Use figured dimensions only. Holmes Partnership accepts responsibility for this document only to the commissioning party and not to any other. Holmes Partnership does not accept liability for accuracy or veracity of survey information provided by others and used in the preparation of this drawing. All vertical and horizontal dimensions and levels provided by Holmes Partnership and based on the survey information provided by others must be checked and verified on site.

PROTECT-

Security Purposes. - Handle use and transmit with care. - Take precaution against compromise or attack. - Dispose by shredding or confidential waste.

2800

1100

PLANT

2800

1350

LEVEL 2

LEVEL 1

NORTH (FRONT) ELEVATION AS EXISTING

PART NORTH (FRONT) ELEVATION AS EXISTING A1 1:100 | A3 1:200

<1:20

CROSS SECTION AS EXISTING A1 1:100 | A3 1:200

LEVEL 2

2800 1350 2800

2800

1350

2800

1100

PLANT

LEVEL 2

1100

PLANT

LEVEL 1

LEVEL 1 MJ

EAST ELEVATION AS EXISTING

WEST ELEVATION AS EXISTING

2800

1100

PLANT

2800

1350

LEVEL 2

LEVEL 1

FIRST ISSUE

01.08.14 AQ

REV

NOTES

DATE DRAWN

New Revolving Door New Revolving Door

New Revolving Entrance Door

NORTH (FRONT) ELEVATION AS PROPOSED

PART NORTH (FRONT) ELEVATION AS PROPOSED A1 1:100 | A3 1:200

1:12 ramp <1:20

CROSS SECTION AS PROPOSED A1 1:100 | A3 1:200

1:12 ramp <1:20

<1:20

Architects

Holmes Miller 89 Minerva Street Glasgow G3 8LE T 0141 204 2080 F 0141 204 2082 glasgow@holmesmiller.com

2800

1100

PLANT

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PLANT

PROJECT

LEVEL 2 1350

HMP EDINBURGH WOMENS REGIONAL UNIT FRONT OF HOUSE WORKS FOR SPS

2800

1350

LEVEL 2

LEVEL 1

LEVEL 1 MJ

EAST ELEVATION AS PROPOSED

New Revolving Entrance Door

DRAWING

ELEVATIONS EXISTING & PROPOSED

WEST ELEVATION AS PROPOSED

SCALE

CHECKED

A1 1 : 200 / A3 1 : 400 STATUS

Metres

PLANNING (MSC)

NUMBER



Saughton Prison- Edinburgh Council drawings.

on Saughton prison, I felt as if I was going in circles searching the same things, reading the same articles and books but getting nowhere with any of it. The more I read the more my ideas were developing, my concept changing and I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t think I had noticed how big an impact research can make on your design ideas, usually with smaller projects because the time frame is so short there is little time research and the things you do search are topics that you already know, feel or believe are true. So this was a new experience for me at least. At least I had plans, I kept telling myself. Turns out the plans I had were mostly useless and gave me very little information on what I needed to know. It was very much a guessing game, trying to work out what

is where and who is where and how it works. I again had more questions than answers. Although the drawings for the new entrance were impressive they didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t help me to see what was going on behind the scenes. I was working from a site plan at a 1:1250 scale, which was not ideal. I managed to build a realistic and accurate 3D site plan from the basic drawing I got online and from Google maps I was able to work out wall heights and how many floors each building had, but I still had no idea what was inside each building. I had guessed that two of the buildings were cell blocks, Hermiston and Ingliston, although I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know their names at the time. It was easy to guess that the L Shaped buildings had cell blocks on either length but what was in

stone wall (ht.5-1)

NOTES

appr ox. fence line

54.31

oh=60.79 54.50

54.53

54.61

54.65

54.71

54.73

.19 oh=54

54.41

Holmes Miller accepts responsibility for this document only to the commissioning party and not to any other. Holmes Miller does not accept liability for accuracy or veracity of survey information provided by others and used in the preparation of this drawing. All vertical and horizontal dimensions and levels provided by Holmes Miller and based on the survey information provided by others must be checked and verified on site.

oh=54.12

54.78 54.44

54.82

54.79

54.79 54.91

55.37

55.35

55.75

.06

oh=61 oh=60

55.76 55.77

55.62



55.34

55.23

55.68

55.45

55.63

55.41

KEY:

eav=61.

55.43

55.49

SPS OWNERSHIP BOUNDARY

55.66

55.53



55.63

.70

55.60

55.41

ridge=63

55.52

55.69

55.62

55.55

 

 

55.28

55.24

 

    

55.35

55.34

55.63

55.71 55.45

55.74



54.79

55.49

55.66

55.68

55.52 55.38

eav=57.99

.96

54.84

54.99 54.99

55.05

55.12

55.78

55.90

55.94

55.87

55.85



55.91

55.89

55.93

55.81

SITE AREA

55.95

56.26

56.20

56.25

56.20

56.23

55.98 56.32

56.53

56.29

56.52

56.36

56.62

56.49

56.86

56.68

56.45



.61



.93

56.90

56.89





 

ridge=65.



PARKING 



oh=57.47

ridge=65.21

57.67

57.13

56.84

VISITOR CENTRE

eav=63.42



57.00

56.74

56.97

57.66

eav=62.5

57.05

57.06

56.86

57.06

ridge=64

56.70 eav=61

56.21 56.67

56.67

56.70

56.66

56.23 56.28 56.34

ridge=65.70

58.27 58.26

58.88

59.01

58.67

58.79

59.12

59.04 58.69

59.20

.5 2

59.27

S T E N H O U S E

58.43

M I L L

eav=60.7

59.18 59.44

59.44

C R E S C E N T

58.37

58.44

58.28

58.37 58.30

58.37

59.42

C 59

.42

59.46

59.51

59.50 59.64

59.62

59.78

59.90

59.99

60.59

59.90

60.52

59.93

60.30

EXISTING GATE BUILDING

59.06

 

58.84

59.29 59.23

58.30

58.78

59.04

G D A

eav=62.

58.32

58.29

58.00

58.06

58.33

E A

eav=62.99

57.96

58.16

57.88

57.99

oh=60.12

57.51

58.10

58.32

58.15

58.32

58.42

58.23

57.95

58.26

58.57

58.65

58.19

58.31

58.27

58.68 58.75

PROPOSED NEW ENTRANCE DOOR

58.13 58.14

hedge (ht2.5)

 

57.23

58.03

hedge (ht2)

hedge (ht1.4)

eav=63.8

321500E

PARKING

fence=

61.08

60.15

ridge=66.8

60.26

60.35 60.38

60.28

7.03

52.49



ridge=6

eav=

64.02

60.40

eav=5 6.31

58.56 53.19 ridge=

58.56

56.93

6.37

wal=49

.73

52.61

eav=5

 

59.58

52.89

.32

49.67

52.42

52.37

52.61

.87

wal=49 49.70

OF TE

06.08.14 AQ

INCORPORATING SPS COMMENTS

FIRST ISSUE

01.08.14 AQ

REV

NOTES

DATE DRAWN

04.08.14 AQ

49.82 wal=49.95

52.91

49.80

52.25

49.67

HMP EDINBURGH

52.48

52.33

52.47

49.90

wal=50.05

52.78

.28

49.98

=64

=64.11

Architects

wal=50.07

Holmes Miller 89 Minerva Street Glasgow G3 8LE T 0141 204 2080 F 0141 204 2082 glasgow@holmesmiller.com

49.82

50.43

49.94

53.09

53.71

50.65

51.07

50.72

50.05

50.92

50.13

50.65

50.03

50.65

53.63

51.58 50.16

PROJECT

pal (ht2)

52.76

50.66

53.51

53.27

53.25

53.29

53.46

52.88

HMP EDINBURGH WOMEN'S REGIONAL UNIT FRONT OF HOUSE WORKS FOR SPS

50.19

50.88

52.91

53.32 53.69

wal=50.21

52.83 52.89

52.91

53.34

51.13

50.75

53.49

53.36

53.47

53.22

53.48

50.18

53.51

53.36 53.44

53.10

53.51

53.56

53.54

53.45 53.80

53.41

53.57

53.68

50.82

.20

51.09

53.71

51.39 .56

DRAWING

50.25

54.30

wal=50.2

53.98

53.46

53.93

57.29

SITE LAYOUT

53.42 53.60

53.53

55.14

53.56

55.03

54.18

53.56

53.66

53.65

53.62

.13

53.39

.02

53.55

53.54

=73

55.18

53.56

57.42

54.88

oh=73.06

53.56

51.01 50.49

.16

50.24

wal=50.51

53.62

53.80

55.19

52.27

51.19

50.76

49.79 50.61 wal=50.92

55.45

oh=73.05

51.29 50.94

SCALE

57.39

top

62.69

CHECKED

A1 1 : 625

A3 1 : 1250

51.60 51.37

wal=51.39

STATUS

Metres

PLANNING (MSC)

50 NUMBER



Site Plan:

Site Section:

the square in the middle that was confusing me. I realised that guessing wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t going to get me anywhere fast nor was it going to give me information that I could work with. I needed facts, plans, and actual information instead of guesses. Through this whole process I was still under the impression that really inmates in Scotland were given to many luxuries considering they were supposed to be being punished, this way of thinking pushed me to research the prisons privilege scheme to see exactly what inmates got access to and what would give cause for the prison guards to revoke these privileges. Reading through books in the library I could see there was a gap in the times, the books were all to old and a lot of the regulations had changed

since they had been published, again checking the SPS and HMPS websites I found little to no information on the privilege schemes other than they existed. This wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t getting me anywhere fast unfortunately I had to again put this on the back burner until I could find more information. My dilemma was, that there were so many problems with prison in Scotland, Saughton prison included, where was I going to start, what problem did I think was more important than others, how would I choose where to look or what to solve. These questions had my mind reeling. How do you measure problems up against each other, who am I to decide what is more important? Yes there are some problems you can easily say out way others

for example over crowding and under staffing outweigh outdated design but what if the key to these two problems could be solved by new and improved design? I had to compare these problems with both my essay question but also my believes and findings, and although at that moment I felt my findings were very small, it turns out that the months of research had actually helped more than I thought. I could see that although both my question and my design strategy were changing and evolving, they were both always heading in the same direction, towards solving and lowering reoffending rates. Finally, I had managed to come across protocol manuals, pages on pages of research, reading

through it and combing out the information I could see that there was so many restrictions that originally I hadn’t taken into consideration. No more so than with a CAT A prison, and when I took this information back to the council website I found out there were very few CAT A prisoners, or prisoners in need of these kind of facilities. The majority of prisoners in Scotland had been rated at CAT B or C. retrospectively I think that I had already gone off the idea of sticking inmates in a dark grungy hole from researching prisons abroad, but it wasn’t until that moment that I had totally ruled it out. There was solid reasoning for it as well, it wasn’t just because I didn’t feel like it. What is the point in designing something that would

never or very rarely be needed? One of the main game changers for the whole project was a study done by the BBC, showing the percentage of prisoners who reoffend within one year of being released from prison, the study looked at and compared 6000 prisoners, 3000 of these inmates were given access to education and study facilities, and 3000 were not given access to study. The results showed that within the one year of being released 29% of inmates without access to study had reoffended, compared to 19% who had been given access to education. The more I looked into these types of studies, the link between education and reoffending the more clear it became that education had a massive role to play in the rehabilitation and

re-civilization of inmates world wide. I spent days researching the prisons education system coming across study after study retrospectively showing the gap again in the education system. The cost of an education course for one year is ÂŁ250 compare this to ÂŁ37,648 per year, which is the cost that tax payers pay to keep one person in prison for a year. A few of these studies done by different organizations really started to sink in and get to me. I knew a lot of people struggled but I had no idea just how much. I have been lucky to have a strong upbringing, to be pushed by my parents and family to try harder and have been fortunate enough to be able to try most things I had wanted to. Looking into this I could see

that there was massive link to poverty and crime, people who had not had the opportunities I had, and that were never supported or helped by others. There are 8178 inmates inside Scottish prisons. There are 87,720 prisoners in Britain. 6 out of 10 of these inmates are Illiterate. They cannot read or write. They lack basic skills that most learn from the age of 5 onwards. There was no arguing from this point on that education was going to be one of the keys to reducing these figures, it was going to be one of my main focuses. “ We have got to accept that prison must be a humane and constrictive place, not least because all but 23 of my population are going home some day” Martin Narey, director of HMPS.

What will these people be like when they are released if they haven’t been helped or treated humanely? I was starting to think more logically from there, emailing members of staff who work for the prison service, phoning people who may be able to help, I had even roped my parents into asking people if they knew of anyone who works inside Saughton prison. I had come to the conclusion that unless I could get someone to talk ‘of the record’ I would never get the full picture from behind the wall. Ideally I would have spoken to someone who was actually inside prison but unfortunately for me at this moment in time, I have lived what was becoming more and more noticeable as a

sheltered life and didn’t even have friends of friends inside the prison. So without getting a pen pal (and trust me I debated and attempted that) I wasn’t going to have much hope. With that in mind I had the idea to look for people who had been inside prison, who had written books, articles or even blogs about the place. I soon found out that actually Saughton prisonfrom the inside – was one of the worse places to be locked up. The main complaint was the food and living conditions. Due to the building being so much older than some of the newer ‘super prisons’ the cells were small, damp and dull. This didn’t do a lot for anyone staying in these conditions apart from promote depression and increase suicide

attempts. All together it was sounding pretty awful. The old, closed minded me would have thought this was exactly what these people deserved, and don’t get me wrong I do believe a lot of criminals don’t deserve a second chance, but that’s a personal opinion and not one that had to come across through my design. I do believe in second chances, and if people are willing to change its only fair I try to provide an environment that will allow them to do so. Through every decision and every conversation I had to remind myself and others that all but 23 prisoners within HMPS would be released into the world one day and how their experience would affect their choices on the outside. If we don’t help these people to grow, offer opportunities

Saughton Prison

to learn and gain skills then what is the point in the system? Luckily my lecturer at the time had a brother-in-law who worked in Dartmore prisons education facility, Robert Davis, Head Of Education. I managed to get in contact with him through email and send of a list of questions I had, at the time I had just as many questions about how the prison worked as I did about the education system in place behind bars. I tried to focus my questions to his area of expertise asking as many questions as I could think of about the education system, who wanted and used it, how they determined who did what level, the age groups of prisoners down to the facilities they have. Unfortunately I think I had

to high expectations on what I would receive back, don’t get me wrong the information was great, it really helped for me to build an understanding of what was going on inside the education system. It was just that the response I got was one of which could say no wrong. I understood there were restrictions on the information that people who work inside prisons are allowed to share, but I didn’t know that their opinions were something they weren’t aloud to give. This in turn made it tricky. I could only get factual answers and lets face it the staff aren’t going to tell me the facilities are poor or the system is flawed, because they would be scrutinizing their selves and their employers. I shouldn’t be too critical, I did get a lot of information on the

Email Response from Bob Davis:

facilities that were provided to inmates to use, and the different courses provided and declined and for what reasons. I had managed to get a substantial amount of research done, the problem now was my fight against time, I still didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have internal plans, and I had very little information on Saughton prison, Again I was starting to feel like I was living a nightmare. I was starting to hit dead ends, so I decided to go back to the beginning, what happens when you arrive at prison? Researching the protocols and procedures, I found out more and more information, when inmates arrive at prison they are assessed, told the prison rules (these are mostly the same in all prisons but do vary slightly depending on the warden), they are also told

their rights, I think sometimes people forget that inmates do still have rights inside prison, I know I did when I started this. On arrival, after their initial debrief each new inmate is given a security category based on how dangerous they are and their likely hood to escape. I had read about the different categories earlier but hadnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t thought to check when these categories were given to each inmate, I suppose it makes most sense to give them when each person arrives. I did a lot of research from there on the prison rules, the inmates rights and the facilities privilege scheme. I also came across a lot of information on the healthcare provided, support available, vulnerable prisoners care. I questioned why all inmates

didn’t attempt classes or counseling when inside prison, and I guess it may be because people are stuck in their ways, a lot of people don’t want to change and there are a lot of inmates that don’t think they need to change, again this could all be linked to their childhood and upbringing. Another thing I noticed was there was a massive difference in pay between education and work for inmates. There was a lot of talk about the cost of things inside prison and how their wages didn’t increase with the inflation of products, the thing they forget is that is the same everywhere. This discovery of the pay difference from education to work is when I realised that I was going to have to re-evaluate the privilege scheme, again I had been thinking

about it earlier but this made it clear that in order for my design to work the privilege scheme would need to be different. The big thing with this project, as I have mentioned many times, is the regulations, when looking through the metric handbook I found a few more regulations that I hadn’t known about before, the main one being Anti ligature. This was a big thing when designing a prison; everything I did and designed had to abide by this. “Anti-Ligature: An anti-ligature product is one that prevents a ligature from staying secure. The primary function of anti-ligature furniture is to deny anyone from using the hardware as a means from which to attach anything to inflict harm on themselves

or others.” There was another few regulations that the metric handbook had that I hadn’t found out through the council websites for example, the cell furniture can not be made of timber, the lighting had to be fitted flush with non-withdrawable screws. Basically I had to make sure that the inmates couldn’t hang themselves from anything inside the prison, that any furniture was hard wearing and fixed to the floor or walls with screws and fixtures that couldn’t be prized loose and used as weapons.

SUBMISSION 1: The first submission was a basic briefing document, we had to write ourselves a brief to base our projects around, create a core for me to grow my project

from. You could argue that writing a strong brief is the most important part of any project. We had to submit information of our host building from a site plan, technical drawings like plans, sections and elevations, show our research on the history of the buildings, show photographs and sketches of our buildings and show information on the volume and area of our host buildings, easy enough for some. Only my building wasn’t a building, it was a small town, made up of 12 separate buildings which I still hadn’t worked out which did what. That section was slightly tricky, although I had managed to get a site plan and plot plan showing the grounds that the prison owned I still had no idea how I was going to work out what was where. I managed

Saughton prison site plan & history information

to get history and context of the building quite easily being as it’s a council building and in the capital that wasn’t a struggle but without plans this was all-useless. The second part of the brief was even trickier, which was hard to believe, I had very little primary research apart from my questionnaire results from Robert Davis at HMP Dartmore, I did have mountains of secondary research from government websites, SPS, HMPS and many other but again without primary research and building plans I was struggling. The Third part of the brief was the easiest, that’s not to say it was easy. I was to find president information, two president of building types and two presidents of functional type, basically find two buildings that are

prisons and two prisons that aren’t prisons. I know it made no sense to me either. Either way it was asking for more plans, sections, photographs, sketches and history, which considering I couldn’t find plans for my own building I wasn’t holding up high hopes for finding plans for other buildings. I set to it researching different buildings and to begin with I was struggling a lot but the more I researched the easier it was becoming. I found a few different sets of drawings for a prison that was about to be built, Wrexham super prison, to be built in North Wales. It’s costing the government and taxpayers roughly £250 million. Due to be complete in 2017 it will be the largest UK prison holding up to 2000 inmates. There has been a lot

Wrexham super prison North Wales.

of controversy with this build due to its location, its being built right in the garden of a large housing estate. My second building president was also another currently non existent prison, in fact it was actually looking at a study done by learning works, which I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know at the time but would soon shape my whole project. It took a totally new approach to design; it took rehabilitation and reintegration as its key design feature instead of the usual principle of incarceration. Its something that hasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t been seen here or abroad yet, it provided house style environments for prisoners, it aimed its whole design strategy at young men who lack basic skills as these are the main category of prisoners we have in Britain. They have

designed their cells like apartments; they are built to be interchangeable. The whole concept was pretty interesting but the questions would it work here, in Britain was very much unanswered. Another prison I looked into was castle Huntley. This is a low category prison giving inmates the opportunity to work in the local community, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a more relaxed style of prison, it opened in 2012 and currently has 285 inmates. This prisons focus is on employment training, it also has a more laid back approach to inmates freedom even during lock up hours, inmates get control over the power in their cells and get to wear their own clothes, they also have access to kitchen facilities, I spent a lot of time researching how this style of prison would

Learning works: 21st Century prison

Castle Huntley: Open Estate

work, surprisingly this prison has highest level of escape attempts, would you believe. I was struggling to find much more information, I decided to look into prisons that were now used as something else, I came across roughly ten different examples of prisons which had been converted into hotels, restaurants and even hostels. I focused on the youth hostel, LangHolmen, It was a working prison called Kronoh채ktet, built in the 19th century the last prisoner moved out in 1975. It was bought over in 1986 The prison took roughly two years to renovate into a hostel, it was opened in May 1989. The hostel offers people the opportunity to stay in cells ranging from one to four bed cells giving them authentic stay inside a cell

without actually being in prison. OCTOBER: By October I had managed to find someone who worked for the prison, and had done for over 30 years. When I say I, I actually mean my mum. In the midst of a random conversation in the car, on a drive through to Livingston for some retail therapy, my mum had mistakenly asked me how University was going. Not the best thing to do especially considering by this point I was in full break down mode and about ready to give up on the whole thing. I told her about how it was impossible to find out anything, that I had asked around at work and University and even harassed my aunts and uncles to see if they knew anybody who worked in the prison. I was

Langholmen: Youth hostel

even up for speaking to someone who had visited the prison, because really I just needed any information people could share. This is when after a few moments of pondering she pipes up with “oh, Avril’s husband works in Saughton prison.” A sarcastic Thanks mum was my reply. I have only spent about four months trying to find anybody with a connection to the prison and she had been sitting on this for the whole of summer and more. Feeling a slight sense of relief I couldn’t stay mad for long. Looking back it was pretty funny and the research I had done did help allot. But we all like a good moan every now and then. After making this amazing discovery I had to wait two days for my mum to return to work on Monday morning to speak to Avril

(from mums work) and get her to broach the subject of “will your husband please help my daughter in her stupidly complicated project.” Luckily for me my un-named source was off work and had been for 6 months for medical reasons, not so lucky for him unfortunately. I had written up about 30 questions for him trying to cover as much as I could, I wasn’t sure just how much information could be shared – as stated earlier I hit a few brick walls with the first person that I spoke to due to security reasons. I’m sure you can imagine there are a fair few rules and regulations on what information can and cannot be shared when it comes to prison. After a back and fourth four way conversation from me to my mum, my mum to Avril and Avril to

her husband eventually it was figured the best way to go forward would be to exchange numbers, after a few text we arranged a day to talk over my questions. The reason I have left him unknown is because I was given a lot of information I probably shouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have received, I got information on all the buildings and who and what they held from the amount of prisoners, the cell types designs and layouts to what type of prisoners were kept in each wing or floor. I was also told what the service buildings were used for, from the kitchen to the education center and even the workshops. I got a lot of useful information from our conversations; we were on the phone for over two hours, which seemed to fly by.

Again I asked as many questions as I could think of to pull any information I could together, it was great, everything I wanted to know was answered and more, he told me about the different types of prison guards, their schedules their work patterns, extra information about how and who chooses each prisoners category, the furniture and fixtures, about how the beds are bolted to the wall and all furniture to the wall with non withdrawable screws. He told me about what was in each prison cell in Saughton prison, how inmates had their own TV, kettle and toilet, some of the newer cells even have small safes for inmates to keep their medication and even tobacco safe from other inmates. I was told about the changes that had been made to

Saughton prison that weren’t so commonly known, “Saughton prison has some very old buildings, that and the fact its in the middle of a residential area means there are a lot of restrictions on what can be done, Phase one of restoration was Hermiston, Phase two was Ingleston. The cell blocks were completely re-built.” “Due to building regulations, and the local community being so close there are a lot of restrictions to the layout of Saughton Prison and the changes that can be made.” The main regulation to them is fire safety, inmates are not allowed a lot of soft furnishings or clothing, they are however allowed their own clothing but it is restricted to how much

they can have at any time. Extra items can be bought and sent to the prison, but must be ordered from the shop ARGOS. I soon found out that inmates are allowed to purchase anything they want from ARGOS, and only Argos. This is because of the regulations for sending things into prison. Inmates can order anything from game stations and games to lamps. He also shared information on the education system currently in use inside Saughton prison, currently it is run by Napier university and not by the prison service, it works around the three categories of prisoners there are protected prisoners who get four sessions per week, the main body population who also get four sessions per week and females who get three sessions per week. These categories

of prisoner are always moved separate and always have work, education and meals at different times to each other for safety reasons. They also provide special classes for illiterate inmates to give them extra sessions of learning. This was great news for me. The education system was starting to improve from the prison guard’s point of view. I still couldn’t understand why it wasn’t working from the reoffending rates point of view. From my anonymous sources point of view “they do a really good job”, and he is “sure there are ways that they could improve it but it’s not drastically bad”. I also got a lot of extra information on the privilege scheme saying that Each inmate is entitled to two hours of visits a month. At Saughton prison they get

more, roughly 2/3 visits a month Things like access to phone is not actually a legally required but it is a privilege and something again that Saughton prison provide. Recreation is the main privilege to be revoked, they get their hobbies taken away or gym time revoked, and also the TV in each cell can be removed when privileges are revoked. Usually this isn’t ever an issue but is sometimes a problem for people who share cells, this is only an issue in double cells, as the TV can’t be removed unless both prisoners are being punished. This is usually when prison officers take away recreation time instead. Saughton prison also provides bonding visits, a new concept which so far is going really well for them, this is where inmates can get visits from children

related to them who are under the age of 5 years old to help build a relationship. It doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have to be their children it could be grandchildren or nieces and nephews. Again it is shown that a strong link to family and friends in the outside world is a key factor for rehabilitation and reintegration. Another thing that was shared with me was the areas inmates have access too, there are large football pitches outside for recreational time and exercise but they donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t get out for meals, their meals are served inside their cellblock. This was something I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know until now. They collect their meals from a shutter and can choose to sit in either the public areas or inside their own cell. I got a ridiculous amount of information from one phone

call, more than I had got from months of research from online and through books. The new building that have been built are mostly pre-cast cells, set up like a Lego set, they are all made with reinforced concrete. I remember him telling me when the cells were brought in the contractor handed a metal bar to one of the guards, saying do your worst, try to damage them. They obviously had questioned the structural integrity of these precast boxes, the guard started hammering at the wall and not a scratch was made. The contractors point had been made, these cells were going to last. He even sent me pictures from inside the prison so I had a rough idea what the rooms looked

Inside saughton Prison

like which was amazing, I was also given contact names of people to speak to for even more information. I started to feel as if I was finally getting somewhere with this project, I had a much better understanding of the whole building and what I wanted to do with it. My unknown source also managed to give me a prisoner schedule for day-to-day life and a list of the building names with both who was in which building and how many floors each building had. From what I gathered the things I needed most, like genuine opinions on the justice and prison service were the hardest things to get, opinions are a big NO NO when it comes to prison regulations. Luckily for me my source shared these with me, which is why I was to keep him as ‘unknown’ thus the

lack of name, He also gave me names of people to get in contact with for even more information. After more and more research to back up my interview information and constantly hassling numerous members of HMPS and the list of people who my anonymous source had given to me, I finally got an email response from Bob Sinclair – Head of physical security Head quarters. With a contact number and an email saying how he would be happy to meet to talk about the project and he would give me as much information as he could. I scheduled the nearest opening that he had and thanked him over and over for getting back to me, as so many others hadn’t. This seems to be an ongoing problem, considering that the prison is council run and publicly funded

you would think they would have been more open to helping a university student. I mean itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not as if Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m planning on breaking anybody out I just want to get through university. I am still fighting to even get a visit to the prison, I have sent a chain of emails basically begging for someone to let me in. I am getting close to climbing the wall. Anyway, back to the point, Bob Sinclair. I had made a decision on what I wanted to focus on and drive my design towards, I wanted to look at one of the older prison cell blocks and the education center, at the time I also wanted to look into the little Segregation building as my source had called but I had stretched myself a little thin, not that I knew it

at the time but two buildings was pushing it, never mind three. This was as far as the little SEG building got in my design. With this in mind I was set for my interview with a list of questions and knowledge of what I would focus on. 3rd NOVEMBER: The day of my very important meeting- which of course me being me I totally forgot all about and eventually got a call from Bob Asking where I was. A mad dash out the door and luckily for me the building is only about five minute drive from my house so I was there pronto. Bob was lovely and extremely helpful, I was taken up to his department area and shown the original plans for the building and the site plans, would you believe they wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t

let me take pictures? The look on his face when I informed him that actually I already had these documents because legally They had to post them on to the Edinburgh city council website with some information, granted not a lot, and none that was very helpful to myself, but all the same his face was a picture. I think that’s when he started to take me seriously, that in fact I wasn’t just going to repaint the building and plant some flowers but in fact had a strong strategy and plan (again my months of research really helped me here in sounding smarter than I felt at the time) he led me back to his desk area and brought up all the information on Saughton prison – if I was good with computers, hacking into that would have been first on my to do list but

as me and technology aren’t the best of friends I had to settle with taking notes at a crazy speed, he showed me pictures of all the buildings and asked me which I was going to focus on if it was all or a few, I told him about my plan and what I was looking at, explaining my design concept and where I was going with my project. This made things a lot easier, he could show me pictures specifically of the buildings I was looking into, the longer I was there the more I was convinced I was doing the right thing. They looked exactly how I had pictured them through articles and books written by people who had been released from Saughton, I was also able to match up the pictures my Unknown source gave me with the different buildings, although

I wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t admitting I already had those too, I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want to upset him to much, after all I had shown up late. All together I was in the office for over two hour, the staff were a lot more helpful in person that over the phone or email which was a pleasant relief. I was slightly worried that I would arrive and not be told anything useful at all. The longer we talked the more relaxed he felt talking to me the more information I was given and the more he was willing to help, he printed off booklets for me regarding the special requirement for rooms and sizes, which was ridiculously helpful when it came to the next hand in, it also gave me an insight into just how much was needed in my space he also printed a few images for me which came out

larger than planned and were used for my sketchbook and not much else but the best part about my visit was the fact he could show me floor by floor each building and what was inside them, he even printed me floor plans for three of the buildings, the oldest cell block which I had decided in that moment that I was focusing on - Glenesk, The education Centre and one of the newer cell blocks Hermiston. When I say newer its still roughly 10 years old so is still slightly outdated but these three things gave me a massive understanding of what the buildings were like inside and structurally what was going on inside. I also got to speak to Greg Pearson - Senior Architect HQ on my visit to head quarters, a young man to be so high up in his industry. He told me more

SPS Headquarters

Glenesk Hall - Cell block. home to 190 inmates.

of the architectural regulations and restrictions I should look at for example clear zones around the walls, he also told me not too focus on the security of the building, if I wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t going to change it, it would be to hard to improve it. He told me about the different areas and facilities within the prison, Public presence, Accommodation blocks, Kitchen, Health center, Education facilities, Work facilities, Laundry, Multi faith facilities, Games hall (physical education), Management facilities (offices), Estates (maintenance), Stores (bedding, food, furniture), Reception for processing inmates, Staff facilities â&#x20AC;&#x201C; outside of the safe perimeter, Visit facility he also told me to for the education part to have a look

at universities, colleges and even schools to see what could be incorporated into my design of the education facilities. From here I went back to my site plan adding in all walls, fences, grass areas and roads inside the prison walls. I had found my focus, Can a change of a design help to encourage learning and in turn reduce reoffending. Could this change of design help? Could I focus the design, how can I change the luxury scheme?

9th NOVEMBER: The second submission was to be two collages of work on what I though a prison should be like, and what I wanted my prison to be like. We had to choose two major spaces, this was all mixed

Education Centre.

in with my research talked about previously, so I had a few ideas on where I was going, although it had developed a lot from the beginning of my project. I started of doing a particularly textured, grungy prison cell, with severe lighting facing towards, the only furniture in the cell, a bed. I knew at the time this was only part of my design, I wanted there to be two sides to my design, the serious, punishing and bare section, mixed in with an attention grabbing area that would pull inmates towards it. I was still unsure about how I was going to achieve this. Currently the cells didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t offer much for the imagination, diversity or any thought through design at all by the look of it. My first collage looked mainly at the different textures, the

lighting and the over all feel to the room. My second area was a classroom within the education center. I wanted to change the whole feel; currently the building is bland with one long corridor running through the center with little to no natural light unless doors are left open. I wanted to take what Greg Pearson had spoken to me about, which was taking inspiration from facilities in the real world, I looked at colleges, universities and schools to see what could be incorporated and changed to improve the quality of learning provided. There has been so many studies done on the impact of your environment and how well you take in knowledge. I wanted to incorporate this into my design. I wanted natural light to hit as many parts of the building as

was possible. I had also read that nature had a massive impact on peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s learning abilities and mental health, I wanted to design something that would allow for windows to be opened, for fresh air to pour through in summer time. The building was already surrounded with grass but I wanted to incorporate nature through the internal design of the building. I focused on a modern teaching facility similar to our studios and lecture halls here at Heriot Watt. When looking at my two collages I felt that there was something missing, there was a lack of explanation to my process and design concept. Looking at my two drawings I wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t going to be changing much from the original building which was totally the opposite to what I wanted. I felt like to portray

my concept without speaking I had to do a third collage, I wanted to show the two sides of my cell. I wanted the pull, the drive of my design to come back to the link to education. I wanted the desk and study area to be where the inmates wanted to sit and spend time, instead of how they currently spend their time, usually on their beds watching TV. My third collage shows this proposed desk area. the big thing with cell design is the sheer size difference between them and normal bedrooms or apartments. I had never worked on something so small before and I was struggling with space management. From the drawings I got from Bob Sinclair I could see that internally most of the walls from the cell block were structural and would be really

Collage 2:

Collage 3:

tricky to remove or change. This was not the case thankfully with the education center. 16TH NOVEMBER: This leads on perfectly to submission three; this was a Parti (Scheme) design. Similar to the collages in submission two, we had to bring plans from other buildings and functions to place inside our own plans at the same scale to give us an understanding of the size. I had gotten my plans with two weeks to spare, for me this was ridiculously helpful. I could see exactly what fitted where and realistically how many people I could house. This was especially useful for the classroom sizes. I had information from the specification booklet I had gotten from Bob Sinclair on my visit to head quarters, this

gave me rough class numbers and sizes needed for them, but until you start to measure it out by hand you don’t really appreciate how small things are. We had to identify the structural walls and pillars within our buildings to see what could and couldn’t be removed or changed and produce different layout designs. Again it was a change for me to develop my design in such an unknown way. I could see how this benefits the design strategy and stepping away from a computer really made a difference with how creative you could and should be. Structurally the main changes I made were to the education center. I looked at both sets of the original plans for the two buildings I would be designing, highlighted their location on a site plan for anyone who didn’t

Cell block:

know Saughton prison better that their own home. I then drew out my version of the plans keeping the structural parts of the building in place, for the education center the structural walls were around the staircases, lift and around the inmates toilets near the center of the building, I then started playing about with the horrible corridor running down the center of the building. My key aim for this building was to introduce natural light to the corridor, so I set about breaking it up. Currently the toilet doors open directly to this corridor with no natural ventilation, this was another big no go, I wanted to cordon it of into a shopping center toilet style room, With a corridor leading into the toilets. Although there was artificial

ventilation above the toilets no body wants to walk past a smelly toilet on the way to classes. I then stuck in classroom sizes from a currently running primary school. I had no idea how large some of these classrooms had to be. I was loosing far too much space. I then remembered that actually a primary school would have classes of roughly 30 students, where my classrooms would have no more that 15 prisoners in each room. This made it easier. Moving on to the cellblock, I brought plans from both the new cellblock, student accommodation, apartments and even hotel room sizes to see the difference in size between some of these functions. The new cells were not massively bigger than the original cells. The apartments were all longer in length cutting

into the large corridor area. Again this building had a fulllength corridor but for health and safety reasons along with security reasons there wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t a lot I could do about that. So I worked within my means, I tried thinking of the central area as possible living areas with seating, kitchen facilities and even separate shower rooms but this was quickly ruled out due to health and safety. The hotel rooms had mostly the same problem they were too long and cut into the corridor making it narrow and like something from your nightmares. I then did another set of plans for groups to mark and evaluate, for these plans I used the same plans but colour blocked them to make it easier to read. I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t get a lot of feedback other than the

odd doors are too small, but hey they were drawn by hand, I canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be prefect all the time. I was very set on changing the service section, to open kitchens giving inmates the opportunity to make their own food if they choose to. The kitchen will provide served meals at meal times but inmates can choose to use the kitchen after service times. Redrawing the plans for the final time I had included different types off classrooms for the education center over the three floors. I had used the hand out from Headquarters to gauge the size of my rooms to make sure they met regulation. Another thing I added was fire doors at this point to make the education center safer. I also added study rooms and a large library. I was able to change

Education Center: Proposed Plan

a lot of the walls in this building like I said previously, keeping the structural walls. I had also achieved my goal of breaking up the corridor and provided a good design layout, if I say so myself. I had widened the corridor, put in larger and safer doors, made access easier for disabled inmates and staff, I had provided more natural light and created specified classrooms to improve learning. Along side these submission’s I had also been working on my contextual essay and It was beginning to come along nicely, the research for that helped to evolve and develop my design without me even noticing. One of the most important studies I had read for it was by learning works. There was so much research in

one document. They are a company based in Malborough who focus on learning and learners, from those with special needs and barriers, to the able, gifted and talented. They had been looking at what could be the next step in prison design and its clear to see its years beyond what we currently have here in Britain. It’s forward thinking, modern and from what I have read could actually work. The question is could it work here? Currently I think its easy to agree with the statement “the current prison systems are not working, for the prisoners, staff, tax payers or the exchequer, it’s also been clear for me to see that change is definitely needed if we are going to make a difference. This study, like my project is aimed at lowering reoffending rates in the

same way that I was driving for, by changing design and providing strong learning environments “Six out of Ten prisoners are illiterate”. This study had the same forward thinking as the Austrians prison system along with others like Norway and Sweden. These are two other countries who have a similar 5* prison approach, all of which I had researched in great detail and all of which argue that their system is working. Sweden has even managed to close down prisons for good due to the lack of prisoners, so they must be doing something right. Six out of Ten prisoners reoffend within two years currently In Britain. Learning works like these Scandinavian prisons have rehabilitation at the heart

of their facilities. Without rehabilitation, or education Inmates can struggle to find work, or keep their homes outside of prison. The company question why Britain keeps building larger and larger facilities with little or no change to the design or concept behind them. The government keeps pushing more money into building new facilities that don’t offer any new opportunities; they have been designed for security and control, rather than for the rehabilitation and education. When looking at recent meeting notes about the Scottish prison service, Colin McConnell, the SPS chief executive spoke out about both the SPS’s achievements but more importantly their flaws. He talks about how over the last 20 years the system has not been

6000 prisoners.

3000 Prisoners given access to study

3000 Prisoners without access to study

Percentage of prisoners who reoffend within One Year. Â BBC study

altered or changed, and how over that period of time prisons have become outdated, over crowded and in some cases inhumane. He said, for many who pass through the justice system, we are ineffective and fall short on what we are trying to achieve. He stated that we need not only to up our game; we need to change our game. This is a statement that I strongly agree with. Learning works have designed in their opinion a solution for this, by linking inmates as closely as they can to the outside world, their design styles mirror colleges, schools and even homes. Their cells will been designed to be fit for purpose, set out like blocks of flats or houses. They are laid out with U shaped floors and walk ways connecting them, on the ground

floor there is the guard station keeping them separated from the prison guards and providing both privacy and freedom. Although I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know that this is exactly the solution I do agree that itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a step in the right direction. The other focus of my time at that point was as I said, my submission drawings for sustainable and inclusive buildings class. It was a chance to explain my drawings simply and easily to someone who didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know anything about my project. I started of with the location and site plan again highlighting what buildings I would be focusing on with a few small facts like the function of the buildings, how many floors each building had and how many prisoners currently live in the cell block I am designing. This

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was the section I was strong at, I knew my project inside out and I knew more about prisons that most people ever will. I had to show a mixture of things relating to both of my buildings. Firstly being a general access strategy, again this was simple for me as all buildings within the prison are connected through tunnel like walkways. There are also roads for vehicles to access each building. These roads are mainly used for laundry collection and for taking new prisoners initially to their cell blocks. They are also used in emergencies for quicker access to different buildings. Like I said, my research had set me up strongly for this section. Because I was doing two buildings I also highlighted the how inmates traveled between

the two, both able bodied and disabled prisoners move together through the building, they travel in their â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;wingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; groups through the tunnel and as I mentioned earlier on different prisoner groups should never be moved at the same time, this is to help avoid conflicts in the walkways. For this submission I also had to evaluate the users of the building, it may seen simple enough Prisoners are the users, yes but there was more to it, luckily for me both buildings I am designing are restricted buildings meaning that visitors are not permitted inside. However it is possible that there could be disabled prisoners or staff inside the education center but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s almost unheard of to have disabled staff inside the cellblock. The education center

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for staff is run similar to a college or university with a mixture of staff from janitors, librarians, teachers and teaching assistants to prison guards. Access to the cellblock is much more restricted, there are 190 residents inside this building currently and I am designing to accommodate all 190 of them. The building is the oldest inside Saughton prison so it is impressive that the building does actually meet regulations for disabled inmates and staff. Staff wise, there is a lot less access, like I have just previously said, but there is still a small mixture off staff from the obvious prison guards to the physiologists and doctors who will be based within the cell block on occasion. Another Factor I had to explain

and evaluate for this section was the evacuation plan in the case of an emergency. This was something I was slightly unsure of, so I got in contact with my trusted source, phoning him to question the evacuation I managed to get more than enough information on the prisons evacuation plans. Enough so that I felt I could apply for a job. The education center is fairly straight forward, the building only has one entrance but it does have a fire door at the opposite side of the building. The building had been fitted with fire doors along the corridors and for the classrooms to slow down the spread of fire through the building. On the second and third floor there are refuge points for wheelchair users. The cell block was where it got

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Education Center:

Cell block:

Evacuation Plan

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slightly trickier, Due to the building being older a lot of the facilities are outdated, for example the doors in use are not lock fast doors. Lock fast doors mean in an emergency it can unlock to let inmates out quicker and during internal riots or trouble it will lock inmates into their cells. This means that when the fire alarm sounds the prison guards have to manually unlock each cell door and guide inmates out, for disabled inmates its much the same, except they have a designated guard who will guide them out the building If they are on the second or third floor they would wait at the refuge point until either another guard came to assist them down the stairs or until the fire brigade arrived depending on staffing levels that day. Again another thing I

had to look at for this was the entrance and reception area for each building, being that they are both internal buildings there isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t really a full reception area, the education center does have a small reception where each inmate is checked in to keep on top of who is where, they enter through the main corridorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s for both buildings. The cell block doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have a reception area at all, when they enter they come into the main staircase to either go up to their floor or through to the ground floor. I had kept the services and facilities in the buildings much the same. I introduces seating and rest areas with room for wheelchairs and an induction loop at the reception area and some classrooms inside the education center, apart from that the lift, disabled toilets,

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photographs from inside saughton prison:

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wide corridor and refuge points were already in place, the same with the cell block, I increased the size of the disabled cell and improved the bathroom layout to give more room for a wheelchair, i also added an induction loop at the guards desk but apart from that the rest of the facilities were retained from the original building and design. DECEMBER: Over the Christmas period I didn’t do a lot. Surprise surprise, I actually really enjoyed having time off to relax and see family and friends. This in turn made me question what christmas must be like locked up, i spent time reading articles and newspaper interviews writen about inmates locked up over the festive periods. It made me appreciate

having my family so close. Yes we had been given our next brief and I had a made a start, I had made a strong start, My problem was that I had given myself twice the work, I had two buildings to most people’s one. Although I have to admit though I still can’t say I would have done something different if I could go back, because even though I have done nothing but moan about my whole project I have really enjoyed it. I think it’s really pushed me to try harder and challenge myself and evolve my design style. I was feeling calm until we returned from Christmas break and it was a running start. The next week I spent all day and night putting together my boards to show my finished, completed and furnished floor plans along with sections and elevations for

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both the buildings. The most time consuming part of this was the small things like fixing line weights for my drawings, going into such detail on such a large building. I had started to attempt to show how I wanted my cells to look and feel and how the building would work. I also put together a functional strategy for both buildings showing the different areas and their functions. Another big part of this section of work was putting together a structural strategy for both buildings, yes I have mentioned this before but these drawings showed at first glance exactly what was going on structurally inside the building, this submission also involved a fire escape strategy which was very similar to the ones I produced

for my other class making that section slightly easier. Another time consuming part of this submission was the service and environmental strategy for the cellblock and education center. I had to show where the hot and cold water came and went, where the water tank and fuse box were kept but also the lighting inside both buildings. This was also when I decided to change the original cell windows, they are uninviting, outdated and a security hazard due to them being able to open so wide. I decided to install triple glazed hospital style windows, they will open slightly at an angle of 30 degrees, but from the top instead of the side, there is also no bars on these windows because they are made from reinforced glass.

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Proposed Heating Plan

Proposed lighting plan

Proposed security camera plan

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I had also come up with a concept. Identity. I wanted to provide inmates with an identity inside a place which strips back individuality and personality; I wanted to return part of that to inmates. I would focus more and more on this in the next few weeks. I had come up with the idea of using colours and textures to give inmates a sense of location within the building. I looked at different ways to give them their identity in such a uniform place, I thought about what makes our houses different from the outside and although blinds and curtains were out due to being a fire hazard, there were smaller things like door mats, house numbers and even

surnames on individual doors. And although Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m sure not every inmate would want their name on the front of the door it sparked an idea about giving them individual areas that they could personalize and change. Again this developed from a small frame at the side of their door into large glass panels and finally into glass cupboards almost, I am still struggling to come up with the correct name for them. Another aspect of my design I had also spent weeks developing was ways to break up the long large corridors safely inside the prison cellblock. I spent roughly a week developing and improving the shape and sizes of the storage â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;podsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; I had designed. Like the education center I wanted to break up the long space, but due to

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Cabinets:

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regulations all areas of the cell block must be easily seen, so started developing low to the ground storage pods with seating areas, they are hollow inside to store extra chairs and tables that can be used in the shared corridor area and strong enough for inmates to sit on top of them. From this I decided that I wanted to have different shapes and versions of the storage units for different functions. 16th FEBRUARY: I took this thought through to the next submission, developing two different â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;podsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; to go along side my original storage pod, All of these are designed to be portable and move up and down the corridors. Firstly I designed a Table pod, this will be used for computers inside the

cell blocks, although there wont be internet connection to any of the technology that inmates get access to it will allow them to improve their reading, writing and computer skills, which lets face it almost every job you apply for now requires these basic skills. As I said earlier, all of these items are portable and can be moved in and out of the corridor depending on behavior. This again is linked into the privilege scheme the prison guards will run. The second addition to the pods is purely a seating area. Previously the corridor was lined through the middle with metal chairs attached to tables bolted to the ground. These softer furnishings will hopefully encourage people to use the social area. This part of the project was all about

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Storage Pods.

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focusing in on one area. I chose the main corridors mainly because currently they are wasted space. I learnt from my anonymous source that the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;association areasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; as they were originally called were never used. Inmates would choose to sit on their own in their cells. Another thing I found through research for my essay is that social interaction is key to rehabilitation, encouraging strong social connections in and outside of prison helps to improve and maintain good mental health. This is something that is so often overlooked within prisons. I wanted to encourage the inmates to spend time together in groups, encourage them and entice them into an area which was nicer than their cell blocks, I mean if I was locked up in a room for 14 hours a day the last place

I would want to spend my free time is in that room. I chose to link this though to my earlier research about giving the floors an identity but also my earlier research of linking nature to good mental health and learning. I came up with the idea of using locations instead of colours. Using places around Edinburgh and Scotland to create a graphic identity to each floor. I used different areas in different map directions and distances from Saughton prison for each floor. The five places I chose to look at were the fourth road bridge, loch Lomond, Edinburghâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s botanic gardens, the kelpies and Galloway national park. Soon after choosing these I managed to eliminate the kelpies for being to new and architectural and the Galloway national part for being

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to far away. The three floors will have a large image of the floors chosen area in the center area you see when you enter your floor. I broke down each image to get a colour pallet for each floor so instead of over powering each area with large images and prints there will be subtle colours throughout each corridor. This didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t start like that, it developed slowly after doing drawing after drawing, originally I had a set in resin flooring to look like the lake with plain coloured walls and furniture, but the more I drew it out the more I realized it was going to be too much and wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t fit in with the calm laid back vibes I was going for. So it changed and changed again until I was happy with it. I also started to develop the lighting

currently in place and because the building is older and the ceilings arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t very high I thought about having hanging lighting, this thought lasted about twenty minutes and then I remembered the key rule about everything being anti- ligature.

This was linked into the last submission of the main area, it was all still strongly related to individual identity. That was strongly becoming my main concept. I had worked out the education facility as best I could, I had designed cells that would encourage learning, the next step was to create a place that would encourage social interaction, and I felt I was getting there with the corridor. The detail I wanted to focus on

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Cell block Section

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was the still un-named cupboard glass panel thing. I knew I had wanted to develop and change it since the last submission and this was the time for it. I wanted to bring it up and join it with the roof in a sweeping motion like tree branches. I spent a lot of time playing around with how I wanted the flat panel that would run parallel to the roof to look, and I tried, sketch and even built 3D models of it with different shapes, but when I put it into the space it looked busy, messy and out of place. I felt that simple was best and that it mixed well with the harsh lines of the prison doors and the soft curved of the new pods I had designed. The top half had been developed to be made from hollow acrylic and fixed to the wall and roof

with non-withdrawable screws the bottom section was slightly more tricky, it will be made of reinforced, coated shatterproof glass to make breaking them near to impossible, all the hinges will have hidden attachments and screws along with the screws being non-withdrawable. The glass panel swings open and each inmate has the choice of coloured acrylic to be decorated and slotted inside the cabinet. Every cell will have pens, wipe pads and other supplies for then to edit and change their boards. This is also good for a kind of message leaving scheme, if one inmate came to visit another and he wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t I a small message could be left on the glass to meet him somewhere. Again trying to encourage identity and social interaction. I also spent a lot of

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Corridor.

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time working out how I would put lighting inside these cabinets. Due to them being glass the only way to avoid glare would be to have lighting inside, this will also create a nice ambiance from the different coloured acrylic boards inside the cabinets. Inmates an ask prison guards to open their cabinet for them to change their board or get a new one. Again encouraging strong social relationships between the prison guards and inmates, this is something that is strongly encouraged inside the Scandinavian prisons I looked at earlier. When it came down to it this detail was actually a lot simpler on paper than I had originally anticipated. This provoked my lecturers into suggesting I do a second detail. To be honest I did agree with them

when looking at the technical drawings there wasn’t a lot to the cabinet. My second detail was the original ‘Pod’, I updated my original drawings and showed how the doors opened, the different heights and the thickness of the wood was shown. I also showed detailing in a lot more detail, showing the different handles and hinges that would be used, all with non-withdrawable screws of course but also it pushed me to do a bit more research on the material of the fabric used on the seat area, I knew I wanted to use couch fabric and from working in the retail store NEXT’s home department I knew that most couch material came with safe guard protective coating to protect it against marks, dirt and even spills but I spent a lot of time finding

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Storage Pod, Desk pod and seating pod.

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a company that supply and make Envirograf, this is a coating spray that can be used on any fabric to make it extremely flame and fire resistant. Their website has a video of them spraying a Christmas tree with it and trying to set fire to it, the tree never caught light once. It was exactly what it said on the tin, well spray, but it was what I was looking for all the same. This also encouraged me to improve my initial drawings, putting a lot more detail into them. This Envirograf spray was great, it also opened up the opportunity for a lot more soft furnishings inside the cells. I spent the next week avoiding work, I was sick of the sight of it and it couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have come at a worse time. I decided that

I had to do something but my laptop was not the solution, so I began to put together my massive model, sticking my double thickness walls together, sorting through my model people so I only had little men people, sticking about 200 of them down, putting the floors in and praying they dried straight, adding in small support beams so the floors didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t flop without two of the walls being attached, building a roof which of course was made in the wrong coloured card, Tea staining my roof to match the rest of the building. Unfortunately for me, I ran out of people before I started building the second building, so after ordering another 200 scale people I had to get my laptop out and get back to work.

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The last hurdle was soon approaching. I had four weeks to wrap everything up in a pretty bow. Would you believe this wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t as simple as it sounds, shocking I know considering everything else had been so easy up until this point. Trying to create a graphically strong portfolio and easy to read technical drawings that over lapped and lead through in an easy to read form. Yes I had all the work done, and it was just a case of formatting it but the stress was starting to get to me, between these technical drawings, portfolio and exam revision my head was spinning. I decided working constantly from my laptop wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t helping so I started to print everything I had off, writing over and altering my drawings and notes by hand. This helped me a lot to take a

step back and gather everything together. It is crazy to think that a full academic year of work can be wrapped up into so little documents. It was getting to the end and I felt like I had really managed to achieve all I set out to and more. The more I did for the final hand in the easier it got, yes there was a lot that I got stuck on and spent hours staring at the same pictures and drawings but all in all I got through it easier than I initially thought. I tried to put my technical drawings together in a way that they could be reused for the portfolio side of it. Task 1finish my technical drawings, add sizes, lighting and heating plans, I also had the thought to add in a plan showing where the security cameras are located

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in both buildings, just a small reminder of what my building was trying to incorporate. The more I did the more problems I was solving, the whole colour scheme from location thing, was great. Two of the locations I chose were totally fine. Loch Lomond and the Botanic’s stuck to the earthy calm feel I wanted, unfortunately due to the forth road bridge being red it made the third floor very angry feeling, I had to choose another location and I had just the though, North Berwick beach. Calm yellowy sand next to the greenery of shrubs and salty water, it was so much better. Even putting the boards together was developing my design. I was extremely happy with what I had achieved over the time frame, and yes I had totally bitten off more than I

could chew to begin with but I really enjoyed seeing my design develop and change. I could say I wish I had only taken on one building but my design wouldn’t have developed the same without the research I gathered for both sides of my design. I have to say my project really grated on me on occasion but for the most of it, for all my moaning, I have really enjoyed it and can honestly say I have achieved all and more than I set out to and I’m really happy with how my design has ended up. It’s been a great challenge and I can honestly say that I really enjoyed the whole thing, from the stresses and pain to the achievements and goals. Although, with all that said, I am also kind of glad for it all to be over.

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Cell block floor plan.

Education Centre Floor Plan.

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