Refugees Welcome by Clemson School of Architecture

REFUGEES WELCOME Reinventing the Architectural Possibilities of a Refugee Center in the Heart of Madrid

FALL 2017

REFUGEES WELCOME Reinventing the Architectural Possibilities of a Refugee Center in the Heart of Madrid

FOREWORD One of the discussions that emerges recurrently whenever we tackle difficult social issues through architecture deals with the possibilities of our discipline to produce an actual impact over such complex realities. This hesitation is even greater in an environment like the schools of architecture, in which the exploration of process-oriented and alternative ideas is encouraged over final and more direct solutions. In another words, the question we are asking ourselves here is if really there is a contradiction between architectureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s social ambitions and its experimental drive towards new forms and materialities? Rather than struggling to choosing between them or finding a middle ground between these two sides, the

studio presented in this publication, which took place in Clemson University during the Fall of 2017, attempted to merge them without giving up any of the essential values that each of them represent. Focused on the extremely complex framework of the European refugee crisis, the studio project demanded from the students to rethink the fundamental question of how contemporary societies treat â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;the otherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, and to use their answers as creative fuel towards new forms of urban architecture. In this way, the question of social justice in the built environment goes beyond providing a critical perspective to the world we live in, by opening, also, a cultural frame for creativity and discovery.

TABLE OF CONTENTS SYMBIOTIC EXCHANGE REINVIGORATE & INTEGRATE SUPERFICIE-AL: VENTURING BENEATH THE SURFACE

[WINNER: AIASC 2018 DESIGN AWARDS] [WINNER: SARA NY DESIGN AWARDS 2018]

MEZCLA A PATH TO INTEGRATION CONNECTIVITY HUB INTERCONNECT

[WINNER COTE TOP 10 2018]

WOVEN: EXPANDING A COMMUNITY

UFUK ERSOY DAVID FRANCO ULRIKE HEINE

INTRODUCTION PROJECT BACKGROUND This studio called attention to a serious problem that has become increasingly demanding and started to occupy the future vision of the cities in the Northern hemisphere: the refugee crisis. The number of asylum seekers who arrived in European cities only during the years of 2015 and 2016 was approximately 2.5 Million. And, this migration is not expected to come to an end so soon. In these circumstances, two fundamental questions wait for answers from architects: (1) Where and how can these refuges dwell in the cities? (2) Are there alternative to the refugee camp within these urban environments? It is difficult to overstate the seriousness of the situation produced by the European refugee crisis since 2013. Not only societies or political bodies have been incapable to respond to the massive presence of refugee from Syria, Iraq and other countries. European cities have also been unable to find a place for millions of productive –and often highly educated– people. This scenario puts an incredible stress on our discipline, as thinkers and designers of cities, reveling the weakness of architectural design in terms of its capacity to produce relevant social transformations. In such context, reimagining how a building in an urban context, and the public space around it can host refugees in a socially comprehensive way becomes an extremely significant exercise. An exercise that implies understanding and rethinking aspects as diverse as the potential role of the refugees in an urban setting, the possibilities for a positive social and architectural im-

pact in the specific site, the complexities of the perception that a building of this kind will have for the rest of the society. In this studio we used the AIA COTE Students Competition as a way to approach this problem without simplifying it, attending not only to questions related specifically to the refugee crisis but also to climate, technology, space and culture. With that end we worked on a series or urban sites in Madrid (Spain), specially chosen to put in play the questions proposed by the competition brief, as well as the general theme of the studio. GENERAL THEME Below is a short but very revealing excerpt about the refugee crisis by the Polish thinker Zygmunt Bauman, extracted form the book “Strangers at Our Door”, one of the required readings for this studio: “Massive migration is by no means a novel phenomenon; it accompanied the modern era from its very beginning (though time and again modifying, and occasionally reversing, its direction) – as our ‘modern way of life’ includes the production of ‘redundant people’ (locally ‘inutile’ – excessive and unemployable – due to economic progress, or locally intolerable – rejected as a result of unrest, conflicts and strife caused by social/political transformations and subsequent power struggles).” As Bauman explains in the text, the problem of the refugees relates to

many other excluded social groups in the contemporary capitalist society. Therefore, this project is not only a direct answer to a specific problem. It is also a way of exploring and testing how architecture can respond to challenging social and political issues. SITE CONSIDERATIONS The sites from which the student were able to chose from to develop the Refugee Center are SIX public spaces and squares near the historic center of Madrid, all of them connected around the axis the Gran Vía Avenue. Gran Vía was one of Madrid’s major urban operations at the start of the 20th century. This new thoroughfare became the main commercial and cultural hub in the city centre and the trunk route for east-west mobility. In the back streets around it, however, there are several empty public spaces within the compact historic core, which show obvious signs of spatial, economic and social degradation. One of the main reasons for this degradation was the transformation of most of these spaces in the 1970s and 1980s into roofs for underground public car parks, built without consideration of the need for above-ground public spaces, as their de-sign obeyed the technical and economic logic of underground infrastructure.

Three of these squares lie north of Gran Vía: - PLAZA DE LOS MOSTENSES - PLAZA DE SANTA MARÍA SOLEDAD TORRES ACOSTA - PLAZA DE PEDRO ZEROLO. Another three are south of Gran Vía: - PLAZA DE SANTO DOMINGO - PLAZA DE LAS DESCALZAS - PLAZA DEL CARMEN The City Council is currently proposing a total urban renewal of these spaces, including the possibility of intervention on the underground car parks and their access infrastructure (vehicle ramps, stairs, lifts, etc.). We will use this real scenario of transformation as an opportunity to develop a refugee center inside or within the boundaries of one or several these public spaces.

PROGRAMMATIC APPROACH Due to the newness of the question asked by the project, the program of the building was fully open for consideration. Anyhow, the main goal was proposing alternative to the typology of a Refugee Camp, in which refuges are merely placed, aiming only to cover their bare necessities. Instead, we should think of a building that can beyond serving as a residence for a smaller group, will also give service to the wider community of refugees. The center should also embrace the symbolic representation of the community in a especially visible area of the city. Some of the programmatic areas covered by the building could have been:

- CHILD CARE AND FORMAL EDUCATION. Schooling of minors

- ACCOMMODATION. Accommodation and support for the resident applicant and his family..

- SOCIOCULTURAL ANIMATION. Cultural activities, leisure and free time, etc.

- INFORMATION, GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING. Orientation for the social, labor and cultural integration of the asylum applicant in the Spanish society.

These were only a series of suggestions of the kind activities that the center could hold. The actual definition of the program was part of the project.

- LEGAL ADVICE. Advice and processing of requests for Asylum and shelter - HEALTH CARE. Individualized psychosocial care, group or community; Guidance on health issues and assistance delivery required through the public health system

- BASIC AND PROFESSIONAL TRAINING. Assistance for vocational training and learning Spanish - PROMOTION OF ASSOCIATIONISM AND SENSITIZATION. Collaboration with social entities (city councils, NGOs, Cultural associations, businesses, churches, communities, neighborhood associations, cultural centers and Social groupings)

CODY BLEVINS LUKE BRIGMAN

SYMBIOTIC EXCHANGE With more than 63 million internally displaced persons globally, the issue of displaced refugees specific to the Middle East and North Africa continues to press the issue to a scale of global consequence. An archive of research reinforces that persons seeking asylum primarily enter the EU through the Southern tip of Spain. Consequently, Spain has a healthy past of immigration and has no policies in place which disadvantage their citizens or refugees. Comparing Spainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s age gap to the influx of refugees, we propose to create a mutually beneficial relationship that will sustain itself as well as the context it exists within. The Symbiotic Exchange occurs under a 111,444 sq. ft. cloud occupying 85% of Plaza Descalza in Madrid, Spain. The cloud condenses physically between the woven layers of a 52,352 lb. parametrically designed spaceframe. As the life force of the proposal, the cloud shadows a 20,160 sq. ft. studio building for textile production with a dedicated 1,100 sq. ft. rooftop herb garden. Both of which are skills that contribute to the major industries in Spain as well as the refugee origin countries. The significance of the Exchange has everything to do with its location. Operating on a multitude of scales; the cloud provides a free, passive conditioning of outside air in a hot and dry Mediterranean climate. Locally, Plaza Descalza is flanked by two streets that exist as public walking markets which our proposal will strengthen. Also, being catty-corner to Puerto Del Sol transit station, the Exchange marks a destination for commuters and pedestrians alike. Economic and

cultural exchange are sustainable this way through thoughtful collaging of natural passive systems. In a climate that receives only 17 inches of rain annually, the cloud is able to effectively capture and repurpose 1,053,244 gal. of water. On the ground moisture permeates through a layered, paved surface, and is collected in retention tanks. A slow collection process accelerates evaporative cooling in warm months and decelerates it in cooler months when humidity is naturally lower. This means the temperature exchange is variable; constantly keeping the shadow of the cloud at a comfortable temperature. As moisture evaporates from the ground and reflection ponds, it is captured by a layer of embedded fog mesh on the belly of the spaceframe. A gutter system doubling as the structure of the fog mesh directs the water to voids in the skin of the canopy where it may precipitate and be retained. The biological cycle for the entire site was intentionally constructed to promote a sustainable, breathing micro ecology. Various flowers, and wetland plants act as natural pesticides while also replicating natural conditions to shelter desirable insects, and provide food for local birds. The glazed studio wall is lined with a bed of lavender to purify air and foster a healthy working environment. Integrating a displaced population will be successful here because we have not designed a facility, we have not designed a market, we have designed a living ecosystem that collapses social class in crafting an atmosphere of integration.

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STEVIE CHEN YIMENG LEI

REINVIGORATE & INTEGRATE This project aims to provide interactive spaces and proposes an infrastructure system where refugees can receive help, acquire new skills and develop their own businesses to support themselves. When they are accustomed to these refugees can assist arriving ones. The volume of whole building fits the existing surroundings and creates a conversation with the context. The design uses different passive design methods like introducing daylight, rooftop garden, water collection louvers installed on each facade to reduce the consumption of resources. The project intends to provide refugees with a complete serving system, to meet the needs from newly-arrived refugees and aid them with self-development. The organization of the program is developed vertically to reduce the impact of the new building on the existing area. The whole volume of the building is limited within the range of extended line of context, leaving out the public space in plaza as much as possible. Some floors reach outwards to different directions creating terrace space for people to rest or interact as well as shadings to hide from strong sunlight in Madrid. Located in downtown Madrid, the original site offers a large population which can be the potential current of people coming to the new building. The large staircase in entrance, which is made up with vegetation and waterscape, introduces the population into the second floor. The first two

floors are used as market space where refugees could sell crafts from their own countries or engage in other commercial activities. The third to fifth floors are used as cafĂŠ and gallery for people to hold exhibitions or display folk artworks. The sixth and seventh floor are used for multi-functional activities like lecture, exhibition and gala. The large staircase connecting the two activity halls provides sitting areas where people are able to see the plaza. The learning center is another part in the system which provides opportunities for refugees to gain access to new knowledge or skills. The learning center connects other part of the building system with a book bridge and the courtyard between the building system create more opportunities for social interaction as well as strengthens the bond between these two parts. Glass, concrete and louvers are the three main elements in the faĂ§ade that keep the building itself in a state of purity and simplicity which can help heal the refugeeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s psychological tiredness. At the same time, these two materials could distinguish the building itself from the context. The atrium can provide natural ventilation as well as daylight to the building. According to the sunlight analysis, the position of atrium in the building enable the sunlight to go into the building and provide daylight to the interior. The vertical organization of louvers consistent with the facades of context are installed in a fixed angle to keep off the strong sunlight from the interior thus lowering the interior temperature and saving consumption of energy.

Reinvigorate&Integrate

The Program

MEASURE 2: Design for Community A space was carved out from a dense area filled with commercial buildings and theaters to organize the program of our project. In our program, the building provides a market to sell their cultural handcrafts, a gallery to display their art works, a learning center to access knowledge of how to live in Madrid. In that way, refugees could show their specialty and characteristics in this space so that the citizens would have more understanding about “refugee” thoroughly.

CREATING A SYSTEM FOR REFUGEES’ SELF-DEVELOPMENT Narrative This project aims to provide interactive spaces and proposes an infrastructure system where refugees can receive help, acquire new skills and develop their own businesses to support themselves. When they are accustomed , these refugees can assist arriving ones. The volume of whole building fits the existing surroundings and creates a conversation with the context. The design uses different passive design methods like introducing daylight, rooftop garden, water collection louvers installed on each facade to reduce the consumption of resources.

Time of Use

Reading Bridge (1,500 sq ft)

Learning Center (13,000 sq ft)

0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 24:00

Multi-Activities Center

Multi-Activities Center (13,000sq ft)

Learning Center

Reading Bridge

Cafe

TUNISIA

Madrid, Spain

ALGERIA

MOROCCO

MEASURE 1: Design for Integration

The Collage

New Plaza (1,8000 sq ft)

Market

Gallery

7th Floor

Vehicular Circulation Pedestrian Circulation Public Space

The project is located in the Plaza Del Carmen in Downtown Madrid, and it intends to provide a complete self-serving system to meet the needs from newly arrived refugees and aid them with self-development. Some floors of the building extend outwards in different directions, creating shading areas for people so that refugees can feel free to engage in multiple activities and interact with each other from both inside and outside.

The upside down figures of architectures from Madrid shows the reality may not be what refugees’ think when they get their heavenly destination, sometimes it may hide dangers.

1. Activity Hall

Subway radiation area Chosen site

The overview of city Madrid

Gran Via

The Puerta del Sol

Calle de Preciados

Cafe & Gallery (10,000 sq ft)

Market (13,000 sq ft)

6th Floor 3

PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION VEHICULAR CIRCULATION

Chosen sites

ARRIVAL

INTEGRATION

LEARNING

Call

Gr an d

Vi a

LANDSCAPE

Plaza de Carmen

Refugees’ hometown has been destroyed and become a ruin, which made them leave for another place to seek new life.

e la

salu

1.Small Lecture room 2.Bookbar 3.Multi-purpose Hall

rto

Gran Via

lle Ca

ASSISTANCE

COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT

san

e alb

5th Floor 2

1.Conference Room 2.Office

Plaza Santo Domingo

Metro Station Pedestrian Circulation

Vehicular Circulation

Plaza de Carmen

PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION

Chosen sites

VEHICULAR CIRCULATION

Gran Via

LANDSCAPE

4 1/2th Floor 1.Gallery

Plaza Santo Domingo Metro Station Pedestrian Circulation Vehicular Circulation

Calle De La Salud

Ground Floor Plan

4th Floor 1

3 3

1.Lobby and reception 2.Market 3.Storage room 4. Administration 5.Equipments

1.Classroom 2.Cafe 3.Terrace

To Grand Via Calle San Alberto

3rd Floor 1

1.Classroom 2.Terrace 3.Gallery 4.Cafe

3 2

2nd Floor 2

MEASURE 3: Design for Resources

MEASURE 4: Design for Wellness

The functions based on program ideas are mainly need open space, which can decrease the needs for interior walls, so that it can reduce the use of material. Using cast-inplace concrete can have lower waste material than precast concrete.

1.Based on the analysis of sunlight and wind path, the position of the atrium is specially stabled, to make sure that at different time of a day, there always can be sunlight come into the building through the atriums.

e er Solstic

Summ

40%

NOON

MEASURE 5: Design for Energy warm can get out

tice

NOON

ter Win

Sunrise

Sols

20%

Double glazing windows

20% 20%

40%

1.Study Room 2.Market 3.Terrace

88’

1. Atrium can work for both lighting and ventilation system. Overhanging floors provide shading area for both inside and outside. The louvers installed on each façade and rooftop garden helps cool down the interior temperature.

Sunrise

40% 40%

Double layers of window not only allow natural light come into the interior space, but can work as insulation layer.

76’

S heat can come in

Sunset

Summer

Greenhouse gas emission

64’

30%

2. The louvers system on elevation provide shading in the entire interior space. Based on the analysis of sunlight and wind path, the position of the atrium is specially stabled to make sure that sunlight always enters into the building through the atriums in different time of a day.

20%

10 :00

2. Hang porous foam panel under slab in market to absorb noise in that area. Atrium and multiple window work together to refresh the air in the building, and promote the ventilation system. Greenroof not only can cool down the interior temperature in summer time, but can keep warm air from getting out during winter.

Louvers

Winter

Electricity saving

52’

50%

Sound proofing penalling

Sound proofing system absorbs a large percentage noise in some space, it also can work as atf ceiling system, cooperating with the light hidden behind.

Sum mer

10:00

Louver system helps to block the sun light from the outside, cooling down the interior temperature, which can decrease the use of AC.

rin g

In order to keep the sense of simplicity of whole building, and show the texture of material, bare concrete is a good choise.

25%

Sunset

Bare concrete

CO CO

40’

noise can be absorbed

30%

The Proportion of Noise Absorption

40%

MEASURE 6: Design for Water The main source in our water collection system is the stormwater from both the ground of the site and rooftop garden, those water from ground gathered in underground water tank, and then pumped into the water tank on roof, which also collect the water from green roof, then the gravity propels the water through the filtration process.

The Ratio of Sun-blocking

28’

40% From greenroof

4095.154 m3 JAN .

rin g

DEC

1.65”

From site

1.26”

2.01”

0.87”

YEARLY 14.61”

0.94”

16’

60%

6142.73 m3

1.14”

1.93”

OCT.

1.50”

SEP

APR.

1.73”

0.39”

0.87”

A UG

JUN.

JUL.

0.35”

10237.9 m3

Stormwater source

Average precipitation

25%

80% 8190.307 m3

8190.307 m3

Collected water could be used in restroom

0’

31527.749m3

10237.9 m3

Amount of the water used in restroom coming from this filtered water

Stormwater drainage

Atrium

Gallery

Large Staircase

Filtered water reuse

Multi-purpose hall

Filtered water availibility B

Artificial ventilation

Water-saving amount

Natural ventilation

B-B Section

MON

88’ 76’ 64’ 52’ 40’ 28’ 16’ 0’ A-A Section

South Elevation

Reinvigorate&Integrate CREATING A SYSTEM FOR REFUGEES’ SELF-DEVELOPMENT Narrative This project aims to provide interactive spaces and proposes an infrastructure system where refugees can receive help, acquire new skills and develop their own businesses to support themselves. When they are accustomed , these refugees can assist arriving ones. The volume of whole building fits the existing surroundings and creates a conversation with the context. The design uses different passive design methods like introducing daylight, rooftop garden, water collection louvers installed on each facade to reduce the consumption of resources.

TUNISIA

Madrid, Spain

ALGERIA

MOROCCO

MEASURE 1: Design for Integration

The Collage

Vehicular Circulation Pedestrian Circulation Public Space

The upside down figures of architectures from Madrid shows the reality may not be what refugees’ think when they get their heavenly destination, sometimes it may hide dangers.

Subway radiation area Chosen site

The overview of city Madrid

Gran Via

The Puerta del Sol

Calle de Preciados

PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION VEHICULAR CIRCULATION LANDSCAPE

Plaza de Carmen

Refugees’ hometown has been destroyed and become a ruin, which made them leave for another place to seek new life.

Chosen sites

ARRIVAL

INTEGRATION

LEARNING

Gran Via

COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT

ASSISTANCE

Plaza Santo Domingo Metro Station Pedestrian Circulation Vehicular Circulation

Plaza de Carmen

PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION

Chosen sites

VEHICULAR CIRCULATION

Gran Via

LANDSCAPE

Plaza Santo Domingo Metro Station Pedestrian Circulation Vehicular Circulation

The Program

Time of Use

Reading Bridge (1,500 sq ft)

Learning Center (13,000 sq ft)

0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 24:00

Multi-Activities Center

Multi-Activities Center (13,000sq ft)

Learning Center

Reading Bridge

Cafe

New Plaza (1,8000 sq ft)

Market

Gallery

7th Floor 1. Activity Hall

Cafe & Gallery (10,000 sq ft)

Market (13,000 sq ft)

6th Floor 3

Gr an d

Vi a

Cal

le d

e la

salu

1.Small Lecture room 2.Bookbar 3.Multi-purpose Hall

rto

san lle Ca

e alb

5th Floor 2

1.Conference Room 2.Office

1 2 1

4 1/2th Floor 1.Gallery

Calle De La Salud

Ground Floor Plan

4th Floor 1

3 3

1.Lobby and reception 2.Market 3.Storage room 4. Administration 5.Equipments

1.Classroom 2.Cafe 3.Terrace

To Grand Via Calle San Alberto

3rd Floor 1

1.Classroom 2.Terrace 3.Gallery 4.Cafe

3 2

2nd Floor 2

1.Study Room 2.Market 3.Terrace

MEASURE 3: Design for Resources

MEASURE 4: Design for Wellness

lstice

er So

Summ

40%

NOON

MEASURE 5: Design for Energy warm can get out

Sunrise

N NOON

ter Win

tice

Sunrise

Sols

20%

Double glazing windows

20% 20%

40%

40% 40%

Double layers of window not only allow natural light come into the interior space, but can work as insulation layer.

Sunset

In order to keep the sense of simplicity of whole building, and show the texture of material, bare concrete is a good choise.

Summer

Louvers

heat can come in

Bare concrete

CO CO

25%

Sunset

Winter

20%

30%

40%

Electricity saving

Greenhouse gas emission

Louver system helps to block the sun light from the outside, cooling down the interior temperature, which can decrease the use of AC.

50%

Sound proofing penalling

Sound proofing system absorbs a large percentage noise in some space, it also can work as atf ceiling system, cooperating with the light hidden behind.

noise can be absorbed

The Ratio of Sun-blocking

The Proportion of Noise Absorption

Atrium

Gallery

Large Staircase

Multi-purpose hall

88’ 76’ 64’ 52’ 40’ 28’ 16’ 0’ A-A Section

88’

76’

10 :00 AM

64’

mer

10:0 0AM

rin g

52’

Sum

40’

28’

40% From greenroof

4095.154 m3 JAN.

DEC

rin

1.65”

OCT.

From site

1.26” R.

2.01”

0.87”

YEARLY 14.61”

0.94”

16’

60%

6142.73 m3

1.14”

1.93”

APR

1.73”

0.39”

0.87”

JUL.

JUN.

0.35”

10237.9 m3

1.50”

SEP.

Stormwater source

Average precipitation

25%

80% 8190.307 m3

8190.307 m3

Collected water could be used in restroom

0’ 10237.9 m3

31527.749m3

Amount of the water used in restroom coming from this filtered water

Stormwater drainage Filtered water reuse Filtered water availibility B

Artificial ventilation

Water-saving amount

Natural ventilation

B-B Section

MON

South Elevation

SOLENE CLAVEL ANDREW COLLINS KATIE KOWALSKI

SUPERFICIE-AL: VENTURING BENEATH THE SURFACE Beginning in 2012, a rising number of migrants journeyed to western Europe, seeking asylum from economic hardship and war-torn countries in what the world now refers to as the “refugee crisis”. During their travels, refugee’s cell phones become their lifelines, affording them access to locations of refugee camps, various government services, and contact with family members. Yet, this same accessibility to resources is not so easily found upon arrival into Madrid. Immigrants become alienated from Spanish society due to a lack of language training programs, employment opportunities, and government aid, making it difficult for them to truly integrate within their new culture. To bridge this gap, Superficie-al seeks to use the already familiar lifeline of the cell phone to bring in both refugees and residents of Madrid and create meaningful physical connections through integrative programs and open spaces. It’s name (a play on the Spanish word for surface and the English, superficial) goes beyond surface level by challenging media’s perception of refugees as a superficial condition and highlighting technology’s importance in understanding their needs. One of the key aspects of this proposal is the building’s ability to respond to users on a personal level – through their cellphone. An application specific to the building provides a gateway to its programs, allowing users to filter and choose the services they require. As technologies shift and building methods advance, the digital feedback loop created in Superficie-al will respond and adapt to conditions based on user demand. This connectivity, as well as energy and water movement, is manifested

in “energy columns” found throughout the central open-air portion of the structure. These columns perform multiple functions, including funneling down the energy collected by solar panels above to capacitors that provide wireless charging on each level. They also capture and circulate water through the building and down to cisterns in the existing unused parking garage below, which doubles as a space to pre-condition forced air. The columns also provide support for the large roof above, which shades the space from Madrid’s hot, dry weather, and plays host to BIPV panels, rock gardens and walkable surfaces. The building’s form follows the perception of the refugee by creating a subtle landscape with a strong emphasis on sightlines. Users can meander along the sloping paths and find themselves in an open courtyard looking up at the faceted surface overhead, or, they can wind up fifty feet above looking out over busy Spanish streets. By adopting the properties of a traditional plaza, the paths created take into account the various velocities at which people move across the space, making plenty of room for possible social interactions. Similarly to how refugees rely on technology during their travels, the infrastructure of Superficie-al supports interaction and access to a new physical network through a technological platform. This proposal is about connecting and integrating newcomers and city residents through positive interactions that not only add to the existing digital, physical, and infrastructural networks, but also support a sustainable life cycle for the building.

BERT NASH BRITTANY DECHANT

MEZCLA There is a humanitarian crisis in the middle east. People have been fleeing war to start a new life in Europe. This has created hostile tensions among most European citizens. The architectural response to this problem thus far is to isolate refugees from the rest of the European population. Camps, slums, and isolated neighborhoods are the current urban response to the problem. People are always sacred of what they cannot see and cannot relate. Though, Spain remains a very receptive culture to immigrants despite tensions elsewhere. They have had a long history with accepting asylum seekers from Africa and South America. Our project aims to create a Center for Integration in the heart of Madrid, among the population. A center of refuge in the most vibrant sector of Madrid, for those who need it most. We have designed MEZCLA (spanish for â&#x20AC;&#x153;Mixtureâ&#x20AC;?), a space to empower the refugees and connect them to the public. The typical refugee is misunderstood, has endured emotional and physical trauma, and is disoriented upon arrival in a foreign country. As a direct response to each of these issues, our project aims to HEAL, INTEGRATE, and SETTLE these refugees. Our site is taking an abandoned, underground parking structure in downtown Madrid and carving into it and placing three separate but connected structures. Atop the parking garage is the Plaza de Santo Domingo, a large, unsuccessful urban space. We plan on dividing this large space into three small distinct outdoor plazas with our intervention. By reducing the size of

the space to the human scale, each plaza will have a unique identity: the integration plaza, the community plaza, and the ecology plaza. Public space and the culture of walking are extremely important to the average Madridian. Therefore, we lifted our services building above the plaza to continue the space beneath, through, up, and into the building. Every space in the building is open to the public. 80% of the year 72% of the building is filled with fresh air in a shaded, temperate, unconditioned environment that blurs the line between inside and out. The smell of plaza(s) will fill the building. Where necessary, pods of conditioned space are placed to provide classrooms, healthcare, and offices. As for program, our buildings will be 1) a services building (24000 sqft) with job training, language classes, a health clinic, and office space. Connected to all three of our outdoor plazas, this building is the anchor of the site and the primary refuge for immigrants needing assistance. 2) A restaurant (7000 sqft) open to the public as an integration space. The outdoor balconies provide shaded areas to eat while overlooking the integration and community plazas. This program will also provide job opportunities for refugees. 3)Also a transportation hub (2000 sqft) linking the site to the adjacent metro station, bus stop, and bike station. Along with the restaurant and the services building, the hub forms the integration plaza, a place for gathering, eating, relaxing, and playing for everyone.

LINETTE GREEN ASHLEY JENKINS

A PATH TO INTEGRATION The current refugee crisis in Europe has become a major issue in recent years. One of the major issues pertaining to the crisis is creating a space for the refugees that is both welcoming, and helps to integrate them into the hosting countries culture. This project takes place in the heart of Madrid, Spain. Spain’s refugee integration process is broken down into several phases and this project aims to create spaces to assist them along the entire process. Three sites were chosen in various parts of the city in order to do this. The first site, Plaza de Pedro Zerolo, is meant to house a hostel and medical/legal center for the refugees. This site will be used during the refugee’s initial arrival into the city. During up to the first 30 days, the refugee’s must await approval of their initial asylum application. During that time period, they are not legally allowed to roam the country. This location will allow them access to all of the services they may need during that time and is adjacent to various other hostels and restaurants which could be utilized in the event that overflow space is needed. The second and third sites are meant to house different services during the remainder of their integration process. Site two, Plaza De Santa Maria, would house an office center and contain offices for legal, counseling, and medical services. The third and final site, Plaza De Santo Domingo, whose development will be the main focus of this project houses a conference center, education center, daycare, café,

lounge, and various external plazas for social interaction. The lowest floor contains a conference center which would house various community events and career fairs which could aid in integrating the refugees within the Spanish workforce. The second floor contains an IT center, library, media center, and open classrooms which give the refugees a space to use the internet for free, and attend various courses such as language and cultural integration. The third floor, which connects to the major street of Gran Via and is therefore considered the main level, contains a café with attached lounge and a separate entry for the daycare which takes up the entire fourth floor. The top floor contains a bar and lounge area which is closed off to the public during the day and opened up at night. Running through the back of the building is a grand stair case which connects all of the programs together. The floors are pulled back such that at any location within the building an individual can see all of the levels. The main objective for this programming is to create spaces for the refugees to not only meet their needs, but also to interact with other individuals, whether they be locals or tourists. Because the site is located among one of the highest tourist areas, the diversity of individuals interacting within the site would help the refugees not feel as alone with being unfamiliar with the area. The main message of this project is to break the stereotype of the refugee and to teach others that anyone could at any moment become one.

AMANDA KRISTOFF ELISA PADILLA

HEALING [THE] GROUND Healing [the] Ground is an architectural project in Madrid, Spain in response to the current refugee crisis in the European Union. The project is a radical reuse and adaptation of an existing underground parking that eliminates 481 car spots in the heart of Madrid. Having 66% of the total existing area being reused for passive air-cooling, 84% of the infrastructure recycled, 143% of storm water captured and stored on site, and only 5,900 of new sqft of built intervention, the project is highly active in the ecosystem of the city. As of today, 1.3 Million refugees -the majority from Middle Eastern countries- have fled their homelands seeking asylum in the EU. In 2015, Spain made a commitment to the relocation of 9,363 refugees but only 1,286 have been officially relocated. Madrid has vocalized an exceptional positive feeling towards welcoming refugees into their community making our site a prime location for our project. Through the architectural intervention proposed driven by adaptive re-use strategies and passive systems, our project’s program focuses on creating a shared space for both refugees and locals to interact and avoid isolation. It encourages the integration of refugees into their new community through the manipulation of the urban landscape and the spatial qualities of the built environment. The site is the Santa Maria Soledad de Torres Acosta Plaza located just North of the major circulation vein, Gran Via. Currently, the existing space holds a vast and underused plaza with three levels of parking below grade.

Our proposal is to renovate the plaza creating a healing ground for refugees while simultaneously providing a sustainable design solution through the recycling of the existing, yet, underused parking structure. The introduction of local flora and fauna and passive systems play a key role in the overall design strategy. Having the majority of the program located below grade, allows us to maintain an open plaza space at ground level while taking advantage of the open space left by the parking structure. Canopies of varying programs symbolize protection and a helping hand for refugees. The Integration Center and the Children’s Center are designed to foster a safe place for refugees that seek help. A Café at ground level, right above a Gallery space promotes the interaction and cultural acceptance between locals and refugees. The landscape design has been meticulously thought out by selecting specific plant species local to the region and native to the refugee countries not only to create a comforting and welcoming environment, but to attracts local fauna such as birds and butterflies into the courtyards. Pre-conditioned air provides thermal comfort in the hot and dry climate while a water retention system supports a natural urban landscape created throughout the plaza. The programmatic elements of the site suit the needs of both refugees and locals providing plenty of opportunity for social interaction. By addressing the wellness of the refugees, the community as a whole begins to thrive. Ultimately the goal of the project is to help provide resources and opportunities to lessen the burden of integration and create a sustainable space resulting in communal wellness.

HEALING [THE] GROUND

EU PLAN FOR RELOCATION

DESIGN FOR WELLNESS

DESIGN FOR INTEGRATION Re-purposing an existing parking garage structure to integrate passive design strategies such as preconditioning air, and water retention. Passive strategies lessens the dependency on forced heating and cooling systems.

Addressing the wellness of refugees by providing resources and guidance to lessen the burden of integration, and educating locals to improve acceptance of refugees within the existing community.

A PASSIVE DESIGN INTERVENTION OF AN EXISTING PARKING STRUCTURE

481 EXISTING PARKING SPOTS

245,500 CUBIC FEET REUSED

5,900 SQUARE FEET NEW

84% RECYCLED INFRASTRUCTURE

to be removed and re-purposed with the renovation of the existing plaza

O LL A

22,500,000

in the new building volume from the existing parking garage structure

refugees seeking asylum globally

I VA E DE SIL LLE LL CALL CA

G RA N

IIG G U EL

TUDE TU DESC SCOS OS

VIA

Refugees seeking asylym in EU

1,300,000

N CO N O IIO PC CE

construction beyond the existing infrastructure, minimizing the necessary impact

facilitates passive design strategies such as pre-conditioned air and water retention

AL EN AR

122,650

persons seek refuge by traveling across the Mediterranean

25,392

refugees relocated from Greece and Italy

C LL CA LLE E DE E LA LU LUNA NA A

CAFE: A welcoming and inviting space for both refugees and locals to gather.

66,400

BUTTERFLY COURTYARD:

Quota of refugees to relocate across the EU

Local ﬂora species are used to attract local species of butterﬂies.

Madrid

SHADING STRATEGIES: Overhang and sun panels help to control solar heat gain.

Refugees entering Spain thus far in 2017

BIRD COURTYARD: Local

13,682

tree species are used to attract local bird species.

...and counting

PROGRAM

CAF

RE-PURPOSED PARKING:

481 existing parking spots below the plaza are eliminated, but the existing structure is recycled to support passive design strategies.

Y LER

GAL

INT

481

100

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS: Existing roadways are converted to pedestrian only access after eliminating on site parking to encourage alternate transportation.

CARS ELIMINATED

LOCAL LANDSCAPE: Landscape

SHADING PANELS: Panels are

CE RATIO NT ER N

WALKING SCORE

CHILDREN’S CENTER: Provides

Transforming an existing underutilized plaza into an attraction for both locals and refugees by providing programmatic needs for both user groups. Dividing the plaza into three levels creates more intimate spaces to promote cross interaction between users.

strategically position to follow the sun path, rotated panels control the timing and admittance of direct sunlight throughout the year.

ION RAT EG TER INT CEN

attracts local fauna and creates comforting environment.

DESIGN FOR DISCOVERY

care and resources to help ease refugee children into a new place.

FAUNA HABITATS: Recesses within the building facade’s provide an urban location for local fauna to build nests.

CH ILD CE RE NT N’S ER

COURTYARDS Y ERFL

BUTT

BIR

RE RE -PURP -PU RP OSED OS ED PARK PA ING RK ING FO FO R PR R WA E-C TE ONDIT R CO ION LLE ED CT AIR ION

RBS

+3’ GRAN VIA LEVEL

PLAZAS

LEV

VIA

R TE IN

RE-PURPOSED STRUCTURE:

SP 3:0 RIN 0P G M EQ

-3’

E LSTIC

RE RE -PURP -PU RP OSED OS ED PARK PA ING RK ING FO FO R PR R WA E-C TE ONDIT R CO ION LLE ED CT AIR ION

EXISTING PARKING STRUCTURE

SO LS 11 TIC :0 0A E M

ER SO W NT M WI 1:00P

N VIA

GRA

0’ -

UIN

Eliminates all existing parking spots, and re-purposes the space to support passive design strategies.

O X

SUMM S 6:00 ER PM SO

LSTIC

FALL

X UINO M EQ 00AM 9:

GALLERY: The gallery provides an opportunity for cultural expression, creating more acceptance in the community between locals and refugees.

CAFE

Y ERFL

BUTT

A BIR

Retaining rainwater on site in a hot and dry climate to maintain landscape integrated throughout the plaza.

INT

RA TIO

PRECONDITIONED AIR: Air is drawn and pre-conditioned in the existing concrete cavity to cool buildings on site and those surrounding the plaza.

DESIGN FOR WATER

LUN

PLA

RBS

CH ILD CE RE NT N’S ER

INTEGRATION CENTER: The integration provides resources to help lessen the burden of integration for refugees into the local community.

HERB COURTYARD: An herb garden Madrid averages about 18 inches of rainfall per year

DESIGN FOR COMMUNITY Creating a communal space for both refugees and locals to foster interactions and promote integration into the community.

35,000 sq. ft of permeable pavers across the plaza ﬂoor

320,000 gallons of rainwater collected in retention tanks per year

with local ﬂora species is maintained by the users of the integration center, creating a sense of a new community.

Grey water used to maintain and support local landscape species

WATER RETENTION: Permeable pavers collect 320,000 gallons of rainwater per year. The greywater stored in retention tanks is recycled to support the landscape.

DESIGN FOR ECONOMY Working within the framework of the existing structure provides a cost-effective construction. In addition, the plaza renovation will continue to stimulate the local economy and local businesses.

DESIGN FOR CHANGE

DESIGN FOR ECOLOGY

Although the program is in response to the current refugee crisis in Europe, the design allows for the future ﬂexibility of civic function. Flexible meeting and office spaces easily allow for programmatic changes without requiring the building to be reconstructed.

Native ﬂoras are planted throughout the plaza to create a comforting urban ecology and to attractive local fauna species. Landscape provides 13,520 lbs of O2 to offset CO2 levels in the urban setting.

CAFE: Provides a common cultural gathering space, easily accessible and open to the main plaza.

fall

CHILDREN’S CENTER: Addressing the need for assistance within refugee children as they’re forced to integrate into a new and foreign community

spring

summer

Russian Olive Tree Elaeagnus angustifolia 16-23 ft

European Goldﬁnch Carduelis carduelis

winter

tree

bush

seeds

ﬂowers

fruit

medical use

need sun

drought tolerant

EXISTING STRUCTURE RECYCLED FOR PRE-CONDITIONING AIR

PRE-CONDITIONING AIR

BIRD COURTYARD

EXISTING STRUCTURE RECYCLED FOR WATER RETENTION

WATER RETENTION

DESIGN FOR ENERGY Passive heating and cooling design strategies, reduce the energy usage of the building. 66% of the building envelope is surrounded by thermal mass below grade, decreasing the temperature ﬂuctuation, and the need for active systems. Cercis siliquastrum Judas tree 32-40 ft

Common House Martin Delichon urbicum 1 E

European Robin Erithacus rubecula 6

PLAZA LEVEL

Provence Hairstreak Tomares Ballus

INTEGRATION CENTER: Provides resources offices such as job training, legal aid, psychological counseling, and housing information to help integrate refugees into the local community.

expression in the community, to improve acceptance and integration.

UNDERGROUND LEVEL GALLERY 1 Exhibition Space 2 Butterﬂy Courtyard 3 Office 4 Storage 5 Restrooms

INTEGRATION CENTER 6 Flexible Use Spaces 7 Conference Room 8 Kitchen 9 Bird Courtyard 10 Welcome Area 11 Counseling Spaces 12 Resource Offices 13 Training Rooms 14 Herb Garden CHILDREN’S CENTER 15 Arts + Crafts Area 16 Play Area 17 Reading Nooks

10 E

NEW TREES PLANTED ON SITE

Lavender cotton Santolina chamaecyparissus

2 E

DESIGN FOR RESOURCES Reducing material consumption and carbon footprint by reusing material from the existing parking structure. Cast in place concrete work reduces transportation of materials to site, and it also takes advantage of local skilled masonry workers.

FLEXIBLE USE SPACES: Community rooms, accessed directly off the courtyards, allow for a ﬂexible use for a range of users throughout the community.

143%

5 11

14 12

LANDSCAPE Local species are used to promote a sense of comfort and healing, and also offset the carbon dioxide levels in the urban setting.

Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis

STORMWATER MANAGED ON SITE

11 13

PERMEABLE PAVERS Concrete permeable pavers allow for water collection, and natural ﬁltration through aggregate before entering retention tanks.

Syringa Vulgaris Common Liliac tree 20-23 ft

European Peacock Inachis io

13,725

BUTTERFLY COURTYARD

CU. FT. RECYCLED AGGREGATE

58°F

AVERAGE ANNUAL GROUND TEMPERATURE

84%

STRUCTURE RECYCLED FOR PASSIVE STRATEGIES

CAST IN PLACE CONCRETE Recycled aggregate taken from the existing parking structure is used to limit the need of delivering additional materials to the site.

PRE-CONDITIONED AIR Air is drawn below grade where it travels through a series of chambers, naturally cooling it before entering the buildings.

EXISTING RECYCLED STRUCTURE Recycling the existing parking garage structure in the renovation minimizes the extent of new construction required.

BUTTERFLY COURTYARD Iberian Marbled white Melanargia lachesis Spanish moon moth Graellsia isabelae

320,000 GALLONS OF WATER COLLECTED PER YEAR

Elm tree Ulmus Minor Up to 90 ft European Serin Serinus serinus

INTEGRATION CENTER INTERIOR

Passive strategies include preventing solar heat gain through the overhang and panel shading system, and pre-conditioned air which eliminates the need for forced cooling systems.

FA 35 LL % EQ D IR UIN EC O T X SU N

HERB COURTYARD

GALLERY: Promotes a multi-cultural

PASSIVE COOLING:

Passive strategies include insulating the building with thermal massing below grade, and absorbing the solar heat gain from the low angle winter sun entering the building.

Lavender Lavandula

INTEGRATION CENTER 6 Atrium 7 Community Space CHILDREN’S CENTER 8 Welcome Area 9 Reading + Play Area

HEATING

PASSIVE HEATING:

WATER RETENTION TANKS Water tanks in the lower level of the existing parking garage parking collect and manage store water from the plaza above.

WIN 80 TER % DIR SOL EC STIC TS UN E

E TIC LS N SO SU ER T M EC M IR SU % D 0

CAFE 1 Seating Area 2 Bar 3 Kitchen 4 Restroom

COOLING

HEATING

8 9

66%

BUILDING ENVELOPE SURROUNDS GROUND

SHADING PANELS The aluminum shading panels allow for 40% permeability of direct sunlight, minimizing heat gain but maximizing sunlight into spaces below.

HEALING [THE] GROUND

EU PLAN FOR RELOCATION

DESIGN FOR WELLNESS Addressing the wellness of refugees by providing resources and guidance to lessen the burden of integration, and educating locals to improve acceptance of refugees within the existing community.

A PASSIVE DESIGN INTERVENTION OF AN EXISTING PARKING STRUCTURE

O LL A

22,500,000 refugees seeking asylum globally

I VA IL CALLE DE S

G RA N

IG U

TUDE TU DESC SCOS OS

VI A

Refugees seeking asylym in EU

1,300,000

CO N IO PC CE N AL EN AR

122,650

persons seek refuge by traveling across the Mediterranean

25,392

refugees relocated from Greece and Italy

C LL CA LLE E DE E LA LU LUNA NA A

66,400 Quota of refugees to relocate across the EU

Madrid

Refugees entering Spain thus far in 2017

13,682

...and counting

RE-PURPOSED PARKING:

CAFE Y LLER

PROGRAM

481 existing parking spots below the plaza are eliminated, but the existing structure is recycled to support passive design strategies.

481 CARS ELIMINATED

100

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS: Existing roadways are converted to pedestrian only access after eliminating on site parking to encourage alternate transportation.

WALKING SCORE

SHADING PANELS: Panels are strategically position to follow the sun path, rotated panels control the timing and admittance of direct sunlight throughout the year.

ON ATI GR TER INTE CEN

IN TE G CE RAT IO NT ER N

DESIGN FOR DISCOVERY Transforming an existing underutilized plaza into an attraction for both locals and refugees by providing programmatic needs for both user groups. Dividing the plaza into three levels creates more intimate spaces to promote cross interaction between users.

CH IL CE DRE NT N’S ER

COURTYARDS Y ERFL

BUTT

BIR

S RE RE -PUR -P P UR OS PO ED SE PA D RK PA IN RK G IN FO G R FO PR R W E-C AT ON ER D CO ITIO LL NE EC D TIO AIR N

HER

N +3’ GRA EL VIA LEV

LEVE

ICE

Y ERFL

BUTT

E LA

PLAZ

BIR

IN TE G CE RA NT TIO ER N BS

HER

CH IL CE DRE NT N’S ER

DESIGN FOR COMMUNITY Creating a communal space for both refugees and locals to foster interactions and promote integration into the community.

SO L 11 STI :0 CE 0A M R

NO X

SUM 6:0 MER 0PM SOL ST

CAFE

SP 3: RIN 00 G PM E

’

-3

VIA

STIC

A GR

VIA

SOL

EXISTING PARKING STRUCTURE

GRAN

TER WIN M P 1:00

0’ -

RE RE -PUR -P P UR OS PO ED SE PA D RK PA IN RK G IN FO G R FO PR R W E-C AT ON ER D CO ITIO LL NE EC D TIO AIR N

PLAZAS

L FAL

OX UIN AM 0 9:0

481 EXISTING PARKING SPOTS

245,500 CUBIC FEET REUSED

5,900 SQUARE FEET NEW

84% RECYCLED INFRASTRUCTURE

to be removed and re-purposed with the renovation of the existing plaza

in the new building volume from the existing parking garage structure

construction beyond the existing infrastructure, minimizing the necessary impact

facilitates passive design strategies such as pre-conditioned air and water retention

CAFE: A welcoming and inviting space for both refugees and locals to gather. BUTTERFLY COURTYARD: Local ﬂora species are used to attract local species of butterﬂies.

SHADING STRATEGIES: Overhang and sun panels help to control solar heat gain.

BIRD COURTYARD: Local tree species are used to attract local bird species.

LOCAL LANDSCAPE: Landscape attracts local fauna and creates comforting environment.

CHILDREN’S CENTER: Provides care and resources to help ease refugee children into a new place. FAUNA HABITATS: Recesses within the building facade’s provide an urban location for local fauna to build nests.

RE-PURPOSED STRUCTURE: Eliminates all existing parking spots, and re-purposes the space to support passive design strategies.

GALLERY: The gallery provides an opportunity for cultural expression, creating more acceptance in the community between locals and refugees.

PRECONDITIONED AIR: Air is drawn and pre-conditioned in the existing concrete cavity to cool buildings on site and those surrounding the plaza.

DESIGN FOR WATER Retaining rainwater on site in a hot and dry climate to maintain landscape integrated throughout the plaza.

INTEGRATION CENTER: The integration provides resources to help lessen the burden of integration for refugees into the local community.

HERB COURTYARD: An herb garden Madrid averages about 18 inches of rainfall per year

35,000 sq. ft of

320,000 gallons of

Grey water used to

permeable pavers across the plaza ﬂoor

rainwater collected in retention tanks per year

maintain and support local landscape species

with local ﬂora species is maintained by the users of the integration center, creating a sense of a new community.

WATER RETENTION: Permeable pavers collect 320,000 gallons of rainwater per year. The greywater stored in retention tanks is recycled to support the landscape.

DESIGN FOR CHANGE

DESIGN FOR ECOLOGY

CAFE: Provides a common cultural gathering space, easily accessible and open to the main plaza.

fall

CHILDREN’S CENTER: Addressing the need for assistance within refugee children as they’re forced to integrate into a new and foreign community

spring

summer

Russian Olive Tree Elaeagnus angustifolia 16-23 ft

European Goldﬁnch Carduelis carduelis

winter

tree

bush

seeds

ﬂowers

fruit

medical use

need sun

drought tolerant

BIRD COURTYARD

Cercis siliquastrum Judas tree 32-40 ft

Common House Martin Delichon urbicum 1

8 9

European Robin Erithacus rubecula 6

PLAZA LEVEL CAFE 1 Seating Area 2 Bar 3 Kitchen 4 Restroom

Provence Hairstreak Tomares Ballus

Lavender Lavandula

INTEGRATION CENTER 6 Atrium 7 Community Space CHILDREN’S CENTER 8 Welcome Area 9 Reading + Play Area

HERB COURTYARD

GALLERY: Promotes a multi-cultural expression in the community, to improve acceptance and integration.

INTEGRATION CENTER: Provides resources offices such as job training, legal aid, psychological counseling, and housing information to help integrate refugees into the local community.

UNDERGROUND LEVEL GALLERY 1 Exhibition Space 2 Butterﬂy Courtyard 3 Office 4 Storage 5 Restrooms

5 4

FLEXIBLE USE SPACES: Community rooms, accessed directly off the courtyards, allow for a ﬂexible use for a range of users throughout the community.

10 E

Lavender cotton Santolina chamaecyparissus

2 E

Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis

4 5 11

14 12

11 13

Syringa Vulgaris Common Liliac tree 20-23 ft

European Peacock Inachis io

BUTTERFLY COURTYARD

BUTTERFLY COURTYARD Iberian Marbled white Melanargia lachesis Spanish moon moth Graellsia isabelae Elm tree Ulmus Minor Up to 90 ft European Serin Serinus serinus

INTEGRATION CENTER INTERIOR

PRE-CONDITIONING AIR

EXISTING STRUCTURE RECYCLED FOR PRE-CONDITIONING AIR

WATER RETENTION

EXISTING STRUCTURE RECYCLED FOR WATER RETENTION

HEATING

PASSIVE COOLING:

Passive strategies include insulating the building with thermal massing below grade, and absorbing the solar heat gain from the low angle winter sun entering the building.

Passive strategies include preventing solar heat gain through the overhang and panel shading system, and pre-conditioned air which eliminates the need for forced cooling systems.

143%

STORMWATER MANAGED ON SITE

13,725 CU. FT. RECYCLED AGGREGATE

58°F

AVERAGE ANNUAL GROUND TEMPERATURE

84%

STRUCTURE RECYCLED FOR PASSIVE STRATEGIES

320,000 GALLONS OF WATER COLLECTED PER YEAR

LANDSCAPE Local species are used to promote a sense of comfort and healing, and also offset the carbon dioxide levels in the urban setting.

PERMEABLE PAVERS Concrete permeable pavers allow for water collection, and natural ﬁltration through aggregate before entering retention tanks.

CAST IN PLACE CONCRETE Recycled aggregate taken from the existing parking structure is used to limit the need of delivering additional materials to the site.

PRE-CONDITIONED AIR Air is drawn below grade where it travels through a series of chambers, naturally cooling it before entering the buildings.

EXISTING RECYCLED STRUCTURE Recycling the existing parking garage structure in the renovation minimizes the extent of new construction required.

WATER RETENTION TANKS Water tanks in the lower level of the existing parking garage parking collect and manage store water from the plaza above.

WI 80 NTER % DI SOL RE CT STIC SU E N

CE TI LS N SO SU ER T M EC M IR SU % D 0

DESIGN FOR RESOURCES

NEW TREES PLANTED ON SITE

HEATING

PASSIVE HEATING:

FA 35 LL % EQ D IR UI EC NO T X SU N

Reducing material consumption and carbon footprint by reusing material from the existing parking structure. Cast in place concrete work reduces transportation of materials to site, and it also takes advantage of local skilled masonry workers.

66%

BUILDING ENVELOPE SURROUNDS GROUND

SHADING PANELS The aluminum shading panels allow for 40% permeability of direct sunlight, minimizing heat gain but maximizing sunlight into spaces below.

KSENIA KRASNOVA YIBO ZENG

CONNECTIVITY HUB A place for the community, for integration, a place for communication, a place for rest, a place for learning, a place for entertainment, a meeting place, a place for help, a place for a feast - this is a market square. The market square in the center of Madrid (Plaza Mostenses) now looks more like parking with lifeless facades, which a large stream of local residents uses only for transit. Realization of a large social, ecological and economic potential of the area is a priority of the project. Focusing on the city project, which should transform the square and give the city an effectively functioning space for many years to come, the services necessary for local residents were put in the forefront. But refugee issue perplex the people around the world. The project aims to response the situation happened in the Madrid city in this field due to last wave of refugees. The square was chosen due to its central location and ineffective contemporary usage of its potential. It is currently occupied by the old malfunctioning market building, lot of parking spots and roads. The project keeps the market feature, as necessary traditional attribute of the square and combines it with the public kitchen to serve and connect the residents with the refugees.

The building program is designed based on the local climate and peoplesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; daily life needs. One of the main parameters for design was the urban context. Form of the building is following functions, people circulation and squarespace formation to create natural integration in terms of scale and functioning. The double skin or second facade, which covers all the building and part on outdoor public spaces, is made of recycled plastic provides the in-between space with reduced sunlight, higher humidity where people can relax and communicate. All climate specialties are considered and used as an advantage. For example, the solar panels on the roof provide the electric power for the building. 200000 plastic bottles make the building skin, it saves the material and reduces the pollution. Activation of ground floor level life creates vibrant pedestrian city square, which is gonna accumulate city life and economical efficiency.

CONNECTIVITY HUB 2PLASTIC 000BOTTLES 000

“We must search out totally new ways to anchor ourselves, for all the old roots — religion, nation, community, family, or profession — are now shaking under the hurricane impact of the accelerative thrust.” Alvin Toffler

TO CREATE ONE PUBLIC BUILDING

CHALLENGE: REFUGEES IN EUROPE

EUROPE

Refugees seeking asylum in EU

1 300 000

SPAIN

66 400 Travel across Mediterranean

SQUARE ACTIVATION

17th most liveable city in the world

MADRID

22%

Tetuan district

27%

Project location Centro district

23%

Carabanchel district

refugees

5 000

Highest property price are in Centro district (project location) Malasaña - socially active neighborhood in Centro Muslim architecture heritage

28,4% Usera district

SITE: PLAZA DE LOS MOSTENSES barriers on pedestrian ways

MALASANA M NOVICIADO

area within project boundaries (sq ft):

70900

90% - parking and vehicle roads

MALASANA M NOVICIADO

max area of the first floor of new building (sq ft):

poorly functioning market in center of square

MALASANA M NOVICIADO

pedestrian square

walkable space

24200

ENTERTAINMENT

5,400 people per square kilometer

69% unaccompanied 2/10 educated

122 650

PUBLIC SERVICES

SPAIN| MADRID | CENTRO DISTRICT

MADRID

people relocated

25 392

relocation quota

CITY SCALE

inefficient use of valuable shading

MALASANA M NOVICIADO

5 6

necessary services for locals and refugees

6 7 2 7

use of natural light + shadows to minimize energy waste

4 GRAN VIA

GRAN VIA

M SANTO DOMINGO

11 000 MIGRANTS

M SANTO DOMINGO

DESIGN FOR

IN THE FIRST HALF OF 2017

- new city - lack of basic services - the absence of familiar surroundings - lack of community - misunderstanding of the local context of the city - disturbed ecosystems - lack of greenery - amount of waste

DISCOVERY

GRAN VIA

M SANTO DOMINGO

DESIGN FOR

CHANGE

Refugees

M SANTO DOMINGO

Education/ Culture

Environment

Social services

FLOOR 2:

FLOOR 3:

- day care for children - educational center for children - dining room/public library - outdoor cafe

- media center - cultural center - public library - outdoor cafe

CITY PUBLIC SPACES WITHIN THE SQUARE

system of OUTDOOR PUBLIC SPACES

DESIGN FOR

MALASAÑA -LIVING DISTRICT

CLIMATE:

INTEGRATION

70900 SQ FT

Mediterranean climate warm-temperate subtropical climate

NEW

Average hours of daylight ~ 12

PUBLIC PEDESTIAN CITY SPACE

Average temperature:

DESIGN FOR

COMMUNITY Locals

Market

FLOOR 1: - market - workshop space - public kitchen - cafes - outdoor cinema

- lack of necessary services - a need of the place to organize events for the local community - misunderstanding of the culture of refugees / fear

40C0 28C0 15C0 3C0 -10C0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec max temp min temp

Average raindays:

City

Nature

- defective infrastructure - inefficient use of space - economic losses

30d 23d 15d 8d 0d

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

MARKET

MATERIALS AND DETAILS:

8700 SQ FT

Pavement: - reused brick - granite

Building: - recycled plastic - glass - concrete - steel - local stone

PUBLIC KITCHEN 4700 SQ FT

OUTDOOR CAFE

GREENERY: Tree of heaven Ailanthus Altissima

Elm Ulmus

DESIGN FOR

WELLNESS

80% SHADE 32 TREES IN

PLANTED GRAN VIA - MADRID’S MAIN STREET

SECOND SKIN: MICROCLIMATE CREATION

88%

DESIGN FOR

TYPOLOGY

Materials: Traditionally made of wood and stone. Contemporary architecture is made of metal and concrete. Traditional Spanish material is used for internal solid parts of the building - calcareous stone, limestone (caliza capri) by Spanish manufacturer. Construction: Depth helps to control the amount of sun light. Density of pattern changes due to necessity.

STRUCTURE | SPECIAL FEATURES

“Recycling plastic takes less energy than making plastic from raw materials.”

RESOUCES Mashrabiya is an element of traditional Arabic architecture. Main capabilities: - reduce sun light - temperature regulation - new space parameters: private/public

Recycled plastic

3 types of tiles

40%

65%

75%

reduction reduction reduction

~18000 sq ft

200 000 bottles

skin surface

The annual average of post-consumer plastic waste generation

60%

Landfil rates:

AVERAGE SUN

LIGHT REDUCTION

-26% Energy recovery: +27% Recycling:

SOLAR PANELS

+40%

SUN REDUCTION: 65%

Recycling/Energy recovery/Landfil rates:

SKIN PROTOTYPE:

Switzerland Norway France Slovenia Spain

SUN REDUCTION: 75%

Greece Malta

SHADOW STUDY:

SUN REDUCTION: 40%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%90% 100%

Process: - PET waste sorted: blue, transparent, and green - PET waste is crushed - compressed into bales - Plastic pellets - Tyles formation

SUN REDUCTION: 65%

12 109

SQ FT OF SOLAR PANELS

DESIGN FOR

EFFECTIVE MICROCLIMATE: IN-BETWEEN SPACES - reduction of sun light to 20% - air humidification with greenery - reduction of temperature - air circulation/natural ventilation

N E

ENERGY

sun light

sun light NORTH

100%

sun light

100%

75%

t 40%

INDOOR SPACES - reduction of sun light - natural ventilation - lower temperature - natural lightning / minimal artificial lightning

40%

25%

ventilation

OUTDOOR SPACES - increase the area of shadows - air humidification with greenery - traffic limits

100%

IN-BETWEEN SPACE

ventilation

PUBLIC LIBRARY

t air humidification air humidification

air humidification

air humidification PUBLIC KITCHEN

OUTDOOR CAFE shadow

~20%

ventilation

DESIGN FOR

WATER

rainwater collection

rainwater supply

ventilation

SECOND SKIN: MICROCLIMATE CREATION

88%

DESIGN FOR

TYPOLOGY Mashrabiya is an element of traditional Arabic architecture. Main capabilities: - reduce sun light - temperature regulation - new space parameters: private/public Materials: Traditionally made of wood and stone. Contemporary architecture is made of metal and concrete. Traditional Spanish material is used for internal solid parts of the building - calcareous stone, limestone (caliza capri) by Spanish manufacturer. Construction: Depth helps to control the amount of sun light. Density of pattern changes due to necessity.

STRUCTURE | SPECIAL FEATURES

“Recycling plastic takes less energy than making plastic from raw materials.”

RESOUCES Recycled plastic

3 types of tiles

40%

65%

75%

reduction reduction reduction

~18000 sq ft

200 000 bottles

skin surface

The annual average of post-consumer plastic waste generation

60% LIGHT

Landfil rates:

AVERAGE SUN

-26%

REDUCTION

Energy recovery: +27% Recycling:

SOLAR PANELS

+40%

SUN REDUCTION: 65%

Recycling/Energy recovery/Landfil rates:

SKIN PROTOTYPE:

Switzerland Norway France Slovenia Spain

SUN REDUCTION: 75%

Greece Malta

SHADOW STUDY:

SUN REDUCTION: 40%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%90% 100%

Process: - PET waste sorted: blue, transparent, and green - PET waste is crushed - compressed into bales - Plastic pellets - Tyles formation

SUN REDUCTION: 65%

12 109

SQ FT OF SOLAR PANELS

DESIGN FOR

EFFECTIVE MICROCLIMATE: IN-BETWEEN SPACES - reduction of sun light to 20% - air humidification with greenery - reduction of temperature - air circulation/natural ventilation

N E

ENERGY

sun light

sun light NORTH

100%

sun light

100%

75%

t 40%

INDOOR SPACES - reduction of sun light - natural ventilation - lower temperature - natural lightning / minimal artificial lightning

40%

25%

ventilation

OUTDOOR SPACES - increase the area of shadows - air humidification with greenery - traffic limits

100%

IN-BETWEEN SPACE

ventilation

PUBLIC LIBRARY

t air humidification air humidification

air humidification

air humidification PUBLIC KITCHEN

OUTDOOR CAFE shadow

~20%

ventilation

DESIGN FOR

WATER

rainwater collection

rainwater supply

ventilation

MADISON POLK HARRISON POLK

INTERCONNECT Interconnect is a refugee integration center located in Plaza de las Descalzas, designed to aid the process of integration for a growing refugee population in the city of Madrid, Spain. The building occupies the site of an abandoned bank building and shares public plaza space with a historic convent, gallery/event space, contemporary shopping center, and a collection of other mixed-use programs. Interconnect is a contemporary project that responds to its immediate urban context to provide connectivity to an existing network of pedestrian paths in the city center, echoing the belief that refugees should feel like they can belong in Madrid. Currently, Plaza de las Descalzas is an under-activated site in the middle of the pedestrian network that connects a total of 8 streets and 5 public plazas. The footprint of the integration center aims to achieve a strong urban fit by extending a pedestrian path through the site and framing additional public space that will encourage healthy physical and social interactions between local and refugee user groups. The 55,360 square foot integration center provides the city with much needed space for program necessary to help acclimate refugees to a new society; these include a refugee service center, a community media center, and a gallery. The refugee service center provides legal, professional, financial, and childcare services to the refugee population. The community media center brings locals and refugees together in one space by providing access to information and technology; a coffee bar and café provide flexible

space where users are invited to spend their time. Dedicated to culture and art exhibitions, the gallery space is designed to provide physical connection for the building programs, as well as social connection for people by educating them about the refugee experience, and providing space where Madrid and refugee cultures can come together. Practicality and cost efficiency characterize the relationships designed between structure, material assemblies, and sustainable strategies for the project. A series of terraces and large window openings are carved out of the building’s monumental form to provide views of the city, further connecting users to the surrounding urban context. While solid, rough textured Berroquena granite distinguishes the building’s exterior; the interior spaces are open and flexible, defined by indirect natural daylight and grand circulation around a central atrium. Locally sourced materials benefit the control of daylight and thermal comfort in Madrid’s hot, arid climate. Even in its smallest details, the integration center is designed to communicate connectivity to the city of Madrid: it is space designed to help refugees connect to their new home.

EXPANDED LEGAL SERVICES Refugees facing deportation may seek refuge here under the protection of the Monastery, which is considered by government to be “No-Man’s Land.”

MIXED-USE HOTEL

MONASTERY

TH E CO MMUNI TY P LAZA

2 4

SHOPPING CENTER

PLANTER + BENCH SEAT

4 3

THE EXISTING VOLUME AND ROADS ARE DEMOLISHED TO CREATE SPACE THAT GIVES

TRAFFIC THROUGH THE SITE IS PREDOMINANTLY VEHICULAR.

PROPOSED VOLUMES THE PROGRAM DEFINES A CENTRAL PUBLIC

TEMPORARY TENTS FOR WEEKEND MARKETS + COMMUNITY EVENTS

PLAZA AND BECOMES AN EXTENSION OF

BACK TO THE COMMUNITY.

3 2

2 COFFEE BAR

INTERCONNECT CONNECTING PATHS | CONNECTING PROGRAMS | CONNECTING PEOPLE

GALLERY + EVENT SPACE

KITCHEN ADMIN.

PLANTER + BENCH SEAT

STOR. RECEPTION + WAITING AREA

GALLERY ENTRY

GALLERY COURTYARD

REFUGEE CRISIS + EXPERIENCE EXHIBITION

TH E BRI DG E CO NNECTOR

GRAN VIA

Plaza Santo Domingo

Via

Temporary Refugee Housing Site; A re-designed public plaza will reactivate a node within the pedestrian web.

BRIDGE CONNECTOR

GALLERY

Volumes are positioned to maximize shading in public plaza

GALLERY

A space where refugee and spanish cultures come together.

Pedestrian-only street

cafe/ offices for rent

4.8 MILLION

3 DESIGN FOR ECOLOGY

mixed use (apartment/ restaurant)

PLAZA SANTA DOMINGO

mixed use

business center

Walkability

PLAZA DEL CALLAO

Provides both refugees and locals with access to information and technology.

NW - SE

dominant wind direction

youth health center

Plaza de las Descalzas Hotel Intur Palacio San Martin

Media Center + Refugee Services; A re-designed public plaza will re-activate a node within the pedestrian web.

Monasterio de las Descalzas Reales

mixed use (apartment/ hotel/ books)

Aparejadores (books + school)

PLAZA OPERA

Las Alhajas Palacio (event rental space)

PLAZA DE LAS DESCALZAS

100 ˚F

SPAIN

Busy traffic lanes are re-routed to increase pedestrian access to the site.

Walkability

60 ˚F

CALLE

DEL

0 ˚F

PUERTA DEL SOL

vehicular path

25 d

1.6 in

20 d

1.2 in

15 d

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

0 in

AVERAGE HIGH/LOW TEMPERATURES

NNE

ENE

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

ESE

SE SSW

AVERAGE RAINFALL

low maintenance

drought tolerant

pest resistant

flowering plant

evergreen

urban adaptive

native

perennial plant

pollution tolerant

2 KERMES OAK

3 HOLM OAK

small tree, slow growing, fruit producing (acorns), tolerates semi shade and full sun

ornamental grass, ground cover, full sun

4 BLUE PLUMBAGO

Average Rain Days

heat tolerant

SSE

WIND DIRECTION

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

100%

80%

60%

Incorporating Sustainable Strategies

1 BLUE FESCUE

“Holly Oak,” small tree, blooms yellow in early spring, fruit producing (acorns), tolerates full sun

WSW

Jan

Average Rainfall

Low ˚F

NNW NW

WNW

10 d

0.4 in

Jan

High ˚F

pedestrian path

30 d

2.0 in

0.8 in

ARENA

UR B A N C ON N EC T IV IT Y

2.4 in

40 ˚F

20 ˚F

Add pedestrian-only paths to increase connectivity between public nodes

MADRID

80 ˚F

Vehicular Circulation

Viajes El Corte Ingles (shopping mall)

Addressing the European Refugee Crisis

RAINY DAYS

9 DESIGN FOR CHANGE

FOR M FIN D IN G

RAINFALL

SEEKING ASYLUM IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

The program defines a central public plaza and becomes an extension of the pedestrian web.

1 DESIGN FOR INTEGRATION

Urban-adaptive Flora Native, low-maintenance flora transforms the urban ecosystem by providing natural shade and airflow in the public plaza. A mixture of Kermes and Holm Oak trees provides the plaza shade from Madrid’s hot and arid climate. Smaller plants provide a variety of colors and textures. 4,550 sq. ft. of the site area is designed to support native flora.

MEDIA CENTER

Travel from Plaza Santo Domingo and Plaza de las Descalzas is approx. 400 meters: a 6 min walk

mixed use (apartment/ restaurant)

1,300,00

PROPOSED VOLUMES

The existing volume and roads are demolished to create space that gives back to the community.

Existing gallery and event space

Existing Monastery

finance building

SITE PREPA RA TION

E XIS TING VO L U ME

An unoccupied bank building of 7 floors currently dominates the site. Traffic through the site is mainly vehicular.

S I TE PL AN

JO BS SECURITY

The rotating exhibition will share visual and physical connections with the existing gallery building. The proposed gallery will be an extension of the existing one, pulling visitors further into the site.

Existing baroque facade integrated into design

REFUGEE SERVICES

Provides refugees with access to legal, professional, and financial services

Youth Health Center Provides public service and connection to other health centers

REFUGEES HAVE FLED TO OTHER COUNTRIES

MECH. SERVICE CORE

SYRIA

4 3

REFUGEE SERVICES ENTRY

SITE HISTORY + SPANISH CULTURE DISPLAY

War, persecution, and famine are a few reasons that approximately 4.8 million Syrians left their homes in 2016, seeking refuge in various European countries. ‘Interconnect’ provides Madrid with additional space for government infrastructure needed to manage the growing population of refugees seeking integration into Spanish society.

OFF.

SEMINAR ROOM

MEDIA CENTER ENTRY

NEWS + POP CULTURE

ROTATING EXHIBITION

DW EL L I NG

HEA L T H

LEGAL SERVICES

COFFEE BAR SEATING

PUBLIC PLAZA

THE EXISTING PEDESTRIAN WEB.

5 BLUE HILL MEADOW SAGE

fast growing shrub, attracts butterflies, light blue blooms throughout year, thrives in full sun

small plant, blooms purple-blue in summer, thrives in full sun, attracts butterflies and bees

Natural ventilation, day lighting, operable windows, views to outdoors, terraces, and range of interior space work together to create a healthy and comfortable environment for locals and refugees that occupy the space. 12.7%

COMFORT (696 hrs)

20.1%

SUN SHADING (1100 hrs)

16.5%

HIGH THERMAL MASS (905 hrs)

10.9%

NATURAL VENTILATIN COOLING (599 hrs)

27.8%

INTERNAL HEAT GAIN (1524 hrs)

20.0%

PASSIVE SOLAR DIRECT GAIN LOW MASS (1097 hrs)

65 %

comfortable hours

DESIGN FOR DISCOVERY

.024 80

2 70

50 40

.020

70 .016

.012 60

50 .008

using selected passive design strategies

C LIM A T E D A T A

.028

90%

WET-BULB TEMPERATURE, DEG. F 80

HUMIDITY RATIO

SITE PREPARATION

AN UNOCCUPIED BANK BUILDING OF 7 FLOORS CURRENTLY DOMINATES THE SITE.

MEETING ROOM

DEW POINT TEMPERATURE, DEG. F

EXISTING VOLUME

OFFICE

.004

20 10 0 30

50 60 70 80 DRY-BULB TEMPERATURE, DEG. F

100

110

*information calculated using climate consultant.com

solar noon

Uncovering New Perspectives

ENERGY

Designing a project within the context of a politically charged issue required an abundance of research to understand the identity and experience of a refugee. Investigation beyond the popular media informed fresh perceptions of the issue, and invited exploration into the notion of empathetic architecture.

Existing Baroque facade integrated into design

PV panels collect direct sunlight

Mid-morning sun is reflected to light the atrium

Late afternoon sun is reflected to light reading areas

COMMUNITY

WELLNESS

Extension of the pedestrian path encourages foot traffic to site and promotes community connection.

Facade transparency and terraces provide views that connect users back to the urban environment.

ENERGY cross ventilation works to passively cool during the summer months

garden and crops owned and maintained by the nuns

Pedestrian-only street Mixed-use program Busy throughout the day

TRANSIT SCORE

BIKE SCORE

GRAN VIA

100

PRIVATE MONASTERY COURTYARD

2 DESIGN FOR COMMUNITY Extending the Pedestrian Web

PLAZA DE LAS DESCALZAS

CALLE DEL ARENAL

CONNECTION BETWEEN GRAN VIA AND PLAZA DE LAS DESCALZAS

As a move towards urban sustainability the project proposes to replace several vehicular traffic lanes with pedestrian-only paths, reducing the city’s carbon emissions and increasing walkability of the city center. The project site is located in the center of the pedestrian web, just a six-minute walk from a major public transportation hub.

WALKABILITY SCORE *walkscore.com

WATER

400 M ET ER S | 6 M IN W A LK 1 GRAN VIA

Storm water is collected on-site and used for recycled gray-water

2 PEDESTRIAN-ONLY STREET

A large street of heavy pedestrian and vehicular traffic that cuts through the city centre.

3 MONASTERIO DE LAS DESCALZAS REALES

A street populated by mixed-use residential program and pedestrian-only traffic.

4 EXISTING UNOCCUPIED BUILDING

An existing 16th century Franciscan convent is located within the site.

A modernist, 7-story bank building is demolished to make way for a program and public space that activates the site.

BUI L DI NG S E CTI O N | PAS S I VE DE S I G N S TRATE G I E S

8 DESIGN FOR RESOURCES

CURRENT LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE for refugee integration for refugee integraton

OPEN TO BELOW

REFUGEE SERVICES | FINANCIAL 27 Separate offices provide privacy for financial services 28 Group meeting room

PROPOSED REFUGEE CENTER PROGRAM PROPOSED REFUGEE CENTER PROGRAM to create accessibility to services

CURRENT LACK OF INFASTRUCTURE

Local Materials + Local Labor Eucalyptus trees are an incredibly sustainable resource because they grow fast, require little water, and capture greater quantities of carbon dioxide than other trees. While the building design takes advantage of natural daylight, the eucalyptus louvers protect the interior space from direct sunlight.

5 DESIGN FOR ECONOMY

EN ER GY C OLLECTI NG RO O F

Local Materials + Local Labor

Locally sourced granite was chosen because of its proximity to the site—just 42.7 miles away—and its ability to increase the performance of the envelope as a thermal mass, thus reducing long-term building operations cost, while maintaining appropriate thermal comfort levels.

30 Roof terrace with view to public plaza and adjacent street

43.5%

OPEN TO BELOW

OPEN TO BELOW CE RA W TER LO BE

REFUGEE ACCEPTANCE REFUGEE ACCEPTANCE RATERATE approximately 4,900 applicants approximately 4,900 were accepted outaccepted of the 15,750 applicants were sent in 2016 out of the 15,750 sent in 2016 FULL RATE FULL ACCEPTANCE ACCEPTANCE RATE only 350 350 of total 4.900 only ofthe the total 4,900 accepted refugees were grantaccepted refugees were ed full acceptance in 2016 granted full acceptance in 2016

*assuming there are 6 hours of full sunlight per day

JUNE 21ST

That’s enough to power an average size single family home for approximately 24 years

74°

REFUGEE SERVICES REFUGEE SERVICES

GALLERY GALLERY

MEDIACENTER CENTER MEDIA

Legal Services Legal Services Financial Services Financial Services Professional Services Professional Services

Cultural Cultural

Information Information++Technology Technology

Renewable Sources The building reduces its carbon footprint by utilizing a solar photovoltaic array of 500 PV panels to produce energy for heating, lighting, and technology.

270,000 kWh produced annually

TER

29 Flex space

6 DESIGN FOR ENERGY

42.7 miles

b e twe e n ma te ri a l so u rce a nd p ro je ct si te

OPEN TO BELOW

MEDIA CENTER | FLOOR 4 23 Cafe 17 REFUGEE SERVICES | CHILDREN 20 Child care

24 Food service bar 25 Kitchen

OPEN TO BELOW

26 Service core

21 Flex space

7 DESIGN FOR WELLNESS

ROOF

Creating Openness and Views

Small terraces are carved out of the building’s monumental form to increase the variety of exterior spaces users can enjoy; each one highlights a particular view of the surrounding public space as a way to further connect refugees to the city of Madrid. Interior spaces and circulation are organized around open atriums, which act as light wells and provide views to the community plaza.

22 Outdoor terrace with view of public plaza and media center 20

OPEN TO BELOW

TERRACE BELOW

OPEN TO BELOW

90%

46%

of total floor area has views to the outdoors

of total floor area is within 15 feet of an operable window

DEC. 21ST

26°

LOCAL GRANITE

OPEN TO BELOW

PV pa n e l s pa ra pe t f l a s h i n g ro o f i n g m e m bra n e ri g i d i n s u l a ti o n 2 ” c o n c re te to p l a ye r 6 ” pre - c a s t h o l l o w c o re s l a b pre - c a s t be a m , 1 4 ” d e e p

LOC A L M A T ER IA LS + LOC A L LA B OR

CAVITY WALL

WI NTE R O PE RATI O N

GALLERY

THER MAL MASS

C ON N EC T OR SPA C E

Heat from the sun is collected and stored by the granite veneer and air acts as insulation to trap heat. Heat is transferred to the internal thermal mass and slowly released to heat interior spaces.

TER

MEDIA CENTER | FLOOR 3

65°

70°

15 technology center 16 private group room

OPEN TO BELOW

The local granite is assembled as a “second skin” to increase the performance of thermal massing as a passive heating strategy.

19 outdoor terrace with view of public plaza

12 language learning labs

40°

FLOOR 5 /8 ” g yps u m s u s pe n d e d c e i l i n g pre - c a s t be a m , 1 4 ” d e e p 6 ” pre - c a s t h o l l o w c o re s l a b 2 ” c o n c re te to p l a ye r

15°

13 flex space 14 outdoor terrace with view of shopping center plaza

LOCAL GRANITE

17 gallery and reflection space 18 outdoor terrace with view of 16th century monastery

REFUGEE SERVICES | PROFESSIONAL 11 offices for professional services

0°

OPEN TO BELOW

2°

13 UP

12 12

Tapping into a natural resource that has proven strength and performance throughout history

OPEN TO BELOW

Employing local miners will benefit the regional economy

Low cost for material transport; 42.7 mile travel

10 UP

distance

Material assembly on site employs local, skilled craftsman

MEDIA CENTER | FLOOR 2

The granite veneer and 2 inch air gap create

IN C R EA SED T HER M A L M A SS EFFIC IEN C Y

granite weathers well and will ensure a long life for the building

7 book collection + reading area 8 Circulation desk + book sorting 9 Movie room

LOCAL EUCALYPTUS

10 Outdoor terrace with view of existing gallery building

S UMME R O PE RATI O N C HIMNE Y E FFE C T

LOUVER OPERATION

Fresh air is heated by granite veneer and allowed to escape back into the atmosphere. Air flow creates a barrier between exterior and interior thermal mass, decreasing the amount of heat that can enter the building.

MEDIA CENTER

C OM M UN IT Y ST A IR C A SE Existing shopping center

4 DESIGN FOR WATER Collect + Recycle

GALLERY ENTRY

MAIN ENTRY

Public Plaza

MAIN ENTRY

LOCAL EUCALYPTUS WOOD

The refugee integration center is designed to capture rain runoff from the roof as well as through the pervious surface that covers the plaza. The water is then filtered and stored in the underground cistern space until it is needed for irrigation of the native flora.

GALLERY COURTYARD

100%

of st orm wa t er is m a na g ed on sit e

3,000 cf

und erg round cist ern st ora g e a va ila b le

Wood will be harvested from overpopulated forests and used as louvers to provide shading from direct sunlight. average annual rainfall 17.87 inches

filtered through pervious pavers

stored in underground cisterns

recycled gray water supports onsite flora

Tapping into local forests that are overpopulated by Eucalyptus trees Employing local laborers will benefit the regional economy

Existing Gallery + Event Space

4 Reception + waiting area

Low transport costs for material Material assembly on site employs local, skilled workers largely reduces solar heat gain to the interior of the building

5 Seminar room 6 separate offices provide privacy for legal services

Existing 16th Century Monastery

MEDIA CENTER | FLOOR 1 1 Coffee bar with news and pop-culture reading area recycled gray water supports on-site plant life

2 Administration offices and conference room

MATE RI AL S + CO NS TRUCTI O N

3 Gallery Access

F LO O R P LA N S

media center

refugee services

gallery

*information calculated using provided spreadsheet, assuming a 1.5 inch depth of rain for a 24-hour, 2 year event

5/8” gy ps um 12” pre- cas t wall pa n e l vapor barrier 2” rigid ins ulat ion s t ainles s s t eel “z” b ra c k e t 2” air cavit y 1- 1/4” granit e vene e r

EAST FACADE

REFUGEE SERVICES | LEGAL

CAVITY WALL

WEST FACADE

WEST FACADE Louvers are oriented perpendicular to Westernmost sun; this enables the louvers to block 100% of daily direct sunlight. EAST FACADE Louvers are oriented perpendicular to Southernmost sun; this enables the louvers to block 90% of daily direct sunlight, allowing minimal morning light into the building.

90%

DIRECT DAYLIGHT BLOCKED

FOUNDATION polis hed concre te to p l a ye r 6” s lab on grad e vapor barrier 2” rigid ins ulat i o n s it e cas t foot in g

PRE -CAS T CO NCRE TE CO NS TRUCTI O N reduces time and cost requirements for onsite construction

EXISTING VOLUME AN UNOCCUPIED BANK BUILDING OF 7 FLOORS CURRENTLY DOMINATES THE SITE. TRAFFIC THROUGH THE SITE IS PREDOMINANTLY VEHICULAR.

SITE PREPARATION THE EXISTING VOLUME AND ROADS ARE DEMOLISHED TO CREATE SPACE THAT GIVES BACK TO THE COMMUNITY.

PROPOSED VOLUMES THE PROGRAM DEFINES A CENTRAL PUBLIC PLAZA AND BECOMES AN EXTENSION OF THE EXISTING PEDESTRIAN WEB.

INTERCONNECT CONNECTING PATHS | CONNECTING PROGRAMS | CONNECTING PEOPLE

GRAN VIA

DWELL ING

Plaza Santo Domingo

Via

Temporary Refugee Housing Site; A re-designed public plaza will reactivate a node within the pedestrian web.

BRIDGE CONNECTOR REFUGEE SERVICES

Provides refugees with access to legal, professional, and financial services

GALLERY

Youth Health Center

SYRIA

Volumes are positioned to maximize shading in public plaza

Existing baroque facade integrated into design

A space where refugee and spanish cultures come together.

Pedestrian-only street

Provides public service and connection to other health centers

J OBS SECURITY

cafe/ offices for rent

4.8 MILLION

PLAZA SANTA DOMINGO

mixed use

business center

Walkability

PLAZA DEL CALLAO

Provides both refugees and locals with access to information and technology.

NW - SE

dominant wind direction

youth health center

Plaza de las Descalzas

S E E K I N G A S Y LU M I N T H E E U R OP E A N U N I O N

Hotel Intur Palacio San Martin

Media Center + Refugee Services; A re-designed public plaza will re-activate a node within the pedestrian web.

Monasterio de las Descalzas Reales

mixed use (apartment/ hotel/ books)

Aparejadores (books + school)

PLAZA OPERA

Las Alhajas Palacio (event rental space)

PLAZA DE LAS DESCALZAS

100 ˚F

Viajes El Corte Ingles (shopping mall)

Addressing the European Refugee Crisis

SPAIN MADRID

FORM FIN DIN G

Walkability

Vehicular Circulation Busy traffic lanes are re-routed to increase pedestrian access to the site.

80 ˚F

60 ˚F

CALLE

DEL

ARE

NAL

U R B AN CO N N E CTIVITY

vehicular path

20 d

1.2 in

15 d

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

High ˚F

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Low ˚F

0 in

NNW

NNE

WNW

ENE

10 d

WSW

0.4 in

Jan

AVERAGE HIGH/LOW TEMPERATURES

pedestrian path

25 d

1.6 in

0.8 in

0 ˚F

PUERTA DEL SOL

30 d

2.0 in

40 ˚F

20 ˚F

Add pedestrian-only paths to increase connectivity between public nodes

2.4 in

RAINY DAYS

9 DESIGN FOR CHANGE

MEDIA CENTER

Travel from Plaza Santo Domingo and Plaza de las Descalzas is approx. 400 meters: a 6 min walk

mixed use (apartment/ restaurant)

1,300,00

Existing gallery and event space

Existing Monastery

finance building mixed use (apartment/ restaurant)

R E F U GE E S H A V E F LE D TO OTHER COUNTRIES

RAINFALL

HEA L T H

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Average Rainfall

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

ESE

SE SSW

Average Rain Days

AVERAGE RAINFALL

SSE

WIND DIRECTION

CLIM A TE DA TA

DESIGN FOR DISCOVERY Uncovering New Perspectives

garden and crops owned and maintained by the nuns

TRANSIT SCORE

G RA N VI A

BIKE SCORE

100

PRIVATE MONASTERY COURTYARD

2 DESIGN FOR COMMUNITY Extending the Pedestrian Web

Pedestrian-only street Mixed-use program Busy throughout the day

PLAZA DE LAS DESCALZAS CONNECTION BETWEEN GRAN VIA AND PLAZA DE LAS DESCALZAS

CALLE DEL ARENAL

WALKABILITY SCORE *walkscore.com

400 M E TE RS | 6 M IN W A LK 1 GRAN VIA

A large street of heavy pedestrian and vehicular traffic that cuts through the city centre.

2 PEDESTRIAN-ONLY STREET

A street populated by mixed-use residential program and pedestrian-only traffic.

3 MONASTERIO DE LAS DESCALZAS REALES An existing 16th century Franciscan convent is located within the site.

4 EXISTING UNOCCUPIED BUILDING

A modernist, 7-story bank building is demolished to make way for a program and public space that activates the site.

EXPANDED LEGAL SERVICES Refugees facing deportation may seek refuge here under the protection of the Monastery, which is considered by government to be “No-Man’s Land.”

MIXED-USE HOTEL

MONASTERY

TH E COM M UN ITY PLA ZA

2 5

SHOPPING CENTER

PLANTER + BENCH SEAT

4 3 1

OFFICE

TEMPORARY TENTS FOR WEEKEND MARKETS + COMMUNITY EVENTS

4 2

3 2

2 COFFEE BAR

GALLERY + EVENT SPACE

MEETING ROOM

LEGAL SERVICES OFF.

SEMINAR ROOM

COFFEE BAR SEATING

PUBLIC PLAZA

MEDIA CENTER ENTRY

NEWS + POP CULTURE

4 3

KITCHEN ADMIN.

REFUGEE SERVICES ENTRY

PLANTER + BENCH SEAT

5 3

STOR. RECEPTION + WAITING AREA

GALLERY ENTRY

SITE HISTORY + SPANISH CULTURE DISPLAY ROTATING EXHIBITION

GALLERY COURTYARD

REFUGEE CRISIS + EXPERIENCE EXHIBITION

TH E BRIDGE CON N E CTOR

MECH. SERVICE CORE

GALLERY The rotating exhibition will share visual and physical connections with the existing gallery building. The proposed gallery will be an extension of the existing one, pulling visitors further into the site.

SI T E PREPARAT I O N

EXI ST I NG VO LUM E

An unoccupied bank building of 7 floors currently dominates the site. Traffic through the site is mainly vehicular.

S ITE PLAN

3 DESIGN FOR ECOLOGY

low maintenance

drought tolerant

pest resistant

flowering plant

evergreen

urban adaptive

native

perennial plant

pollution tolerant

The program defines a central public plaza and becomes an extension of the pedestrian web.

1 DESIGN FOR INTEGRATION

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

100%

80%

60%

Incorporating Sustainable Strategies

1 BLUE FESCUE

2 KERMES OAK

3 HOLM OAK

small tree, slow growing, fruit producing (acorns), tolerates semi shade and full sun

ornamental grass, ground cover, full sun

4 BLUE PLUMBAGO

“Holly Oak,” small tree, blooms yellow in early spring, fruit producing (acorns), tolerates full sun

5 BLUE HILL MEADOW SAGE

fast growing shrub, attracts butterflies, light blue blooms throughout year, thrives in full sun

small plant, blooms purple-blue in summer, thrives in full sun, attracts butterflies and bees

COMFORT (696 hrs)

20.1%

SUN SHADING (1100 hrs)

16.5%

HIGH THERMAL MASS (905 hrs)

10.9%

NATURAL VENTILATIN COOLING (599 hrs)

27.8%

INTERNAL HEAT GAIN (1524 hrs)

20.0%

PASSIVE SOLAR DIRECT GAIN LOW MASS (1097 hrs)

65%

comfortable hours

PV panels collect direct sunlight

Existing Baroque facade integrated into design

Mid-morning sun is reflected to light the atrium

COMMUNITY Extension of the pedestrian path encourages foot traffic to site and promotes community connection.

WET-BULB TEMPERATURE, DEG. F 80

.024 80

2 7

50 40

Late afternoon sun is reflected to light reading areas

WELLNESS Facade transparency and terraces provide views that connect users back to the urban environment.

ENERGY cross ventilation works to passively cool during the summer months

WATER Storm water is collected on-site and used for recycled gray-water

.012 60

.020

70 .016

50 .008

solar noon

ENERGY

.028

90%

using selected passive design strategies

BUILDING SEC TION | P A SSIVE DESIGN ST R A T EG I E S

PROPOSED VOLUMES

The existing volume and roads are demolished to create space that gives back to the community.

HUMIDITY RATIO

DEW POINT TEMPERATURE, DEG. F

4 2

.004

20 10 0 30

50 60 70 80 DRY-BULB TEMPERATURE, DEG. F

100

110

*information calculated using climate consultant.com

CURRENT LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE for refugee integration for refugee integraton

OPEN TO BELOW

REFUGEE SERVICES | FINANCIAL 27 Separate offices provide privacy for financial services 28 Group meeting room

30 Roof terrace with view to public plaza and adjacent street

ELO

29 Flex space

PROPOSED REFUGEE CENTER PROGRAM PROPOSED REFUGEE CENTER PROGRAM to create accessibility to services

CURRENT LACK OF INFASTRUCTURE

43.5%

OPEN TO BELOW

E AC RR W TE ELO B

23 TE

REFUGEE SERVICES REFUGEE SERVICES

GALLERY GALLERY

MEDIACENTER CENTER MEDIA

Legal Services Legal Services Financial Services Financial Services Professional Services Professional Services

Cultural Cultural

Information Information++Technology Technology

OPEN TO BELOW

MEDIA CENTER | FLOOR 4 23 Cafe 17 REFUGEE SERVICES | CHILDREN 20 Child care

24 Food service bar 25 Kitchen

OPEN TO BELOW

26 Service core

21 Flex space

7 DESIGN FOR WELLNESS Creating Openness and Views

Small terraces are carved out of the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s monumental form to increase the variety of exterior spaces users can enjoy; each one highlights a particular view of the surrounding public space as a way to further connect refugees to the city of Madrid. Interior spaces and circulation are organized around open atriums, which act as light wells and provide views to the community plaza.

22 Outdoor terrace with view of public plaza and media center 20

OPEN TO BELOW

TERRACE BELOW

OPEN TO BELOW

90%

46%

of total floor area has views to the outdoors

of total floor area is within 15 feet of an operable window

OPEN TO BELOW

E AC

G ALLERY

CON N E CTOR S PA CE

MEDIA CENTER | FLOOR 3

15 technology center 16 private group room

OPEN TO BELOW

17 gallery and reflection space 18 outdoor terrace with view of 16th century monastery

REFUGEE SERVICES | PROFESSIONAL 11 offices for professional services

19 outdoor terrace with view of public plaza

12 language learning labs 13 flex space 14 outdoor terrace with view of shopping center plaza

OPEN TO BELOW

13 UP

12 12

OPEN TO BELOW

10 UP

MEDIA CENTER | FLOOR 2 7 book collection + reading area 8 Circulation desk + book sorting 9 Movie room 10 Outdoor terrace with view of existing gallery building M EDI A C ENT ER

COM M UN ITY S TA IRCA S E Existing shopping center

4 DESIGN FOR WATER Collect + Recycle

GALLERY ENTRY

MAIN ENTRY

5 6

GALLERY COURTYARD

Public Plaza

MAIN ENTRY

100%

of st or mwa t er i s ma n a g ed on si t e

3, 000 cf

u n d er g r ou n d ci st er n st or a g e a va i l a b l e

average annual rainfall 17.87 inches

filtered through pervious pavers

Existing Gallery + Event Space

REFUGEE SERVICES | LEGAL 4 Reception + waiting area 5 Seminar room 6 separate offices provide privacy for legal services

Existing 16th Century Monastery

MEDIA CENTER | FLOOR 1 1 Coffee bar with news and pop-culture reading area recycled gray water supports on-site plant life

2 Administration offices and conference room 3 Gallery Access

F LOOR PLANS

media center

refugee services

gallery

*information calculated using provided spreadsheet, assuming a 1.5 inch depth of rain for a 24-hour, 2 year event

stored in underground cisterns

recycled gray water supports onsite flora

8 DESIGN FOR RESOURCES

5 DESIGN FOR ECONOMY

ENERGY COLLECT ING ROOF

Local Materials + Local Labor

6 DESIGN FOR ENERGY

Renewable Sources The building reduces its carbon footprint by utilizing a solar photovoltaic array of 500 PV panels to produce energy for heating, lighting, and technology.

270,000 kWh pr o du c e d an n u al l y *assuming there are 6 hours of full sunlight per day

JUNE 21ST

That’s enough to power an average size single family home for approximately 24 years

74°

42.7 miles

b e t w e e n m a t e r ia l s o u rc e a n d p ro j e c t s it e

ROOF P V p a n e ls p a r a p et f la s h in g roof in g m e m b r a n e r igid in s u la tion 2 ” c on c rete top la y er 6 ” p re- c a s t h ollow c ore s la b p re- c a s t b ea m , 1 4 ” d ee p

L O CA L M A T E RI A L S + L O CA L L A BO R DEC. 21ST

26°

LOCAL GRANITE

CAVITY WALL

W IN TE R OPE RA TION T HER M A L M A SS

65°

Heat from the sun is collected and stored by the granite veneer and air acts as insulation to trap heat. Heat is transferred to the internal thermal mass and slowly released to heat interior spaces.

70°

LOCAL GRANITE The local granite is assembled as a “second skin” to increase the performance of thermal massing as a passive heating strategy.

40°

FLOOR 5/8 ” gy p s u m s u s p e n d e d c eilin g pre- c a s t b ea m , 1 4 ” d ee p 6” p re- c a s t h ollow c ore s la b 2” c on c rete top la y er

15° 0°

Tapping into a natural resource that has proven strength and performance throughout history Employing local miners will benefit the regional economy Low cost for material transport; 42.7 mile travel

distance

Material assembly on site employs local, skilled craftsman

2°

The granite veneer and 2 inch air gap create

INC R E AS E D THE R MAL MAS S E FFIC IE NC Y

granite weathers well and will ensure a long life for the building

LOCAL EUCALYPTUS

S UM M E R OPE RA TION C HI M NEY EF F EC T

LOUVER OPERATION

LOCAL EUCALYPTUS WOOD Wood will be harvested from overpopulated forests and used as louvers to provide shading from direct sunlight.

CAVITY WALL

WEST FACADE

Tapping into local forests that are overpopulated by Eucalyptus trees Employing local laborers will benefit the regional economy Low transport costs for material Material assembly on site employs local, skilled workers largely reduces solar heat gain to the interior of the building

M ATERIALS + C ONS T R UC T ION

5/ 8” gyp s u m 12” p re - c a s t w a l l p a n e l va p or b a r r i e r 2” r i gi d i n s u l a t i on stainless steel “z” bracket 2” a i r c a vi t y 1- 1/ 4” gr a n i t e ve n e e r

EAST FACADE

90%

DIRECT DAYLIGHT BLOCKED

FOUNDATION pol i s h e d c on c re t e t op l a ye r 6” s l a b on gr a d e va p or b a r r i e r 2” r i gi d i n s u l a t i on s i t e c a s t f oot i n g

PRE-CAS T CON CR E TE CON S TR U CTION reduces time and cost requirements for onsite construction

BYRON JEFFERIES RUSSELL ZIMMERMANN

WOVEN: EXPANDING A COMMUNITY Since 2014, 1,758,309 refugees have entered Europe seeking protection from war-torn or starving countries. Many of these families travel thousands of miles to the EU with hopes of starting a new life in a land safe from the dangers that prevented them from thriving. However, upon arriving, refugees are often met with countless confusing legal forms and a new culture with its own social norms and customs. Instead of a new beginning, a refugee’s arrival in Europe results in feelings of stress and uncertainty as strong as during their harrowing journey. The Spain’s response to this humanitarian crisis has been purposefully lacking in both the acceptance of refugees into the country, and assistance beyond the bare necessities once they arrive. In contrast, Spanish non-profit organizations have been founded in Madrid to fill the gaps of aid that the government is unwilling to provide. An integrated campus of refugee centers in the Central District of Madrid will harness the various existing organizations supporting refugees throughout the city while providing opportunities for refugees and Spaniards to meet and learn from one another. Typical refugee centers contain all necessary services within the building, but this leaves little reason to interact with the community, leaving the refugees feeling isolated and creating an “Us and Them” mentality. By creating two hubs with different focuses, we can encourage interaction through refugee’s movement through the city and programming that is available to both the refugees and Spaniards.

Plaza Del Carmen and Plaza De Los Mostenses are the sites of our integrated campus. Located in the Central District of Madrid, these two plazas are only a 12 minute walk apart, and accessible from the rest of Madrid by subway stations. Plaza Del Carmen will be the hub of interaction between refugees and Spaniards. Located one block from a main pedestrian thoroughfare lined with shops, our building will maintain the density of Madrid by pushing to the edge of the block. However, it is raised off the ground to maintain access to the plaza while creating ample shade for pedestrians in the intense arid heat of Spain. The 33,358 gross square foot building will primarily hold an education center with spaces for language and vocational classes that will be run by the Madrid for Refugees Organization and available to both refugees and locals. A minute clinic will allow refugees around Madrid to receive checkups and be referred to doctors as needed. The building itself is protected by an articulated veil of panels that utilizes twelve distinct inserts such as semi-translucent polycarbonate sheets or terra cotta louvers depending on their placement and the specific needs of the spaces behind the panels. This exterior protection from solar gain and issues of privacy allows the exterior of the building to be primarily glass, creating an open and inviting atmosphere. Just as this permeable veil blurs the line between interior and exterior, the center will blur the line between Refugee and Spaniard as the unified community grows and thrives.

Design Research in the Studio Context AIA COTE TOP TEN FOR STUDENTS

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College of ARCHITECTURE ARTS and HUMMANITIES Community RESEARCH and DESIGN Center