CLEMSON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE HARLAN MCCLURE AWARD FINALIST - 2018 PROJECT DESIGN BY LANEY TUTEN
PREFABRICATED MODULAR COMMUNITY HOSPITAL The key design goals of this design are to be adaptable, modular and sustainable while being culturally sensitive and user-centered. The design is able to adapt to multiple sites with a range of topography, site proportions, and climatic conditions by utilizing a 10 meter by 12 meter module that can be arranaged in a pavilion style.
01 | SITE SELECTION
SITE SELECTION
CALDWELL, MONTSERRADO, LIBERIA
LOFA MALI SENEGAL GRAND CAPE MOUNT
GBARPOLU
GUINEA BONG
SIERRA LEONE
LIBERIA
TODEE
GHANA COTE D’LVOIRE
BOMI ST. PAUL RIVER
MONTSERRADO CAREYSBURG
MARGIBI
COMMONWEALTH
GREATER MONROVIA
MONTSERRADO
LIBERIA
AFRICA
DEMOGRAPHICS LIBERIA
• The Republic of Liberia is situated along the West Coast of Africa bordering the Atlantic Ocean to the South. • Montserrado is 1 of 15 counties within Liberia and is home to Liberia’s capital and largest city, Monrovia. • In 2010, Liberia ranked 162nd out of 169 in the Human Development Index according to the United Nations Development Programme’s Human Development Report • Gross national income per capita (Intl. $, 2013): $790
POPULATION (2015): 4,503,000 > 60 years old
LOFA
15%
<15 years old <15 years old
GRAND CAPE MOUNT
60%
POPULATION (2015): 1,255,152
• World Bank income classification: Low
BONG
BOMI
(>200 persons/sq. mile)
MONTSERRADO MARGIBI
638,113 <15 years old 617,039
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH (2015):
ADULT MORTALITY RATE (2008): =100
63 60
340/1000 population
• Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl. $, 2014): $98 • Total expenditure on health as % of GPD (2014): 10%
GBARPOLU
TOP 10 CAUSES OF DEATH (2012): Lower Respiratory Infections Malaria Tuberculosis HIV/AIDS Stroke Diarrhoeal Diseases Birth Asphyxia & Birth Trauma Ischaemic Heart Disease Preterm Birth Complications Maternal Conditions
BURDEN OF DISEASE (2004): 4,200
2,900 1,900 1,900 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,200 1,000
76%
16% 8%
communicable diseases, maternal & perinatal conditions, & nutritional deficiences noncommunicable diseases injuries
Source: African Health Observatory, http://aho.afro.who.int/profiles_information/index.php/Liberia:Burden_of_disease#cite_note-0 World Health Organization, http://www.who.int/gho/countries/lbr.pdf
MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS LIBERIA
• GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME HUNGER AND POVERTY
LOFA
GRAND CAPE MOUNT
GBARPOLU BONG
• GOAL 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION BOMI
• GOAL 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN
MONTSERRADO MARGIBI
• GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY • GOAL 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH • GOAL 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA, & OTHER DISEASES • GOAL 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY • GOAL 8: DEVELOP A PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT
Source: United Nations Development Programme, Republic of LIiberia, 2010 Millennium Development Goals report, http://www.lr.undp.org/content/liberia/en/home/library/mdg/
SITE LOCATION
3.72 miles 6 km
4 km
2 km
CALDWELL, MONTSERRADO • POPULATION TO BE SERVED: CALDWELL: 31,152
BARDNESVILLE: 40,423
TOTAL: 71,575
REDEMPTION HOSPITAL
• NEIGHBORING HOSPITALS: Catholic Hospital (public) Beds: 124
Staff: 170 Outpatient Visits: 16,988 Inpatient Admissions: 2,702
JFK Hospital (tertiary hospital) SDA Cooper Hospital Beds: 48 Redemption Hospital (public) Beds: 125 SDA COOPER HOSPITAL
JFK HOSPITAL
CATHOLIC HOSPITAL
SITE ACCESS
SAND BEACH RD. ST. PAUL RIVER
LL WE ALD
CALDWELL, MONTSERRADO PRIMARY ROAD SECONDARY ROAD TERTIARY ROAD RAILROAD
. RD
C
N
BO
D
OA
ILR
A GR
UNITED NATIONS DR.
IA
OV
FREEPORT OF MONROVIA
A
GB
â&#x20AC;¢ POPULATION TO BE SERVED: CALDWELL: 31,152
BARDNESVILLE: 40,423
TOTAL: 71,575
SOM
ALI
MONROVIA SPRIGGS PAYNE AIRPORT
TUB
MAN
ATLANTIC OCEAN
BLVD .
AD
RIV
E
A-
G RN
M
R ON
SUN & WIND
ER
AUL RIV TO ST. P
CALDWELL, MONTSERRADO
D.
HR
EAC
DB
CLIMATE: TROPICAL (HOT & HUMID) AVERAGE TEMPERATURE: 73 - 89 °F (23 - 32 °C) TOPOGRAPHY: FLAT COASTAL LOWLANDS WITH SWAMPS MEAN ELEVATION: 243 M (798 FT) PRECIPITATION: 5135MM (200 IN)
SAN
• Prevailing winds originate from the Southwest - situate long facades perpendicular to predominent wind direction to maximize cross-ventilation • Monrovia is one of the world’s wettest capital cities making stormwater management imperative
SUN SET JUNE 21
SUN RISE JUNE 21
TO
CA
LD WE
LL
SUN SET DEC. 21
SUN RISE DEC. 21
RD .
02 | BUILDING SYSTEM
PREFABRICATION & MODULARITY The repetitive module, which can be arranged in a multitude of configurations, is comprised of a steel structure [KIT OF PARTS], a series of prefabricated panelized systems [2D PANELS], and container module(s) [3D MODULE]. • 24’ x 32’ column grid acts as a chassis that supports a 40’ x 26’ repetitive module
Prefabricated and recycled containers are outfitted with “wet spaces” such as toilets and kitchen areas prior to arriving at the site.
Overarching transparent canopy provides shading for exterior corridors, ventilation to reduce heat gain on structure below, and surface for easy mouniing of photovoltaic panels.
A rectangular box encloses the interior space providing a flexible grid that can be combined and arranged to accomodate various departments and spatial needs.
PREFABRICATION & MODULARITY Photovoltaic Panels Polycarbonated canopy
Roof Membrane Prefabricated Mechanical/ Electrical/Plumbing (MEP) racks Louvers for Ventilation Painted galvanized sheet steel ceiling panels
Laminate coated fiber cement wall panels Prefabricated steel stud walls Prefabricated Rammed Earth panels Aluminum windows and doors
ARRANGEMENT A Modules connected on the short side allows for a continuous interior space and ability to maintain narrow floor plate. Example: Administrative Department
ARRANGEMENT B Modules connected in the same manner as Option 1, but with containers contained within the module. Example: Outpatient Clinics
ARRANGEMENT C Modules connected on the short side with containers on the exterior end of each module. Example: Inpatient Wards
ARRANGEMENT D Modules connected on the long side with an additional 16â&#x20AC;&#x2122; bay accommodates departmen demmanding a deeper floor plate. Example: Surgery Suite
SITE INTEGRATION
SITE PLAN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Maternity Waiting and Walking Path Inpatient Courtyard with Outdoor Cooking Area Outpatient Waiting Water Tower & Well Solar Panel Canopy (supporting well/water tower) Service/Delivery Area Community Garden Staff Housing Wetland
3
4 5
MAIN ENTRY
E.D. DROP-OFF
6 1
STAFF PARKING
PUBLIC PARKING
2 8 7
9
VENTILATION • Large trees pre-condition the wind from the SW as it enters the windward side of the module • Operable windows facilitate cross-flow ventilation • Whole house fans and louvers integrated into the MEP racks assist the natural ventilation process
VENTILATION DIAGRAM
RAINWATER COLLECTION • Decentralized cisterns collect rainwater from the roof canopy for toilet flushing, laundry, and irrigation • The cisterns are located at each container module and has an electric pump that provides flushing water to each container • Potable water is sources through an on-site well and water tower that is distributed throughout the facility
RAINWATER COLLECTION
INPATIENT WARD
INPATIENT COURTYARD