Inherently Adaptive Structural Materials
Technova Corporation
Outline of the Presentation Structural and Adaptive Qualities of Bone Biomimetic Principles of Adaptive Materials Design & Evaluation of Integrated Adaptive Systems Processing of Nanocomposites Modeling and Validation of Structural Principles
Development of Bone Structure
Cancellous Bone
Compact Bone
Mechanisms of Bone Adaptation Loads
Build of Bone
Remodeling
Strains Comparison
Electrical Potential Gradient Under Bending
Signal
Bone Remodeling Under Bending
Consequences of Bone Adaptation
Arrangement of Struts Along Principal Strain Lines
Optimization of Topology
Outline of the Presentation Structural and Adaptive Qualities of Bone Biomimetic Principles of Adaptive Materials Design & Evaluation of Integrated Adaptive Systems Processing of Nanocomposites Modeling and Validation of Structural Principles
Key Constituents and Processes -
Piezoelectricity V = g.s.t Q = d.s.A
Electrolysis V = Vo + i.R + Ve Q = n.F
Solid Electrolytes
+ -
+ + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - -
+ -
+ -
+
Experimental Validation of Electrolysis Through Solid Electrolyte
Electrolytic Cell 1.00 0.75
Current, mA
0.50 0.25 0.00 -0.25 -0.50 -0.75 -1.00 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 Voltage, mV
Voltammogram
Micrographs
Design & Validation of Piezo-Driven Electrolysis Stress, MPa 30
Applied Stress: 1
Time, sec
Piezoelectric Stack
- - - - - - +
+
+
+
+
+
+
St ainless Steel Mesh Copper-Ion Conduct ing Polymer Copper Layer
Outline of the Presentation
Structural and Adaptive Qualities of Bone Biomimetic Principles of Adaptive Materials Design & Evaluation of Integrated Adaptive Systems Processing of Nanocomposites Modeling and Validation of Structural Principles
Designs and Validation of a Basic System Replicated Multilayers of: Insulative Layer (Ti) Conductive Layer (Tc) Piezoelectric Layer (Tp) Solid Electrolyte Layer (Ts) Metallic Layer (Tm)
T
V = g33.s.Tp Q = d33.s.(n.L1.W1) L
L1
W1
W
Processing and Test Set-Ups
Schematic Presentation System
Ti
Tc
Tp
Ts
Tm
I (conventional)
50 µm
50 µm
50 µm
50 µm
50 µm
II (nanocomposite)
5 nm
5 nm
50 nm
40 nm
40 nm
Alternative Designs
An Elaborate Adaptive Element e
e
+ A
+
- - -
++
A Nanolayered Composite Comprising Replicated: Insulative Nanolayer (Ti) Conductive Nanolayer (Tc) Piezoelectric Nanolayer (Tp) Solid Electrolyte Nanoayer (Ts) Metallic Nanoayer (Tm)
Mass Transfer
Mass Transfer
Section A-A
e
e
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Detailed System Design and Analysis
Nanolayered Composite Comprising Replicated: Insulative Nanolayer (Ti = 5 nanometer) Conductive Nanolayer (Tc = 5 nanometer) Piezoelectric Nanolayer (Tp = 150 nanometer) Solid Electrolyte Nanoayer (Ts = 40 nanometer) Metallic Nanoayer (Tm = 150 nanometer)
1m 1 mm A
A
10 mm e
Section A-A
System Design 8.33 MPa
43 MPa
-26 MPa
8.33 MPa
e
(a) Concentric Loading
(b) Eccentric Loading
(c) Concentricity Restored by Self-Adaptation
Structural & Adaptive Analysis
Preliminary Assessment of Structural Implications
Preliminary Assessment of Structural Implications
Outline of the Presentation Structural and Adaptive Qualities of Bone Biomimetic Principles of Adaptive Materials Design & Evaluation of Integrated Adaptive Systems Processing of Nanocomposites Modeling and Validation of Structural Principles
Ionic Self-Assembly: Basic Principles
Mechanism of Self-Assembly
Build-Up of Nanolayers
Adaptation of Ionic Self-Assembly Subst rat e / PEI
Subst rat e
PEI/[PSS/PAH]3
PAH/PS119 PEI/[PSS/PAH]3 Au]1
PAh/PS119/ZrO2
PEI/[PSS/PAH]3 Au/PAH]2
PEI/[PSS/PAH]3 Au/PAH]3
Manual and Automated Processing
Mult iple ZrO2/Polymer Layers
Self-Assembly of Colloidal Nanoparticles
Self-Assembly of Piezoelectric and Conducting Nanolayers V C0 Elect rode
F
Ionically Self-Assembled, Mult ilayer PSS/PDDA System
Electrode
Output VOltage, mV
ITO-Coated Glass Substrate
2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0
1
2
3
4
Applied Force, g
5
6
7
Outline of the Presentation Structural and Adaptive Qualities of Bone Biomimetic Principles of Adaptive Materials Design & Evaluation of Integrated Adaptive Systems Processing of Nanocomposite Modeling and Validation of Structural Principles
Section-Level Structural Modeling ∫ ∫
Ac
f c dAc + ∫ f l dAl = N
Ac
f c ydAc + ∫ f l ydAl = M
Al
Al
Modeling Principles
Effect of Hybrid Nanolayer Build-Up on RVC Section Behavior
Preliminary System-Level Analysis
(a) Bending
(b) Buckling
(c) Yielding
(d) Fracture
Failure Modes
Effect of Multi-Layer Polymer/Ceramic/Metal Build-Up on Bulk Properties of RVC Open-Cell System Property
Composite/Base Ratio
Density
3.9
Elastic Modulus
21
Tensile Strength
11
0.18 0.15
After Deposition of Polymeric Nanolayers
0.12
Stress, MPa
Preliminary Structural Evaluation
0.06
0.09
Open-Cell Structure and Tension Test Set-Up
0.03
As-Received
0.002
0.004
0.006 0.008
0.010
0.012
0.014
0.016
Strain, mm/mm
Effect of Polymer Nanolayers on Tensile Behavior of Open-Cell Structure
Summary & Conclusions Selection of adaptive system constituents and viable architectures Modeling, design and experimental validation of adaptive structures Implementation of nanocomposite processing techniques Modeling and validation of structural principles