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FROM Distribution limited to U.S. Gov't. agencies only; Proprietary Info.; 7 Jun 85. Other requests must be referred to U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Attn: ATZL-SWD-GD. Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-6900.
AUTHORITY USACGSC ltr,
30 Aug 2001
THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED
PSYCHOKINESIS
AND ITS POSSIBLE IMPLICATION TO WARFARE STRATEGY
A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U. S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE
N
by
0
B. W. GARY NORTON, MAJ, USA B. S., Clarkson University, 1972
DTIC SELECTEIJAN 14 1986 Fort Leavenworth, 1985
Kansas
B
Distribution limited to U. S. Government agencies only; Other requests for Proprietary Information; 7 June 1985. Sthis document must be referred to: U. S. Army Command and General Staff College, ATTN: ATZL-SWD-GD, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027--6900.
,
&5-3358
k.' I-" MEMO&=
,
-
i
"PSYCHOKINESIS AND ITS POSSIBLE IMPLICATION TO WARFARE STRATEGY
A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U. S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial -.
/
fulfillment
,•
of
the requirements degree
MASTER OF MILITARY
for
the
ART AND SCIENCE
by B.
W. GARY NORTON, MAJ, USA S., Clarkson University, 1912
Fort Leavenworth, 1985
-. "'
Kansas
Distribution limited to U. S. Government agencies only; Proprietary Information; 7 June 1985. Other requests for this document must be referred to: U. 2 Army Command and General Staff College, ATTN: ATZL-SWD-6D, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027-6900.
&S-33,98
MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE THESIS APPROVAL PACE Name of Candidate:
MAJ W. GARY NORTON
Title of Thesis:
Psychokinesis and Its Possible Implication to Warfare Strategy
Approved
by:
,
P))
Dj. 4CPT
Gregory P.
-- i.
ayrionn
,/
Member,
Member
Alan Israel,
Ph.D.
Member, COL Edward F.
Accepted _
_
Philip1J.
i zthum,
1985 by: Director,
__,
Brookes,
Consulting Faculty
Ph.D.
this 7th day of June _
Graduate Faculty
MPA
.riedi,
ý_____________________Ph__0
_&
Dr.
Thesis Committee Chairman
Hollis, Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Graduate
Degree
Programs
The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the student author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Army Command and General Staff College or any other governmental agency. (References to this study should include the foregoinE statement.)
% J
ABSTRACT PSYCHOKINESIS AND ITS POSSIBLE IMPLICATION TO WARFARE STRATEGY: A content analysis of existing information on specified psychokinetic characteristics and their possible utilization potential to influence warfare strategy, by Major W. Gary Norton, U. S. A., 85 pages. 'This
ppsychokinesis.
study is
The
a c'omprehensive analysis characteristics
of
of
psychokinesis
are
examined by reviewing and analyzing available experimental studies, articles, and texts. The characteristics and applications were analyzed and recorded to determine if the collective literature reported and supported the explicit or implicit utility of psyc-hokinesis as a tool of warfare.) The study focused on the potential application impact on c-ommand and control. Specificrlly, the study reviewed previous research whereby the results demonstrated psychokinesis had affected electromagnetic, electronic, communications, and "computer equipment, as well as biological metabolisms. -i:The results of the study revealed three main conclusions. First, psychokinesis could, with continued research, have a potential military value for future military operations when psychokinesis has been developed to the point for effective utilization. The second conclusion was that the implications of psychokinesis with respect to warfare strategy are not of immediate concern, but are of long range consideration impacting on command and control. The military application of psychokinesis has future possibilities, but is not sufficiently researched and refined for implementation at this time was the third conclusion.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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The assistance and consideration of the graduate faculty at the United States Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas are greatly appreciated. "A special note of thanks to Dr. Gregory Hollis, Colonel Edward F. Vitzthum, Lieutenant Colonel Raymond J. Friedl, and Dr. Alan Israel for serving on the research committee and providing guidance for this study. Finally, and most importantly, the author wishes to "thank his wife, Joenda, who provided the encouragement, incentive, and impetus for him to finish. She has truly been an inspiration to the author.
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"TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT
A
......................
......
iv
...........................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE
iii
..................................
OF CONTENTS .........
...............
........................
v
CHAPTER CHAPTER I
Introduction ...................................................... Problem Statement. ..
.....
Background ........
.........
Research Questions
- ....
Assumptions ... .
..............
Definim tions.
.. ..
.
1
# .......
2
...................
. ........................
3
.................. o
5
..... ..
.........
..
6
. . ............
. . .6
"t"..."...........
9
........
"Delimitations.......
.................
........
Significance of the Study........................o-
107 11
..........
Organization of the Study..... o-................12 CHAPTER II..................
14
..........................................
Review of Literature ........
........
14 9
*...........
Review of PK Characteristics within PK Subjects-.22
. . ..
Identification .PK
Traini
ng
.
.........................
Replicability.......
-"""'•
26
............................ o
....
o
.............
o
.................................
27
29
............
Military Implicationsh................................
31
Summary .......o .... e
34
PK Trnin• CHAPTER III
n
Methodology
.......
................
................................ .. ...
...
.
.
.
...............
.
.
.
.
.
.
.....
.
.2 1-................
41
Design............................................. 41 Procedure..........
.41
........................
Technique ...................................... 42 '"CHAPTER
IV.................................................. 43 Psychokinesis and Military Application .............43 Communications....es..
..
...............
~~Human Life.................* ......
'A.,w
4
....
*.
Disorientation......... ................
..
47
........
.49
..........
Nuclear Warfare Alternative. ................... The
"Agency"............... (:ountermeasures... ...
fAPK
. .....
..
..
....
..
....50
..
...........
. ..
.51 .3
.............
PK Command and Control........................... 55 Summary
..........
..
.
.....................
CHAPTER V........................ .......
o
.....
.56 58
................
Summary and Conclusions...................o...... * ....58 Considerations for Future Research ............... 66 REFERENCES................................................. .. .69 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST.................................
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CHAPTER
I
I\4
"INTRODUCTION Warfarp
and the strategy influencing
or are prompted by
molded by new and innovative thoughts
M
in technology.
advances
important aspect focused
psychokinesis, strategy. (PK)
It
validate
aspect
and its
if
of human development,
existing
sufficient
the possibility
an equally
This study
advance.
possible implications
evaluated
to determine
is
Human development
of technological
on a specific
warfare are
to warfare
literature
on psychokinesis
evidence was on record
that psychokinesis
to
could impact on
warfare strategy. If
4
we want to optimize
psychokinetic abilities, examine them in
A
.-.
full
4•
worth.
human potential,
including
we must then evaluate new ideas and
their
entire scope
Traditional
objectively to gain the
military thinking
may not always
offer a solution to suppress or resolve a warfare strategy problem.
To meet the dynamics of warfare
strategy,
new
ideas and differen,. approaches may offer solutions.
7 M.
Today warfare geographical other
is
not limited
area where forces are aligned against each
and exchange
traditional
Warfare can be very silent turmoil,
s-A/
political
tension,
to dominate a country roar
*., .
".'.*-
-
- -
-
- -
of cannons
-
- ----
to a specific
-,
elements of
and hidden within the economic military
s national
power,
will.
or the firing of rifles
.' .... '.-
combat power.
-.
.-
and the struggle
You cannot
hear the
on these
-.
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. ',"
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Battlefield conditions are no longer strategy must be more flexible,
is
Psychokinesis
more innovative to overcome themselves. potential solutions
an area that may offer
The purpose of this thesis is
today's battlefield.
to
the military application of psychokinesis and
investigate its
Warfare
standard.
that may present
the unique challenges
on
and deadly.
but they can be as threatening
battlefields,
potential impact on warfare strategy.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Today's
Forces can move faster,
materially sophisticated. better intelligence devastating
means of fire
yet traditional
command and control.
to affect
psychokinesis impact
more
All of these advancements,
power.
This thesis focuses on the potential
L
have
have acquired
gathering devices,
have placed a premium on one key,
however, factor,
have become more and more
armies
traditional
warfare strategy
on command and control.
application
by relating its the study
Specifically,
investigates
research that affects electromagnetic,
electronics,
communications,
as humans.
If
affect those aspects of
demonstrate
data demonstrates
command and control,
be a phenomenon worthwhile PK cannot
and computer equipment,
the available
for the military
as well
that PK could
then PK would If
to pursue.
these areas,
an impact in
of
then it
is 2
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an area which should the research
be avoided.
fhis thesis
will examine
that has been done within the area of
psychokinesis
and determine
its
applicability
to warfare.
BACKGROOND
Psychic phenomena requiring
were identified as an area
serious study as early as the seventeenth century.
Francis Bacon advocated ESP and PK,
the need for investigation
and had done research with the former.
"serious inquiry,
however,
England.
the first
for Psychical Research
The Society
parapsychological
organization
charter and
4and
Similar groups,
States.
in
in
Durham,
kind and
phenomena observed
organized
with the same Continental
the United States was in North Carolina.
Drs.
1927 at Duke University
Joseph B. and Louisa E. 4
their research
"initially focused on telepathy and clairvoyance. B.
Rhine instituted PK research.5
experiments influence
,'-
Europe
of parapsychological
Rhine began to study psychic phenomena;
J.
or
3
The next major advancement iesearch
of its
intent were soon to folluw in
the United
in
for Psychical Research was
began to study reports of psychic
"experienced.
Actual
did not begin until 1882 with the
establishment of the Society London,
of both
involved influencing
was measured
In
Rhine's initial
dice with PK.
1934, PK
This
by intentionally causing a number on
.-
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the dice to appear more often than the calculated Rhine's
probability.6 iiLense
work were of paramount
and more specifically and his co-workers experimental scientific
to understanding
psychology's
of
to parapsychology,
psychokinesis.
He
into
open laboratories and applied
to study the phenomena. 7
scientific
credible evidence
importance
brought psychic phenomena
methods
application
1965,
efforts during his 35 years of
methods enabled
Rhine's
him to produce
that ESP and PK phenomenon
8
exist.
In
the Parapsychology Lab at Duke University was closed
but became
"w ith Dr.
J.
the Foundation for Research B.
Rhine as its
research continued
founding
9
Psi
inception it
of suitable research methods,
of research standards,
and dissemination
director.
and from the institute's
worked for the "development establishment
on the Nature of Man,
of scientific
training of personnel,
information"
as part of its
charter.IO The methods
used today for psychokinetic
research have become much more exacting and those used in
the early days of Rhine.
psychokinesis
have continued
over time and more
experimental
accurate
Experiments
than in
to become more sophisticated
stringent controls continue
te be
applied. Some U. S. elected United States
needs to
One such individual
is
officials
probe and
are concerned research
these
Congressman Charlie Rose
that the
phenomena. (D-NC).
His 4
j
-
basis year
for by
concern
is
the
the Soviet Union on
Scompared
to States.
the
estimated
Specifically,
widening between Rose's
estimated
Defense
psychic
$6 he
are
Intelligence
further
in lead
spent
concerned
by
spent
per
research the United
with a
psychic
gap
States and the Soviet Union. substantiated
Agency
Soviet efforts research, might
million
phenomena
million is
the United
assertions
$30
(DIA)
by a
study
the field to:
of
which
1972
asserts
that:
[psychic]
1. Know the contents of top secret U. S. documents, the deployment of our troops arid ships and the location and nature of our military installations 2. and
Mold
the thoughts
civilian
3. official,
leaders,
Cause at
at
the instant a distance
"4. Disable, equipment of all
What
psychokinetic strategy? iimiliLary
effect
military
any U.
S. military spacecraft.
1 1
QUESTIONS
implication(s)
does
have with respect may
S.
these
to
implications
(do) warfare have
on modern
thought?
"2. have
possible
S.
a distance
at a distance, U. types, including
phenomena
What
key U.
death of
RESEARCH
1.
of
militarily?
What
potential
value may
psychokinetic
phenomena
ASSUMPTIONS
1
That psychokinetic
2.
That psychokinesis is
the scientific
phenomena
exist.
accepted
by a majority of
community and the public as a phenomenon
that
exists. 3.
That psychical research sponsored
government potential
agencies gives utilization
4.
of psychic
questionable
have on PK. studied
_ubstance and credence
The
to obtain conclusive
possible effect on PK. spatial variable
or PK subjecc-to-target
provide
[째
It
Therefore,
to be a neutral
this study assumed the
factor. for this study was
Additionally,
subject,
it
6.
of time taken to
to the PK subject was not a significant
factor.
positively
feedback to the PK
was assumed that the length
feedback
may
results pertaining to its
defined as the time length to provide subject.
it
remains to be systematically
Temporal consideration
5.
to
as to the degree of effect
spatial effect
S.
phenomena.
The spatial variable,
distance is
by U.
if
feedback was not given
to the PK
would have an impact on the PK influence either or negatively. Size of the object has little
or no effect on
PK.
"6
"Li
Mass of an object is
7. considered
for PK.
a factor that must be
The consideration
is
that the greater
the mass the lesser distance an object will move. 8.
Increasing
the number of PK subjects
target was assumed to have no definitive results.
subject concentrating 9.
on the target.
to perform PK.
characteristic
Potential
paint artistically,
learn,
has the
for developing
would vary among humans in
as capabilities to memorize, dance,
on a target
than having just one PK
A portion cf the human population
capability
a
influence on the
Two or more PK subjects concentrating
would incur no greater effect
to affect
this
the same respect
perform athletic
skills,
and sing.
DEFINITIONS
1. scoring
in
Declin~e Effect: psi tests
The tendency
to decrease,
for positive
within a run,
a session,
or a longer period of testing. 2. .40
physicist,
"Pauli
Effect":
Wolfgang
Pauli.
Named for
When he walked
laboratory,
apparatus would fall,
The term is
now associated
People who have acquired equipment tending
theoretical
break,
into a
shatter,
with malfunction-linked
a reputation
or burn. people.
that links them with
to function poorly around them.
7
--
*.
.
3a-,
.
:
,
-
-
PK-hitting:
3.
which the subject is
aiming is
t''an would be expected
which the subject
is
by chance.
Psychokinesis
7.
or surpasses
result
is
significant
some criterion of degree of
The criterion commonly used in
improbability.
chance
by
of objects
physical means.
A numerical
Significance: equals
Movement
(PK):
or otherwise without
merely "willing"
when it
Modern term applied to psychic
abbreviated as "psi."
generally
6.
missed significantly more
aiming is
Psi-Phenomena:
phenomena;
significantly more often
hit
The use of PK so that the target at
often than i uld be expected 5.
at
by chance.
PK-missing:
4.
that the target
use of PK so
The
P today is
parapsychology
or less,
50 to 1 against chance)
or a deviation ratio
such that the critical
direction
value of .02
a probability
of
Odds of 20 to 1 (probability
.05)
is
(odds
of
either
in
2.33 or greater. as
are regarded
strongly suggestive. 8.
N
Target:
subject
>the
to influence
tries
process or object which
The objective
(such
as the face or location
of a die).
control
of power and the sources of
of boch the application
definition of war being:
Clausewitzian
compel our enemy to do our will."
-l
traditional
The
environment.
power within a warfare
the
A term used to describe
Warfare Strategy:
"9.
"an
act of
force to
This definition will be
8
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more comprehensive
for this study,
whereby an act of force
"will be expanded to include any act compelling our enemy to do our will. available Strategy
Strategy will deal with all
to the nation or to is
the comprehensive
situations and areas to attain
forms
the military
of power
command.
direction of power to control broad objectives.
LIMITATIONS
Nj
1.
Due to the unique environmental
and control
conditions required for psychical experiments, may be subtle rather 2.
the results
than dynamic or exaggerated.
The status of some psychical
highly sensitive and not releasable,
research may be
thus limiting the
acquisition and discussion of such information within this n
thesis. 3.
The constraint to gain "face
information,
aside from correspondence
to face" and literature,
experts within the field of parapsychology limitation
SAdditionally,
in
served as a
the research and accumulation of the constraint
locations
conducting
precluded
observing
from
info mation.
of not being able to t-avel
research on psychokinetic current experimentation
to
phenomena
of psychokinetic
phenomena.
7":"' 9
DELIMITATIONS
"1. Data collection was done as it possible implication(s) warfare strategy,
pertained
that psychokinesis
focusing on the aspect
to
the
may have to
of command and
control. 2.
The thesis relied
and studies A.2
primarily on those experiments
dealing with modest scales of physical
disturbance,
or low-level PK.
These studies have
most systematic and persuasive in 3.
The procedures
"psychokinetic ability not discussed in identification
detail.
Difficulty
is in
similar
for PK research is
researcher is
it
in
establishing
were for
a set of
agreeable
to the difficulty
vary
Selection
procedures
from one laboratory
primarily testing,
to another.
to the aspect
and the traits
desired
believes to be
for
for personnel
attributed
the researcher
to most
experienced
agreeing upon one standard test
intelligence.
difference
having
A standard set of procedures
for identifying PK individuals,
by psychologists
personnel
personnel
remain to be agreed upon by
parapsychologists,
measuring
to identify
PK.12
or the potential to develop
parapsychologists. standards
examining
been the
The
of PK the
of the tested
required
for the
experiment. 4.
The study
that may be offered
focused on the potential
by the PK phenomenon
in
implication
warfare
10
force structure was not part of
military determine military
To
into a specific
force structure would extend this study into
researcher's
but would not be consistent with this intent.
The placement determination
a review of existing organizations,
require
which organization(s)
organization. 5.
Such
research demands its
The influence
of PK in
with singular targets.
concerned affected
and estimating
own study.
this study was only Multiple targets being
by a single PK source was not addressed.
studies have not conclusively a group of identical
in
single PK source. this conclusion, However,
happen.
determining
PK,
best accommodates
would
that inclusion of PK would have on the selected
the impact
U.
the research.
the placement of psychokinesis
related areas,
target
into the
Formalization of the PK phenomenon
strategy.
shown that more than one targets is
Although there is does not mean it
it
PK
influenced by a
no compelling basis for does not or cannot
for this study only single targets were
used for discussing PK influence.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significancg" of this study is â&#x20AC;˘
military
understandin /and
awareness
to broaden
the
of the existence
of a
technique fhr use during peace or war.
strategic
"Additionally, it
a <
is
to awaken current
military
thought on
SI L
,
"11
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t.-
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-
,
of
the implication(s)
I•
stratagem
may offer.
it
stratagem may change
This psychi2
our current military security posture and the
or influence
scenario
battlefield
psychokinesis and the potential
as we now know it.
ORGANIZATION
OF THE STUDY
4,-.
The structure of the thesis is II • r.'
being
current
a survey of research
a perspective
in
identifying and discussing
1 terature, the
of psychokinesis
field
on how research has been done,
and the relation of these results methodology III.
I
in
used for this
The applications relation
Chapter
IV.
with Chapter
organized
thesis is
and
offering
the results,
to warfare strategy. described
of psychokinesis
in
Chapter
to warfare strategy
to command and control aspects are discussed The conlkusions
study are presented
in
and recommendations
Chapter
The
in
of the
V.
V.k' 1'
A.3•
124
,
p• .U
CHAPTER I END NOTES
1.
A Survey of Inc., 1981),
Diana Robinson, To Stretch a Plank -Psychokinesis (Chicago: Nelson-Hall,
p.
5
.
2.
Ibid.
3.
Ibid.
4.
Louisa E. Rhine, PSI, and Row, Inc., 1975),
5.
Ibid.,
p.53.
6.
Ibid.,
p.5
7.
K. Ramakrishna Rao, "The Institute 1-2. PSI News 2 (April 1979):
8.
Ibid.
9.
lbid.
10.
Ibid.
11.
Ronald M. McRae, Mind Wars: The True Story of Government Research into the Military Potential. of Psychic Weapons (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984).
12.
Robert A. Jahn, "The Persistent Paradox of Psychic Phenomena: An Engineering Perspective," Proceedings of the IEEE 70 (February 1982): 141.
4
What Is p. 3 1 .
It?
(New
for Parapsychology,"
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE A survey done by the Gallup Poll (1978) 51
percent
of the general
had a college education)
American believed
random sample of faculties by Wagner and Monnet who responded I.:
believed
1979,
The belief 1969,
in
psi.
showed 61
it
(AAAS).
2
approved
psi,
including
PK,
of the 1,164
science.
along with ESP,
fact
was furthered
in as
Association was accepted
for the Advancement
This was a milestone to scientists
in
parapsiychology
worldwide
used by parapsychologists
that the
had been all
3
This apparent momentum or upswing
I
conducted
by some of the nation's top researchers in
fields of
J.
percent
a
1
communicated
methods of research
percent
Additionally,
colleges,
of the American Association
of Science .. Ibecause
in
American
when the Parapsychological
an affiliate
population (64
psi to be either an established
or a likely possibility.
.j. .K.
in
in
showed that
has an almost equal
in
belief in
PK,
following that
disbelieves or is skeptical about PK. Traditionally, the skeptics have insisted on a "conclusive experiment," one tor which all
conventional
ruled out
(e.g.,
or "normal"
Hansel,
have been
Such an experiment
more existent
in
However,
seems to have changed
what
the
1980). 4
explanations
1980's than it
was in
is
no
the 1930's.
through
the years is
the 14
*" -â&#x20AC;˘ .
--.
-
-.-
--
- --
,-
-
.----
.-
-
..
--
.
'&
-.
-,
-.--
-% %.
.
F
v
v
2
~
r
rr
w
'~
1-~
perception critics,
--
l~-
by most parapsychologists,
of the appropriateness 5
"conclusiveness." conviction
and
necessary
that
result solely from single
but rather
from the convergence if
of
taken by
may provide results that are
alone,
,inconclusive.
their
that has evolved is
from well-designed experiments which,
themselves
nature
The thought
experiments,
as well as many
of the criterion of
does not necessarily
"conclusive" evidence
.-.
Parapsychologists are now "defining the
plausibility
of
the normal
interpretations
to explain away the anomalous
results" within than proving the
experiments rather
proof-oriented"
existence of PK or of anything
else. 7
It
is
with this
"approach that parapsycholgists have,
over
designed and reported
their research
with the objective not
of convincing
of the reality
of PK,
attempting and,
in
critics
to define more
the past years,
but of
precisely the nature
of PK effects
to identify conditions conducive
particular,
to
their reliable manifestation. 8 This approach has had little since they continue their results; that is
to argue
however,
a growing
against these experiments and
there is
deemphasis
success with the critics
a nota.ile exception
on fraud allegation.
skeptics have shown that normal explanations conceivable,
but they have not succeeded
such explanations
are satisfactory,
plausibility or empirical
evidence.
in
and
The
are showing that
either in
terms of
As mentioned,
there
15 -
.
.
.
.*
,
-,.
has been a deemphasis on fraud allegations; not to be interpreted
prevalent is
critique is
the 1930's and
tables used
challenges
selective
statistics, occurrence.
The
that there may be lack of analyses
PK experimentation
relies
heavily on
and the probability of
Stringent controls have been applied to the
statistical
models used,
but,
remains as to the validity of position is
as stated
earlier,
the results.
that probability applies
skepticism
The skeptic's
to no concrete
12
The application
IA-
the use of
1983).11
distributions,
of a probability
calculation
situation has a paradox contained
exemplified
number is
years is
for the effects of multiple statistical
Today,
is
or of the
on the same data base.
this on the basis
on the same data (Hyman,
concrete
contrast to
0
publication of positive results and
correction
happening.
procedures
by Soal.1
analyses
in
This
questioned the
criticism within recent
multiple statistical
_
This is
of Rhine's card shuffling
Anothe
critic
recent.
1940's when few critics
number"
"random
that has become
the bias of the random event generator.
nonrandomness
adequacy
this is
that such criticisms have disappeared.
Another criticism of PK experiments
'
however,
by a situation where
read of a passing
experienced.
The chance
vehicle,
to a
within it.
This
every time a license a miracle has
that the license
seen was
been that 16
oal
particular it.
number would have been millions to one against
The skeptic draws a comparison that how difirerent
the example -chance
above from that presented
score in
a PK experiment,
be supposed that
is
by a better-than
a score
for which it
may
the calculation of the chances gave the
same expectation value as the vehicle license number. 13 The skeptic concludes license is
that the occurrence
number does not startle
of the
the parapsychologist,
attributed to chance despite the odds against
the PK occurrence
does startle
it,
and it whereas
the parapsychologist,
and
believes that it could not have been chance. The skeptic's point is that a particular license number could not have been expected
to appear,
but it
is
not surprising
when it
does. Some number had to occur and it is accepted at that with no more thought of it unless prodded. This prodding is to explain exactly what is admitting that there which to verify
is
meant by "this event was chance,"
no property inherent in
that it
actually was
forcing the parapsychologist
-II
elsewhere.
14
explanation involvement,
chance and therefore
to seek for the meaning
The skeptic adheres is
the event by
to the thought
that if
an
sought for or any type of rational it
would prove illogical
the result was chan'ýe.
Therefore,
the reason the parapsychologist meaning beyond
"was
the conclusion
chance"
is
that
the skeptic contends
does not search that in
that
for the
order to maintain
17
" " V
"
"
-
'
' "
'
' '
n
" '
•
'
•-
•
" "'
= . '
A
consistency
of his position he is
forbidden
to attempt
to go
further.15 A*
The defense methods in
of the parapsychologist
experiments
has been presented
Director of Psychophysical
statistical
methods
penetrating
critical
by behavioral experimental S,16
is
simply stated,
defense,
by C.
that the experimental
used have
survived sustained
science methodologists. evidence
that has been accumulated
the establishing
that scientific
research is
of guessing,
and to do so without
methods takes speculation.
more
than coincidence,
Louisa A.
Her rationale
bias.
of facts The use of and
methods are a recognized
within the scientific
are calculated below chance.
over the
guesswork out of measurements
Statistical
and accepted methodology
above or
and
Additionally,
is
â&#x20AC;˘Probabilities
and
Honorton uses
methods used.
removes
The
examination and are generally accepted
Rhine supports the ::tatistical
statistical
Honorton,
Research Laboratories.
past 50 years for his assertions.
instead
0
for statistical
to determine
community. if
Scores above chance especially
scores
are
infer something
when on a consistent
basis. 17 reasons
For
[
identified
earlier,
the
discussion
research
methods has focused on those for low-level
However,
as more sophisticated
laboratory, detect
enabling
physical
technology comes
parapsychologists
effects,
the more will
oF
PK.
into the
to better record parapsychologists
and be 18
-
..
â&#x20AC;˘'
studying individuals claiming effects.
large
With the success of statistical
continuing to take advantage nature of PK,
statistically
found in
improved understanding Various areas
of
,,18
PK and
surfaced
that showed an absence
some PK variables.
observable "unsubstantiated
The results is
psychic
of sufficient
an
phenomena overall. review
information or
understanding
pertaining
were spatial,
These variables
the
imperceptible
during the literature
the need for further
PK
of spontaneous PK and
but relatively
the laboratory'.
scale
studies and
of the directly
claims
significant,
emphasized
PK
the gap should narrow between
and sometimes exaggerated
effects
to produce
to
temporal,
"size, and mass. The spatial variable, distance was questionable
or PK subject-to-target
as to its
effect on PK.
The
studies examined did not reveal any evidence that there was a decline of PK effect with distance
(Dale
1947;
1947).19
Nash,
1946;
variable
for this study was considered
allowing
this study
application. â&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘.i
to discount
it
application
to
be
is
effect-ive
uncovered
in
at
any
neutral,
new research
the military application
affected.
would be a planning
thereby in
military
of PK for military
distance.
to affect PK, It
The spatial
as a factor
This permits the analysis
new evidence
" .2"
Nash and Richards,
and Woodruff,
However,
showing distance
will also be
consideration
as
to
19
,.
4
<'. -
i
i
••"
whether
PK could
3
rather
Sof
feet
'i '
The
Sthis
than
temporal
study
Svariable. 7
be used,
for
example,
300 miles
only
within
was considered
to the apparent
The
two conceptualizations
radius
or 3,000 miles.
consideration
due
a
divergence on
in
neutral
thought
this
for on
variable
the
=
that
"
ii.•i.•
were H.
reviewed
Walker
were those
(1975).20
•
random
systems
•!-
brain events
occur
and
of H.
Walker when
Schmidt
suggests
there
the external
is
(1974,
that
1975)
PK effect•
a "coupling"
events,
and
via the
E.
on
between
the
sensory
'?
I
."?
system,
and
SIt •." .• •
S.•.
share
is
common
sensory
hidden variables.
feedback
through which
consciousness
Therefore,
is
it
influence
on
•hrough
some
on
feedback
externax
the external
that
object.
world
PK exerts
The
.i.
PK is
time independent.
Sirrespective
of when
•
that
I
and
the fundamental
that
individuals
•-i•
by
-%"
past events
-.v ,-'..
willing
moment
of
PK
presents
can affect
they were physical
so.
well as
feedback,
that
are
events. mav
that
•'"
position
=
that
events accepts
probabilistic
--
the probabilities PK
can influence
PK occurs be.
a
of PK.
Schmidt
change
proposes
present
whenever
the
random
processes
Schmidt
results
generated.
can sometimes
to do as
Schmidt
_
becomes
Therefore, the sooner feedback is provided to the Pg the greater wi be the enhancement of the PK
Unlike Walker,
•
its
feedback
physical
vehicle
-2•..
effects.
for the
as the
causal
-.
responsible
acts
serves
o.'
Ssubject,
factor
that
The
at the
lack
of
20
_<i
- -
-
!.
..
..........
i
clarification
within the PK field determined
variable
be considered
neutral.
The studies pertaining
to the effect of size on PK
did not show any significant or consistent results 1943;
(Hilton,
Baer,
and Rhine
Humphrey and Rhine,
However,
that this
1945;
a study by Forwald
effect of size on
1943; Hilton and Rhine, Rhine and Humphrey,
(1961)
produced
1944).21
some results on
interactive effect
between the surface the object was on and 22 the size of the object. Even in light of Forwald's study, there was not sufficient
information to accept size as a
variable having any effect on PK.
"The exact relationship of PK energy and mass has not been confirmed, is
but the studies showed evidence that
a definitive relation
PK energy (Forwald,
1957;
would introduce
possible limitations
be used on.
Therefore,
and size variables,
The question
This "addition
by Helmut Schmidt showed
I
that
"two
discounting
in
PK could
of whether
s bjects would increase studied.
the effect
Mass
targets PK
spatial,
temporal,
to effectively
be used or not.
increasing flie number
of PK
on a target or not was
effect" for PK was recently studied
three experimerLal
tests.
The results
subjects making consecutive
the same target will not increase
-
This factor
as to what
mass must be considered
use PK and to decide whether ,.
Cox 1971).23
of mass and
bears upon the military application of PK.
definitely
. -could
1952,
between the interaction
there
PK efforts on
the magnitude
of the
21
t
-
.
.
--
..-
.
-.
.
-
..
..
'.-.V
,
IL
,24
%" effect. "first
Rather,
Schmidt's experiments
showed that the
person to observe the data locks the result in,
prohibiting
a second person from having a PK influence."
This indirect result from the experiments possible PK countermeasure.
PK countermeasures
important military application implies that:
surfaces
in
2 5
a
have
term.i of defense.
possible measures could be employed
This
to prohibit
the effective use of PK by the enemy or to deny our use of PK.
REV1.PW OF PK CHARACTERISTICS
The survey of literature
was highlighted
with some of the more well-known Kulagina,
Vinogradova,
common denominators ability,
Parise,
Swann,
and heart rates.
Ullman,
et.al., of the
1976),
(Besterman, and Pratt,
i.e., Apparent besides PK
symptoms when
physiological
were the increase
1932), 1976),
Nina Kulagina Felicia
suffered
1967).26
the human body.
the loss of weight,
(Keil,
Parise (Keil,
120 to 300 beats per minute.
change affects
in
These symptoms were exhibited
and Ted Serios (Eisenbud,
increase was
Kulagina
throughout
PK.
by Rudi Schueider herbert,
et.al.
and physiological
Two such characteristics respiration
PK subjects,
among these PK subjects,
were behavioral
performing
WITHIN PK SUBJECTS
The range Such a
As an example,
lack of coordination,
"22
*
;
*
dizziness,
and vomiting,
"sleeplessness.2'
Parise experienced
for awhile afterwards, eyes and nose ran.
accompanied
by bodily pain and difficulty
in
speaking
perspired freely and trembled,
her
28
These symptoms resulting from performing PK must be considered
carefully
as to the effectiveness
military application.
If
friendly environment,
the subject is
become too weak to react .-ion is
executed.
S. adve:saries in ""
aware Ă˝ .it
However,
a hostile or enemy environment
the symptoms rould endanger
ir
would not the subject
performing PK missions
the subject.
to any critical
The subject may situation after the
the surrounding area.
The
enemy may be
of PK techniques and the symptoms
PK causes to
would appear in
if
a
The subject may draw suspicion from
identification
subjects
located in
then the resulting symptoms
"need to be as carefully considered. was in
of PK in
of
the subject as a PK agent.
that there are some adversities warfare
It
to using PK
or espionage role within an enemy
environment. A characteristic
that has been exhibited
by PK
"subjects showing potential for military application is PK effect on compass needles. -â&#x20AC;˘
affect and control Kulagina,
Parise.29'
implication
is
within ships,
0~2
PK subjects have been able to
the movements 30
the
of a compass
needle,
e.g.,
The military application
using PK to disrupt navigational equipment aircraft,
land
vehicles,
and compasses carried
enemy's orientation
capabilities,
immobilizing
upon the enemy
effect
literature.
by Dr.
in
The Mind
Sergeyev
discussed
Race.
heart that was in
a physiological Normally,
to forty
was capable
electrostimulation
minutes,
if
it
should stop it Kulagina's
Watkins,
resulted
in
successful attempts Earlier,
suppress
However, '-j
implies
the vital
there is
the PK experiments
of dead frogs. to expe
The experiment
to psychically
upon life
,
the ability
To control
forms have life
functions
by
a diminished need for weapons. only dealt with mice and hearts
The actual eifect
on humans is
inment with such a possibility
is
not known and
dangerous and
24
Cl.. __ ,
resuscitate
functions of mice.
These examples of PK effect
"willing" it
exertion of
it.
Kulagina displayed
obvious military implications.
could be
experiment was reported by
and Wells (1973).31
mice.
a frog's
seconds and
could not reactivate
Another PK physiological Watkins,
of stopping
the heart activity would continue
by electrostimulation.
to successfully
conducted
solution with electrodes
PK stopped the heart within forty
anesthetized
the
using Kulagina as the PK subject displayed
attached to it.
'L6,
in
the Sergeyev
These experiments
Kulagina
reactivated
permitting us to focus
forms was evident
unusual results.
for thirty
the
an
thus creating
of PK upon life
Targ and Harary
experiments
confounding
on the enemy to subdue him.
our military forces The effect
is
implication
The strategic
by soldiers.
"
-.--
.
.
--
.
-
-
-
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-
.
x
-
-
-
;
:
••
|_ j p : a_ •
|
.!
.•
,
•
,,.q
•
P,r
-
w,. r-rr
w r.
r.', -•-
, •-,,.
...
.
.
...
.
...
.
.
.
.
I
prohibitive
by current moral
human metabolism may
react differently
of smaller creatures. one-on-one
standards of society.
II
concurrently.
hierarchies
However,
there
single targets,
of goveraments,
effectiveness
Again,
affected
PSI - Scientific
by PK.
within inanimate objects.
An account
of Psi Research
Vilenskaya's arm.
in
the
Tart identifies
out.
Ingo
specifically
by Larissa Vilenskaya, Journal on
and Psychobiophysics, burn on
The possibility of PK affecting
could have military application
burning it
them
functioning
being able to produce a real
PK energy towards electronic and
high-level
assassinate
temperature,
- An East-West
Psychotronics,
Kulagina
temperature
could be
Studies of the Psychic Realm as a affect
"k:i~described
humans in
dependent upon
PK subject to successfully
Parapsychology,
before weapons
their continued
this is
must be
of PK on the human body.
"Temperature is
editor
than one target
The PK effect i.e.,
the
a strategic
is
to surgically
or to disable them preventing the government.
to more
of the PK effect
fpr such a PK effect.
directed towards
must be known if
than existing weaponry
would become outmoded. application
it
the PK effect
The effectiveness
equal to or greater
in
been done as a
type condition.
FK subject can direct
Swanm
than the metabolisms
The experiments have
Before weapons are abandoned
* '. "
The
circuitry,
by directing
thus overheating
This type of application
could be
the it
used
25
S:-,5
2
d-___
on communications electronic towards
equipment,
control
panels.
humans causing
discomfort,
possible
computers, Also,
disability,
to our forces.
whether
to perform their
An unknown
at a time,
military applications.
r
would create
blister
duties or
to
the energy to a mass of If
only one target
this would limit the possible
The use of certain chemical
agents)
thus
factor for such use is
to only one person at a time.
can be affected
of PK energy
within enemy forces,
the PK subject can direct
humans or
K,(e.g.,
the directing
burn sensations
disrupting their concentration react
and various
may be more effective
mass enemy force rather than using PK if
agents
to subdue a
only a portion of
that force can be affected.
IDENTIFICATION
The research process way to identify those characterized
individuals with a highly
PK talent.
Laboratories
(PRL)
registration
procedures
in
PRL experimental
55-item Participant reflects
did not reveal any pronounced
The Psychophysical
have developed
Information
attitudes toward
and experience
personnel
participant
to participate
These personnel
information concerning
recruitment,
standardized
to select
research.
Research
Form (PIF).
with potentially
personal
relevant
a
The PIF
demographics,
psi,
complete
basis of psi experiences,
personal
practices 26
째
U
- AA.%iAI
S-
r:
such as stress management meditation, sleep
biofeedback,
patterns,
The efforts of
(relaxation) also included
and dream recall
(1983
PRL to standardize
uniformity within the subject
techniques, are medical history, PRL Annual Report).
or at least to establish
populations
being studied
important to assess subsequent procedural success or failure, additionally
in
emphasized
replication,
another laboratory. since
is
This is
a review of the literature
not identify any key or substantive
did
profile for someone with
a PK capability. !.7 i
PK TRAINING
A commonality consistently
,'V
true in
the research literature
decline
effects have
resembling
was that in
been observed,
learning curves.
has been the exception significant
found to be apparently
rather
evident
in
perhaps
allow optimal feedback
appropriate
and not functions
A steady rate of PK performance than the rule.
inclines of performance the literature,
regarding
success 34
(e.g.,
which the
This from the research
but also from PK subject
substantial PK capability
of
are not
even with electronic REG's,
characteristic has not only been apparent
those exhibiting
Reports
with experience
light immediately comes on).
methods used today,
many PK studies
studies of
(Kulagina,
Vinogradova).
27
A characteristic training is associated
of PK subjects
that of increased
tension.
with the increased
and Barksdale,
1972).35
that touches upon PK-hitting was
tension condition
Relaxation,
in
(Honorton
contrast,
was
associated with either chance scoring or PR-missing. However, the literature relatively effortless
did indicate that PK occurred 36 conditions (Braud, 1978).3-
No consistent
relationship
psi success and basic skills, lifestyle,
has yet emerged
cognitive
style,
although the psychic development
suggests that skills visualization
in
relaxation,
are helpful
(Morris,
under
between
and general
literature
concentration,
and
1980).37
The work to date on PK has involved essentially immediate feedback as to success. from continuous PK exercise, been rare.
even if
However,
nonsignificant,
The rule has been declination
through continuous
exertion in
one sitting.
but optimistic view put forth by Puthoff "anyone who decides for himself that it experience
paranormal
who would achieve â&#x20AC;˘
the inteiiect...It
in
have
PK ability
A different, and Targ is is
that
safe to
functioning can learn to do so.
the power of is
incline effects
faith must reject
Those
things of
essential to avoid trying to figure
it
out by analysis."
-xir 2)8 ___
.!
-,
.
,
U W
II
V-I M
REPLICABILITY
Replicability
has been a principal concern
for
argument between skeptics and parapsychologists. The skeptic argues that unless a PK experiment replicated
by another
scientist
results as the original *
experiment,
for the existence of PK. skeptic
and receive
the very same
there can be no proof
This was the prime argument
throughout the literature
been designed or performed
of the
that no PK experiment has
affording replication;
therefore,
since consistent results cannot be obtained there supportive proof
can be
is
no
for PK.
"The replication of PK experiments remains as a stumbling block to the parapsychologist,
but there are some
considerations
before total
disbandment
of the PK effort is
PK is as memory,
which should be evaluated
a capacity in
that it
from individual
like any other human capacity,
varies
in
circumstances
PK subject
studies,
i.e.,
to another. Kulagina,
Jahn's and Dunne'q PK experiments The problem
to
be placed in
in
a vacuum.
problems also.
oi replication is
perspective.
Other areas
the one individual This was evidenced Vinogradova,
Swann,
from in and
at Princeton. not to be minimized but
Psi research
of science
Examples of
such
strength and characteristics
to individual and in
one set of
in
effected.
is
not conducted
have replication
this were illustrated
by the 29
%
development CO2
of the "Transversely
Laser"
(TEA
device was
Laser).
Excited Atnmosphic Pressure
The replicability
studied by sociologist,
problem with this
Harry Collins.
conclusions were that where scientists laser on written information,
tried to build
or information
"parties who were not replicating scientists,
scientists
even prolonged
who had
necessarily abandoned
personal
built a working
sufficient.
they failed.
contact with
laser,
was not
Collins noted that some scientists
their efforts
to build a TEA laser
"their good access to sources of help.
in
spite of
4 0
Another point of concern over replicability, from parapsychology, factors
variability
publication showed
has been the outgrowth
ranging from professional
the intrinsic
that 94-97
in
American
percent
1 percent
of earlier
of knowledge
Another
powerful a wide
effects of
variety
A placebo provides
"Placebo
replication
tests,
replications
inert, As
in
is
the
on the treatment
and psychological
symbolic.
difficulties
demonstrates
belief and disbelief
of physical
strictly
significance
research
being pharmaceutically is
psychology
42
area experiencing
research.
placebo
journals
claims in
represented
to
A survey of
psychological
of the :;tudies
findings.
of a variety of
behaior.41 behavior.
were made on the basis o[ statistical less than
aside
publication practices
of human
practices
the
from third
S....39
Additionally,
His
the
of
d:isorders. treatment
psi effects,
it
placebo
"30
S,1"' "A.
I.o
efficacy
A.
is
physicians
highly variable. and hospitals,
just as in
An example of the variance
-
83
studies in
placebo healing
reviewing
not sufficiently
the replication problem and its
parapsychology,
Behaviorial
Statistical
results in
these disciplines.
Military
McRae.
Bearden
utilization. military
Vietnam War.
to evaluate most
for psychokinesis,
and psi
by Thomas E. Bearden and Ronald M. their design,
the U.
with PK,
S.
and other
utilization
and
government and psi related
of the military with PK existed
Actual
e
IMPLICATIONS
McRae discussed
"The involvement
repeatability
rather than absol
discussed PK weapons,
involvement
is
46
implications
presented
it
including
methods must be used
MILITARY
were
sciences,
are probabilistic
sciences.
being
the PK hypothesis,
convincing that such absolute
should be expected.
r
rates from
the tieatment of ulcers has ranged from 8
cited as the reason for rejecting
overall,
44
and laboratories.
45
percent.
In
of
exists across
psi research,
exists across experimenters
variability
recent
The variability
was recorded
areas.
during
the
when the
"Marine Corps deployed a platoon of dowsers with I Corps near Hue.4
The mission of this platoon was to locate
tunnels and weapons
caches.
The
utilization
hidden
was short 31
Sii""*j"*
,, ,,
. -.
.",
.............................................................
,:
.* -*
. .
..
*•***
...
.
,.
-•- _•
'
'
-•""
•
2'.-, t
lived, were
after
six months this method
derived from the inability
personnel
in
such a task,
personnel were
was abandoned.
to satisfactorily
train
and an insufficient
provided possessing
Problems
number of
this ability.
The Army Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence
I
:,
also designated -'
•military
Head of the Psychic Task Force.
has made reference of metaphysics, references
is
•48 to psychotronics,
and PK within its
official
The
ESP,
physics
documents.
These
are of a serious nature and not of ridicule.
Such a document was the 1981 Fire Support Mission Area Analysis i•2
(FSMAA).
technologies, performance
The document referred to
psychotronic weapons
of
field artillery
"cryptomental"
might affect stamina and
men,
and more interestingly
"stated that the union
between mind
and matter
--
a form
of
energy about which little is apparently known in the U. S., but which appears to have 4gnificant military application and implication. Headquarters,
k;
established an official
Training,
and Doctrine
organization,
Command,
in
Task Force Delta.
1979 50
"The mission of Task Force Delta was to develop various study thrusts focusing on the problem, understanding that we must work through people, how can our Army establish and maintain control of changing, inte• ependent systems to maximize force readiness? From this study was developed Battalion" concept,
the "First
one of many concepts
Earth
stemming
from the
32 ,•
-,.
,'
-A
A
project.
The First
B. Channon, approach
U.
S.
through
technologies
Earth Battalion was created by LTC James
Army.
Channon
developed a futuristic
a basic Army perspective
for the soldier.
Channon's
for natural. thoughts were
that,
We relied on smart bombs instead of smart soldiers and that's why we lost Vietnam... Firepower doesn't win wars, stronger than firepower is the force of will, stronger still is sgýrit. and love is the strongest force of all. Channon's First monks.
Earth Battalion is
comprised of warrior
These warrior monks are proficient
,â&#x20AC;˘.'.
force,
at every level of
,53
including
"psiwork"
which focuses on psychic
force.
These fighting monks restrain or win over the enemy, not kill enemy
him.
through psychic
approach
is
force.
by overwhelming
The significance of Channon's
with the notion that "we've
way before."
He uses an entity,
soldiers can comprehend
never done it
the battalion,
significant
to this study is
within a futuristic
implementation it
really
is
that
which all
to convey his idea with
understanding and a sense of believability.
force
the
that he looks to the future without being
encumbered ,,
accomplished
This is
but do
More
Channon's inclusion of
concept
psychic
for possible
by the military with a sense of realism that
possible.
3.3
S UMM AR<Y
The relationship implications
of
psychokinesis
to warfare strategy
of literature.
and its
were evident in
The positive utilization
military application literature.
value
seemed to be prevalent
There are considerations
emphasized
to maintain a tru,
variables
(i.e.,
spatial,
their relationship
for PK in
its
the
of PK and its
These considerations
temporal,
remain to oe studied more
in
the survey
that must be
perspective
possible milit-ry application.
possible
size,
and mass)
fully to gain information
are the that as to
with PK.
The increased
stress and tension that a PK subject
experiences
in
exerting PK energy
battlefield
where the stress level
are not advantageous is
already
on a
high or in
a
hostile environment where the increased stress may hinder the PK subject's critical
abLlity to think clearly,
situation,
to the increased
or weaken the PK subject.
stress,
is
not constant.
influen..e
in
minutes or hours
to
In
the time for PK subjects
PK effect
Swann).
to react
The PK subject (i.e.,
This lack of constancy
the factor of endangerment
to a
addition to exert a
could exert
Kulagina,
or reliability
PK
Parise, can only add
on the batclefield.
A
commander
must have resources at hand that are usable at the
moment
needs
ie
them to influence
the battle.
34
i.'
.,'
S.
.
.
IT
The capability of a PK subject
to influence mass
targets or only single targets must be determined. subject unable to influence
mass
limitation on the effectiveness Usual circumstances
~,
in
of PK on the battlefield.
a battlefield
environment have a
confronting large numbers
necessary
for survival
that the military commander
The influence
Some advantage influenced
rT'â&#x20AC;˘e
advantage
may be gained if
by PK is
effective method
has
through
data it
offers little
commander.
The
PK offers an
the desired PK effect. trials
Though
is
quite unlike
cannot run numerous trials The
parapsychologist
variations
of PK+
The military commander
time to conduct statistical
and
the battlefield.
and PK
trials
on the battlefield
to achieve
conducts base to (, thn and
rmust have a weapon
sure-fire and not one of hit or miss.
effectiveness
this
comfort to the military
to establish a large data
the subtle
of PK
for PK through probabilities
laboratory
The military commander
1983). 54
value and if
analyses.
statistical
interpret
to the commander.
proof for the existence
statistical
proof
thousands of
in
to control or destroy that single target.
provides scientific
that is
is
the single target being
of strategic
i-esearch providing
primarily
Dunne,
It
of PK only on single targets
such a situation offers little
is
of the enemy.
capable of disabling or destroying mass numbers of
the enemy.
4.
targets imposes a
commander
weapons
A PK
There is
no
to measure PK as
in
the laboratory. 35
-
~
-<
The PK subject must have absolute -v
.iI Ar', .
influence. display
It
would not do at all
the "Pauli
effect"
(Gamow,
for a PK subject to 1959)
in
the midst of a
55
to disrupt the enemy's command and control,
PK subject his own.
expecits the
The military commander
friendly environment.
Without control,
the commander
friendly command's
own area.
The recent
in
the of
initiation
exploring
by William Braud and Marilyn Schlitz,
experiments
not
risks the danger of
objects and personnel
the PK subject influencing
X.},â&#x20AC;˘
control over PK
the control of PK are significant to eliminate
the risk of a
,'â&#x20AC;˘;
56
." survey of
The
as disadvantages application
pertaining
of PK.
revealed as many advantages
literature
It
to the possible military to view the
may be more appropriate
variables of PK as to their degree
of relative
importance
ensuring the success of the military commander those objectives as stipulated this way,
When approached
it
degree of relative importance reversed.
It
influence
may be more
by the warfare
causing
in
to
acquiring
strategy.
must be remembered
that the
of the PK variables may be
important to not utilize
to avoid any known or unknown
repercussions control
-
endangering his own friendly forces.
PK subject
detriment
PK
adverse
to the unit's
command and
and the overall mission.
Si-t
"36
-MĂ˝-
CHAPTER II
ENDNOTES
1.
Gertrude R. Schmeidler, "Belief and Disbelief in PSI," Parapsychology Review 16 (January - February 1985): 2-3.
2.
Diana Robinson,
Psychokinesis
3.
Ibid.
4.
John Palmer,
YN"
a Plank --
Nelson-Hall,
"Psi Research
Parapsychology
J-
To Stretch
(Chicago:
Review
in
A Survey
Inc.,
of
1981),
the 1980's,"
16 (March
-
April
1985):
1-4.
5.
Ibid.
6.
Ibid.
"7.
Ibid.
8.
Ibid.
9.
Ibid.
10.
Ibid.
11.
Ibid.
12.
P. W. Bridgman, "Probability, 123 (January 1956): 15-16.
13.
Ibid.
14.
Ibid.
15.
Ibid.
16.
Robert G. Jahn, The Role of Consciousness in the Physical World (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1981).
17.
Louisa E. Rhine, PSI, and Row, Inc., 1975),
What Is p. 31.
p.
Logic,
It?
and ESP,"
(New
York:
Science
Harper
37
-
- -'
.
Emily William Cook, "Research Newsletter 7 (July 1981).
19.
A Review Rex G. Stanford, "Experimental Psychokinesis: from Diverse Perspectives," in Handbook of Van Parapsychology, ed. Benjamin B. Wolman (New York: Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977) pp. 360-361.
20.
Psychophysical Research Laboratories PRL, Report (Princeton, New Jersey: 140-144.
21.
Stanford,
22.
Ibid.
23.
Ibid.,
24.
Marilyn J. Schlitz and Gary L. Heseltine, "The Parapsychological Association Convention, Parapsychology Review 16 (March - April 1985):
pp.
"Experimental
__
"I
(PRL), 1983),
1983 Annual pp.
p. 362.
Psychokinesis,"
363-364. 1984 12-15.
"25.
Ibid.
26.
William Braud, "ESP, PK and Sympathetic Nervous System Activity," Parapsychology Review 16 (March - April 8-11. 1985):
27.
Naomi A. Hintze and J. Gaither Pratt, What Can You Believe? Psychic Realm: Random House, Inc., 1975), p. 136.
28.
Robinson,
a Plank
To Stretch
Psychokinesis,
"
ASPR
on Psychokinesis,"
18.
p.
--
Ph.D., The (New York:
A Survey
of
92. The Psychic Realm:
What Can You
29.
Hintze and Pratt, Believe?, p. 139.
"30.
Robinson, To Stretch A Plank Psychokinesis, p. 88.
31.
PK and Sympathetic Braud, "ESP, Activity," p. 10.
32.
Psychophysical Research Laboratories (PRL), PRL, 1983). Report (Princeton, N. J.:
33.
Stanford,
34.
Ibid.
"Experimental
--
A Survey of Nervous System
Psychokinesis,"
pp.
1983 Annual 359-360.
.,.............
38
•,V,.•
3 8
_
35.
Braud, "ESP, PK and Sympathetic Activity," pp. 9-10.
36.
Ibid.,
37.
Robert L. Morris, "Applied Psi in the Context of HumanEquipment Interaction Systems," Proceedings: Symposium on Applications of Anomalous Phenomena (Leesburg, Virginia: n.p., 1983) p. 1.39.
38.
Stanford,
39.
Psychophysical Research Report, p. 127.
40.
Ibid.,
p.
128.
41.
Ibid.,
p.
128.
42.
Ibid.,
p.
128.
43.
Ibid.,
p.
130.
"44.
Ibid.,
p.
130.
45.
Ibid.,
p.
130. Sr,
46.
Stanley Krippner, editor, Advances on Parapsychological Research - Psychokinesis (Vol 1) (New York: Plenum Press, 1977).
47.
Ronald M. McRae, Mind Wars: The True Story of Government Research into the Military Potential Psychic Weapons (New York: St. Martin's Press,
p.
Nervous System
10.
"Experimental
Psychokinesis," Laboratories
pp.
(PRL),
359-360. 1983 Annual
of 1984).
48.
Ibid.
49.
Ibid.
50.
James B. Channon, LTC, USA, "The First Earth Battalion," Concept paper for project, "Task Force Delta" (HQ, TRADOC, Fort Monroe, Virginia: n.p., 1979).
51.
Ibid.
52.
McRae,
53.
Ibid.
Mind Wars.
1t
U
39
4.-,
54.
Robert G. Jahn and Brenda J. Dunne, "On the Quantum Mechanics of Consciousness, with Application to Anomalous Phenomena," Research Pap!r for Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, December 1983.
55.
Morris,
56.
Marilyn Schlitz, "Esalen Meetings on Psi Research," Parapsychology Review 15 (November - December 1984): 10-12.
"Applied Psi,"
p.
136.
:1I
k Ai
40 -,.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY DESIGN The data was obtained through an unobtrusive, descriptive
methodological
research design.
The content
analysis wethod was used as the technique for making
,wJ,
references
and recording information
objectively ' !studies
identifying
reviewed.
The
specified characteristics
of the study.
by the objectives
and
These stipulations eliminated
analysis of only studies and reference materials the investigator's
of the
to the consistently applied
of selection determined
delimitations
and
inclusion or exclusion of research
conclusions were done according criteria
by systematically
supporting
hypotheses.
PROCEDURE The researcher reviewing several
11
made a comprehensive
many experimental
texts.
Definitions
studies,
dozens of articles,
history,
effects
determine
if
the collective
supported
the explicit or implicit utility
and mental),
literature
characteristics,
reported
and
of PK as a tool
of warfare.
The major focus of the literary
to determine
the substance
of evidence
and
theoretical
orientation,
(physical
study of PK by
study will be
providing for PK's 41
A*
in
utilization
strategy and more specifically
warfare
Several key experimental
impact on command and control.
relevant independent
some detail,
in
studies were recorded
its
where
PK was a
variable causing some significant results.
reaction which expressed functional TECHNIQUE
The material was interpreted and conclusions were drawn
upon first
by the researcher
second,
parameters of the literature; record of what was reviewed later
studied
Finally,
the related
the researcher
and collected.
made a
The researcher
this data to discover the use and meaning of
for the U.
information
reviewing
the collective
S.
Army and its
potentialities,
findings,
applications were evaluated
strategists. and
and reported.
y.<.
-
2
I, ,\.. -
- M nu.rLn.~-
-.
b',.JA
.F--
--
-
.X
~IM
S.
A r *
"CHAPTER IV PSYCHOKINESIS
This chapter
•I"
associated
AND MILITARY APPLICATION
will address military considerations
with command and control upon which psychokinesis
of PK within them.
the introduction and employment
environment
The
to these areas of military
of psychokinesis
interest will either
potential for
to possess a realistic
selected are considered
implication
The areas
or impact.
could have a possible influence
be one of enhancement or provide the
for psychokinesis
LV"'
to be a weapo-
unto itself.
COMMUNICATIONS
Communications is effectiveness measure
whether
the keystone of command control
it
be during peace or war.
of communications effectiveness
functions
more efficiently
enemy's.
Communications is
control
is
implemented.
information
is
communications control.
than the
by which command and
and presented in support,
To interfere
systems a form
and provide
or disrupt this
system can adversely affect
This truism applies
whether it
our communications
analyzed,
coordinate
to our forces.
quickly
the means
Through
collected,
to communicate orders, direction
and more
is
The
command and
to us and to our enemies.
The
43
LA.
•-, .• - ,.
..j -:." "- -'.-. ,.,-
:,•'4-. .*.
> j,"j'£•• :> '<
.'.. ,..- .
' .'" '-' .. r . ., - ,.*
' : -
.
' x j . " , ' . .,
"disruption of communications systems is United States and our opponents warfar'
equipment.
capability
(usually
This equipment
own electronic
opposing forces, ,n%.
by utilizing
identification
is
electronic
but is
also visible,
signal that can be targeted
produces noise
generators),
both by the
not only possesses the
to disrupt communications,
provides its
achieved
from its
by
power source
produces a thermal
image.
and
possible by air reconnaissance.
"Electronic warfare equipment can be beneficial
but possesses
"disadvantages as identified above. "The introduction of psychokinesis as a possible disrupter
of communications opens the door to a new aipproach
to electronic
warfare.
place of the equipment of PK.
There is is
no equipment
a human possessing
Thcre are no identification
warfare equipment
other equipment. offers
no noise from an energy compared
be confused by placing
unlike
can be distinguished
source,
visibility
to equipment,
frow
can be
thermal
image can
the human with other humans or near
"something with an overriding emission cannot
the capability
Utilizing a human with PK capability
better controlled -4
that
in
markings distinguishing
the human from other humans as a PK emitter, electronic
involved;
be targeted
thermal output, (or at least as it
and the PK is
known at
this time). How can PK affect ,.
Chapter
I,
U.J
.11,
communication:.?
Ingo Swann and Nina Kulagina
Referri-,g
back to
demonstrated
how
44
<p
they could influcence of PK concentrated
that force
the circuitry could a malfunction
temperature.
If
an individual capable
towards electrical
become sufficiently
resulting
in
circuitry,
overheated
a communications
to cause
breakdown.
This type of operation may be best suited for a peacetime
environment.
very effective in k,-,5Icoordinate
"9
The
implementation
preventing
the enemy from communicating
actions that are of an aggressive
~United States or to disrupt those electrical are integral States. highly
â&#x20AC;˘ V
to equipment
emplaced in computer
The advantage
is
is
computer malfunctions
necessary, A*
This agent is
operator, In
no physical
when required
Another
with
during the
tampering with the computer is
the suspicions of
PK is
that may be found
the enemy.
area within communications
potential, for employing
the
a breakdown.
the computer
and no gadgets need be emplaced
thus arousing
does
just be able
this way,
the computer experienced
no danger of being around
malfunction,
to PK phenomena.
that the individual
to focus his thoi.ihts on the computer.
the enemy believing
as a
force working around the enemy's
have to be a computer
agent can effect
that
may be one where an individual with PK
the labor
not necessarily
There
themselves
the capacity as an agent.
systems.
nature to the circuits
visible and highly sensitive target The scenario
to
directed against the United
Computer systems would present
"ability serves in
A...
of PK could be
air traffic
that may have control.
PK could
"45
<â&#x20AC;˘<':X g/ "'"
""--,
'"
" "
"
:;."
. -.
...
".
.
...
in
be used to overheat the circuitry more
console and,
equipment may not have a significant is
control
the air traffic
in
The malfunction
console.
radar approach
the ground
in
especially,
the communications
the weather
impact if
good and the pilot can use Visual Flight Rules
could
the weather
if
However,
landing
cause aircraft
from the tower,
instructions
the tower operators
distrust
influence of PK
inclement,the
is
(VFR).
accidents,
confusion in
and cause
the pilots to
a sufficient
if
flight
number of
are caused.
malfunctions
The space program offers another area within that may be affected
communications-electronics is
in
as described
on the same principles
by PK.
the preceding
comments that the space program could be harassed. agent precipitating
malfunctions within
consoles could result communications course,
space launches
in
and generate
credibility
going awry,
within the minds of the
distrust
of
the space programs
is
that there is
providing a clue malfunction the after-the-fact
in
affected.
to employing
The key advantage
true
the space control
and the public as well as to the technical
astronauts
instances
A PK
orbits going off
satellite
breakdowns,
It
the above
PK in
no tangible,
residual evidence
The attitude
of foul play.
the ordinary sense occurred,
taken is
that a
thus misleading
analysis and causing confusion as to the
basis for the malfunction. 46
-
-*-
--
-
-
~.'.**
The The
key
success
disadvantage
of
is
PK disrupting
that
PK
is
human
dependent.
communications-electronics
A
equipment
depends
Additionally, equipment cause
the
to
on how
adept
person
must
know where
the have
potential was
Kulagina,
using PK,
of
a
caused
result
in
frog,
of
must
a
that
The sustainment: generating expiring totally
of
PK energy
the to
PK upon
life
the action
use of has
PK to
suspicion.
based
The
on natural
seriously
explicable.
Such
in
tissue,
a human.
the
to use handicap
and
must
must be
grave
decision
only or
appearance
be
can PK energy the
the only
thoroughly and
feasible
briefed
be
option.
disrupt
life
of assassination
causes
muscle
the body metabolism
terminate
the effect
the heart
thrombosis
necessity
is
life
controlling
Therefore,
or to
such a
affect
of heart
The PK agent of
to
study of Kulagina.
tearing
coronary
absolute
the rationale
convinced
of
consequences.
human
be an
capable
of
viable alternative. to
using PK.
knowledge his
used
the case
caused
influence serious
in
was
symptoms
terminate
person
evidenced
dead
The
as
in
LIFE
of PK being
functions
to
is
the most damage.
The
and
some
to concentrate
HUMAN
beat
person
without is
one
or causes
an action could
of
the
victim
that
are
not
be directed
47
AU
*+
against diplomats, scientists, public
national
leaders,
economic advisors, figure or individual
military leaders,
military operators,
or any
having an influence upon
the
world situation. The application of PK for such purpcses should not be haphazardly essential
used.
The conditions must be such that it
is
for its employment.
"A factor that will affect the employment of PK will be the PK agent's values governing his beliefs on life morality.
If
the PK ag,,nt is
of his ability
is
not convinced
of absolute necessity,
it
that employment would not appear
that the individual would consent to performing task.
Therefore,
PK agent is of life
assignments.
If
wizay be used for other termination. individual's is
It
is
ht
is
adverse unintended
then possibly he
not involving life
not feasible to believe that the
of
Such an act
S. ideals or ethics.
To say
that such an attempt might have
serious
i'K consequences.
Th e ideal utilization
security.
not willing,
beliefs would be forcibly changed.
nothing of the fac
to be a
to perform termination
tasks requiring PK,
not within the bounds of U.
elimination
che required
a prerequisite for an individual
that he must be willing
and
of PyK. in
those personages
The elimination
without arousing world
this area would
threatening
world
of such individuals
be the
peace and
could be done
suspicion or accusation of any one
nation since a highly visible assassination
was not 48
â&#x20AC;˘
.
1
could continue without
The actions of the world
performed.
among
the furor that a blatant assassination would generate the nations.
DISORIENTATION
The effect of disorientation among
-â&#x20AC;˘
those capable
described
PK,
of performing studies,
the case
in
the effect that PK has,
any device designed
similar to the effects
is
used in
to provide navigational self-apparent.
influence
the navigational
systems of naval
systems,
or The
guidance.
A PK agent could
such an effect is
weapons
this context
or can have upon compasses,
impact of
spncecraft,
et.al.
Swann,
Parise,
i.e.,
The effect of disorientation as it is
seems to be a common one
ships,
aircraft,
missile delivery systems,
and
troop movements using a simple compass or other similar device
for directional
guidance.
by misguiding the movements of the different
instilled
This effect
of vehicle craft. with the
scene. is
could remain Thus,
incorrect
after the PK agent
suspicion of the PK agent
no longer in
the area and the effect
kinds
enhanced
the case study of
The PK agent could concentrate
navigational system to registcr
M
could be further
"linger effect" as described in
Felicia Parise.
effect
Confusion could be
on the
readings and
this
has departed from the is
lessened
remains for
since he some
time period. 49
/.1
The use of psychokinesis "
In
systems can cause crafts to go off course, or collision acci,
lA.-.Kt-â&#x20AC;˘
in
nts in
mass movements,
the navigational equipment,
leadership
vt
to influence navigational
cause
as to being able
effect
but could
precipitate
distrust
distrust
in
the
and
to impact on wrong targets.
of PK on navigational
be very effective
instill
to navigate accurately,
guidance system weapons Tht
cause confusion
systems is
when performed
subtle
at a critical
moment.
"NUCLEAR WARFARE ALTERNATIVE
The established
use of psychokinesis
realization
of its
threatening
type of warfare now known,
potential could
use of psychokinesis a greater
cause malfunctions
impact upon
against nuclear
weapon than nuclear in
or the accepted
arms.
the most
nuclear warfare.
The
weaponry would make PK could
be used
controlling the stabilization
it
to
of
nuclear reactors within the opposing force's own territory. Nuclear melt downs could would be to cause a .\râ&#x20AC;˘fac-ilities
to have
,surrounding
be precipitated.
sufficient number serious
problems je-up-al-izing
concerned that they would steadfastly facility.
Again,
and no apparent way
there would to discover
thrust
of nuclear reactor
region that the population
the
The main
the locul
would become demand
be no
so
the closure of
traceable
evidence
that a PK agent was 50
,-
.
disrupting is
the nuclear
certainly
facility.
a better
with opposing
nuclear
anti-nuclear
weapon
the resulting evidence
exists
as
caused,
and
Nuclear
retaliation
arms.
PK could
deterrent
nation can
that
the opponents
of
the U.
S.
may
prompt
if
powers, The
the risk
danger
great
of a risk.
it
now
detect
PK.
within
the
T.
There
known,
radar
To reduce country,
the U.
could
planning
nuclear PK
is
internally is
in
is
the threat
the
would
use
PK
that
of
PK
use.
among the rationale nuclear increased.
the country
is
too
of an attack,
as
device known cannot
of nuclear
arms
it
The
greatly
no forewarning
or any other
nuclear
arms.
used by
sabotage
no
the incident. but
S.
strategic
if
for nuclear
\
is
that
of detonation
itseli,
would also be capable
"nuclear powers to reduce their is
of
since
was
as a possibility,
to assert
such reductions
warfare
instability
be accused
arms
an effective
the country
the nuclear
be reasonable
for
be
nuclear
to nuclear
would be within
remains
Such an assertion
of psychokinesis
than countering
to how
no one
usc
option
or
damage
The
would
detonations
be dismantled
and
neutralized.
THE
The
potential
overwhelming. be
accepted
by
"AGENCY"
benefit
ThL
realization
the
government.
for
employing
of If
such a
PK agents
benefit
acceptance
must is
can
be
first
gained,
the
51
_S
a
i-
next step will be to identify positive PK ability. organized and
Next,
those individuals
need to be
these individuals
trained as agents,
possessing
similar to training
received
by CIA and other special agents.
of these
individuals will enable the implementation of a PK
The orgAnization
network. Implementing coordinated
such a PK network will permit a
execution
of PK initiatives
active PK program could of retaliation
worldwide.
be very effective
since PK can be effected
An
without the fear
in
a subtle manner
"and does not necessitate overt actions. The
organization
the "Agency".
of these PK agents,
I have
termed
There could be an underlying
danger
to the
"Agency".
This danger would be the PK agents themselves.
Initially,
the PK agents may be uncertain
unsure of each other.
However,
over
the PK agents may gain confidence a cohesive common drawn
,
~
cemented
capability, together
compared
-.-
group
PK.
to their
prevalent
become
so prevalent,
entity
in
national
among
the
that
the
The
government
"Agency" hut
their roles and
a
power
would
begin to
no
gather
could no
their
PK
been
talent
syndrome
This power
owes
become
have
developed
"Agency" that
basis of
individuals
more
group.
An entity
itself.
government.
of their
roles and
the passing of time,
on the
these
contemporaries,
become
one
together
Since
because
in
of their
could
syndrome become
other
could
an
allegiance
longer
as
to
be unique
any to a
individuals
5) A'- :_
,].].2.M
possessing 4,
worldwide.
PK abilities
The "Agency"
would then
become a world organization that could take either of two paths; one being to suppress any country's action to disrupt world stability
and work for peace or the other being
impose itself "Agency's"
upon the world to dominate silent
it
through the
but effective PK capability.
possibility of such a threatening
to
The
situation developing
could
be minimized through action by the United Nations (UN) outlaw PK or at least the use of PK to endanger This would seem unlikely since it
PK be
existing weapons
in
human life.
would be very difficult
control and enforce such a ruling. outlawed
to
to
The U. N. has not
the world;
therefore,
why would
treated any differently.
PPK COUNTERMEASURES
This study did not reveal any confirmed
A\-l
countermeasures
to neutralize PK.
research literature
reviewed
the parapsychologist and the causal
The implications
indicated
that the concern of
has been to determine
factors for PK.
some parapsychologists
of the
Recently
what PK can do
(1983-84),
have started to explore
however,
methods for
limiting psychic functioning. William Braud and Marilyn Schlitz have conducted a bio-PK blocking study.2 â&#x20AC;˘ij Overall success was not reported one experimenter
for the study,
provided statistical
but "the results
confirmation
that &Z|
pi 1
for
53
people,
2
through psychological
block the PK influence.''3
or psychic means,
This was accomplished
"participants visualizing a protective themselves.
~
the "first
locks the result in, a PK influence"
screen around
prohibiting a second
shows
person from having
that parapsychologists
are becoming
that is to turn it
as well as on and to find methods to counteract efforts are only beginning, been overwhelmingly rather
' ~effectively
than determining
fully understood.
Therefure,
to fully reveal
the intricacies
The
has
and what it To
that something
must be
further PK research must be conducted
the "radionic
attacks.4
These
PK investigation
of PK.
that may have some counteractive
shield" is
off
to determine effective
to PK,
"radionic
it.
how to stop it.
something,
countermeasures
A device
in
whereas
concerned with what PK is
counteract
on PK is
by the
person to observe the data
more aware of the need to control PK,
can do,
to
This information coupled with Schmidt's
experiments where
.'I
are able
shield."
to protect
device is
The purpose
influence
of the
the bearer from psychic
energized
when the user inserts a
5 lock of his hair or
a drop of blood.
for human protection,
The device
but does not adapt itself
is
used
for the
protection
of inorganic
shield" is
developed and promoted through the United States
Psychotronics
or inanimate
Association
(USPA)."
radionic devices has been documented
objects.
Military
The "radionic
interest
in
by USPA members having 54
i..
p-r
.
-
,
.
.
,%,..i
A
7
contacts with the Pentagon.
This interest
has been
8
2
evidenced by Pentagon Statistics shield"
purchases of radionic devices.
on the success or failure rate of the "radionic were not surfaced
the effectiveness
in
the research data.
of the "radionic
Therefore,
shield" to counteract
PK
was indeterminable.
PK COMMAND AND CONTROL
The
level for command and control decisions
utilization,
in
the opinion of this researcher,
best entrusted at the Pentagon level.. PK does not reflect
for PK
would be
The current
status of
enough advancement to be used at will on
a dynamic battlefield;
therefore,
there
is
no rationale
place the command and control of PK at the tactical operational
levels of war.
However,
or
PK research studies
have shown enough substance
to warrant concern and
monitoring at
level.
The performing
the strategic
difficulty of harnessing,
directing,
PK at "will" imposes disadvantages
immediate military disadvantages
usage of PK.
should
In
be sufficiently
to
the event overcome,
and
affecting these the military
pocential to use PK will be greatly enhanced. The use of PK in this situation must be stringently controlled to prevent The best way to maintain tight haphazard and negligent use. control is to retain the decision nmaking at the Pentagon
55
.. . . ..W ..
..
. .
A
level. covert its
PK would become a very feasible usage potential.
The responsibility
use must be at a level
PK and its
accessing
The Pentagon
for implementing
personnel educated
use and at a level which is
the world situation.
weapon with inherent
in
constantly aware of
fulfills
these
parameters
and its awareness of the world situation would help to ensure
PK to be used only
appropriate
for those incidents
and necessitate
its
that are
use.
SUMMARY
The areas addressed are but only a few of the A.
possibilities
offering
psychokinesis
in
utilization
potential
military application.
for
The areas focused on
the impact of PK on the command and control aspect of warfare strategy.
The impact
equipment,
potential use in
but its
was also discussed. could be organized than being
Persons
enhancement descriptions
to human life
possessing a PK capability rather
into existing organizations.
doet, have a potential
for being a military
or even a military weapon as evidenced presented.
A factor
of PK as a military weapon officials
relation
into a separate force structure
integrated
Psychokinesis
of PK was not limited to
is
influencing
the realization
that such a potential exists and
from the
the adoption by government
the acceptance
of
PK as a reality.
56 7T.M
CHAPTER IV ENDNOTES 1.
Headquarters, Department of the Army, Field Manual No. 100-5. (Washington, D. C.: HQDA, 1982), p. 7-3.
"2.
Marilyn Schlitz, "Esalen Meetings on Psi Research," ParapsycholGgy Review 15 (November-Deceniber 1984): 10-12.
3.
Ibid.
4.
Ronald M. McRae, Mind Wars: The True Story of Government Research into the Military Potential Psychic Weapons (New York: St. Martin's Press,
5. 6 6. 7 â&#x20AC;˘
"7.
of 1984).
Ibid. Ibid. Ibid.
8.
Ibid.
A, ,'j
r
*
7
CHAPTER V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS This study addressed implication(s)
I4.
strategy,
itself
to the possible
that psychokinesis
specifically
may have on warfare
the command and control aspect.
central questions examined were these: implication(s)
does
respect to warfare
(do)
What possible
psychokinetic
strategy'?
phenomena
potential value may psychokinetic
entirety, known. However,
and capabilities
factors for
PK research
with the primary objective reality
of PK,
but of attempting
conditions conducive
warfare
in
"-':,.
their
and completely
to be designed and reported
to define
critics
more
particular,
of the
precisely
to identify
manifestations.
to draw any simple conclusion
the immediate application
of PK to
strategy. The research showed that
PK can be a potentially
effective military weapun;
however,
-in immediate possibility.
It
suggest
in
also remain inexplicable.
to their ieliable
was not possible
from this st,,dy of
of PK,
not of convincing
"the nature of PK effects and,
It
PK,
has tended
What
phenomena have militarily?
remain to be fully understood
The causal
have with
What impact may these
implications have on modern military thought?
The characteristics
The
a number
of other
is
its
true
application that
the reader
factors that could have
not may
been 8
'4-8
• < :':•-=-',',.,-•.•-': . ..- <:.,."- '-','-,• ',•". .. <- --.
is
•
:< •-";'L%< .CX•; )•
<%; •" ....38 < .F . .
presented.
Though such criticisms may
following conclusions
military
when PK has advanced
A4Ă˝)
control
could have potential
value for future military
utilization.
operations
to the point for effective
PK directed against command elements
electronics,
the
were drawn:
Psychokinesis
1.
be granted,
(i.e.,
and
communications,
computers,
humans)
disruption and possible damage
could effect to the opposing
forces covertly. 2.
The implications
warfare
strategy
of PK with respect to
are not of immediate
but are of long range consideration
concern
impacting
on
command and control. 3.
The military
future possibilities researched this
application of PK has but
not sufficiently
and refined for implementation at
time.
The survey of
literature
this alone is
not sufficient
Factors
is
influencing
indicated the existence of PK, for military
application.
the milit;iry application
of PK are:
Cannot be effected
at "will" with constancy,
PK energy
to have aln effect on an object
mass of
required
but
the object must be more definitive,
2)
3)
1)
Relation of and the
Time required
"59
the PK manifestation
to effect
its
to direct movements)
on objects,
standards to determine individuals,
concentrate
undisturbed.
lateral
id potential within
PK capability
has been within the
PK experimentation
and 7)
PK control
universally accepted
Absence of
6)
where
confines of the laboratory
sterile
reverse,
forward,
(i.e.,
effect
the PK subject
upon
Lack of sufficient
5)
has not been determined,
The impact
4)
irregular,
influences
psychological
of surrounding
is
the PK subject carn does not offer
The battlefield
offer
The dynamics of the battlefield
this environment.
chaos and the need for instant decisions,
not time
there is
These to concentrate at length to effect PK manifestations. factors do not satisfactorily permit the immediate military however,
application
of PK;
advances in
these areas,
if
PK research makes significant
military application
will approach
reality.
The above immediately
PK from being
factors may prevent
institutionalized
they do not eliminate
within warfare
the potential
use of PK to influence
command and control as part of warfare
regularity,
nevertheless,
but,
and Vinogradova,
it
PK energy will have a role be controlled
can
This has
can be effected.
as well as PK experiments
anid
directed.
in
(Jahn
warfare
Parise,
and Dunne,
strategy,
The re!1.ation
between
when PK 60
rIM• '-6
k t . . . .- ,
it
through such PK subjects as Kulagina,
been evidenced
1983).
the
strategy in
PK cannot be effected at will with
distant future.
V
but
strategy,
-. .
.•
"j•I .-. .... ,
..,., -: ., : ,, . : -¢ 1. ,IY3 -.. • ". 3 - .2k .)2¢ .?•L -. ..? . - -
'4m
and the mass of
the target
object must
be more definitive,
but evidence exists substantiating this relation (Forwald The point is that as much 1952, 1957; Cox 1971).
K•
information as possible must be obtained about PK to properly and effectively
employ
manifestations is
irregular.
exhibited,
may take seven
but it
hours as evidenced
it.
The time to effect PK
PK manifestations can be (7)
minutes or seven
by Kulagina and other PK subjects.
survey of literature
did not reveal what effect
(7) The
surrounding
'¼ L
psychological
7".
influences may have upon
the PK subject.
remains as an unknown variable that must be determined
(2".
[4
.•
use PK,
ensure
experienced
by the PK subject
or by personnel
in
the
proximate surrounding
area.
The lack of sufficient
control
effect
is
its
The PK energy may affect
situation.
the wrong
control
disruption than is
The commander
in
order
battlefield.
target,
may affect
to influence the actions
to have some,
I\
direction
ilk
Vinogradova.
(forward,
found
though limited,
reverse,
lateral
he can firmly
on
in
the
the survey of
control over was
;ucepted
to determine PK capability
within individuals
is
may cause
for the
movement)
The absence of universally
within the literature potential
desired
must have weapons
The only PK subject
literature
PK
an obvious disadvantage.
friendly personnel and equipment unintentionally, more misdirecLed
to
any adverse reactions are not
effectively
to direct
This
standards and
not a key disadvantage
to • 01
Ik
'B=
.
.
.
.
.
.-
.
.
.
.
. .-
1.
PK's military application.
However,
such standards would
"provide guides for such determination, needless
experimentation
PK subjects could filter
and testing of masses of people.
be narrowed
to a specific group-type and
out those not having PK capability. PK may not be adequately
A
part of the current weapons significant
potential
refined to be considered
inventory;
as a military weapon.
Military
the possible applications warfare.
it
possesses the future.
thought i- its
strategists
potential
ca.,.,ot discount
that PK may have on future
These possibilities
were discussed
Strategists are concerned
..
however,
to be a military weapon in
The impact of PK on military
440
thus preventing
in
Chapter IV.
with the
art of controlling and utilizing the resources of a natioa ... to the end that its vital interests shall be effectively promoted and secured against enemies, actual., potential, "or presumed...is that which so integrates the policies and armaments of the nation that the resort to war is either rendered unnecessary or is under~aken with the maximum chance of victory.
Therefore, potential
srrategists ise of PK,
through the nation
should be concerned with the
population,
against
or offering
since it
its
The potential militarily
is
its
and could
enemies,
an advantage
is
a resource of the nation, be used in
securing the
rendering war to be unnecessary,
to maximize
value of
the chance of victory.
psychokinetic
inherent adaptability
to
phenomena -overt
62
ISO-,-
operations.
The advantage
can be inserted
is
into environments requiring
disruption of command w1ll
that it
human
Humans possessing a high degree of PK capability
dependent.
-
of PK is
provide
and control
for the avoidance
of victory.
With proper
systems.
the covert This disxuption
of war or ensuring
preparation,
the chance
a human can be placed
"in an environment without any or minimal suspicion. offer
flexibility
analyze
in
environment, movement,
A machine weapon on the other
suspicion if
its
cannot think on its
form is own,
may
requires humans for placement,
movement.
The
this study; unfriendly feedback
subject-to-target
however,
evaluated
since evidence presented
PY subjects
and psychological
occurrence,
"and is
functioning,
offers the PK subject
jeopardy if
immediate
psychological
This must be
earlier
showed
various
physical
after PK activity.
phenomena
into an
These
could place the PK
or make him suspect through their
the enemy
attentive
and
activity
have experienced
and psychological adversities
in
for
distance was discounted for
that PK subjects could develop post-PK
subject
be bulky
of success or failure of the mission.
carefully
physical
alien to the
the insertion of PK individuals
environment
"debilitation.
K"
situations since they can
and react to changes.
hand may present
-4
changing
Humans
is
knowledgeable
to the occurrence
in
of these
the area of PK physical and
phenomena.
63
11-MOM
The PK subject's
human dependent.
it
may assist
Research
it.
the PK results or minimal at best. may influence the or instability
stability
and moral views of the PK
comes the ethical
of the PK subject's ethics and morals
The impact
This
to formulate
The question existence exerted
is
to subject and there
research
an absence of sufficient
any firm conclusion.
arises that if
research
why have not the persons
of PK,
vary from
the impact will
since
an unknown variable
subject
suggests the
possessing PK
their power to overwhelm the present
regimes of
to
along with human
Additionally,
will depend upon his strength of conviction to them. is
the
PK has not been sufficiently researched
provide data for evaluation.
subject.
is
the subject is
If
this area is
in
psychological
How such
could influence
dependence
influence
of the subject
stability
The psychological PK results.
health may
affect
may adversely
this
health,
ill
also that it
of the PK energy exerted.
effectiveness in
of PK is
the disadvantage
Ironically,
PK has such
if
Certainly,
the world?
governments
potential
for military
application why have we not been overpowered
those having
PK capabilities?
"no organization or "agency" either nationally
or in
direction and guidance. psychic phenomena problem here
is
centrally
the world, Withi,
are prevalent
that
in
One reason
is
that
by
there is
managing PK subjects,
to provide
some nations,
uniform PK and other
within the culture.
most cases
and
The
these cultures are in
"64
what is
considered
backward
within these countries
%A.
is 3
concerned
real desire to conquer
The psi phenomena
intertwined
cults using superstition. very close-knit
countries.
with shamanic-type
These cults usually appear to be only with -their own needs and no Additionally,
the world.
witch doctors do not desire to make known thei.r Within their local culture, important,
if
they shared
overtake the world, disappear.
they are considered
very
position would
the civilized world,
PK subjects in
secrets.
with others to
their secrets
their prestigious
shamans and
in
all
"probability, would be better educated and have ethics, morals,
Also,
their PK capability. about
that may govern over how they use
and a conscience
being publi,
with their ability,
them under the fire general media,
fear
these PK subjects may be timid
of peer criticism.4
of PK is
the portrayal
where most experiences
the source of the effect unsavory character.5
is
regarded
of a known entity,
The
and guidance,
Contributing to a such phenomena in
in
would require the i.e.,
the government,
the capabilities
government
the
as a freak or otherwise
To gather the PK subjects together,
would fully acknowledge subjects.
of
may bring
are regarded with terror and
the opinion of this researcher, sponsorship
since it
could provide
and give them a sense of
that
of these PK them with dixection
purpose and
utilization.
65
I.7
FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
CONSIDERATIONS
A consideration
1.
for future research is
healing within the
possible application of PK to medical U.
S.
Army.
of PK was not directly
This application but tangential
to the study,
the
to it.
The
related reviewed
literature
suggested
that PK could possibly be applied to medical
healing.
The application of PK for healing
presents an
aspect of PK different from this study which focused on a orientation
destruction 2.
Research evaluation
of organization s:ubjects.
for PK subjects?
organization
force structure
Is
These
study of PK to determine organize
individuals
different
values
PK to inflict ?.
(-
not,
or is
it?
then what be placed
structure that PK subjects
conclusions as to how to best PK capability.
humans
in
using PK to
need further study and
this way as a military weapon
than using such weapons
machine guns,
for PK
the best force structure
should PK subjects
possessing
PK applied
a type
questions encourage the further
pain and/or death in
"evaluation.
ethical
the "Agency,"
The moral and ethical issues
3. inflict
i.e.,
If
there an existing force
could be placed in?
to determine
needed
concept
]organization
in?
is
force structure,
the "Agency"
Is
~i
of PK.
as rifles,
cannons,
is
no
and
The PK subject's own moral and
could impact
on the effective
pain and/or death in
humans.
application Whether
of
the 66
impact
is
positive or negative
remains open for study and
"for conclusions to be determined.
The further
study in
these areas will provide
additional information
on PK and contribute
analysis of PK and its
implication
to the overall
to warfare
strategy.
1â&#x20AC;˘.',
-
-
2l-
67
CHAPTER V ENDNOTES
"-""
John Palmer, '"Psi Research in the 1980's," Parapsychology Review 16 (March-April 1985):
1.
,-
1-4.
2.
Edward Mead Earle, Makers of Modern Strategy Princeton University Press, 1943). (Princeton:
"3.
Patric V. Giesler, "Batcheldoriai. Psychodynamics in "Umbanda Ritual Trance Consultation, Part 1," "Parapsychology Review 15 (November-December 1984): 5-9.
the
S4. "Esalen Meetings on Psi Research," Marilyn Schlitz, Parapsychology Review 15 (November-December 1984): 10-12. Ibid.
5.
"4.#.
'
1 '''
68
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. .,.,
'
-.
.
- . 2
.
'
'
"
-
,
"-
:
¢
,
-
- :
•
"
".
-"--q"
-
-
-"
"
'"
" "
""
"
'
-
-
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5 West 73rd
Intelligence Center.
Fort Detrick,
Center for Research in Scientific Communication. Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218. j.- ? '.
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P. Laboratory. 7559 Santa Monica Angeles, CA 90046.
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Productions.
Health Research. 95245. -
-
Inner
PSI
70 Lafayette
Light Foundation.
rhe Ir.stitute "Valley, "Ne
Cat Rock Road,
of
CA
P.
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CT
Los
06807.
Mokelumre Hill, Novato, Box
b4(J,
Box
CA
CA
94947.
Yucca
q2284.
Realities," 680 Beach "t" -ancisco,CA 94109. Center.
Street,
0. Box
Boulevard,
Cos Cob,
763
University,
Division of Parapsychology, Department of Psychiatry. 152 U. V. vedical Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908. E.
MD
Plane
Tree
Street,
Lane,
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D)ix
Hiills,
408,
NY
Sari
I()).U
77
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"~I
1.â&#x20AC;˘
"-.
Psychology Department.
Duke University,
Psychology Department. MD 21218.
Johns Hopkins University,
Psychology Department. 94305.
Stanford
University,
Psychology Department. University Angeles, CA 90024.
"Samuel Weiser,
Institute.
Inc.
School of Engineering and Applied Science. University, Princeton, NJ 08544. Science
Unlimited Foundation. 78201.
311
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New York,
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Stanford,
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734 Broadway,
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of California,
Psvchophysical Research Laboratories. "East, Princeton, NJ 08540. Psychosynthesis CA 94301.
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