Melbourne MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS - Clinton Baird by Clinton Baird

M elbourne

MoSIC MUSEUM of (Subsurface) Infrastructure & Contaminants

S T U D I O

D I G

MUSEUM of (Subsurface) Infrastructure & Contaminants MoSIC

Clinton Baird [759953]

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Table of Contents MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Position

Hypothesis 006-007 Research 008-043 Concept Design 044-071 Sketch Design Interations

072-091

Sketch Design 092-131 Refined Design Iterations

132-147

Refined Design

148-211

References 212-215

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Hypothesis MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

With the population of Melbourne set to reach 8.5 million by 20501, rapid new underground infrastructure to facilitate the city’s growth has brought critical thought to Melbourne’s establishment conjecture of (Sub) Terra Nullius2, a problem highlighting Australia’s problematic relationship to land3 and its embedded notion that ‘land is a sink4. With the European colonisation of Melbourne, discovery of gold and the rapid expansion of the city in the 19th century; waste products of both our built environments outputs and behaviour surmounted, causing detrimental damage to the subsurface (land, soil, and water-bodies)5 as well as to our own subsurface (disease & sickness)6. Therefore, this thesis will design and house the Melbourne MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS. In doing so the museum will challenge the sanitary nature of encasement in the typical displays of museums by designing spaces for visitors to confront their unforeseen ancestral and own toxic waste coagulating below the surface, challenging preconceived notions of waste and rethinking its future potential. Luke Henriques-Gomes, “Australia’s Population Forecast to Hit 30 Million by 2029,” The Guardian, November 22, 2018, sec. Australia news, https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/nov/22/australias-population-forecast-to-hit-30-million-by-2029. 2 M. D. L. Melo Zurita, “Challenging Sub Terra Nullius: A Critical Underground Urbanism Project,” 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2020.1723829. 3 Bruce Pascoe, Dark Emu : Aboriginal Australia and the Birth of Agriculture, New edition. (Magabala Books, 2018). 4 Max Liboiron, “Waste Colonialism,” Discard Studies, November 1, 2018, https://discardstudies.com/2018/11/01/waste-colonialism/. 5 Lee Fergusson, “Anthrosols and Technosols: The Anthropogenic Signature of Contaminated Soils and Sediments in Australia,” Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 228, no. 8 (July 9, 2017): 269, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3460-z. 6 Graeme Davison, David Dunstan, and Chris McConville, The Outcasts of Melbourne : Essays in Social History (Allen & Unwin, 1985). 1

Position

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Waste Colonialism MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

With the rapid development of the underground (subsurface) infrastructure within cities local to global, the challenge of bringing a broader social lens to the subsurface relationship is brought into question7. Within the City of Melbourne as the population is expected to reach 8.5 million by 20508, critical thought is brought to Melbourne’s establishment conjecture of the (sub) terra nullius9, where land is held within the coloniser notion of land is a sink10, a problem highlighting Australia’s problematic relationship to land11. Research shows that we’re now living in an era marked by unprecedented quantities and exotic types of human waste and environmental contamination, with evidence of contaminants present in Australian soils and waterways; concern arises as long-term health effects of are brought into question12. Yet continued development by industry and state of subsurface systems show an unwillingness to confront the cascading effects that disrupt and damage the many relationships of land and the indigenous generations associated with that land13.

M. D. L. Melo Zurita, “Challenging Sub Terra Nullius”. 1. Luke Henriques-Gomes, “Australia’s Population Forecast to Hit 30 Million by 2029,”. M. D. L. Melo Zurita, “Challenging Sub Terra Nullius”. 1. Max Liboiron, “Waste Colonialism,”. 11 Bruce Pascoe, Dark Emu. 12 Lee Fergusson, “Anthrosols and Technosols: The Anthropogenic Signature of Contaminated Soils and Sediments in Australia,”. 13 Max Liboiron, “Pollution Is Colonialism,” Discard Studies, September 1, 2017, https://discardstudies.com/2017/09/01/pollution-is-colonialism/. 7 8 9

Elaboration

MELBOURNE

Victoria - Post Colonisation (Suburbs & Regions)

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Key Sewerage Mains

Historic Yarra

Sewerage Bains

Historic Wetlands

Ocean

Parks & Reserves

Exisiting Watercourses

Mapping

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Melbourne - Coloniser Points 14 15

Nigel Bertram and Catherine Murphy, In Time with Water : Design Studies of 3 Australian Cities (UWA Publishing, 2019). 98-99. John Pascoe Fawkner, “‘This Grand Object’: Building Towns in Indigenous Space [Melbourne, Port Phillip],” n.d., 20.

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Urban Subsurface a Prosthesis MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Melbourne has a rich history associated with the blind adjudication of its waste outputs; beginning with the colonisation of Melbourne in the early 19th Century, the advent of the Victorian gold rush and the rapid development of industry. As products of our waste outputs surmounted; human fecal matter16, mining sludge17, and industry runoff18 (chemical and animal) wreaked havoc on Melbourne’s subsurface (land and water bodies)19 as well as inhabitants own subsurface (disease and sickness)20. In particular importance to Melbourne the Birrarung (Yarra) River was subject to extensive toxic waste pollution as a result of colonisation, and its course heavily altered due to development of the city21. Yet a solution to Melbourne’s sanitary and waste crisis required extensive deliberation due to social and political reframe in order to constitute a subsurface system that would manage the issue22. Matthew Gandy in his article ‘Cyborg Urbanisation’ asserts that cities are a constitution of a hybrid of machine and organ-

John Lack, “‘Worst Smelbourne’: Melbourne’s Noxious Trades,” in The Outcasts of Melbourne, ed. Graeme Davison, David Dunstan, and Chris McConville, 1st ed. (Routledge, 2020), 172–200, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003118152-9. 17 Peter Davies and Susan Lawrence, Sludge: Disaster on Victoria’s Goldfields (Collingwood, AUSTRALIA: Schwartz Publishing Pty, Limited, 2019), http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/ lib/rmit/detail.action?docID=5841707. 18 John Lack, “‘Dirt and Disease” in The Outcasts of Melbourne, ed. Graeme Davison, David Dunstan, and Chris McConville, 1st ed. (Routledge, 2020), 140–71, https://doi. org/10.4324/9781003118152-9. 19 Nigel Bertram and Catherine Murphy, “In Time with Water: The Swampy Lowlands of Melbourne” Design Studies of 3 Australian Cities (UWA Publishing, 2019), 82-153 20 Graeme Davison, “The Outcasts of Melbourne : Essays in Social History” 21 Kristin Otto, Yarra: The History of Melbourne’s Murky River (Melbourne, AUSTRALIA: The Text Publishing Company, 2011), http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/unimelb/detail. action?docID=794958. 22 John Lack, “‘Dirt and Disease”, 147. 16

Elaboration

ism, where “urban infrastructures can be conceptualized as a series of interconnecting life-support systems”23, a prosthetic extension to the human body24. Despite this, the population is disconnected from the subsurface and the colonial notion that ‘land is a sink’is very much embedded in the mechanistic flows of inhabitants within the urban realms of the city26.

Cyborg Urbanizationmatthew Gandy and Matthew Gandy, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Oxford, UK and Malden, USAIJURInternational Journal of Urban and Regional Research0309-13172005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.March 20052912649 Original Article, n.d. 28. 24 Cyborg Urbanizationmatthew Gandy and Matthew Gandy. 29. 25 The 5 Gyres Institute, Indigenous People Want Plastic Out Of Their Environment!, 2018, https://vimeo.com/262271176. 23

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U LBO

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Key Stormwater Drains Historic Watercourses Existing Watercourses Parks & Reserves

Mapping

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Greater Melbourne - Stormwater

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MELBO

WESTERN TREATMENT PLANT

Key Sewerage Mains

Land Owned by Melbourne Water

Sewerage Bains Ocean Exisiting Watercourses

Mapping

10km

OURNE

EASTERN TREATMENT PLANT Greater Melbourne - Waste Flows

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Confrontation MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Where waste is accumulating in subsurface systems, urban dwellers remain unaware and unconcerned as unconscious participants, yet the subsurface and its flows are vital to existence within the urban fabric28. Therefore the contents of the Museum will house a collection of subsurface infrastructure and its contaminants. In doing so the museum will challenge the sanitary nature of encasement in the typical displays of museums by designing spaces for visitors to confront their unforeseen ancestral and own toxic waste coagulating below the surface, whilst providing a historical lens unto Melbourne’s relationship with the subsurface and the vital importance of its land and principle water body; Birrarung River29. In the typical display of museums, encasement is valued and used to protect assigned worth, yet the experiential is often relegated30. Where historically colonial goals aligned with the value of collection and thus external representation of objects on display, a sort of external reality emerged in the experience of a

28 29 30

Elaboration

Eun H. Lee et al., “A Psychosocial Approach to Understanding Underground Spaces,” Frontiers in Psychology 8 (March 28, 2017), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00452. Kristin Otto, Yarra: The History of Melbourne’s Murky River C. Greig Crysler, “COMPARATIVE ALTERITIES: NATIVE ENCOUNTERS, AND THE NATIONAL MUSEUM,” Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review 18, no. 1 (2006): 36–37.

museum31. In presenting a confrontational approach to the subsurface, its systems and contaminants, the museum will instigate deep and provocative thought unto the consequences of remaining unaware of our subsurface environment. Whilst the museum houses real toxic contaminants as part of its collection, items are safely contained to present the exhibition in controlled scenarios. Therefore aligning the architectural response with with idea of a controlled space to confront and importantly rethink the potential of waste. Much like the figures on the following pages where incorporation of the visitor is essential to the explanation of the subject matter.

Timothy Mitchell, “Egypt at the Exhibition,” in Colonising Egypt, With a New Preface (University of California Press, 1988), 1–33, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1ppbcx.6.101. 31

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Figure 1: Holocaust Museum, Berlin, Daniel Libeskind

Figure 2: River Thames Concept Museum, Didorenko

Position

Figure 3: Richard Wilson - Sump Oil, MONA

Figure 4: Verticle Glass House

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Creative Research MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

In viewing the underground as a site of urban development as opposed to its broader social implication, the formulation of the (sub) terra nullius is presented in the colonial picture32. Yet cities have developed underground sources of infrastructure to ‘hide’ and ‘envelope’ our waste run-off, a prosthesis embedding the human function of the city33. The bipoducts of our waste are merely sent elsewhere, surmounting in land, soil and water-bodies and returning to us through our food, air and water34. A line of thinking that arised from Blank Panther’s ‘Museum Heist’ scene “You’ve got all this security here watching you ever since you walked in, but you aint checking for what you’ve put in your body”35. The following research entails investigations into identifying, understanding and considering modes of representation of subsurface infrastructure and its contaminants.

M. D. L. Melo Zurita, “Challenging Sub Terra Nullius: A Critical Underground Urbanism Project,” 1. Cyborg Urbanizationmatthew Gandy and Matthew Gandy. 28. Lee Fergusson, “Anthrosols and Technosols: The Anthropogenic Signature of Contaminated Soils and Sediments in Australia,”. “Black Panther Museum Heist Scene - Killmonger Introduction - Black Panther (2018) Movie CLIP 4K - YouTube,” accessed August 4, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfBWPhsiN_w. 32 33 34 35

Tasks

Figure 5: Freud Unlimited, 1975

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Task 1A S & XL Stormwater Catch Basin

01 Plan

man hole

02 Section

Tasks

03 Elevation

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Task 1B S Collection_Curatorial Type

Item

Size

Year

Hazardous

Infrastructure

Cesspit

Medium-Large

1840's

Infrastructure

Night-Pans

Small

1850's

Contaminent

E.Coli

Micro

19th Century

Contaminent

Typhoid

Micro

19th Century

Contaminent

Phthisis

Micro

19th Century

Contaminant

Mining Sludge

Medium

19th Century

Contaminent

Chemical Spills, Industry

Small

Contaminent

Run-off from Agriculture, Pesticides, Insectisides, Fertilisers

Small

Contaminent

Animal Waste & Dead Animals

Small - Medium

Tasks

Image Sources

Prov Vic, 2018

Kingston, 2018

Medical Express, 2019

The Conversation, 2017

ABC News, 2015

Outcast of Melbourne, 1985

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Contaminent

Drugs flushed into water supply

Micro - Small

Infrastructure

Iron Pipes

Small

1890's

Infrastructure

Brick Tunnel

Large

1890's

Infrastructure

Stormwater Drain River Edge

Large

1890's

Infrastructure

Sewerage Pipes

Medium

1890's

Infrastructure

Tunnel Shield

Medium

1890's

Infrastructure

Grease Trap

Medium

Infrastructure

Steam Pumping Engine

Large

1890's

Infrastructure

Electric Pumping Engine

Large

1890's

Contaminant

Biocorrosion (Metal, Concrete Eating Bacteria)

Micro

Tasks

Scienceworks, n.d.

ABC News, 2015

Scienceworks, n.d.

Flikr, 2010

Scienceworks, n.d.

SCX, n.d.

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Contaminant

Biocorrosion (Metal, Concrete Eating Bacteria)

Micro

Contaminant

E-Waste

Small-Medium

Infrastructure

Asbestos Sewerage Pipes

Medium

Contaminant

Sewerage & Stormwater Species

Small

Contaminant

Flushed Objects

Small

Contaminant

Fatberg

Medium

Indicator

Sediment Cores

Small

Contaminant

Anthrosols

Small

Contaminant

Polluted River Water

Small

Tasks

utility, 2018

atlasobscura, n.d.

Herald Sun, 2014

Business Insider, 2019

Ice Stories, 2015

Soil Science, 2015

ABC News, 2019

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Contaminant

Spoil

Small

Contaminant

COVID-19

Micro

Tasks

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Pipes

All images sourced are from Total Eden Plumbing Catalogue

Fire Protection

Tasks

Drainage System

Hot & Cold Water

Stormwater Systems

PVC Pressure Pipe

Watermain Pressure Pipe

Industrial Piping

Valves

Poly Pressure Pipe

Electrical

Water Tanks

Pumps

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man hole

Task 1B S Exhibit

transparent casing

Looking Up

Outer Perspectives

With the rising popularity of the museum, countries are seeing rapid expansion of private and public interest museums. Technologies are having a broad impact on the way we engage with galleries, and yet the spectacle of the museum is also coalescing with the advent rise of the star-architect, where form champions function36. In questioning what will matter for museums within the near and distant future; the way we engage and confront artwork will become a curatorial importance in staking a thought provoking impact on the museum visitor. The direct typology of the museum hasn’t changed since that of the 19th century world exhibition’s,

Circling

Projection

where artefacts are instilled in encasements, remaining in a state housed in perfection for colonial relish37.

“What Is the Future of the Museum? | Frieze,” Frieze (blog), accessed August 9, 2020, https://www.frieze.com/article/what-isthe-future-of-the-museum. 37 Timothy Mitchell, “Egypt at the Exhibition,” 6. 36

Tasks

Envelope - Atmosphere

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Task 2A M Precedent

Commercial Civic

Circulation & Organisation Strategies

Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa (MoCAA) in Cape Town, South Africa

“Heatherwick Studio | Design & Architecture | Zeitz MOCAA,” Heatherwick Studio | Design & Architecture, accessed August 26, 2020, http://www.heatherwick.com/project/zeitz-mocaa/. 38

Tasks

Concrete

01. Existing

02. Mass

03. Subtract

Zeitz MoCAA was selected as a precedent analysis as an example of responding to existing infrastructure within the museum typology. The building designed by Heatherwick Studios utilised the existing on site concrete grain silos and grading tower to comprise the programs for the building. Much of the gallery displays are hung from the ceiling giving a floating effect to the works, a gesture to the experience of the floating grain silos as the visitor first experiences the Natural

atrium39.

Display

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Film M Precedent

Film also played a pinnacle role in the preliminary research of this proposal and formulating its concepts. Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (Figure 6) explores a world where memories can be clinically erased, with the film surmating that the unobserved truth of our behaviour and its effects is deemed to repeat should it go on without a lens of critical thought. Bladerunner 2049 (Figure 8) presents a dystopian look at a future bleak where environmental catastrophe has relegated the human population to survive only within the confounds of the city. The music video by FOALS: Exits (Figure 7) also paints a world in which urban dwellers are relegated to living underground.

Tasks

Figure 6: Enternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind

Figure 7: FOALS: EXITS Music Video

Figure 8: Bladerunner 2049

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Material MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Mesh, Leading New Fence.com

Concrete, ArchDaily.com

Metal, ArchDaily.com

Tasks

Rammed Earth, ArchDaily.com

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maxim cuius est solum, eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos (‘whoever owns the soil owns also up to the heavens and down to the centre of the earth’)39

39 40

M. D. L. Melo Zurita, “Challenging Sub Terra Nullius” Hammoud Mounib et al., “CTBUH 2018 Conference Special : Polycentric Cities: The Future of Vertical Urbanism,” CTBUH Journal, no. 4 (2018): 44.

Concept Design

Concept Design MUSEUM of (Subsurface) Infrastructure & Contaminants MoSIC

The Flinders St, St Kilda Road intersection represents a prominant departure points as the specactle image of Melbourne and its foundation as an alpha city on the global stage. Yet Melbourne and its urban dwellers are unaware of the subsurface and the historical trace that accounted for this prominant image of Melbourne. With the advocation of the new Metro Tunnel infrastructure the Museum situates itself on an demolised site corner flinders st and swanston st acting as the entrance to the subsurface. Connected to the museum the site branches under the cities critical infrastructure with the museums language following a poly-centric40 narrative bringing visibility to the subsurface system as an infinite network by spreading out across the city of melbourne. The museum will then converge on the site of the a Princess Bridge Drain at the rivers edge. A wharf that enters the subsurface of the river culminating the exploration of contaminants through infrastructure

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Program MUSEUM of (Subsurface) TOXICITY & POLLUTION

Program

Site

Response

Requirements

Museum Entrance

Building Facade, Plan

Clear articulation of museum entrance

Ticket Desk

Information desk, office

Administration of museum access and layout

Gallery Entrance

Circulation

Stair & disability lift access

Public Space

Atrium

Dwelling space for attendees

Educational Spaces

Workshop Spaces

Rethinking interaction with waste

Early Settlement Infrastructure

Human Waste

Cesspits, nightpans, disease; waste fill of the subsurface

Subsurface Discovery of Gold

Mining shaft, sludge run off

Mining sludge engulfs environment

Settlement of Industry

1,3

Industry waste products run-off

Confrontation of chemical & animal waste product contamination

Sanitary Infrastructure Reform

Interaction with infrastructure

Storm & sewerage infrastructure and its contaminants

Convergence of Contaminants - River

Descent into river subsurface

Viewing of river, confrontation with impact of course change

Publice:

Gallery Spaces:

Services: Amenities

M, F, disabled; accordance with BCA

Hydraulic

Water, sewerage pipes

Mechanical

Allowance for climate control, planter on roof, lifts

Electrical

Allowance for electrical services

Offices

Offices for museum staff

Security

Security and control room

Workshop

Staff training space

Staff Amenities

Staff kitchen, bathroom and social space

Private:

Concept Design

ston

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Typology High Tech Architecture MUSEUM of (Subsurface) TOXICITY & POLLUTION; MoSTP

Matthew Gandy in his article ‘Cyborg Urbanisation’ asserts that cities are a constitution of a hybrid of machine and organism, where “urban infrastructures can be conceptualized as a series of interconnecting life-support systems”41, a prosthetic extension to the human body42. Taking influence from high tech architecture precedents such as the Lloyd Building, London and the Pompidou Centre, Paris the building acknowledges itself as a living system. Revealing the inferences of subsurface systems often relegated to the hidden.

Cyborg Urbanizationmatthew Gandy and Matthew Gandy, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Oxford, UK and Malden, USAIJURInternational Journal of Urban and Regional Research0309-13172005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.March 20052912649 Original Article, n.d. 28. 42 Cyborg Urbanizationmatthew Gandy and Matthew Gandy. 29. 41

Figure 9: Lloyd Building, London

Figure 10: Pompidou, Paris

Melbourne Infrastructure Sanitary Infrastructure MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

A solution to Melbourne’s sanitary and waste crisis required extensive deliberation due to social and political reframe in order to constitute a subsurface system that would manage the issue43. The systems and their components vary in material composition from iron, brick and concrete. The infrastructure holds many different interesting components that serve as precedents of information to incorporate within the architectural response of the proposed museum.

Graeme Davison, “The Outcasts of Melbourne : Essays in Social History”

Concept Design

Figure 11, 12, 13 Melbourne Sanitary Reform

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Figure 14; Spotswood Pumping Station

Concept Design

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Melbourne Infrastructure Abandoned Stormwater Systems MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Melbourne has more than 1,500km of underground tunnels under its streets, complex storm water drains cited as “one of the most elaborate in the world”44. The siting approach of the polycentric site 02 galleries seeks to engage with the diversity of these hidden networks revealing and exhibiting the claustraphobic conditions and their inhabitants.

Darmon Richter, “Exploring the Storm Drains of Melbourne, a Secret Labyrinth of Tunnels and Creepy-Crawlies,” Atlas Obscura, 39:00 400AD, http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/ exploring-the-storm-drains-of-melbourne-a-secret-labyrinth-of-tunnels-and-creepy-crawlies. 44

Concept Design

Figures; 15, 16, 17 Melbournes Underground Stormdrains

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01 Site sits on recently demolished for land used for metro tunnell construction

02 Museum typology provides architectural response to the unobserved subsurface

Concept Design

03 Polycentric galleries allow exploration and confrontation with subsurface workings and history

04 Convergence on River Edge, (Subsurface Observatory) highlights the problematic notion of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC; land as a sinkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

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Site 01 Main Building MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Expressing the embedded colonial notion of ‘land is a sink’ a large circular void in the buildings main events and circulation space represents the removal and extract of land to erect the built form.

Concept Design

Site Size: 520m2

Metro Infrastructure Transfer Tunnel

Parti Scheme for Site 01

Site 01 Main Building MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Cloakng

Offices

Cloakng

Private Public

Urban

Entrance

Educational

Galleries

Administration

Subsurface

Circulation

Attrium

Cloakng

Galleries

Concept Design

Anareobic Digestor

Galleries

Site 01 - Section Parti

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Site 02 Subsurface Galleries MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

The contained and encased language of the typical museum blocks the impactful potential of the lived experience. Didactic in its approach the proposal serves as a direct connection to the subsurface to house exhibition pieces as well as provide an architectural language of the below. Recoginising the infrastructure as a seemingly infinite network of complex information and waste flow.

M. D. L. Melo Zurita, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Challenging Sub Terra Nulliusâ&#x20AC;?

Concept Design

Site 01

(Subsurface) Galleries

Manhole, Entrance to the Subsurface

Exit via t es S

rav Deg ass

erp Und Flinders St Station

Parti Scheme for Site 02

Metro Infrastructure Transfer Tunnel

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Parti Section for Site 02 Parasite

Concept Design

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Site 03 Rivers Edge, Subsurface Observatory MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

With the cementing of Melbourne on the global stage as an alpha city, noxious trades had well established themselves along the banks of the yarra river, run-off from industry decimated the once drinkable and swimmable conditions of the water46. The Parti concept introduces the river edge colonial settlements forms juxtaposed with an extension of the prosthesis, protruding out from the site of the historic princess bridge drain and submerging underwater in the architectural representation of a mechanical lift. A visible lens to the subsurface.

46 47

Graeme Davison, “The Outcasts of Melbourne : Essays in Social History” M. D. L. Melo Zurita, “Challenging Sub Terra Nullius” 4.

Concept Design

St K ilda Rd

Historic Princess Bridge Drain Location

Parti Scheme for Site 03

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Concept Model _ Massing of Site 03

Concept Design

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Concept Model _ Massing of Subsurface Infrastructure Infrastructure Information Sourced from Dial Before You Dig

Concept Design

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imagining infrastructure as civic... â&#x20AC;&#x153;infrastructural urbanism offers a new model for practice and a renewed sense of architectures potential to structure the future of the cityâ&#x20AC;?. ~ stan allen48

Sketch Design

Stan Allen, Points and Lines: Diagrams and Projects for the City (Princeton Architectural Press, 1999). 52

Sketch Design MUSEUM of (Subsurface) Infrastructure & Contaminants MoSIC

i. entry

ii. run-off

iii. sink

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Metro Tunnel Development Site Context MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

The Melbourne Metro Tunnel project runs under Swanston St towards north of the Melbourne CBD. Site 01 of the proposal is located upon a demolished block which was escavated to establish the projects requirements, and upon completion seeks to be turned over for private use; including the redevelopment of fast food conglomerates, eateries, and private offices.

Sketch Design

Proposed Site 01

Figure 17, 18 Metro Tunnel Development

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Anaerobic Digestor Waste is Potential MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Currently we could fill the Eureka Tower nine times per year with food waste going to landfill from greater Melbourne49. When food is sent to landfill its valuable nutrients and energy are lost. According to Finding Infinity around 150 digestors throughout the city of Melboure processing 10 tonnes of food waste per day would process all of Melbourne’s electricity needs50. The project seeks to engage with the notion that waste holds value by installing one of these cybernetic stomaches into the entry conditions of the building and attaching into the adjacent food complex development. Therefore powering the museum’s energy needs with returns to the grid.

49 50

Sketch Design

“New Normal - Organic Waste to Energy,” Finding Infinity n.d. “New Normal - Organic Waste to Energy,” Finding Infinity n.d.

Figure 19 (Coppenhagen Digestor), 20 (Disney Land Florida Digestor), 21 (Brick Digestor)

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Iterations - Site 01 - Wk7 Entry MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Wk_7 Entry Ground Floor Plan

Sketch Design

Offices

Galleries

Education

Galleries

Attrium + Circulation

Galleries

Education

Digestor Entrance

Galleries

Wk_7 Entry Section

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Iterations - Site 01 - Wk8 Entry MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Digestor

Central Circulation

Ammenities Lift Tickets Fire Stairs

Wk_8 Entry Ground Floor Plan

Sketch Design

Wk_8 Entry South Elevation

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Iterations - Site 01 - Wk9 Entry MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Wk_9 Entry Section

Sketch Design

Wk_9 Entry South Elevation

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Iterations - Site 02 - Wk8 Run-Off MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Central Circulation

Metro Tunnel Underpass

Ammenities

Urban Edge Display

Wk_8 Subsurface Floor Plan

Sketch Design

Depth (n) 7. an unfathomable abyss https://scenariojournal.com/article/the-performative-ground/

Wk_8 Section

DIG

Iterations - Site 02 - Wk9 Run-Off MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Stairs and Lift Access

Stormwater Drain

Contaminant Galleries

Exit to Site 03

Wk_9 Subsurface Plan View

Sketch Design

Digital Billboard

Rainwater Tank

Office

Pipe Galleries

Office Workshop

Entry Digestor Contaminant Galleries

Subsurface Infrastructure Galleries

Wk_9 Subsurface Section

DIG

Iterations - Site 03 - Wk7 Sink MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Wk_7 Sink Plan

Sketch Design

Wk_7 Sink Elevation

DIG

Iterations - Site 03 - Wk9 Sink MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

River Waste Interceptor

Wk_9 Sink Waste Interceptor

Sketch Design

Site 03 - River Waste

Wk_9 Sink Perspective Section

DIG

Sketch Design MUSEUM of (Subsurface) Infrastructure & Contaminants MoSIC

Task 1B Atmosphere Diagram

n St nsto Swa

s St

e rav Deg

s St

der

Flin

2 rs nde

Fli

Master Plan, City of Melbourne Sketch Design

tati

St S

s St

der

Flin

ilda

St K

qua

on S

ati der

Roa d

DIG

Scheme // Isonometric Sketch Design

DIG

Site 01 Entry Building as a System MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Entry to the museum and thus entry to the subsurface depicts the inner workings of a building as a system. The components and fabrics are seemingly revealed, peeled back and tectonically layered to reveal an architecture that showcases the output and movement of human waste in a system that is processing that waste.

Sketch Design

+ + = +

i. urban in a system

DIG

Fli

ers

01 Access

Sketch Design

Fli

02 G

Watertank Vertical Circulation Digestor Pipes

Fli St

Grid

ers

03 Parti

101

DIG

Proposed Development

Site 01 // South Elevation Sketch Design

Young and Jackson

0 103

DIG

Site 01 // Ground Floor Plan Sketch Design

1 Entry 2 Ticket Desk 3 Digestor

4 Lift & Stair Circulation 5 Ammenities

5m 105

DIG

Site 01 // Section, Isonometric Sketch Design

1 Entry 2 Digestor 3 Stairs & Lift

4 5,6 7

Pipe Galleries Offices Rainwater Colllection Tank

Subsurface Infrastructure Galleries

0 107

DIG

Site 01 // Atmosphere Sketch Design

109

DIG

Site 02 Run-Off Bury & Hide MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Following the narrative of building as a system the museum reveals the subsurface infrastructure, its workings and its contaminants through a long tunnel that converges at the yarra river edge. Tectonically expressed by the language of tunneling and pipe infrastructure, movement is direct serving to understand why we move in the underground. Yet further develops this predisposition by confronting visitors with the subsurface as a place to â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;bury and hideâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; revealing the contaminants which interchange in the main gallery space.

Sketch Design

= +

ii. why do we go under?45

111

DIG

102

Site 02 // B1 Sketch Design

Visitor Circulation Staff Circulation

101

Stairs and Lift Access

Metro Transfer Tunnel

Stormwater Drain

Contaminant Gallery

Exit

Site 03 0

25 113

DIG

Ent

Site 02 // B2 Sketch Design

Visitor Circulation Staff Circulation

try

Contaminant Gallery

xit

Site 03 0

25 115

DIG

Steel Framing

Rammed Earth

Sink Contaminant Gallery

Site 02 // Plan Sketch Design

Precast Concrete

Entry

Subsurface Infrastructure Gallery

25 117

DIG

Subsurface Infras

Depth (n) 7. an unfathomable abyss51 51 “The Performative Ground: Rediscovering The Deep Section,” Scenario Journal (blog), March 24, 2012, https://scenariojournal.com/article/the-performative-ground/.

Site 02 // Section Sketch Design

Metro Tunnel Connection

structure Gallery

5m 119

DIG

Site 02 // Contaminant Gallery Atmosphere Sketch Design

121

DIG

Site 03 Sink Waterbodies MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

As with most urban dwellers, we are disconnected from the subsurface and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s layered strata. Our subsurface systems and their contaminants bury and hide the residue yet we are disconnected from their eventual decay into land, soil and waterbodies. The journey of the museum converges at the rivers edge. A waste interceptor wharf which collects waste from the rivers waterway. This is exagerated by the large observatory lift which pierces into the waterbodies subsurface revealing the live congealing mass of urban residue coagulating below the surface.

Sketch Design

iii. placing a stent into what wants to be closed

123

DIG

01 Paralell

Sketch Design

02 Submerge

125

DIG

115

Site 03 // Section

Sketch Design

127

DIG

Site 03 // Section

Sketch Design

129

DIG

Site 03 // Atmosphere

Sketch Design

131

DIG

“Imagine grabbing Manhattan by the Empire State Building and pulling the entire island up by its roots. Imagine shaking it. Imagine millions of wires and hundreds of thousands of cables freeing themselves from the great hunks of rock and tons of musty and polluted dirt. Imagine a sewer system and a set of water lines three times as long as the Hudson River. Picture mysterious little vaults just beneath the crust of the sidewalk, a sweaty grid of steam pipes 103 miles long, a turn-of the-eighteenth-century merchant ship bureau under Front Street, rusty old gas lines that could be wrapped twenty-three times around Manhattan, and huge bombproof concrete tubes that descend almost eighty storeys into the ground.” – Introduction to “Underneath New York”51

Refined Thesis

Harry Granick, Underneath New York (Fordham University Press, 1991).

Refined Design Iterations MUSEUM of (Subsurface) Infrastructure & Contaminants MoSIC

133

DIG

Iterations Wk10 MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

New Metro Transfer Tunnel

Flinders St

key

Swanston St

site plan Refined Design

exagerating the ground plane.

a. entry

b. subsurface

c. sink

135

DIG

Iterations Wk10 MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Sink

Yarra River

Refined Design

Subsu

exagerating the ground plane.

urface

Entry

Flinders St

137

DIG

Iterations Wk11 MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

New Metro Transfer Tunnel

Flinders St

key

Building Footings & Services Pipes

Building Footings & Metro Infrastructure

Swanston St

Rail Infrastructure & Strata

Exit & Swanston St Stormwater Drain

site plan Refined Design

situations.

Developing on from feedback of the sketch design phase I sought to make the river wharf more gestural in its appearenace and reflective of its context. Ques from the Flinders Walk steps and adjacent architecture influence the dramatic curves to inform a roof design that would harness rainwater collection for pedestian access to drinking water.

139

DIG

Iterations Wk11 MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Sink

Yarra River

Refined Design

Sub

situations.

bsurface

Entry

Flinders St

141

DIG

Iterations Wk12 MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Refined Design

responding to complexity.

a. entry

b. subsurface

c. sink

143

DIG

Iterations Wk12 MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Sink

Yarra River

Refined Design

Sub

responding to complexity.

bsurface

Entry

Flinders St

145

DIG

Iterations Wk12 MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

By the close of Week 12 it was clear the strength of the project felt short at the digestor building with the shape being hidden behind the facade and thus disguised from the street. A move which was inhibiting a strong guise of the project. Therefore before entering into the final swotvac phase I utilised some time to develop the strengths of the first project and gesturally seek to express the living elements of the building so that they would become more apparent agains the backdrop of the Melbourne skyline.

Refined Design

Hand Sketch - Digestor Facade Re-Design

gesture.

Hand Sketch - Digestor Section Re-Design 147

DIG

The final refined thesis proposal seeks to integrate the extrapolation of research and spatial ideas into a museum that will act as a surgical incision along the landscape of Melbourne’s iconic Flinders St. In doing so the museum confronts visitors with both their ancestorial and own toxic waste coagulating below the surface. Providing ‘windows’ and or ‘situations’ that frame the complexity of the urban subsurface in order for visitors to be able to view these conditions. Therefore, the colonial notion that divulges museums as a container of collection is rather transformed into a ‘surgical stent’ that seeks to act as the architectural container for confrontation, and viewership that is ‘in-place’ as opposed to the typical museum where collections are either removed or replicated from their place of origin. Within the bold challenge of the museum typology there propelled a duality of purpose. One where we may consider the museum and potentially broader infrastructure of the urban as civic52. If there exists this rapidly populating urban, one that serves as a growing function of all human activity (a prothesis as exampled by Matthew Gandy53) then there must exist potential to confront, and repair our damaged relationship to land, and thus rethink the potential of our built environment’s waste outputs. This is why the entry to the building sought to serve a binary purpose in both access to the sub surface’s galleries and as a producer of energy through renewable means. With the entry experience of the ‘organ’ as an anaerobic digestor, coupled with an algae glazed façade system, there the building stands out as an exemplar of renegotiating waste and its inherent value. The building itself gestures Melbourne’s iconic domes and cathedral spires along its skyline, revealing and concealing the digestor as a reminder of our urban activity. Whilst at the other end of the proposals spectrum a contrasting division in the form of a river-side wharf. A waste interceptor collecting waste from the Yarra River and harvesting rain-water for passer-by access. Front and center to the design is a large subsurface lift that penetrates the waters surface and allows museum visitors to see the river and its contaminates from below. Cumulating a rich narrative history of European settlements devastating affects on the river which resulted in currents, body and flows being heavily altered.

52 53

Stan Allen, Points and Lines: Diagrams and Projects for the City (Princeton Architectural Press, 1999). 52 Cyborg Urbanizationmatthew Gandy and Matthew Gandy. 29.

Refined Thesis

Refined Design Proposal MUSEUM of (Subsurface) Infrastructure & Contaminants MoSIC

149

DIG

M e lbo

MoS

ourne

SIC

S C H

Refined Thesis

E M E

153

DIG

S I T E

Proposed Development

Flinders St

Birrarung Marr (Yarra River)

Refined Thesis

a. digestor

P L A N

Swanston St

b. subsurface

i. urban & waste infrastructure

New Metro Transfer Tunnel

ii. abyss

iii. service pipes complexity

iv. footings & metro infrasturcture St Kilda Rd

v. strata contaminated soil rubbish

vi. urban edge stormwater run-off

exit to Flinders Walk and sink

20m

c. the sink

155

DIG

Refined Thesis

strata contaminants

urban edge stormwater run-off

vi.

lift and stiarwell to flinders walk

the sink (waste interceptor and subsurface lift)

Birrarung Marr & footings

metro infrastructure

iv.

Subsurface gallery circulation tunnel

O V E R

ii.

(the stomach)

the digestor

the subsurface (ungerground galleries)

urban & waste infrastructure

new metro transfear tunnel

the abyss

iii. service pipes complexity

Flinders St E

R A L L

20m

157

DIG

S P E C T

Refined Thesis

T A C L E

159

DIG

a. t he d

Refined Thesis

di g es t or

161

DIG

D I G E

Refined Thesis

S T O R

163

DIG

L O G

i. urban in

Fli

ers

01 Access

02 C

G I C

+ + = +

n a system

Watertank

Vertical Circulation Digestor

Civic

03 Conceal & Reveal

Pipes

171

1 6 9

G r o u n d

P l a n

Entry

Ti c k e t F o y e r

Digestor

Escalator to Subsurface

Bathrooms

Lift Core

Subsurface Gallery Entrance

Service Pipes

Escalator to Ground Floor

Digestor Support

Comms

Lift Core

B a s e m e n t

Refined Thesis

S u b s u r f a c e

E n t r y

1 1

O f f i c e & Wo r k s h o p S p a c e

Digestor

Digestor Plant Equipment

Storage & Services

Lift Core

Te r r a c e ( R i v e r Vi e w )

Digestor

Digestor Plant Equipment

Storage & Services

Lift Core

Digestor

R a i n Wa t e r C o l l e c t i o n Ta n k

W o r k s h o p

T y p i c a l

F l o o r

R o o f 0

167

DIG

E N T

Refined Thesis

T R Y

169

DIG

D I G E

Refined Thesis

S T O R

171

DIG

b . t h e su b

Refined Thesis

b s u rf ace

173

DIG

S U B S U

Refined Thesis

R F A C E

175

DIG

L O G

= +

ii. why do we g

01 Urban Context

Refined Thesis

02 Surgica

G I C

= +

A R Urban & Waste Infrastructure

an Unfathomable Abyss

Pipes, Complexity

Urban Edge, Stormwater Connection

Metro Infrastructure & Footings

03 Placing Stents within the Subsurface D

al Incision

go under?45

177

DIG

S U B S U R F A C E

G A L L E R I E S

S U B S U R F A C E

// new metro transfer tunnel

1 8 7

1 8 9

1 9 1

// composite concrete casing

L P

1 9 3

L P

2 1

// lift and stair access to flinders walk 1

Subsurface Gallery Entrance

U r b a n a n d Wa s t e I n f r a s t r u c t u r e G a l l e r y , C o n n e c t i n g T u n n e l

Escalator to B2 Galleries

Escalator to Flinders St Station

Lift to B2 Galleries and Flinders St Station

Refined Thesis

Lift and Escalator to B Galleries & Flinders St Station

Service Pipes and Complexity Situation

Metro Infrastructure and Footings Situation

Lift and Escalator to B3 Galleries

G A L L E R I E S

B 2

S U B S U R F A C E

G A L L E R I E S

B 3 2

185

A L

1 9 5

1 9 7

// lift and stair access to flinders walk

// lift and stair access to flinders walk 1

Lift and Escalator to B2 Galleries

Contaminated Soil & Strata Situation

Edge of Stormwater Run-off Situation

L i f t a n d S t a i r a c c c e s s t o F l i n d e r s Wa l k

179

DIG

S I T U A T

// Connecting Lift

i. URBAN IFRASTRUCTURE STORMDRAINS, SEWERAGE NETWORK, GASLINE & FIBREOPTIC

ii. ABYSS depth (n) an unfathomable abyss 52

Refined Thesis

// CIRCULATION TUNNEL LOST & or FORGOTTEN SYSTEMS RESIDING WITHIN THE SUBSURFACE

iii. PIPES / COMPLEXITY

LOST & or FORGOTTEN SYSTEMS RESIDING WITHIN THE SUBSURFAC

“The Performative Ground: Rediscovering The Deep Section,” Scenario Journal (blog), March 24, 2012, https://scen

T I O N S

iv. FOOTINGS FOUNDATION of THE URBAN

v. SPOIL TOXIC SOIL, DECOMPOSITION; BI-PRODUCTS of THE URBAN

v i . E D G E / / S TO R M WAT E R C O N N E C T I O N INTERCEPTNG THE URBANS RUN-OFF

nariojournal.com/article/the-performative-ground/.

181

DIG

T U N

Refined Thesis

N E L

183

DIG

M A T E R I A

Composite Concrete Enclosure

Steel Black Circular Frame

3320

Rammed Granite Surface

Circulation Tunnel

Grated Steel Floor Lining

Flowing Water Channel

Refined Thesis

L O G I C

Concrete Waffle Grid Surface

Service Pipe Gallery

Glass Balustrade

A L

0.5

185

DIG

U R B A N

Refined Thesis

I N F R

A S T R U C T U R E

187

DIG

A B Y

depth (n) an unfat

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Performative Ground: Rediscovering The Deep Section,â&#x20AC;? Scenario Journal (blog), March 24, 2012, https://scenariojournal.com/article/the-performative-ground/.

Refined Thesis

Y S S

thomable abyss 55

189

DIG

P I P

Refined Thesis

P E S

191

DIG

M E T R O

Refined Thesis

I N F R A S T R U C

F O O T I N G S

C T U R E

193

DIG

S P O

Refined Thesis

O I L

195

DIG

E D

Refined Thesis

G E

197

DIG

c . t he

Refined Thesis

e sink

199

DIG

S I

Refined Thesis

N K

201

DIG

L O G

iii. placing a stent into w

01 Parralell

Refined Thesis

02 Int

G I C

A Waste Interceptor

Water Collection

Subsurface Lift

03 Submerge

tersept

what wants to be closed

203

DIG

S I

207

Refined Thesis

R a i n Wa t e r Ta p

Wa s t e C o l l e c t i o n

River Lift Entry

River Lift

River Lift Exit

Wa s t e I n t e r c e p t o r

N K

Flinders Walk

205

DIG

S I

Refined Thesis

N K

205

rain water tank

207

DIG

C O N T

Refined Thesis

T E X T

209

DIG

S I

Refined Thesis

N K

211

DIG

References MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Allen, Stan. Points and Lines: Diagrams and Projects for the City. Princeton Architectural Press, 1999. Bertram, Nigel, and Catherine Murphy. In Time with Water : Design Studies of 3 Australian Cities. UWA Publishing, 2019. “Black Panther Museum Heist Scene - Killmonger Introduction - Black Panther (2018) Movie CLIP 4K YouTube.” Accessed August 4, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfBWPhsiN_w. “Brown Flows the Yarra; Writers’ Festival Special - HISTORY: [First Edition] - ProQuest.” Accessed August 21, 2020. https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.lib.rmit.edu.au/docview/363804597?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/ sid:primo&accountid=13552. Crysler, C. Greig. “COMPARATIVE ALTERITIES: NATIVE ENCOUNTERS, AND THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.” Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review 18, no. 1 (2006): 36–37. Davies, Peter, and Susan Lawrence. Sludge: Disaster on Victoria’s Goldfields. Collingwood, AUSTRALIA: Schwartz Publishing Pty, Limited, 2019. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rmit/detail.action?docID=5841707. Davison, Graeme, David Dunstan, and Chris McConville. The Outcasts of Melbourne : Essays in Social History. Allen & Unwin, 1985. Fawkner, John Pascoe. “‘This Grand Object’: Building Towns in Indigenous Space [Melbourne, Port Phillip],” n.d., 20. Fergusson, Lee. “Anthrosols and Technosols: The Anthropogenic Signature of Contaminated Soils and Sediments in Australia.” Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 228, no. 8 (July 9, 2017): 269. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11270-017-3460-z. Frieze. “What Is the Future of the Museum? | Frieze.” Accessed August 9, 2020. https://www.frieze.com/ article/what-is-the-future-of-the-museum. Gandy, Cyborg Urbanizationmatthew, and Matthew Gandy. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Oxford, UK and Malden, USAIJURInternational Journal of Urban and Regional Research0309-13172005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. March 20052912649 Original Article, n.d. Hammoud Mounib, Baker William, Scheeren Ole, Parakh James, Hean Cheong Koon, Lochhead Helen, Murray Peter, et al. “CTBUH 2018 Conference Special : Polycentric Cities: The Future of Vertical Urbanism.” CTBUH Journal, no. 4 (2018): 44. Harding, Ross. “New Normal - Organic Waste to Energy,” Finding Infinity n.d. Heatherwick Studio | Design & Architecture. “Heatherwick Studio | Design & Architecture | Zeitz MOCAA.” Accessed August 26, 2020. http://www.heatherwick.com/project/zeitz-mocaa/. Henriques-Gomes, Luke. “Australia’s Population Forecast to Hit 30 Million by 2029.” The Guardian, November 22, 2018, sec. Australia news. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/nov/22/australias-population-forecast-to-hit-30-million-by-2029. Institute, The 5 Gyres. Indigenous People Want Plastic Out Of Their Environment!, 2018. https://vimeo. com/262271176.

References

Lack, John. “‘Worst Smelbourne’: Melbourne’s Noxious Trades.” In The Outcasts of Melbourne, edited by Graeme Davison, David Dunstan, and Chris McConville, 1st ed., 172–200. Routledge, 2020. https://doi. org/10.4324/9781003118152-9. Lee, Eun H., George I. Christopoulos, Kian W. Kwok, Adam C. Roberts, and Chee-Kiong Soh. “A Psychosocial Approach to Understanding Underground Spaces.” Frontiers in Psychology 8 (March 28, 2017). https://doi. org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00452. Liboiron, Max. “Pollution Is Colonialism.” Discard Studies, September 1, 2017. https://discardstudies. com/2017/09/01/pollution-is-colonialism/. ———. “Waste Colonialism.” Discard Studies, November 1, 2018. https://discardstudies.com/2018/11/01/ waste-colonialism/. Lintern, Anna Mariko. “Using Sediment Cores to Reconstruct Historical Pollution Records: Digging up the Yarra’s Dirty Past.” Thesis, Monash University, 2017. https://doi.org/10.4225/03/58b79e48ac230. Mate, Geraldine. “Sludge: Disaster on Victoria’s Goldfields.” Australian Historical Studies 51, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 234–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/1031461X.2020.1746990. Matthew Gandy - Cyborg Urbanisation. Accessed August 9, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5xBeCVBCOA. “Melbourne’s Water Story | Settlement along the Yarra River.” Accessed August 4, 2020. http://www.waterstory.melbournewater.com.au/content/our-sewerage-story/settlement-along-the-yarra-river. Melo Zurita, M. D. L. “Challenging Sub Terra Nullius: A Critical Underground Urbanism Project,” 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2020.1723829. Mitchell, Timothy. “Egypt at the Exhibition.” In Colonising Egypt, 1–33. With a New Preface. University of California Press, 1988. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1ppbcx.6. “Night Soil | Kingston Local History.” Accessed August 20, 2020. https://localhistory.kingston.vic.gov.au/ articles/30. Otto, Kristin. Yarra: The History of Melbourne’s Murky River. Melbourne, AUSTRALIA: The Text Publishing Company, 2011. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/unimelb/detail.action?docID=794958. Pascoe, Bruce. Dark Emu : Aboriginal Australia and the Birth of Agriculture. New edition. Magabala Books, 2018. Richter, Darmon. “Exploring the Storm Drains of Melbourne, a Secret Labyrinth of Tunnels and Creepy-Crawlies.” Atlas Obscura, 39:00 400AD. http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/exploring-the-stormdrains-of-melbourne-a-secret-labyrinth-of-tunnels-and-creepy-crawlies. Scenario Journal. “The Performative Ground: Rediscovering The Deep Section,” March 24, 2012. https:// scenariojournal.com/article/the-performative-ground/.

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Image References MUSEUM of (Subsurface) INFRASTRUCTURE & CONTAMINANTS MoSIC

Figure 1: “Holocaust Museum, Daniel Libeskind” accessed August 26, 2020, https://images.adsttc.com/media/ images/55f0/89dd/e58e/ce9c/4e00/0008/large_jpg/copyright_laurian_ghinitoiu_(14_of_20).jpg?1441827288. Figure 2: “Didorenko” accessed August 26, 2020, https://www.contractdesign.com/wp-content/uploads/ Thames1.png. Figure 3: “Sump Oil, Richard WIlson” Accessed August 16, 2020. https://d1gn9jfso7kpav.cloudfront.net/ wp-content/uploads/2019/03/02-Installation-view-of-Richard-Wilson.jpg. Figure 4: “Verticle Glass House / Atelier FCJZ”Accessed September 08, 2020, https://www.plataformaarquitectura.cl/cl/02-333375/vertical-glass-house-atelier-fcjz/52e66bb4e8e44e081d0001dd-vertical-glass-house-atelier-fcjz-image Figure 5; “Freud Unlimited, 1975” Accessed August 13, 2020. http://socks-studio.com/img/blog/vriesendorp-03.jpg. Figure 6; “Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind” accessed August 26, 2020, https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic. com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcQDfLIRw-Ty925EQRYw_2sIF4Rk4nSzKdLjJQ&usqp=CAU. Figure 7; “FOALS: Exits (Music Video)” accessed September 20th, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=V6YMCjpfH0c Figure 8; “Blade-Runner-20491.Jpg (1600×800),” accessed August 26, 2020, https://pmcdeadline2.files. wordpress.com/2017/10/blade-runner-20491.jpg. Figure 9; “Lloyd’s of London Building / Richard Rogers” accessed September 11, 2020, https://www.archdaily. com/90668/ad-classics-lloyds-of-london-building-richard-rogers Figure 10; “Pompidou Centre – Architectural Elevation” accessed September 11, 2020, https://osramd. wordpress.com/2012/07/31/pompidou-centre-architectural-elevation/ Figure 11, 12, 13; “Melbourne Sanitary Reform”accessed September 11, 2020, https://museumsvictoria.com. au/scienceworks/resources/pumping-station/

References

Figure 14; “Spotswood Pumping Station Plan Drawings” accessed Septher 20, 2020, https://museumsvictoria. com.au/scienceworks/resources/pumping-station/#:~:text=The%20Spotswood%20Pumping%20Station%20 was,of%20the%20Melbourne%20Sewerage%20Scheme.&text=For%20almost%2070%20years%20 from,the%20treatment%20works%20at%20Werribee. Figure 14, 15, 16; “Melbournes Underground Stormdrains” access September 11, 2020, http://www. atlasobscura.com/articles/exploring-the-storm-drains-of-melbourne-a-secret-labyrinth-of-tunnels-and-creepycrawlies Figure 17, 18; “Melbourne Metro Rail Tunnel” accessed October 1, 2020 https://raildocs.wongm.com/ melbourne-metro-rail-tunnel/ Figure 19, 20, 21; “New Normal - Organic Waste to Energy,” Finding Infinity n.d.

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