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“SiteSaver is one of the safest and most resilient drill pad liners I have ever worked with.” JOE MURRAY COMPANY MAN GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING SERVICES
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PAGE 4 A LOOK AHEAD AT OUR UPCOMING EDITORIAL AND CONFERENCE SCHEDULES
TENNESSEE
KENTUCKY
JUNE 5-7, 2013 ~ MEMPHIS, TN
TENNESSEE GAS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING
EDITORIAL FOCUS / CONFERENCE
JUNE 18-20, 2013 ~ COVINGTON, KY
July
KOGA’S ANNUAL MEETING
HSE WV Oil & Gas Equipment New Technology PIOGA Eastern Oil & Gas
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August
NEW YORK
September
JUNE 26-27, 2013 ~ FINDLEY LAKE, NY
VIRGINIA
JUNE 26-28, 2013 ~ VIRGINIA BEACH, VA
Proppants YOUNG / Shale Insight
IOGA OF NY ANNUAL SUMMER MEETING
VA OIL & GAS ASSOCIATION SUMMER MEETING
October
More Water WV Oil and Gas Expo
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November
Environment DUG East
WEST VIRGINIA
OHIO
December
AUGUST 4-6, 2013 ~ WHITE SULPHER SPRINGS, WV
AUGUST 5-6, 2013 ~ ZANESVILLE, OH
Cold Weather OOGA Oilfield Expo
IOGA WV SUMMER MEETING
OOGA SUMMER MEETING
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WEST VIRGINIA
ILLINOIS
SEPTEMBER 9-12, 2013 ~ WHEELING, WV
NOVEMBER 1, 2013 ~ TBD
WVONGA ANNUAL MEETING
IOGA FALL MEETING
WWW.WVONGA.COM
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ARTICLES FOCUS; COMPLETIONS STRATAGIES - A Complex Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6, 7 FOCUS; COMPLETIONS STRATAGIES - Packers Plus Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10, 11 FOCUS; COMPLETIONS STRATAGIES - Fresh Water vs. Recycled Brine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22, 23 Cultural Resource Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Safety On The Job - Can’t Touch This - Skin Exposures . . .16, 17
CALENDARS Association Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Job Fairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Networking Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Other Industry Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Training and Workshops Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Upcoming Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 & 18
EVENTS Elite Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Marcellus Meet Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 NAPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 PA Gas Expo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
ADVERTISER INDEX PAGE Alpine Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Asayo Creative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Badger Daylighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Bare’s Fence Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Blue Rock Energy Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Bri-Chem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Bruce Allen Pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Cam-Tek Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Clinton County, PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 ContactPointe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Doss Enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Drill Baby Drill Staffing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Energy Speaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Ernst Seed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 ETC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Facteon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Fisher Welding LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 GapVax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 GexPro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Godwin Pumps - Xylem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Hapco Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Hunyady Auction Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Iron Eagle Enterprises LLC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Joseph Sylvester Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Keystone Clearwater Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Layfield Environmental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 LEC Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Lee Reger Builds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Lyden Oil Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Mansfield Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Mustang Ariel Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 New Pig Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 New River Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
LET US KNOW WHAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO SEE IN OUR 2014 EDITORIAL CALENDAR!
1-855-269-1188 North American Field Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Oil & Gas Safety Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Oil Center Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Peoples Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 PIOGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Premier Fence Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 PSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Rig Maids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 SiteSaver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 STICK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Sunnyside Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Superior Heating Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Truss Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 20 Unit Liner Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Viking Energy Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Weavertown Environmental Group . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Wildcat Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
CONTACT US FOR ADVERTISING INFORMATION OR MAILING LIST CHANGES:
THE NORTHEAST ONG MARKETPLACE P. O. BOX 1441 • OAK HILL, WV 25901 1-855-269-1188 FAX: (304) 465-5065 E-MAIL: INFO@ONGMARKETPLACE.COM The Northeast ONG Marketplace will not be liable for any misprint in advertising copy which is not the fault of The Northeast ONG Marketplace, and if a misprint should occur the limits of our liability will be the amount charged for the advertisement. We do not assume responsibility for the content of advertising or articles herein. Any warranties or representations made in the advertisements are those of the advertisers and not The Northeast ONG Marketplace.
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• IP Video Systems
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FOCUS COMPLETIONS STRATEGIES
GAS WELL COMPLETIONS: A Complex Connection Ed Becker, Writer, ShaleMediaGroup.com Chris Stroyne, Editor, TheMarcellusShale.com, TheUticaShale.com Kristie Kubovic, Writer, ShaleMediaGroup.com When faced with the proverbial dilemma of whether to move on or call it quits, Shakespeare’s Hamlet solemnly intoned, “To be or not to be? That is the question.” Paraphrasing the Bard, one of the most important questions a gas operator may ask when faced with their own critical crossroads is, “To complete or not to complete? That is the question.”
PLUG OR PRODUCE: IT’S ALL ABOUT ROI It’s a complex, critical question demanding research, testing and analysis in order to make that determination. If the well is classified as “productive” then it is deemed to be a satisfactory Return on Investment (ROI) for the company. Conversely, if the well is classified as a “dry hole” then it becomes a “P&A”, meaning it is plugged and abandoned. As explained on Mineral Web.com, determining whether to produce or plug a gas well is a highly technical issue. “Following the drilling process, a critical decision must be made – whether to complete a well. This is the decision that says, yes, we’re pretty sure we’ve got a productive well here, and will move ahead in purchasing casing, tubing, surface equipment, and possibly constructing a pipeline. While sometimes a very simple decision, at other times this can elicit differing judgment calls from reasonable minds. Let me pause here and emphasize that there is nothing non-technical at all about this decision – in fact it’s one of the most technically important decisions ever made in the life of an oil or gas well. The completion process typically takes from a few weeks to a few months, sometimes longer.” http://www.mineralweb.com/owners-guide/leased-but-not-producing /oil-and-gas-production-nontechnical-language/
to the surface. Once a well has been determined to be economically viable a number of major processes are set in motion. First, the hole has to be cased. “Casing protects the well stream from outside incumbents, like water or sand. Consisting of steel pipe that is joined together to make a continuous hollow tube, casing is run into the well. The different levels of the well define what diameter of casing will be installed. Referred to as a casing program, the different levels include production casing, intermediate casing, surface casing and conductor casing.” http://www.rigzone.com/training/insight.asp?insight_id=326 This step is followed by cementing which fills in the space between the casing and the area surrounding the pipe. The completion process then involves perforating, gravel packing and finally, installing a production tree, which is an assembly of valves and pipes mounted on the top of the well casing to regulate the flow of gas out of the well. Even the term completion isn’t a simple one to grasp because its definition is as vast and dense as the physical shale being penetrated. It is often illustrated as upper completion and lower completion.
One of the key steps in determining whether a gas well should be completed is based on an accumulation of research called a Formulation Evaluation. This is a report that draws on numerous sources, including gas well logs, engineers, and geologists, that gives operators a detailed picture of the viability of that particular well. It is a vast improvement over years past. Only the most viable sites are used now, saving time, money, and resources. However, even with all of the data, the decision to plug or produce isn’t always easy. “Some oil or gas may be present but not in amounts great enough to justify the expense of completing the well. Therefore, several cement plugs will be set in the well to seal it off more or less permanently. However, wells that were plugged and abandoned as dry at one time in the past may be reopened and produced if the price of oil or gas has become more favorable. The cost of plugging and abandoning a well may only be a few thousand dollars. Contrast that cost with the price of setting a production string of casing - $50,000 or more. Therefore, the operator’s decision is not always easy.” http://www.usoilandgas.net/completing.htm
An image from Access Science’s Oil and Gas Well Completion article: http://www.accessscience.com/loadBinary.aspx? filename=466600FG0010.gif.
Essentially, the purpose of completion is to allow the gas or oil to be brought
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FOCUS COMPLETIONS STRATEGIES
LOWER COMPLETION “Lower completions refer to the portion of the well across the production or injection zone. Typically, the lower completion is set across the productive zone using a liner hanger system, which anchors the lower completion to the production casing string. The upper completion refers to all components from the bottom of the production tubing upwards. Proper design of this "completion string" is essential to ensure the well can flow properly given the reservoir conditions and to permit any operations as are deemed necessary for enhancing production and safety.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completion_(oil_and_gas_wells)#Cased_ hole_completion Moreover, there are different types of completions. Each one has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. The use of any type of completion depends on the characteristics and location of the hydrocarbon formation to be mined. These completion classifications include: • Open Hole Completion • Conventional Perforated Completion • Sand Exclusion Completion • Multiple Zone Completion • Drainhole Completion Rigzone.com outlines some of the specialized features of each completion type. The most common type are ‘open hole completions’ and most commonly found in the Marcellus and Utica shale plays. “Open hole completions are the most basic type and are used in formations that are unlikely to cave in. An open hole completion consists of simply running the casing di-
rectly down into the formation, leaving the end of the piping open without any other protective filter. Very often, this type of completion is used on formations that have been ‘acidized’ or ‘fractured.’” http://www.naturalgas.org/naturalgas/well_completion.asp#completion Those shale plays whose geography involves a vast amount of loose sand often use what is termed, ‘Sand Exclusion Completion’. “Methods of sand exclusion were first used in water wells and were later applied in oil and gas wells by oil-industry engineers. The failure to successfully prevent sand production in oil wells may usually be attributed to a failure to recognize the effects of: 1, type of well completion; 2, formation characteristics; 3,type of completion fluids; and 4, completion technique.” http://www.onepetro.org/mslib/servlet/onepetropreview?id=API-58-066
UPPER COMPLETION: Beginning to look a lot like Christmas The final phase of completion is the installation of the well head. The well head plays a critical safety role in the extraction of the gas. “The wellhead consists of the pieces of equipment mounted at the opening of the well to manage the extraction of hydrocarbons from the underground formation. It prevents leaking of oil or natural gas out of the well, and also prevents blowouts caused by high pressure. Formations that are under high pressure typically require wellheads that can withstand a great deal of upward pressure from the escaping gases and liquids. These wellheads must be able to withstand pressures of up to 20,000 pounds per square inch (psi). The wellhead consists of three components: the casing head, the tubing head, and the 'Christmas Tree.’” http://www.naturalgas.org/naturalgas/well_completion.asp#completion The most visible part of a gas well is the ‘Christmas Tree’ earning its nickname because of the resemblance to the traditional holiday fixture. Typically it stands about six feet tall and appears like a bundle of pipes and valves without the candy canes. However, this equipment isn’t decorative---it plays a critical role in allowing the gas operator to monitor and control the gas flow from the well. Once the completion process is finalized, the well is thoroughly tested to ensure there is a safe, uninterrupted flow of gas to the surface.
The Shale Media Group is your news and information resource on the oil and natural gas industry. SMG keeps you apprised of the latest news and information, along with GIS mapping by messaging across Internet, Radio, Publications, and Events. For more, check out ShaleMediaGroup.com, TheMarcellusShale.com, The UticaShale.com, The EagleFordShale.com, Shaleadvantage.com, or listen to Tejas Gosai, host of the “Shale Energy Now” which is syndicated around the word, on podcasts, and at ShaleEnergyNow.com. In addition, you could register for the next Elite Energy Event (E3) at ShaleMediaGroup.com. It is the sixth in a series and will be held on June 20 at the Holiday Inn Express in Bentleyville, PA from 5:00-9:00 pm.
An image of an Oil & Gas ‘Christmas Tree’ from http://d.gr-assets.com/photos/1354359422p8/636005.jpg.
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JUNE 3-4, 2013
4TH ANNUAL SHALE ENERGY CONFERENCE
FARMINGTON PA
JUNE 21, 2013
NORTHERN TIER MARCELLUS BUSINESS EXPO
TROY PA
JUNE 26, 2013
UPDATED!
PA GAS EXPO 2013
INDIANA PA
JULY 10-11, 2013
WEST VIRGINIA OIL AND GAS EQUIPMENT SHOW
BUCKHANNON WV
AUGUST 20-22, 2013
SPE EASTERN REGIONAL MEETING
PITTSBURGH PA
AUGUST 27-28, 2013
PIOGA’S EASTERN OIL & GAS CONFERENCE AND TRADE SHOW
MONROEVILLE PA
SEPTEMBER 12-13, 2013
YOUNG 2013
YOUNGSTOWN OH
SEPTEMBER 25-26, 2013
SHALE INSIGHT 2013
PHILADELPHIA PA
SEPTEMBER 25-29, 2013
ADDC ANNUAL CONFERENCE
CHARLESTON WV
OCTOBER 2, 2013
WEST VIRGINIA OIL & GAS EXPO
MORGANTOWN WV
NOVEMBER 13-15, 2013
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PITTSBURGH PA
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FOCUS COMPLETIONS STRATEGIES
Packers Plus® Case Study StackFRAC Open Hole Systems Maximize Assets In The Marcellus Shale formation characteristics. Compared to open hole completions, the CCPP method is more cost intensive due to the additional equipment and time required for tripping in and out of hole. This results in an inefficient and time-consuming process. Production using this method can also be limited, as cementing the wellbore cuts off communication to many of the natural fractures and fissures that would otherwise contribute to overall production.
Solution
Background The Marcellus Shale is an attractive formation for oil and gas operators due to increasing estimated total recoverable reserves and its proximity to nearly one‑sixth the U.S. population. The formation is found at depths from 4,000 to 8,500 ft and underlies approximately 95,000 square miles of Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio and West Virginia. With 262 Tcf in estimated recoverable reserves and 1,500 Tcf original gas in place, the Marcellus is being hailed as a top contributor to the U.S. gas reserves with positive well economics. Efficient and reliable drilling and completion strategies are critical to ensure operators are optimizing the development of the Marcellus moving forward.
Challenge As a true shale, low porosity and permeability values make the Marcellus challenging and cost intensive to develop. Maintaining communication with the formation and capitalizing on natural fractures is crucial to attain high ultimate production. The conventional cemented casing, “plug and perf” (CCPP) method has historically been the completion strategy of operators in the Marcellus, but in order to ensure success as development ramps up, operators must consider what strategy will be the most effective given the
Packers Plus open hole, multi-stage systems allow operators to capitalize on natural fractures and ensure maximum contact with the formation. Open hole completions allow for production from the entire length of the wellbore, as opposed to CCPP, which restricts production to perforations. This grants open hole completions access to production from existing natural fractures in the formation and as a result, delivers higher recovery compared to the CCPP method. High fracture stage density using the StackFRAC® HD™ system ensures optimal drainage of the formation. This system ensures efficient fracture treatments along the entire lateral via a single, continuous pumping operation. It also allows operators to put the well on production immediately after stimulation is complete, increasing the number of wells they are able to complete every month and accelerating connection to the sales line.
Results A comparison study was done in the Marcellus to measure production of wells completed with StackFRAC systems compared to surrounding offset wells in the field completed using the CCPP method. The two study areas were in Washington County, PA and Susquehanna County, PA and cumulative production was compared at 6, 12 and 24 months. In both areas the StackFRAC wells were drilled and completed between 2007 and 2009, while the CCPP wells included those completed in the same time period to newer wells completed in 2011. The StackFRAC wells were completed with an average of 8 stages in both counties and an average lateral length of 2,500 ft and 1,800 ft in Washington and Susquehanna County, respectively.
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FOCUS COMPLETIONS STRATEGIES In both study areas, the wells completed with StackFRAC systems outperformed the CCPP completed wells in terms of production. The StackFRAC wells produced from 43% to 84% higher than the offset CCPP average in Washington County (Figure 1). These results were also seen in Susquehanna County with the StackFRAC wells increasing production by up to 37% compared to the offset CCPP average. In addition to higher production as demonstrated by this study, StackFRAC systems also provide improved efficiency and cost savings compared to the CCPP method. StackFRAC completed wells can be stimulated in less than a day compared to approximately 2 to 3 days required for CCPP wells. This efficiency also reduces equipment and personnel costs.
With the ongoing success of the StackFRAC system throughout the U.S., Packers Plus is focused on developing technology that will continue to improve production results for operators. For example, the RepeaterPORT® sleeve and the QuickFRAC® system are allowing operators to increase stage numbers available in the StackFRAC HD system. Packers Plus has run multiple jobs with these new technologies, achieving over 40 stages in a single well. With this and other technologies being developed by Packers Plus, operators can continue to achieve improved results moving forward in the Marcellus Shale.
Figure 1. Cumulative production of StackFRAC completed wells compared to offsets in the Marcellus in Washington County, PA.
This information was originally presented at the SPE Americas Unconventional Resources Conference held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, 5 – 7 June 2012. SPE 155095 © Society of Petroleum Engineers.
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MARCELLUS UTICA ANTRIM NEW ALBANY Each month over 10,500 professionals receive a free copy of The Northeast ONG Marketplace, the only publication that covers all of the shale plays in the northeast U.S. oil and gas industry. Our affordable rates allow large and small businesses alike to let the industry know that you are here to do business.
855-269-1188 • 304-465-6640 info@ongmarketplace.com • www.ongmarketplace.com
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FOR RENT Location: Loganton, PA
40 X 60 16' high metal Butler building with (2) 20 x 20 office spaces on 10 acres located @ exit 192 off I-80
570-745-7144
Toll Free 866-967-2760 or 330-565-2760 www.ironeagleent.com Serving OH, PA & WV • Rentals of frac & storage tanks, vac & sealed-top boxes • Super vacuum truck service • Professional cleaning of disposal wells, rigs and tanks – frac, flowback, holding & storage • Equipment rental/oilfield services • Water & pipe hauling, dump & winch truck services • Solid waste disposal & hauling • Containment lay down & recycling
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NEED COST EFFECTIVE ADVERTISING? - YOU’VE FOUND IT RIGHT HERE!
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OUR CIRCULATION IN THE NORTHEAST
The Northeast ONG Marketplace circulation is targeted to cover producers, operators, equipment providers and services providers. It is mailed out each month free of charge to over 10,500 recipients:
• PA - 3,298 • Other Notheast - 1,706 • OH - 1,616 • TX, OK, CO, LA • WV - 1,324 and Other States - 1,784 • MI - 785 Our ever growing mailing list is frequently updated using a variety of resources to maintain the most current industry names and businesses working throughout the region. The Northeast ONG Marketplace is also distributed at most shows and expos in the region.
1-800-339-5601 Electrical Supplies. Powerful Service.
COMING SOON TO ROUTE 6, WELLSBORO, PA Local Warehouse with Electrical Products and Services
Max Tomlin: 814-449-7479 Max.Tomlin@Gexpro.com Erika Albano: 814-860-4437 Erika.Albano@Gexpro.com
W W W. O N G M A R K E T P L AC E . C O M
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SAFETY ON THE JOB
Can't Touch This - Skin Exposures The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health estimates that more than 13 million workers in the United States have the potential to be exposed to chemicals that can be absorbed through the skin. This dermal exposure to hazardous agents can result in a variety of occupational diseases and disorders, including occupational skin diseases (OSD) and systemic toxicity. In the past, the main focus of workplace exposures to hazardous chemicals and fumes was on inhalation effects and not skin exposure. As a result of this focus, there are well developed strategies for evaluating inhalation exposures, and very few standardized methods for assessing skin exposures. Due to the lack of standardized methods for assessing skin exposures to hazardous materials, OSD have become the second most common type of occupational disease and can occur in several different forms. Some forms of occupational skin diseases include, but are not limited to, irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, various skin cancers, skin injuries, and other miscellaneous diseases. Before we can begin to understand these OSD and their effects, we must first understand the skin and its functions. The skin is the body’s largest organ. It accounts for more than 10% of an average human’s total body weight which is a total area of about 20 square feet. Our skin protects us from microbes and the elements, helps regulate body temperature, and permits the sensation of touch, heat and cold. Skin consists of 3 layers, the first of which is the epidermis or outermost layer. The epidermis is provides a waterproof barrier and creates skin tone. The second layer, beneath the epidermis, is the dermis. The dermis contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles and sweat glands. The third layer is the hypodermis and is made up mostly of fats and connective tissues. (SEE DIAGRAM)
ANATOMY OF HUMAN SKIN (Diagram From The Mayo Clinic)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention categorize the causes of occupational skin disease into four main hazards. These hazards are chemical agents, physical agents, mechanical trauma and biological agents. Chemical agents are the main cause of OSD and skin disorders. These agents are divided into 2 types: primary irritants and sensitizers. Primary irritants act directly on the skin through chemical burns, where sensitizers may not cause immediate reactions, but repeated exposure can result in allergic reactions. A worker’s skin could be exposed to hazardous chemicals through direct contact with contaminated surfaces, deposition of aerosols, immersion or splashes. Physical agents are those which act on the skin in the form of extreme temperatures (hot or cold) and radiation such as UV or solar radiation. Examples of physical agents include frostbite and sunburn. Mechanical trauma includes friction, pressure, abrasions, lacerations and contusions. Examples of this type of trauma include scrapes, cuts and bruises. Biological agents include parasites, microorganisms, plants and animal materials. Examples of biological agents include tapeworm and poison ivy.
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As I mentioned above, when dealing with these hazards, some will cause an immediate reaction, like a chemical burn, while others may cause a slower reaction on the skin, and sometimes even have an effect on other parts of the body. The transport of a chemical from the outer surface of the skin both into the skin and into the body is known as dermal absorption. Studies show that dermal absorption can occur without the worker noticing and in some cases can represent the most significant exposure pathway. In other words, the stuff you don’t notice splash on your skin could have a very significant impact on your health in the future. Referred to as systemic toxicity, chemicals like pesticides and organic solvents can enter the blood stream through the skin and have serious effects on other body organs and tissues. Due to this risk, it is very important to keep in mind that the rate of absorption is dependent on whether or not the skin is intact, the location of exposure, the physical and chemical properties of the hazardous substance, the concentration of the chemical on the skin surface, duration of exposure, and the amount of surface area exposed. Inflammation of the skin as a result of chemical exposure is called contact dermatitis, or eczema. Contact dermatitis is the most commonly reported form of OSD and accounts for approximately 90-95% of all cases reported in the United States each year. Occupational contact dermatitis is typically divided into 2 categories, irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Irritant contact dermatitis is inflammation of the skin as the direct result of a chemical agent, while allergic contact dermatitis is usually associated with the material causing an allergic reaction. Common symptoms of both types of contact dermatitis include, but are not limited to, itching, pain, redness, swelling, formation of blisters and dry, cracking skin. Because the symptoms of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis are so similar, it is extremely difficult to distinguish between the two without appropriate clinical testing. In order to prevent OSD in workers, the CDC and NIOSH recommend following their “hierarchy of controls” when dealing with hazardous substances. In most cases, preventing skin contact with chemicals or other skin damaging agents will prevent disease. Eliminating contact with the hazardous compound or product that causes a skin condition is the most effective method of control. If possible, employers should try to substitute a less hazardous agent in any processes. If elimination and substitution are not possible, the addition of local exhaust systems, isolation booths and safety showers should be a top priority. As always, the last piece of the puzzle is making sure to properly train all employees and to make sure any necessary PPE is readily available. PPE when dealing with hazardous compounds should include gloves, aprons, coveralls, safety glasses/face shields and boots. More information on protecting yourself and your employees from the hazards of chemical reactions on the skin can be found by visiting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website at www.CDC.gov, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health website at www.CDC.gov/NIOSH, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Website at www.OSHA.gov. More information on medical response and medical dangers can be found by visiting The Mayo Clinic website at www.MayoClinic.com. By Chris Chadwick, Safety Products Coordinator at SunnySide Supply, Inc. www.SunnySideSupply.com References: “Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.” (n.d.). Web. 16 May 2013. http://www.CDC.gov “National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.” (n.d.). Web. 16 May 2013. www.CDC.gov/NIOSH “Occupational Safety and Health Administration.” (n.d.). Web. 21 May 2012. www.OSHA.gov “The Mayo Clinic.” (n.d.). Web. 21 May 2013. www.mayoclinic.com
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DECEMBER 3-7, 2013
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Showcasing Prospects Generating Deals August 14-16, 2013 George R. Brown Convention Center Houston, TX December 11-13, 2013 Colorado Convention Center Denver, CO
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THE NORTHEAST ONG MARKETPLACE
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Natural Gas and Oil Well Drilling
Rick Liddle, President / John Howell, Tool Pusher 200 Victoria Rd., Bldg 4 • Austintown, OH 44515
330.770.2216 (c)
330.301.0769 (c)
We handle a wide range of products: • • • • •
Weighting Agents Viscosifiers Shale Control Inhibitors Lost Circulation Materials Defoamers
• • • • •
Filtrate Control Additives Lubricants Flocculants Thinning-Dispersants Oil Mud Products
Bri-Chem Supply aims to be your source for all of your drilling fluids additive needs. Visit our main web site at: www.brichemsupplycorp.com Product Data & MSDS: https://sites.google.com/site/brichemsupplycorpllc/ Soda Ash Direct: www.sodaashdirect.com Bentonite Direct: www.bentonitesupplier.com CaNitrate Direct: www.canitratedirect.com
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YOU CAN REACH OVER 10,500 OIL & GAS INDUSTRY PROFESSIONALS EACH MONTH WITH YOUR ADVERTISEMENT IN:
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FARMINGTON, NM ALICE, TX TYLER, TX BIG SPRING, TX CLINTON, OK
CLICKASHA, OK ENID, OK LEETSDALE, PA BAKERSFIELD, CA
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NETWORKING EVENTS JUNE 5, 2013 YPE PITTSBURGH CREW CHANGE Bridgeville, PA www.ypenergy.org
Bri-Chem Supply Corp. is in the business of warehousing and delivering products used for drilling, cementing, completing and producing oil & gas wells. Bri-Chem Supply also provides products in the mining, water treatment, water well drilling, environmental remediation and construction industries. Our facility in the Northeast is located at 59 Leetsdale Industrial Drive, Leetsdale, Pennsylvania. Facility Manager: Ken Hicks Phone: 724-318-8153 Fax: 724-385-0471 Cell: 570-637-6530 Northeast Sales & Marketing Manager: James Browder Cell: 512-587-5701 This facility has a complete Liquid Mud Mixing Plant for Oil Mud Based Fluids.
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1-855-269-1188
JUNE 12, 2013 YPE PITTSBURGH CREW CHANGE Washington, PA www.ypenergy.org JUNE 14, 2013 SOOGA SPRING CLAY SHOOT Whipple, OH www.sooga.org JUNE 17, 2013 PIOGA GOLF OUTING AND SUMMER PICNIC Reno, PA www.pioga.org JUNE 19-21, 2013 TEF ANNUAL MARCELLUS MEET UP Pittsburgh, PA www.theenergyforum.com JUNE 20, 2013 THE E3 - ELITE ENEGY EVENT Bentleyville, PA www.themarcellusshale.com JUNE 21, 2013 6TH ANNUAL MARCELLUS SCRAMBLE Canonsburg, PA www.theenergyforum.com JULY 3, 2013 YPE PITTSBURGH CREW CHANGE Bridgeville, PA www.ypenergy.org JULY 10, 2013 YPE PITTSBURGH CREW CHANGE Washington, PA www.ypenergy.org AUGUST 7, 2013 YPE PITTSBURGH CREW CHANGE Bridgeville, PA www.ypenergy.org AUGUST 9, 2013 16TH ANNUAL DIVOT DIGGERS GOLF OUTING Hermitage, PA www.pioga.org
TELL OUR ADVERTISERS YOU SAW THEIR AD IN THE NORTHEAST ONG MARKETPLACE
AUGUST 14, 2013 YPE PITTSBURGH CREW CHANGE Washington, PA www.ypenergy.org
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FOCUS COMPLETIONS STRATEGIES
Freshwater vs. Recycled Brine Water for Completions? Teresa Irvin McCurdy, TD Connections, Inc. How history affected where industry is now and where it is going. When the horizontal drilling boom started in 2008, the use of freshwater became the number one hot issue for operators, regulators and people concerned about the environment. Operators believed they needed freshwater to frac the wells and quickly began seeking freshwater withdrawal approvals from regulatory agencies that control the consumptive use of water. Regulators started the process of modifying regulations to control the amount of freshwater that could be used as well as control the sources from which the freshwater was taken. At the same time, environmentalists began discussing potential concerns with the amounts of freshwater used as well as potential concerns with the freshwater being mixed with chemicals, pumped underground and then returning to the surface as flowback or produced water. Since horizontal drilling was fairly new back in 2008, most operators used freshwater alone to frac wells as it was uncertain whether using recycled, treated brine water would harm the integrity of the well, thereby reducing the production of natural gas. Concerns centered around potential scaling associated with reused water that would clog the fractures and impede gas flow.
Therefore, the industry sought disposal solutions for flowback and produced water. Disposal options were Centralized Wastewater Treatment (CWT) facilities, Publically Owned Treatment Works (POTW) and injection wells in Ohio. CWT’s and POTW’s treated the water to meet the PA Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) discharge standards at the time. However, over the next few years DEP revised the regulations regarding the Chapter 95 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) discharge standards to reduce the levels of TDS that could be discharged into the waterways of the Commonwealth. Next, in April of 2011, then DEP Sec. Michael Krancer issued a letter to Marcellus Shale natural gas drillers to cease delivering their wastewater to the 15 wastewater treatment plants that were grandfathered in to treat and dispose under the new Chapter 95 regulations. This effectively halted the disposal of flowback and produced water from the Marcellus formation. Foreseeing a changing regulatory environment and determined to find more cost effective alternatives to disposal, natural gas companies and innovative treatment companies had already begun research and development focused on treating brine water for reuse rather than disposal. Some gas companies had started to blend small amounts of treated brine with larger volumes of freshwater in order to conduct in-depth studies to determine if using treated brine would harm the integrity of the well. Recycling facilities started to spring up at the same time that gas companies began to find successful results fracking with treated brine.
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DAN DUPUIS 1-989-350-4465
24/7 KEN GARROCK 1-800-707-8319 1-231-313-0098 CANONSBURG PA
Fisher Welding, LLC Brad Fisher, Owner
• TROUBLE SHOOTING • MIDSTREAM • INSTRUMENTATION • CONSTRUCTION • GENERATORS • RIG ELECTRICAL
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www.alpineelectric.com
- Specializing in Aluminum Fabrication and Repair - Custom Gas and Oil Fabrication - General Fabrication and Repair 724-422-5255
Home, PA
BARE’S FENCE COMPANY, LLC 304.273.9830 / 304.532.5985 1484 UTAH ROAD RAVENSWOOD, WV 26164 jim011969@hotmail.com
JIM BARE OWNER
Commercial, Industrial, and Residential OSHA AND HAZEMAT CERTIFIED GATE OPERATOR INSTALLER 25 YEARS OF SERVICE
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FOCUS COMPLETIONS STRATEGIES One such company was Hydro Recovery, LP based in Blossburg, Tioga County, PA whose business model was to recycle produced and flowback water to create a Hydraulic Stimulation Fluid (HSF) that would meet industry specifications for reuse. The owners of the company conducted extensive research into the makeup of flowback and produced water to design a system to treat wastewater for 100% reuse. One of Hydro’s first customers was Seneca Resources, who has consistently taken an innovative approach to the reuse of water. Doug Kepler, VP of Environmental Engineering for Seneca Resources, stated, “Seneca has always emphasized environmental stewardship in their O&G activities. Developing a recycled water program was logical and consistent with that philosophy.” Before Hydro opened its doors in June 2011, the two companies shared some of their independent research in a collaborative effort to make recycling a reality.
Since that time, many operators have presented at different natural gas water conferences explaining how they have been able to take treated brine and reuse it successfully. Many have touted that they have seen their production rates increase by using treated brine. Since the Marcellus Shale is in naturally a salty formation, injecting treated brine water rather than freshwater has been found by many to protect the integrity of the formation’s structure and thus enhance gas recovery. “Although recycling took some time to develop and catch on,” said Chris Wunz, COO of Hydro Recovery, “we have seen our customers increase the ratio of our HSF to freshwater to as much as 80/20 while producing natural gas at phenomenal rates.” As recycling hits its stride, innovators are now turning toward identifying solutions for handling production and flowback water in the future when water production may outpace the demand for recycled water used in new fracking activity. “We have commenced several studies along with equipment companies, researchers, and treatment providers to determine a costeffective, environmentally friendly approach to recycle Marcellus wastewater into other reusable products,” said Wunz. No one knows when the exploration and production of natural gas in the Marcellus will end or what the next formation may yield, but one thing that is certain is that managing natural gas wastewater will be an issue for dozen of years after the last wells are drilled. As technology advances and innovative companies press on to find answers to solve issues; they will benefit the environment, the gas industry and the country as we strive toward energy independence.
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TRAINING AND WORKSHOPS June 3-7, 2013 HAZARDS RECOGNITION AND STANDARDS FOR ON-SHORE OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION Pittsburgh, PA www.safetyandhealth.ext.wvu.edu JUNE 4-7, 2013 GAS OPERATIONS SCHOOL Smithfield, RI www.northeastgas.org JUNE 6, 2013 FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY ADMINISTRATION WORKSHOP Pittsburgh, PA http://marcelluscoalition.org/ get-involved/training-center/
Phone: 570-662-3997 Toll Free: 1-800-3600170 Fax: 570-662-7087 7 9 We s t g a t e R o a d M a n s f i e l d , PA 1 6 9 3 3
NY Licensed and CCO certified operators.www.mansfieldcrane.com Cranes meet OSHA/ASNI standards.
HEAVY LIFT and RIGGING ENGINEERS
JUNE 11, 2013 PIPELINE EROSION & SEDIMENTATION CONTROL WORKSHOP State College, PA http://marcelluscoalition.org/ get-involved/training-center/ JUNE 12-13, 2013 OIL & GAS FINANCE FORUM 2013 New York, NY www.minellc.com/ogff13 JUNE 27, 2013 PIPELINE EROSION & SEDIMENTATION CONTROL WORKSHOP Cranberry, PA http://marcelluscoalition.org/ get-involved/training-center/
JOB FAIRS JUNE 8, 2013 TRI COUNTY OIL & GAS EMPLOYMENT EXPO Washington, PA http://tricountyoilandgas.com
JULY 10, 2013 ESCGP-2 TRAINING State College, PA www.pioga.org
Natural Gas Opportunities!
JULY 16, 2013 TRANSPORTATION SAFETY DAY AND FLAGGER TRAINING Coraoplis, PA http://marcelluscoalition.org/ get-involved/training-center/
Pipeline Design, Civil, & Mechanical Engineers, Technical Salesperson – O&G Equipment Repair & Manufacturing – PA & OH
AUGUST 19-23, 2013 HAZARDS RECOGNITION AND STANDARDS FOR ON-SHORE OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION Morgantown, WV www.safetyandhealth.ext.wvu.edu
Assisting companies throughout the Marcellus & Utica region and Western U.S.A.
Operations Leader in Solids Control / Waste Management – PA, WV, OH area Pipeline Welders – API 1104 certified is a plus Class A & B CDL Drivers – Tanker, Hydro Excavator, Roll off & OTR positions Measurement Tech with SCADA – Tunkhannock, PA Heavy Duty Diesel Mechanic – Indiana, Altoona & Petersburg, PA
Visit: Drillbabyjobs.com to apply or call 814.224.2866 for more information
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CULTURAL RESOURCE STUDIES Cultural Resource Studies for USACE Permitted Gas Projects By Michael Anslinger, Senior V.P. East Region, and Mike Clem, Principal Investigator, Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc., Hurricane, West Virginia. www.crai-ky.com Cultural resource studies of varying scope and intensity are completed for many federally permitted projects, including activities associated with the shale gas industry. Common are permits issued by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) for activities including, but not limited to pipeline, access road, and substation constructions. For example, for gas projects in the Marcellus and Utica plays in parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia, the USACE Pittsburgh District commonly issues Nation Wide Permits 3, 7, 12, 14, and 39, Pennsylvania State Programmatic General Permit–4, or a standard permit. Not all of these USACE permitted activities require the completion of a cultural resource study, an in some instances the need for such study is dependent on the accumulative amount of impacts to stream crossings and wetlands, resulting in differing requirements for different jurisdictions and projects. The USACE’s regulatory program includes two primary authorities: Section 10 of the River and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 USC 403) and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 USC 1344). The USACE carries out its cultural resources “compliance” under Appendix C of their regulatory program regulations (33 CFR 320-332 and 334), which was never approved by the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation or the National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers as counterpart regulations to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Under Appendix C only the permitted or jurisdictional areas as determined by the USACE are considered for potential effects to cultural resources; not typically included is the larger amount of the project area outside the permitted area(s). This departs from the regulatory programs of other federal agencies that follow the “regular” Section 106 regulations (36 CFR 800), in which the entire project area is considered. While the gas industry may look at this in a positive light, increased liability is introduced given that significant and culturally sensitive resources unknown to developers and their subcontractors may be impacted. An example is found in West Virginia where earthmoving in association with a pipeline project physically impacted a marked African American cemetery. A jury decision awarded the plaintiffs $900,000 in punitive and compensatory damages. Although the decision is being appealed, the considerable negative press about the incident cast an unwanted shadow over the companies involved and to some extent the industry at large. The situation could have easily been avoided had a cultural resources investigation been completed during the planning stage. We are of the opinion that for USACE permitted projects it is in the overall interest of the gas industry to work with qualified cultural resource firms at an early stage of planning to identify and avoid significant sites, including historic cemeteries, located within the entire project area including non-regulated areas. Review of records on file at State Historic Preservation Offices combined with information available from historical maps and online sources (e.g., county historical and genealogical societies, etc.) can provide information for the presence of known and potential resources, as well as identify areas with high probability to contain sites and cemeteries. Such review can be followed by field surveys to confirm the presence of known sites and record undocumented sites. Having this information available during the early planning stages of projects will not only allow significant sites and cemeteries to be avoided, it will also provide a level of risk management for the industry that decreases the probability of law suits like the one cited for West Virginia. In a future article we will provide a more in-depth discussion of cultural resource studies for USACE permitted gas projects and provide suggestions for dealing with the issue on a regional rather than project-specific scale.
Typical undocumented cemetery in rural WV
OTHER INDUSTRY EVENTS JUNE 9-11, 2013 WV MANUFACTURES ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING Glade Spring, WV www.wvma.com JUNE 18-19, 2013 SHALE GAS: PROMISES AND CHALLENGES Cleveland, OH http://naeshalegas.com SEPTEMBER 6, 2013 PA ENERGY GAMES FESTIVAL Williamsport, PA http://energyadvertising.com SEPTEMBER 16-17, 2013 THINK ABOUT ENERGY SUMMIT - OHIO Columbus, OH www.anga.us SEPTEMBER 18-19, 2013 GREAT LAKES TRUCK EXPO Cleveland, OH www.greatlakestruckexpo.com VISIT OUR WEBSITE FOR LINKS TO THESE EVENTS AND MORE
WWW.ONGMARKETPLCE.COM
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Cover All Your Bases in the Oil and Gas Industry! Now you can reach thousands more by putting together a media package that works for you! The Northeast ONG Marketplace is pleased to announce our new collaboration with TheMarcellusShale.com and TheUticaShale.com. By combining our media, business operations in the region now have a streamlined method to utilize print, radio, video, email marketing, internet, social media, and search engine optimization.
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The journalistic mission of TheMarcellusShale.com and TheUticaShale.com is to inform the public about Shale and Energy technology through a variety of multimedia forms. Our websites post the latest breaking news articles, videos, interviews, radio programs, and other information regarding the Marcellus & Utica Shale. ONGMarketplace.com provides links to industry events happening in the northeast U.S., a flip book version of our latest issue, and links to current advertisers and premium profiles.
The All Energy Now Network is the new driving force for people who want information on our rapidly expanding domestic energy sector. Syndicated across the world, on podcasts at AllEnergyNow.com, listeners follow host, Tejas Gosai as he guides them through the latest energy developments from new energy technologies, energy employment opportunities, environmental considerations, financial issues and much more.
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Social Media Twitter - @ongmarketplace and @marcellusnews Facebook http://www.facebook.com/theongmarketplace http://www.facebook.com/TheMarcellusShale
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The Northeast ONG Marketplace is received by more than 10,500 professionals each month. Our staff will interview you, shoot professional photos of your company products and services, and write a one-page profile of what your company has to offer the industry. In addition to your story being featured in the Northeast ONG Marketplace, you will receive 200 glossy 8.5” x 11” copies to distribute at conferences and directly to clients.
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6 Months
12 Months
Business Card
$100
$95 / Month
$90 / Month
$85 / Month
$200
$190 / Month
$180 / Month
$170 / Month
$350
$335 / Month
$320 / Month
$305 / Month
$695
$655 / Month
$625 / Month
$590 / Month
$990
$940 / Month
$890 / Month
$850 / Month
$1480
$1400 / Month
$1335 / Month
$1270 / Month
3.2” w x 1.85” h
1/12 Page Ad 3.25” w x 2.88” h
1/8 Page Ad Horizontal - 5.0” w x 2.88” h Vertical - 3.25” w x 6.0” h
1/4 Page Ad Horizontal - 6.75” w x 5.0” h Vertical - 5.0” w x 6.0” h
1/2 Page Ad Horizontal - 10.25” w x 6.0” h Vertical - 5.0” w x 12.25” h Letter Format - 6.75” w x 9.12” h
Full Page Ad 10.25” w x 12.8” h
Back Page Ad 10.25” w x 12.8” h
Front Page Ad 10.25” w x 9.75” h
2 Page Center Spread 21.44” w x 12.8” h
$1600
ALL ADS ARE IN
$2200 $2400
Digital files may be high resolution pdf, Quark Xpress (version 6 or higher preferred) or Adobe Photoshop. Submitted photos should not less than 200 dpi. Logos, text or other images should be sent at 400 dpi or greater as jpg, tif, or eps files. Disk storage: cd-rom, flash drive. Our color process is CMYK. If you don’t have a prepared ad but have some ideas; we can work with you to create your advertisement at no additional cost. You may change the content of the ad for multi-insertion orders. E-mail: info@ONGMarketplace.com
THE NORTHEAST ONG MARKETPLACE
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JUNE 2013
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PAGE 28
IS YOUR GAS DETECTION PROGRAM OSHA COMPLIANT? • Free Consultation • Instrument Rental, Sales, Ser vice • Calibration / Bump Gas • Por table and Fixed Systems • Calibration Ser vices LEC Solutions, LLC Phone 412-841-7901 Fax 724-871-5500 service@lecsolutionsonline.com www.lecsolutionsonline.com
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