journal

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AIR

Yr. 2013

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO

STUDENT:CHLOE ZHU TUTOR:GWYLL ANGELA

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO:

AIR

STUDENT: CHLOE ZHU TUTORS: GWYLL ANGELA YEAR: 2013

C O N T E N T S ABOUT ME PART A. EOI I: CASE FOR INNOVATION A.1. A.2. A.3. A.4. A.5. A.6.

ARCHITECTURE AS A DISCOURSE COMPUTATIONAL ARCHITECTURE PARAMETRIC MODELING ALGORITHMIC EXPLORATION CONCLUSION LEARNING OUTCOMES

PART B. EOI II: DESIGN APPROACH PART C. PROJECT PROPOSAL REFERENCE

“

A great architect is not made by way of a brain nearly so much as he is made by way of a cultivated, enriched heart.� ----Frank Lloyd Wright

Reference: http://www.brainyquote. com/quotes/topics/topic_ architecture.html

ME D

ear everyone, I am Chloe from the 3rd year Architecture faculty. I came to Melbourne when I was in high school, and now I have fallen in love with this city completely. I started to probe the Architecture world when I was in year 11, and then I was just drunk inside this amazing world and never come out.

I

used to know barely anything of digital design. However since my comprehension of Design and my knowledge of Architecture are getting more, I started to be a friend to those digital little things. I am now very interested in all sorts of digital software as they truly make my life much easier than the time without them. I’ve tried Rhino, Sketch up, Illustrator, Photoshop, Auto CAD and In Design in my past years, but I am more familiar with Sketch up, Photoshop, Auto CAD and In Design rather than the rest. Now I am working as an assistant for my friend- who is an architect in Melbourne. I went to sites to get measurements and I did 2D drawings for him by using Auto CAD.

PART A. CASE FOR INNOVATION

A.1 ARCHITECTURE AS A DISCOUSE

“

It’s not about the pieces; it’s how the pieces work together.” ----Ice T has an opinion

Reference:

http://www.youtube.com/ watch?feature=player_ embedded&v=PPFcZ-Ux4Lg

A

rchitecture, as an art which is given by lots of people as different definition, is a dominant part of various idea of its content. Then there comes the Architecture discourse. “Architecture, then, as discourse, discipline, and form, operates at the intersection of power, relations of production, culture, and representation and is instrumental to the construction of our identities and our differences, to shaping how we know the world.�----Dutton, Thomas A. and Lian Hurst Mann, eds (1996)

D

esign is known as a purposeful activity, aimed at achieving some well-defined goals. And thus designers are those who analyze problems, setting goals, devising actions that might accomplish them, evaluating the efficacy of these actions, and communicating with others involved in the process.

F

or me, Architecture is not only a three dimensional building that is eye pleasing or as a shelter to human beings, but also about combining the sundry of disciplines and aspects like aesthetic, psychology, political science, humanities, and now parametric modeling and algorithmic technology. It is alive.

GUANGZHOU OPERA HOUSE Architect: Zaha Hadid Location: Guangzhou, China Client: Guangzhou Municipal Government Project Year: 2003-2010

Reference: http://www.archdaily.com/286381/betonhala-waterfront-center-sou-fujimoto-architects/

GUANGZHOU OPERA HOUSE

G

uangzhou is one of the Asia’s cultural centers, and now the Guangzhou Opera House is the icon of this fabulous city. The Guangzhou Opera House is about 70,000 sqm in total area, including 1,800 seats in the Grand theatre, entrance lobby and lounge, Multifunction hall, other auxiliary facilities and support premises.

Reference: http://www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/guangzhou-opera-house/ <LEFT> http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/ arch-showcase/2011/03/03/guangzhouopera-house-in-china-by-zaha-hadidarchitects/ <RIGHT>

T

he Guangzhou Opera House has a unique twin boulder design, the approach promenade enhances urban function, opens access to the Pearl riverside and sits in perfect harmony with its riverside location. The design concept was inspired by a natural landscape and the fascinating interplay between architecture and nature. In particularly it has been influenced by the way in which river valleys are transformed by erosion. As we can see in pictures, it has an irregular geometry shape and dramatic structure, which has no rigid functional zoning, which indicates the principles of algorithmic architecture. The interior design is very streamline as well. The smooth transitions between disparate elements and different levels continue the landscape analogy while the “cut outs� allow natural light to permeate deep into the building. The design of this grand architecture combines the cultural traditions that have shaped Guangzhou’s history, while with the ambition and optimism that will create its future as the same time.

I

n a word, the whole opera house opens up the gate of the algorithmic architecture, letting people knowing that the age of computer technology has come.

Reference: http://chrisglew.com/nuke/ gallery/3d/nbk_chopper/

THE NATIONAL BANK OF KUWAIT HEADQUARTERS Architect: Foster + Partners Location: Kuwait Client: Kuwait Government Project Year: 2012

THE NATIONAL BANK OF KUWAIT HEADQUARTERS

T

he national bank of Kuwait headquarters is known as the iconic skyline in Kuwait. The design of this complex geometrical art is driven by a response to the local climate. It is shown that design must be influenced by solar, wind and planarity analysis. It is all about developing ideas by combining analysis of different nature and artificial elements, while parametric technique involved.

K

uwait has a desert climate, making it generally both a hot and dry climate. The highest temperature in summer was recorded 53째C while the lowest in winter was -6째C. Kuwait also has as large as 25째C temperature difference between day and night, and frost occurs when the temperature drops below 5째C. Therefore, the design of this headquarters is basically based on the extreme weather in Kuwait.

Reference: AD Magazine, P34 <LEFT> http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread. php?t=1259365&page=11 <RIGHT>

T

he Foster+Partners’ Specialist Modeling Group (SMG) was in charge of this attractive but yet challenging project. They firstly quickly produce various options of parametric models so that the models could be further developed by the design team. Then it was followed by evolving initial design into a fully rational shape that embedded serious consideration of the various performance parameters, integrating the architectural aspirations, structural, environmental, functional and operational requirements. During the process, various algorithmic designing programs were used to produce this project, such as Bentley Systems’ GenerativeComponents™ (GC) and so on.

T

his is what presages the unprecedented prosperity of a whole new digital era.

Automatic Architecture Reference: http://www.architectmagazine. com/design/automatic-architecture_2.aspx

A.2. COMPUTATIONAL ARCHITETURE

A

s we mentioned in the previous section, designers are expected to solve difficulties in the most efficient way. More specifically, architects therefore should be familiar with methods that have proved effective in accomplishing any or all of these actions. In order to maximize the benefits, architects are no doubt making their efforts toward successful solutions rather than waste their time searching for unsuccessful ones; find and use shortcuts; understand the affordances of the situations they face; and understand the implications of their actions beyond the immediate solution of the problem at hand.

A

s time goes on, computers, by their nature, are superb analytical engines. The nowadays computer technology is not only transferring all hand drafts into a neat and comprehensive digital format, they are obliged to satisfy the rapidly growing demands from human beings. If correctly programmed, they can follow a line of reasoning to its logical conclusion. They never get tired, never make silly arithmetical mistakes, and will gladly search through and correlate facts buried in the endless heaps of information they can store. They will do all that quickly and repeatedly, by following a set of instructions called a program, which tells them in minutes how to manipulate the electrical impulses in their circuits. Moreover they can present the results of these manipulations in the form most suitable for hum an comprehension: in textual reports, tables of numbers, charts, graphical constructions— even in dynamically changing images and sounds.

I

n another word, they are the magic to make those impossible to totally possible.

“FILE TO FACTORY”

“

Architecture continually informs and is informed by its modes of representation and construction, perhaps never more so than now, when digital media and emerging technologies are rapidly expanding what we conceive to be formally, spatially, and materially possible” - Lisa Iwamoto

T

his project explores Voussoir Cloud compression structural paradigm mixed with computer based digital systems. Structurally, the vaults accurately depend on each other and the walls to hold its shape compression. The fourteen segmented pieces also generate a series of five columns which hold the inner edge of the frame and back. Rhino was used as initial modeling software to hang chains to refine and adjust lines profiles.

T

he convenience and ability of contemporary computer technology is well verified by this project. All those irritating calculations and assemblies are now able to be solved within minutes. Ones it’s done, the only thing left is sending files to a factory.

VOUSSOIR CLOUD Architect: Architecture IwamotoScott Lisa Iwamoto, Craig Scott Location: Los Angeles, California, USA Project Year: 2008

Reference: http://www.architectmagazine.com/design/ automatic-architecture_2.aspx <FIGURE> http://www.iwamotoscott.com/ <QUOTE>

Squid-like Canopy Proposal, Catwalk Design Architect: Ayarchitecture Location: Paris, France Project Year: 2012

COMPLEXITY

“

Regardless of their complexity, the tasks and decisions involved can be formalized as an algorithm. As such, algorithms provide a framework for articulating and defining both input data and procedures. This formalization can promote structure and coherency, while systemically maintaining full traceability of all input.” – Michael Hansmeyer

C

omputer technology enables projects of previously unimaginable complexity. Computer is now able to support designers in geometrical entities that were used to be no meaning to the computer. Along the way, each type of system has found its niche and provides useful service to its users.

A

s the Squid-like Canopy Proposal-Catwalk Design shown, it is an extremely complex outcome, which traditional computer technology would never be able to produce. However, according to the procedure screenshot shown below, it was not a long journey if parametric modeling and algorithm design technology are involved.

Reference: http://www.ayarchitecture.com/architeuthisaspx <FIGURE> http://www.michael-hansmeyer.com/ <QUOTE>

A.3. PARAMETRIC MODELLING

“

Post modernism and deconstructivism were mere transitional episodes and parametricism will be the great new style after modernism. “ ---- Schumacher 2010

S

cripting and computer programming have now become integral to the digital design process, because it provides unique for innovation, enabling designers to customize the software around their own predilections and modes of working. In which, the most famous technology is parametric modeling. The definition of parametric is still an open question now: whether it is design, change, parametricism or mathematics. As we discussed in the last part, computer science is no doubt a must-have technology tantamount to a sine qua non in nowadays architecture world. However, parametric modeling as the most popular technology in the 21st century, is a discourse as it brings out advantages as well as the shortcomings.

Kartal Pendik Masterplan Reference: http://www.archello. com/en/project/ kartal-pendik-masterplan/image-15 <FIGURE> http://www.fschumacher.com/ <QUOTE>

BETON HALA WATERFRONT CENTER Architect: Sou Fujimoto Architects Location: Belgrade, Serbia Client: Beton Hala Waterfront Centre Project Year: Unbuilt

Reference: http://www.archdaily.com/286381/beton-hala-waterfront-center-sou-fujimoto-architects/

EFFICIENCY

P

arametric modeling helps to enhance the efficiency of design process. It is able to provide malleability and variety of forms, namely, it increases feasibility of those abstract ideas and inspiration. In nowadays, the traditional rigid formula is not apropriate for the 21st century any more. Fujimoto’s Waterfront Centre proposal is a beyond comparable precedent at this stage. This amazing architecture was based on the concept “floating cloud”. It is formed by a series of flowing soft lines instead of traditional rigid boxes. The outcome is very complex visionally, yet eye-pleasing at the same time. As we can tell, parametric modelling was one of the elements that hasrendered outstanding service, it creats the fascination of this distinguished architecture.

N

evertheless, parametric modeling not only brought benefits to designers, but also inconveniences. It forces designers to plan the design carefully, defining ahead of time which major elements would be dependent upon other elements. It also constraints designers to think at the early stage of a project, which may not let them to have a conceptual idea.

Reference: http://www.archdaily.com/286381/beton-hala-waterfront-center-sou-fujimotoarchitects/ <LEFT PAGE> http://www.archdaily.com/286381/beton-hala-waterfront-center-sou-fujimotoarchitects/ <RIGHT PAGE>

CHANEL MOBILE ART PAVILION(worldwide) Architect: Zaha Hadid with Patrik Schumacher Location: Tokyo, Hong Kong, New York, London, Moscow, Paris Client: Chanel; Chanel Mobile Art Project Year: 2008-2010

Reference: http://www.erratica.us/991.html

CONTROL

A

nother benefit that parametric modeling has brought to designers is that the ability for designers to control time and fine details. Differ from the traditional design process, parametric modeling is able to distinctively minimize the designing time. The travelling Chanel Mobile Art Pavilion is one of the icons during 2008-2010. It is a newconcept ephemeral typology, which required very limit of time (as short as two weeks) to design and built. Parametric modeling also allows designers to have exact precise control of projects. It substantially increases the accuracy of designing and making models as it is a mathematical formula.

H

owever, it does cause pay. Due to the high logic that parametric modelling produce, it is very hard (or almost impossible) to make any change at the late stage of design process as all the parameters are connected, and there are usually a huge amount of notes to form a model. It is also very difficult for designers to identify the changes in a parametric model, which may cause inconvenience for designers. Another downside of parametric modeling is that it is hard for other designers to modify the designs as they don’t have the knowledge about how the original design was created, which cut the ways of reusing and sharing in design world.

Reference: http://www.archdaily.com/144378/ chanel-mobile-art-pavilion-zaha-hadidarchitects/ <LEFT PAGE> http://www.archdaily.com/144378/ chanel-mobile-art-pavilion-zaha-hadidarchitects/ <RIGHT PAGE>

A.4. ALGORITHMIC EXPLORATION

I

t was not easy to get familiar with the whole Grasshopper system as it requires a solid logical thought and mathematical skills. However the experience and workflow are very fun for me. I have found how the Grasshopper can provide users to modify different forms and patterns, while it is also able to create interesting forms and patterns.

I

have chosen these two algorithmic explorations as I think the methods used on those shapes/forms could be applicable when I am looking into my design for the gateway. The first image is about subtracting partials within a whole. This technique is very useful as I can use it to modify different forms to get the one that suits my brief and idea. The second image is shown because it represents that I can try different interesting patterns easily while I am doing the Gateway design.

W

ith my extended research I started to combine techniques from different tutorials to make shapes and patterns. It is very efficient for trying different designs and it is very convenient for users to use once they get familiar with it. These images shown will provide me with a base for further research in the design space within Rhino and Grasshopper to develop a parametric model for the Wyndam City gateway design project.

A.5. CONCLUSION

P

arametric design is an exciting field in architecture that has provided architects a chance to explore design mathematically through a new medium. It allows for a development of free form unrigged sculptural spaces that inspire and challenge the audience’s perspective and opinion of architecture.

T

he parametric design breaks down the barrier among other disciplines and architecture as architects are able to explore the ideas and connections of different disciplines into and interactive space. This takes us back to the idea of Frank Lloyd Wright’s idea of architecture, which is a great architect should be made by way of a cultivated, enriched heart. In another word, a great architecture therefore should be made of the perfect combination of both morphology and demeanor.

T

hrough my previous research I have seen the use of parametric designs within architecture (either they are buildings or sculptures) that provide outcomes to design briefs that challenge ideas of formation and structure.

M

y design approach will definitely be used with this new gained Grasshopper technique. I think my design will be focusing on intimation of nature, soft but vital/wild geometry form. I like how the Grasshopper can provide any form of imagination, I like how it can transfer my thought into real models.

A

t first, I really knew barely about the digital world. I don’t even understand what is parametric or algorithmic. However, I learnt a lot throughout these few weeks. Honestly I like the journal exercise very much. It really helped with gaining new knowledge and techniques and skills. In order to make a good journal, I did a lot of research on every single topic. It is hard but it is also very fun. During the research and modification, I comprehend much more architectural ideas from famous architects and from other students; I also have a new habit, which is browsing architecture magazines and websites frequently. I am sure this will help with my future study and career a lot. Since my understanding of algorithmic architecture and parametric modeling has been improved a lot throughout the past few weeks, I start to know that the trends of the nowadays architecture are humanity, high tech/digitalization, individuation. I also know the advantages and shortcomings of parametric modeling. I think I will keep the passion of digital architecture world, and I will keep adding the “breath” and “depth” of my knowledge and skills to it.

A

t past, the most common tools for me to design is pencil/pen and eraser, plus a few digital softwares like AutoCAD and Sketchup. However, sometimes they are just way too lack of efficiency. I am very happy with my new technique, which is the Grasshopper. I will probably use it onto my past projects which are too boring or plain. I can also modify the forms as Grasshopper provides very high convenience.

A.6. LEARNING OUTCOMES

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