Getting you thinking

Fishing

Fact: Boats from EU countries will be allowed to fish in UK waters until 2026. There will be a gradual fall in the amount they are allowed to catch. After 2026 there will be negotiations each year to decide how the catch is shared out.

Trade-off : Most of the catch is sold to Europe, so the EU might decide to tax imports from the UK or ban British boats from EU waters if it thinks its fishing industry is being badly treated.

Migration

Fact: The same rules apply to migrants from the EU as from the rest of the world. They will need a visa.

Trade-off : The number of migrants has changed little. Highly trained people with skills from non-EU countries have replaced low-skilled, poorly paid people.

Trade

Fact: The trade deal between the UK and means that there are no tariffs or quotas on goods that are made in the UK. A lot more paperwork is needed for everything that goes from the UK to the EU.

Trade-off : The quantity of exports to the EU has changed little but exports by small firms has fallen considerably.

Travel

Fact: A passport will no longer be enough to travel to EU countries. You will have to pay for an ETIAS. It will last for three years. On entry into an EU country, you will have to provide fingerprints and have your photograph taken.

Trade-off : The ETIAS will make EU borders more secure as travellers can be tracked. It should reduce crime and terrorism.

1 Who are the winners and losers in each category?

After Brexit

When the UK left the EU there were many changes to the relationship between the two. EU law had been incorporated into UK law. Quality standards for everything manufactured across Europe were the same. The laws about the way people were treated at work were the same. People and products could move freely from one country to another. Relationships with the rest of the world were the same. The UK is now in the process of adapting to the different situation and politicians are starting to change laws to meet the different demands of the electorate.

The following sections sum up some of the changes being made.