CSEC® PHYSICS WORKBOOK
Terry David
Contents List Section A A1 Scientific method ...............................................................................................................4 A2 Vectors .................................................................................................................................8 A3 Statics ................................................................................................................................11 A4 Dynamics ..........................................................................................................................15 A5 Energy ..............................................................................................................................24 A6 Hydrostatics ......................................................................................................................27 Section B B1 Nature of heat ...................................................................................................................32 B2 Macroscopic properties and phenomena ......................................................................33 B3 Thermal measurements ..................................................................................................39 B4 Transfer of thermal energy ............................................................................................45 Section C C1 Wave motion ....................................................................................................................49 C2 Sound ................................................................................................................................52 C3 Electromagnetic waves .................................................................................................... 55 C4 Light waves ......................................................................................................................56 C5 Lenses ................................................................................................................................63 Section D D1 Electrostatics ...................................................................................................................66 D2 Current electricity ............................................................................................................69 D3 Electrical quantities .........................................................................................................72 D4 Circuit components .........................................................................................................75 D5 Electronics ........................................................................................................................83 D6 Magnetism .......................................................................................................................86 D7 Electromagnetism ...........................................................................................................88 Section E E1 Models of the atom .........................................................................................................96 E2 Structure of the atom ......................................................................................................97 E3 Radioactivity .................................................................................................................100 3
C2 Sound
1 a) Describe a simple experiment to measure the speed of sound in air.
b) A loudspeaker produces a sound with frequency 250 Hz. Assuming the speed of sound is 340 ms−1, determine the wavelength of the sound waves.
c) A tropical storm approaches Jamaica. Ingrid measures the time between seeing a flash of lightning and hearing the sound of thunder. She estimates it to be 9 seconds. Calculate the distance between the tropical storm and Ingrid.
2 a) Sound is a longitudinal wave. What does this mean?
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b) The pitch and loudness of a sound is related to certain wave parameters. State what EACH one is related to.
c) State THREE differences between sound waves and light waves.
d) State the range of frequencies that can be detected by a young adult’s ear.
a) Saleema has a radio playing in her living room. The room has one door of width 0·9 m. She is cooking in her kitchen. Explain why she is able to hear the sound of the radio in the kitchen even though she cannot see the radio.
b) A signal generator is connected to two loudspeakers in a physics laboratory as shown below. Riaz, a Form Four student, starts at point P and walks along the line AB.
Signal generator
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[2]
pitch loudness
[3]
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S2 S1 AB P
C3 Electromagnetic waves
1 a) State FOUR properties of electromagnetic waves.
b) Microwaves, visible light and infrared radiation are all electromagnetic waves. Arrange them in ascending order of wavelength.
c) Microwaves travelling at 3 × 108 ms−1 have a frequency of 2 × 1010 Hz. Determine the wavelength of these waves in cm.
d) Complete the following table:
Electromagnetic wave
infrared radiation
x-rays
microwaves
visible light
Source
Use
cellular phone
photosynthesis
Total Marks /
55
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C4 Light waves
1 a) In the 17th century there were two conflicting theories about the nature of light. Huygens proposed one of these theories and Newton supported the other. Briefly outline these TWO theories.
Newton Huygens
b) Young provided experimental evidence that supported one of the theories in a). Which one did it support?
c) Einstein used one of the theories in a) to explain the observations of experiments in which light was interacting with matter. Which one was it?
2 a) Explain what is meant by the term ‘diffraction’.
b) Light is usually thought of as travelling in straight lines because diffraction is not normally observed. State why this is so and state ONE observation that supports this.
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c) Draw two diagrams to show the diffraction of waves through a narrow gap and a wide gap.
d) What can be said about the wavelength of a wave before and after it passes through a gap?
e) Under what conditions do waves show the most diffraction?
3 a) State the laws of reflection.
b) The diagram below shows an object O in front of a plane mirror. Two rays of light R1 and R 2 are shown. Complete the path taken by the two rays and locate the image O.
4 a) Explain what is meant by the ‘refraction’ of light.
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[2] R1 O R2
C5 Lenses
1
a) Eddy uses a converging lens as a magnifying glass to view fine print on an instruction manual. Sketch a diagram to show the image formed. Label the principal axis and the focal point of the converging lens.
b) State whether the image is virtual or real.
2 An object of height 2·5 cm is placed 12 cm in front of a converging lens. An image is produced 4 cm behind the lens. Using the lens formula, calculate:
a) the focal length of the lens.
b) the magnification of the lens.
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c) the height of the image.
3 Use a diagram to explain what is meant by the following terms when applied to a converging lens:
focal point; focal length; principal axis; optical centre.
4 a) A converging lens has a focal length of 8·0 cm. An object of height 4·0 cm is placed 12·0 cm in front of the lens. Using the graph paper on the next page, determine by scale drawing:
i) the image distance.
ii) the height of the image.
iii) the magnification of the lens.
b) State ONE use of this type of lens.
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[1] C5
Lenses (cont.)
D1 Electrostatics
1
a) When a polythene rod is rubbed with a dry cloth it becomes negatively charged. Explain, in terms of electron flow, why this occurs.
b) When a Perspex rod is rubbed with a dry cloth it becomes positively charged. Explain, in terms of electron flow, why this occurs.
c) Saishma demonstrates a ‘trick’ to her friends. She rubs a pen against her hair and then uses it to pick up small pieces of paper. Explain how the pen is able to pick up the uncharged pieces of paper.
d) A positively charged metal sphere A rests on an insulated stand. A negatively charged metal sphere B rests on an insulated stand. A thick piece of copper wire is used to connect both spheres. A current of 4 μA flows for 2 ms.
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i) State the direction of electron flow between the two spheres.
ii) Calculate the amount of charge that flows between the two spheres.
iii) Calculate the number of electrons that were transferred between the two spheres. charge on an electron = –1·6 × 10−19 C
2
a) Explain what is meant by an ‘electric field’.
b) Sketch the electric field for EACH of the following:
i) an isolated positive charge.
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ii) an isolated negative charge.
iii) a positive charge adjacent to a negative charge.
iv) a positive charge adjacent to another positive charge.
v) two parallel metal plates.
c) State ONE hazard and ONE useful application of electrostatics. hazard use
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−
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− +
[3] + +
[3] +
[2] D1 Electrostatics (cont.)
36
Total Marks /
