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L E VE L
Level 3
3
you need to know about Volcanoes!
SCHREIBER
Every National Geographic Kids Reader is carefully selected to match your child’s reading ability. Level 1 • Early reader
Level 3 • Becoming independent
LEVEL 3
Level 4 • Independent reader
VOLCANOES
Level 3 Best suited to kids who are ready for complex sentences and more challenging vocabulary, but still draw on occasional support from adults. They are ideal for readers of Purple and Gold banded books.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC KIDS READERS
Level 2 • Becoming fluent
Volcanoes
ISBN 978-0-00-826674-5
Adapted by Collins for readers of British English. Notes for teachers and parents available on collins.co.uk.
9 780008 266745
Anne Schreiber
Deep beneath the Earth’s surface it is hot. Hot enough to melt rock. When rock melts it becomes a thick liquid called magma. Sometimes it puddles together in a magma chamber. Sometimes it finds cracks to travel through. If magma travels through a crack to the surface, the place it comes out is called a vent.
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MAGMA: Thick, liquid molten rock. MAGMA CHAMBER: A space deep underground filled with molten rock. VENT: Any opening in the Earth’s surface where volcanic materials come out.
When magma comes out of the Earth it is called lava. The lava hardens. Ash and rock pile up. A volcano is born.
ASH VENT
LAVA
MAGMA CHAMBER
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Ash and steam pour out of the mountain. Magma rises up inside the mountain. Suddenly, a spray of glowing hot ash shoots out. It is an eruption! More molten rock is forced out. It spills down the side of the volcano in a burning hot river. Anything that cannot move is burned or buried.
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What did the volcano eat for lunch?
A
Ashed potatoes.
Q
KIMANURA VOLCANO ZAIRE
ERUPTION: When magma reaches Earth’s surface. Some eruptions are explosive.
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Where do cracks and vents in the Earth come from? The land we live on is broken into pieces called plates. The plates fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. They are always moving. They move a few centimetres every year.When plates pull apart... or smash together... watch out! 8
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Their plates are broken!
Q
Why don’t volcanoes eat dinner?
A
This picture shows the gap that forms when plates pull apart. THINGVELLIR, ICELAND
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Mid-Atlantic Ridge
One place where Earth’s plates smash together is called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It is the longest mountain range on Earth and most of it is underwater.
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What happens when two plates pull apart? They make a giant crack in the Earth. Magma can rise up through these cracks. This even happens underwater. 10
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