CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page1
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page2
' 6+:#):#;' ! ! ,! *! *5,! *5*! *5@! *5H! *5-! @! @5,! @5,5,! @5,5* @5,5@ @5,5@5, @5,5@5* @5,5H! @5,5-! @5,5Y! @5,5Z! @5*! @5*5,! @5*5*! @5*5@! @5*5H! @5*5H5,! @5*5H5*! @5*5H5@! @5*5-! @5*5-5,! @5*5-5,5,! @5*5-5,5*! @5*5-5,5@! @5*5-5*! @5*5-5*5, @5*5-5*5* @5@! @5@5,! @5@5* @5@5@ @5@5H! H! -!
/(()&%0120$34555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555! 67&8920%&!:9''1);555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555! <18=>)$93?555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555! A%&)%0&B!$C!2D&!/820$3!EF13GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG! I&3&)1F!A(J&820%&GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG! AK&)120$31F!A(J&820%&4GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG! 67K&82&?!L&49F24GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG5! <&3&C0801)0&4GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG! IF$(1F!<9?>&2GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG! /8D0&%&'&324555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555! /!8$$)?03120$3M!NO6!13?!:2&&)03>!'&8D1304'!?&%&F$K&?555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555! P031F0Q03>!2D&!6RA<SATE/U4!0'KF&'&32120$3!42)12&>;5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555! 6421(F04D'&32!$C!1!8$$)?03120$3!9302!12!RAL/PTV6R/LWGGG55G555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555! E92203>!03!KF18&!2D&!2&8D3081F!K1)23&)4D0KGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG! XD&!IF$(1F!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!EF12C$)'GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG55! XD&!:K&801F0Q&?!V$)=03>!I)$9K4GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG5! E92203>!03!KF18&!2D&!:2&&)03>!R$''022&&GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG! W&C0303>!2D&!K)$J&82!K$)2C$F0$!$C!2D&!<<E!13?!6RA<SATE/555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555! W&%&F$K03>!K)$J&824!13?!C93?!)10403>GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG! W&%&F$K03>!42)12&>08!K1)23&)4D0K4GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG55! W&%&F$K'&32!$C!(0$2&8D3$F$>081F!K)$?9824!2$!&3D138&!1>)089F29)1F!K)$?9820%02;!13?! 8$'K&2020%&3&44!13?!2$!'131>&!>&3&208!)&4$9)8&4!$3!1!49421031(F&!(140455555555555555555555555555555555! XD&!/C)081!\1)%&42!]/C)081!<0$!C$)20C0&?!:$)>D9'!K)$J&82GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG5! XD&!P:E^8$22$3!K)$J&82GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG55! XD&!:P:/!K)$J&82!$3!]:2)&3>2D&303>!81K1802;!C$)!41C&!(0$2&8D3$F$>;!'131>&'&32!03!:9(^ :1D1)1!/C)081_!`:/<SN/aGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG55! E)$J&824!C93?&?!93?&)!2D&!c:/SW!IF$(1F!P$$?!:&89)02;!L&4K$34&!`IP:La!03020120%&GGGGGG55! W&KF$;'&32!$C!LdNe!)&4042132!)08&!%1)0&20&4!2D)$9>D!N1)=&)!/44042&?!:&F&820$3GGGGGGG55! c403>!03!%02)$!20449&!89F29)&!'&2D$?4!2$!K)&4&)%&!'9F20KF;!13?!?042)0(92&!81441%1!892203>4! C)&&!$C!/RNe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c!03020120%&!$3!<0$41C&2;GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG5! XD&!A</N/!K)$J&82GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG55! XD&!V&42!/C)0813!:&&?!E)$>)1'GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG55! R$38F940$3GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG! E&)4K&820%&4GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG55!
!
ii
000! ,! @! H! H! H! H! H! H! -! -! -! -! -! Y! Y! Z! Z! Z! Z! ! [! [! [! ! b! b! ,+! ! ,+! ,,! ,,! ,*! ,*! ,@! ,H! ,H! ,H! ,-! ,-! ,-! ,Y! ,Y! ,Z! ,[! ,[!
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page3
!FF,)%$>#$+:;' //XP!
/C)081!/>)089F29)1F!X&8D3$F$>;!P$93?120$3!
/<:!
/C)0813!<0$^C$)20C0&?!:$)>D9'!K)$J&82!
/RNe!
/C)0813!R1441%1!N$4108!e0)94!
/LR#!
/>)089F29)1F!L&4&1)8D!R$9380F!$C!#0>&)01!
/\<PS!
/C)081!\1)%&42!<0$2&8D!P$93?120$3!S32&)3120$31F!
/LR!
/C)081!L08&!R&32)&!
/c:/SW!
/942)1F013!/>&38;!C$)!S32&)3120$31F!W&%&F$K'&32!
<<E!
<0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!<0$41C&2;!E)$>)1'!$C!RAL/PTV6R/LW!
<6R/!
<0$480&38&4!6142&)3!13?!R&32)1F!/C)081!
RSL/W!
R&32)&!S32&)3120$31F!?&!L&8D&)8D&!/>)08$F&!&3!Wf%&F$KK&'&32!
RSLW6:!
R&32)&! S32&)3120$31F! ?&! L&8D&)8D&! ^! Wf%&F$KK&'&32! 49)! FU6F&%1>&! &3! Q$3&!:9(D9'0?&!
R#L/!
R&32)&!#120$31F!?&!L&8D&)8D&!/>)$3$'0g9&!`Rh2&!?US%$0)&a!
RAL/PTV6R/LW!
R$34&0F!A9&42!&2!R&32)&!/C)08103!K$9)!F1!L&8D&)8D&!&2!F&!Wf%&F$KK&'&32! />)08$F&4T!V&42!13?!R&32)1F!/C)0813!R$9380F!C$)!/>)089F29)1F!L&4&1)8D!13?! W&%&F$K'&32!
RLSTR:SL!
R)$K! L&4&1)8D! S3420292&TR$9380F! C$)! :80&320C08! 13?! S3?942)01F! L&4&1)8D! $C! ID131!
6RAV/:!TR6W6/A!
68$3$'08!R$''9302;!$C!V&42!/C)0813!:212&4!
6RA<SATE/!
6RAV/:! /820$3! EF13! C$)! 2D&! W&%&F$K'&32! $C! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! <0$41C&2;!03!V&42!/C)081!`6RA<SATE/a!
6RAV/E!
6RAV/:!/>)089F29)1F!E$F08;!
P/L/!
P$)9'!K$9)!F1!L&8D&)8D&!/>)08$F&!&3!/C)0g9&!
P:E!
P$3?4! ?&! :$F0?1)02f! E)0$)0210)&! `N03042i)&! ?&4! /CC10)&4! 69)$Kf&33&4! &2! 62)13>i)&!P)13j104a!
I<E!
IF$(1F!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!EF12C$)'!$C!RAL/PTV6R/LW!
IP:L!
IF$(1F!P$$?!:&89)02;!L&4K$34&!
INATIN!
I&3&2081FF;!N$?0C0&?!A)>1304'4!
INR!
IN^R$22$3!
S6L!
S3420292!?U68$3$'0&!L9)1F&!`N1F0a!
S#6L/!
S3420292!#120$31F!?&!FU63%0)$33&'&32!&2!?&4!L&8D&)8D&4!/>)08$F&4!
S#:/\TRSk::!
S3420292! ?9! :1D&FTR$'02f! S32&)^f2124! ?&! k922&! 8$32)&! F1! :f8D&)&44&! 19! :1D&F!
SSX/!
S32&)3120$31F!S3420292&!C$)!X)$K081F!/>)089F29)&!
SLW!
S3420292!?&!L&8D&)8D&!&3!Wf%&F$KK&'&32!
N/:!
N1)=&)!/44042&?!:&F&820$3!
NAc!
N&'$)13?9'!$C!c3?&)4213?03>!
#/L:!
#120$31F!/>)089F29)1F!L&4&1)8D!:;42&'!
#6E/W!
#&B!E1)23&)4D0K!C$)!/C)081U4!W&%&F$K'&32!
#IA!!
#$3^>$%&)3'&32!A)>1304120$3!
c:/SW!
c302&4!:212&4!/>&38;!C$)!S32&)3120$31F!W&%&F$K'&32!
LdNe!
L08&!d&FF$B!N$22F&!e0)94!
:/<SN/!
:2)&3>2D&303>! 81K1802;! C$)! 41C&! (0$2&8D3$F$>;! '131>&'&32! 03! :9(^
iii
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page4
:1D1)1!/C)081! :P:L!
:d#I6#X/!P$93?120$3!C$)!:9421031(F&!/>)089F29)&!
:LA!
:9(!L&>0$31F!A)>1304120$3!
:XR!
:80&320C08!13?!X&8D3081F!R$''022&&!$C!RAL/PTV6R/LW!
:VI!
:K&801F04&?!V$)=03>!I)$9K!
V/! V/<#6X!
V&42!/C)081! V&42!/C)0R13!<0$480&38&4!#&2B$)=!
V/6Nc!
V&42!/C)081!68$3$'08!13?!N$3&21);!c30$3!
'
iv
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page5
5G)"H#$%)';HBB>,&' ! :038&!2D&!:18)1'&32$!`c:/a!:9''02!03!l93&!*++@M!V&42!/C)081!04!&7KF$)03>!B1;4!$C!9403>!1KK)$K)012&F;! (0$2&8D3$F$>;!2$!0'K)$%&!1>)089F29)1F!K)$?9820%02;!13?!)&?98&!392)020$31F!13?!C$$?!034&89)02;!14!B&FF!14! K$%&)2;5!S3!2D04!K&)4K&820%&M!2D&!4&8$3?!6RAV/:!N03042&)01F!R$3C&)&38&!$3!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!<0$41C&2;M! D&F?! 03! <1'1=$! 03! l93&! *++-M! D14! ?&C03&?! 2D&! >F$(1F! $)0&32120$34! $3! 13! /820$3! EF13! 13?! ?&80?&?! 2$! 034202920$31F0Q&! 1! )&>9F1)! '03042&)01F! 8$3C&)&38&! $3! <0$2&8D3$F$>;5! XD&! 8$3C&)&38&! 1F4$! 8$''0440$3&?! 2D&!6RAV/:!8$''0440$3M!03!)&F120$3!B02D!RAL/PTV6R/LW!13?!S#:/\TRSk::M!2$!C031F0Q&!13?!80)89F12&!1! ?&210F&?! /820$3! EF13! C$)! 2D&! 0'KF&'&32120$3! $C! 024! )&8$''&3?120$345! XD&! 6RAV/:! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! <0$41C&2;!EF13!$C!/820$34!`6RA<SATE/a!B14!&F1($)12&?!2D)$9>D!1!K1)2080K12$);!1KK)$18D!03%$F%03>!1!F1)>&! )13>&!$C!421=&D$F?&)4!14!B&FF!14!V/6Nc!13?!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!<0$41C&2;!3&2B$)=4T03020120%&4!1F)&1?;! $K&)1203>!03!2D&!)&>0$35!S24!IF$(1F!8$42!B14!&%1F912&?!12!*Y!*,-!+++!c:!m!C$)!-!;&1)4!?0%0?&?!032$n!0a!,Z! ++-!+++! c:! m! C$)! 2D&! ?&%&F$K'&32! $C! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! K)$?982! 03! 2D&! 6RAV/:! )&>0$3! 2$! 0'K)$%&! 1>)089F29)1F!K)$?9820%02;T8$'K&2020%&3&44!13?!49421031(F;!'131>&!2D&!>&3&208!)&4$9)8&4o!00a!Y!*-+!+++!c:! m!C$)!2D&!?&%&F$K'&32!13?!2D&!0'KF&'&32120$3!$C!1!)&>0$31F!1KK)$18D!2$!<0$41C&2;M!13?o!000a!*!bY+!+++!c:! m! C$)! K92203>! 03! KF18&! 12! 2D&! )&>0$31F! F&%&F! 13! &CC080&32! '&8D1304'! C$)! R$$)?03120$3M! N$302$)03>M! 6%1F9120$3M! A92)&18D! 13?! P93?03>! $C! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! <0$41C&2;! 1820%020&45! S2! B14! %1F0?12&?! (;! 2D&! )&>0$31F! 13?! 3120$31F! &7K&)24! 13?! 1?$K2&?! 2D&)&1C2&)! (;! 2D&! N03042&)4! ?9)03>! 2D&! @)?! N03042&)01F! R$3C&)&38&!D&F?!03!N1;!*++ZM!03!/88)1!`ID131a5! ! S3! 2D&! %0&B! $C! 024! 4K&80C08! '13?12&! 03! 2D&! )&>0$3! 13?! 03! 1KKF08120$3! $C! 2D&! />)089F29)1F! L&4&1)8D! R$$K&)120$3! />)&&'&32! 40>3&?! (&2B&&3! 2D&! 2B$! 034202920$34! 03! 2D&! **3?! W&8&'(&)! *++-M! RAL/PTV6R/LW!B14!8$''0440$3&?!(;!6RAV/:!2$!8$$)?0312&!2D&!0'KF&'&32120$3!$C!2D&!EF13!2D)$9>D! 024!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!<0$41C&2;!E)$>)1'!`<<Ea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c302!B14!4&2!12! 2D&! RAL/PTV6R/LW! 67&8920%&! :&8)&21)012! 03! *++Z5! S3! 1??020$3M! 1! IF$(1F! EF12C$)'! C$)! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! `IE<a! 8$'K$4&?! B02D! )&K)&4&32120%&4! $C! 2D&! **! RAL/PTV6R/LW! N&'(&)! 8$932)0&4! `038F9?03>! 1FF! 2D&! 6RAV/:! 4212&4a! 13?! $CC0801FF;! 1KK$032&?! C$81F! K&)4$34! $C! S32&)3120$31F! />)089F29)1F! L&4&1)8D! R&32&)4! `S/LR4aM!/>)089F29)1F!L&4&1)8D!S34202920$34!`/LS4a!13?!'1J$)!?&%&F$K'&32!K1)23&)4M!B14!&421(F04D&?5!P$9)! :K&801F0Q&?!V$)=03>!I)$9K!`EF132!<0$2&8D3$F$>;M!/30'1F!<0$2&8D3$F$>;M!<0$41C&2;!13?!R$''9308120$3a! B&)&!8$3420292&4!$92!$C!2D&!I<E!2$!B$)=!$3!2D&!4K&80C08!)&>0$31F!(0$2&8D3$F$>;!0449&45!XD&4&!0342)9'&324! D1%&! C93820$3&?! ?9)03>! 2D&! *++Z^*++b! K&)0$?! 2$! ?&C03&! 2D&! K)0$)02;! K)$J&824! K$)2C$F0$! $C! 2D&! EF13M! ?&%&F$K!?&210F&?!4K&80C08!K)$J&824!13?!K1)2080K12&!03!2D&0)!0'KF&'&32120$35!V02D!2D&!49KK$)2!$C! %1)0$94! ?$3$)4M!2B&F%&!`,*a!)&>0$31F!K)$J&824M!03%$F%03>!12!F&142!@!8$932)0&4!&18D!13?!8$%&)03>!1FF!2D&!,-!6RAV/:! N&'(&)!:212&4M!B&)&!?&%&F$K&?!13?!1)&!89))&32F;!(&03>!0'KF&'&32&?!C$)!1!2$21F!(9?>&2!&78&&?03>!,Y! '0FF0$3! m! c:! `038F9?03>! c:/SW! C93?&?! :21KF&! R)$K! 13?! :&&?! E)$>)1'4a5! :2)12&>08! K1)23&)4D0K4! B&)&! ?&%&F$K&?! B02D! ?&%&F$K'&32! K1)23&)4M! )&4&1)8D! 034202920$34! 13?! $2D&)! 421=&D$F?&)4! 03! $)?&)! 2$! &349)&! 2D&! C9FF! K1)2080K120$3! $C! 1FF! 03! 2D&! EF13! 0'KF&'&32120$35! N$)&! 2D13! -+! 49(! 8$32)1824! B&)&! 40>3&?! B02D! 3120$31F!034202920$34!C$)!2D&!EF13U4!0'KF&'&32120$35! ! S3!2&)'4!$C!2&8D3$F$>;!?&KF$;'&32M!2D&!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!<0$41C&2;!K)$>)1'!D1%&!0'KF&'&32&?!4&%&)1F! K)$J&824! 13?! 8$3?982&?! C0&F?! 2&42&4! $3! %1)0$94! 8)$K4! `R1441%1M! R$22$3M! R$BK&1M! L08&M! N10Q&M! N0FF&2M! :$)>D9'M! d1'a! 13?! 2&8D3$F$>0&4! `N$F&89F1)! ()&&?03>M! X0449&! 89F29)&M! I&3&208! X)134C$)'120$3M! E$42^ 1
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page6
D1)%&42! 2&8D3$F$>0&4a5! /FF! 2D&4&! K)$J&824! D1%&! 40>30C08132F;! 0'K182&?! 2D&! F0%&F0D$$?! $C! 2D&! 21)>&2&?! K$K9F120$345! ! /! )&>0$31F! <0$41C&2;! L&>9F120$3! BD08D! 03%$F%&?! 2D&! @! 49(^)&>0$31F! 034202920$34! `6RAV/:M! V/6Nc! 13?! RSk::a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
2
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page7
5678!9'<=>:'+?'!"#$+:;'?+,'#@)'A)%)=+*B):#'+?'C$+#)"@:+=+D&'>:E'C$+;>?)#&'$:' 8);#'!?,$">'I567CJ7K<!L! "##$%!"#&'!()*+,+*-!./012*! 2M C>"ND,+H:E' !
!
W9)03>! 2D&! F142! 2B&32;! ;&1)4M! 2D&! ?&%&F$K'&32! $C! (0$2&8D3$F$>;! D14! 40>30C08132F;! 0'K)$%&?! 2D&! 93?&)4213?03>!$C!F0%03>!4K&80&45!XD&!=3$BF&?>&!>&3&)12&?!D1%&!8$32)0(92&?!2$!2D&!?&%&F$K'&32!$C!'$)&! &CC080&32! 2&8D3$F$>0&4! C$)! (&22&)! 8D1)182&)0Q120$3! 13?! 8$34&)%120$3! $C! 4K&80&4! 13?! 1F4$! 1FF$B&?! 2D&! ?&%&F$K'&32!$C!3&B!'&2D$?4!C$)!2D&!8$32)$F!$C!?04&14&4!13?!(0$208!8$342)10324!1CC&8203>!89F20%12&?!KF132! 4K&80&4! 13?! 130'1F4! ()&&?45! ! #$B1?1;4M! '$42! $C! 2D&! 8$''$3! (0$2&8D3$F$>0&4! 94&?! 2$! 0'K)$%&! 1>)089F29)1F! K)$?9820%02;! 1)&! B&FF! '142&)&?! 13?! 1)&! B0?&4K)&1?5! c3C$)29312&F;M! 2D&;! 1)&! 420FF! 3$2! 89))&32F;!1KKF0&?!03!1>)089F29)1F!)&4&1)8D!13?!?&%&F$K'&32!K)$>)1'4!03!V&42!/C)081M!&%&3!2D$9>D!'$42! &7K&)24! 1>)&&! 2D12! '$?&)3! (0$2&8D3$F$>;! 813! 40>30C08132F;! 8$32)0(92&! 2$! 2D&! 18D0&%&'&32! $C! 2D&! ?&%&F$K'&32!>$1F4!?&C03&?!B02D03!2D&!3120$31F!1>)089F29)1F!K)$?9820%02;!C)1'&B$)=4!14!B&FF!14!)&>0$31F! K$F080&4!498D!14!2D&!6RAV/:!/>)089F29)1F!E$F08;!`6RAV/Ea5!:038&!2D&!:18)1'&32$!`c:/a!:9''02!03!l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n!,a!1!E9(F08!S3C$)'120$3!:&)%08&!$3!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!03!V&42! /C)081M!*a!1!K1)23&)4D0K!(&2B&&3!2D&!V&42!/C)0813!L&4&1)8D!S34202920$34!13?!2D&0)!8$932&)K1)24!C)$'!2D&! 3$)2D&)3!8$932)0&4M!K1)2089F1)F;!B02D!2D$4&!C)$'!2D&!c:/M!@a!1!V&42!/C)0813!R&32)&!$C!<0$2&8D3$F$>;5!XD&! 8$3C&)&38&! 1F4$! ?&80?&?! 2$! $)>130Q&! 1! N03042&)01F! R$3C&)&38&! $3! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 93?&)! 2D&! 194K08&! $C! 6RAV/:!03!$)?&)!2$!1?$K2!2D&!C)1'&B$)=!$3!13!/820$3!EF13!2$!K)$'$2&!(0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!D1)'$30Q&! )&>9F120$34!$3!(0$41C&2;M!13?!034202920$31F0Q&!1!V&42!/C)0813!N03042&)01F!R$3C&)&38&!$3!<0$2&8D3$F$>;M!14! 1! C0)42! 42&K! 2$B1)?! 2D&! 8)&120$3! $C! 13! /C)0813! N03042&)01F! R$3C&)&38&5! S3! 2D04! K&)4K&820%&M! 2D&! 4&8$3?! 6RAV/:! N03042&)01F! R$3C&)&38&! $3! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! <0$41C&2;M! D&F?! 03! <1'1=$! 03! l93&! *++-M! D14! ?&C03&?! 2D&! >F$(1F! $)0&32120$34! $3! 13! /820$3! EF13! 13?! ?&80?&?! 2$! 034202920$31F0Q&! 1! )&>9F1)! '03042&)01F! 8$3C&)&38&!$3!<0$2&8D3$F$>;5!XD&!8$3C&)&38&!1F4$!8$''0440$3&?!2D&!6RAV/:!8$''0440$3M!03!)&F120$3! B02D! RAL/PTV6R/LW! 13?! S#:/\TRSk::M! 2$! C031F0Q&! 13?! 80)89F12&! 1! ?&210F&?! /820$3! EF13! C$)! 2D&! 0'KF&'&32120$3! $C! 024! )&8$''&3?120$345! XD&! 6RAV/:! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! <0$41C&2;! EF13! $C! /820$34! `6RA<SATE/a!B14!&F1($)12&?!2D)$9>D!1!K1)2080K12$);!1KK)$18D!03%$F%03>!1!F1)>&!)13>&!$C!421=&D$F?&)4!14! B&FF!14!V/6Nc!13?!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!<0$41C&2;!3&2B$)=4T03020120%&4!1F)&1?;!$K&)1203>!03!2D&!)&>0$35!S2! B14!%1F0?12&?!(;!2D&!)&>0$31F!13?!3120$31F!&7K&)24!13?!1?$K2&?!2D&)&1C2&)!(;!2D&!N03042&)4!?9)03>!2D&! @)?!N03042&)01F!R$3C&)&38&!D&F?!03!N1;!*++ZM!03!/88)1!`ID131a5! S3! 2D&! %0&B! $C! 024! 4K&80C08! '13?12&! 03! 2D&! )&>0$3! 13?! 03! 1KKF08120$3! $C! 2D&! />)089F29)1F! L&4&1)8D! R$$K&)120$3! />)&&'&32! 40>3&?! (&2B&&3! 2D&! 2B$! 034202920$34! 03! 2D&! **3?! W&8&'(&)! *++-M! RAL/PTV6R/LW!B14!8$''0440$3&?!(;!6RAV/:!2$!8$$)?0312&!2D&!0'KF&'&32120$3!$C!2D&!EF13!2D)$9>D! 024! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! <0$41C&2;! E)$>)1''&! `<<Ea5! XD04! ?$89'&32! )&K$)24! $3! 2D&! 4212&! $C! Ministerial Summit on Sciences and Technology, Sacramento, USA June 2003. !West African Regional conference on “Mastering Science and Technology to increase agricultural productivity in 2 !West African Regional conference on “Mastering Science and Technology to increase agricultural productivity in Africa: perspectives for West Africa”, Ouagadougou, June 2004. 1 2
3
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page8
0'KF&'&32120$3! $C! 2D&! 6RA<SATE/! 4038&! 024! 1KK)$%1F! (;! 6RAV/:! N03042&)4! 03! 8D1)>&! $C! />)089F29)&M! 63%0)$3'&32!13?!:80&320C08!L&4&1)8D!03!N1;!*++Z5!
.M 7%),%$)O'+?'#@)'!"#$+:'<>:' ! .M2 P):),>='7FQ)"#$%)' XD&! =&;! $(J&820%&! $C! 2D&! /820$3! KF13! 04! 2$! K)$'$2&! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! B02D03! 2D&! 6RAV/:! 1)&1! 03! $)?&)! 2$! 8$32)0(92&! 2$! 18D0&%03>! 2D&! 6RAV/:! 1>)089F29)1F! K$F08;! `6RAV/Ea! >$1F4n! K9)4902! $C! 49421031(F&! C$$?! 4&89)02;M!&8$3$'08!13?!4$801F!?&%&F$K'&32!13?!)&?9820$3!$C!K$%&)2;!03!2D&!N&'(&)!:212&45! ! .M. 7*),>#$+:>='7FQ)"#$%);' XD&!/820$3!KF13!D14!(&&3!1440>3&?!2D)&&!$K&)120$31F!$(J&820%&4n!!! :&2203>!9K!2D&!R$$)?03120$3M!NO6!13?!:2&&)03>!'&8D1304'4M!C$)!2D&!/820$3!EF13! W&%&F$K'&32!$C!(0$2&8D3$F$>081F!K)$?9824!2$!&3D138&!1>)089F29)1F!K)$?9820%02;!13?!8$'K&2020%&3&44! 13?!2$!'131>&!>&3&208!)&4$9)8&4!$3!1!49421031(F&!(1404!! W&%&F$K'&32!$C!1!)&>0$31F!1KK)$18D!2$!(0$41C&2;!! ! .MR 5G*)"#)E'();H=#;' XD&!C$FF$B03>!)&49F24!1)&!&7K&82&?!C)$'!2D&!0'KF&'&32120$3!$C!2D&!/820$34!EF13n! /!R$$)?03120$3!13?!:2&&)03>!c302!`R:ca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n!0a!1!C)1'&B$)=!C$)!2D&!0?&320C08120$3!$C!K)0$)02;!8$342)10324! 04!&421(F04D&?o!00a!C)902C9F!K1)23&)4D0K4!(&2B&&3!2D&!'103!421=&D$F?&)4!$C!2D&!K9(F08!13?!K)0%12&!4&82$)4! 1)&!&421(F04D&?o!000a!F&>04F120$34!)&F12&?!2$!032&FF&8291F!K)$K&)2;!13?!4&&?!4;42&'4!1)&!42)&3>2D&3&?!03!2D&! '&'(&)! 8$932)0&4o! 0%a! $K&)12$)4! 1)&! 2)103&?! 03! 2D&! %1)0$94! 14K&824! $C! (0$2&8D3$F$>;! 1KKF08120$34o! %a! &3?$>&3$94! )&4&1)8D! 04! &38$9)1>&?! 2$! 8)&12&! 1! ?;31'08! 1FF$B03>! 81K29)03>! 2D&! )&>0$31F! 13?! 032&)3120$31F!'1)=&2o!%0a!)&F&%132!4$80$^&8$3$'08!429?0&4!1)&!8$3?982&?!2$!K)$%&!2D&!K$4020%&!&CC&824!$C! 2D&!?&%&F$K'&32!$C!2D&!(0$2&8D3$F$>;!4&82$)5! ! .M3 P=+F>='CHED)#' XD&!IF$(1F!8$42!$C!2D&!/820$34!EF13!B14!&%1F912&?!12!*Y!*,-!+++!c:!m!C$)!-!;&1)4!038F9?03>n!0a!,Z!++-!+++! c:! m! C$)! 2D&! ?&%&F$K'&32! $C! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! K)$?982! 03! 2D&! 6RAV/:! )&>0$3! 2$! 0'K)$%&! 1>)089F29)1F! K)$?9820%02;T8$'K&2020%&3&44! 13?! 49421031(F;! '131>&! 2D&! >&3&208! )&4$9)8&4o! 00a! Y!*-+!+++! c:! m! C$)! 2D&! ?&%&F$K'&32! 13?! 2D&! 0'KF&'&32120$3! $C! 1! )&>0$31F! 1KK)$18D! 03! <0$41C&2;M! 13?! 000a! *!bY+!+++! c:! m! C$)! K92203>! 03! KF18&! 12! 2D&! )&>0$31F! F&%&F! 13! &CC080&32! '&8D1304'! C$)! R$$)?03120$3M! N$302$)03>M! 6%1F9120$3M! A92)&18D!13?!P93?03>!$C!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!<0$41C&2;!1820%020&45!
4
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page9
! RM !"@$)%)B):#;'' !
RM2 '!'6++,E$:>#$+:T'UV5'>:E'9#)),$:D'B)"@>:$;B;'E)%)=+*)E' '
34&4& 5+678+9+6:!*;/!<=>?@>AB(CD!+E08/E/6*7*+16!D*27*/:-! P$FF$B03>! 2D&! C$)'1F! 1?$K20$3! $C! 2D&! /820$34! EF13! (;! 6RAV/:! N03042&)4! 03! N1;! *++ZM! 1! 2)0K1)202&! `6RAV/:M! S#:/\TRSk::! 13?! RAL/PTV6R/LWa! '&&203>! B14! D&F?! 12! 6RAV/:! D&1?g91)2&)! 03! /(9J1! `#0>&)01a!2D&!*,42!13?!**3?!/9>942!*++ZM!2$!C031F0Q&!$K&)120$31F!KF134!?&%&F$K&?!(;!RAL/PTV6R/LW!13?! S#:/\TRSk::!C$)!2D&!;&1)!*++[5!XD&!'&&203>!)&8$''&3?&?!2D&!9)>&32!'$(0F0Q120$3!$C!1!2$21F!$C!m!Z![,Z! +++! 038F9?03>! 13! 6RAV/:! 8$32)0(920$3! &420'12&?! 12! c:! m! *!,+*! +++! `*Zp! $C! 2D&! 2$21F! (9?>&2a! C$)! 2D&! 0''&?012&!F1938D03>!$C!2D&!K)$>)1'!1820%020&45!6RAV/:!8$32)0(920$3!B&)&!KF133&?!2$!21=&!032$!188$932M! 14K&824! $C! 2D&! /820$34! EF13! ?&1F03>! B02D! 81K1802;! 42)&3>2D&303>5! XD&! K)0$)02;! 1820%020&4! B&)&n! 0a! S34202920$31F!49KK$)2!2$!RAL/PTV6R/LW!C$)!2D&!0'KF&'&32120$3!$C!2D&!EF13o!00a!X)10303>!$C!480&320C08!13?! 2&8D3081F!K&)4$33&F!03!<0$2&8D3$F$>;M!000a!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!)&4&1)8D!R1K1802;!:2)&3>2D&303>!$C!#120$31F!13?! L&>0$31F!S34202920$34o!0%a!E92203>!03!KF18&!8$'K&2020%&!C93?4!2$!8$3?982!(1408!13?!1KKF0&?!(0$2&8D3$F$>;! )&4&1)8D! 03! F1($)12$)0&4! 13?! R&32)&4! $C! 678&FF&38&4! $C! 2D&! )&>0$3! 13?o! %a! 6%1F91203>! 4$80$^! &8$3$'08! 0'K1824! $C! IN! K)$?9824! 03! 2D&! )&>0$35! /! '&'$)13?9'! $92F0303>! 2D&! 1820%020&4! 13?! (9?>&24! C$)! 2D&! K)0$)02;! 1820%020&4! B14! &F1($)12&?! (;! RAL/PT! V6R/LW! 13?! K)&4&32&?! 12! 2D&! 6RAV/:! X&8D3081F! R$''022&&! N&&203>! $3! P$$?! 13?! />)089F29)&M! 03! A91>1?$9>$9! `-^! [! #$%&'(&)! *++Za! B02D! 1! )&%04&?! (9?>&2! $C! c:! m! *!Z++!+++5! XD&! K)$K$4&?! 1820%020&4! 13?! (9?>&2! B&)&! 1?$K2&?! F12&)! $3M! (;! 2D&! 6RAV/:! N03042&)4!$C!/>)089F29)&5!W9)03>!2D&!H2D!2)0'&42&)!$C!*++[M!2D&!RAL/P!67&8920%&!:&8)&21)012!C$FF$B&?!9K! $3!2D&!1?%138&4!'1?&!12!6RAV/:!F&%&F!C$)!2D&!?04(9)4&'&32!$C!2D&!K)$J&82!C93?45!P03&^293&?!V$)=!EF13! (9?>&24!B&)&!49(4&g9&32F;!49('022&?!2$!6RAV/:!13?!188&K2&?!`/(9J1M!,Y^,[!'1)4!*++ba5!\$B&%&)M!1! C0)42!?04(9)4&'&32!$C!b+bMbYH!cR!`c:!m!,M@b+M+++a!8$9F?!(&!&CC&820%&M!$3F;!03!W&8&'(&)!*++b!`4&&!?&210F4! 03!8D1K2&)!@5,a5!! ' 34&4" <D*7F8+D;E/6*!1G!7!=112H+67*+16!I6+*!7*!=>.(5AJ<=(.K! S''&?012&F;! 1C2&)! 2D&! N03042&)01F! 8$3C&)&38&! 03! N1;! *++ZM! RAL/PTV6R/LW! D0)&?! 1! N131>&)! C$)! 024! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! <0$41C&2;! E)$>)1''&! BD$! B14! 2D&)&1C2&)! C$)'1FF;! 1KK$032&?! 2$! 8$$)?0312&! 2D&! 6RA<SATE/5!/!R$$)?03120$3!c302!`Rca!C$)!2D&!EF13!B14!2D&3!K92!03!EF18&!12!RAL/PTV6R/LW!B02D03!2D&! C)1'&B$)=!$C!2D&!RAL/PTV6R/LW!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!<0$41C&2;!E)$>)1'!`RVT<<Ea5!XD&!<<E!(&3&C02&?! C)$'! 1! c:/SW! 49KK$)2! 03! *++[! 2$! 1FF$B! 2D&! 4&2203>! 9K! $C! 2D&! 6RA<SATE/! R$$)?03120$3! c302! 12! RAL/PTV6R/LW! 67&8920%&! :&8)&21)012! 03! W1=1)5! XD&! $928$'&4! $C! 2D04! c:/SW! 49KK$)2! BD08D! >F$(1F! (9?>&2! B14! m! ,[+!+++! 038F9?&n! ,a! XD&! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! <0$41C&2;! E)$>)1'! R$$)?03120$3! c302! 04! &421(F04D&?! 13?! C93820$31F! 12! RAL/PTV6R/LW! :&8)&21)012o! *a! /! )&>0$31F! B$)=4D$K! 2$! %1F0?12&! 2D&! RAL/PTV6R/LW! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! <0$41C&2;! 8$''9308120$3! 42)12&>;! B14! D&F?o! @a! /! 3120$31F! 4&34020Q120$3!B$)=4D$K!$3!(0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!(0$41C&2;!B14!D&F?!03!A91>1?$9>$9o!Ha!XD)&&!`@a!R$38&K2! 3$2&4! C$)! 0?&320C0&?! K)0$)02;! )&4&1)8D! 1)&14! B&)&! ?&%&F$K&?! 13?! 49('022&?! 2$! c:/SW! C$)! 1??020$31F! C93?03>5! /C)081! L08&! R&32&)! B14! 1F4$! 49KK$)2&?! C$)! 2D&! ?044&'03120$3! $C! %0)94^)&4042132! )08&! %1)0&20&4! ?&%&F$K&?!2D)$9>D!N/:!03!H!V/!8$932)0&4!`<9)=031!P14$M!2D&!I1'(01M!I903&1!13?!N1F0a5!! XD&! C0)42! K)0$)02;! $C! 2D&! Rc! B14! 2$! ?&%&F$K! 2D&! &3%0)$3'&32! 8$3?980%&! C$)! 2D&! 0'KF&'&32120$3! $C! 2D&! EF135!XD94M!1KK)$K)012&!034202920$31F!0342)9'&324!B&)&!K92!03!KF18&M!2D&!EF13U4!K)0$)02;!K)$J&82! K$)2C$F0$! B14!?&C03&?!13?!C93?4!B&)&!)104&?!C$)!2D&!0'KF&'&32120$3!$C!4$'&!$C!2D&4&!K)$J&8245! !
34&43 BI**+6:!+6!087)/!*;/!*/);6+)78!B72*6/2D;+0! W9)03>! 1! E)$>)1'! F1938D03>! B$)=4D$K! C93?&?! B02D! 2D&! 49KK$)2! $C! c:/SW! 13?! D&F?! 03! :&3&>1F! `:1F;^ E$)29?1FM!P&()91);!*Z^*bM!*++baM!1!IF$(1F!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!EF12C$)'!`I<Ea!13?!:K&801F0Q&?!V$)=03>!I)$9K4! `:VIa! B&)&! K92! 03! KF18&! 2$! 49KK$)2! 2D&! 8$$)?03120$3! 1820%020&4! $C! 2D&! <<E! N131>&)5! 618D! $C! 2D$4&!
5
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page10
B$)=03>! 0342)9'&324! 8$'K)04&4! C$)'1FF;! 3$'0312&?! )&K)&4&32120%&4! $C! 2D&! #120$31F! />)089F29)1F! L&4&1)8D! :;42&'4! `#/L:a! $C! 6RAV/:M! S32&)3120$31F! />)089F29)1F! L&4&1)8D! S34202920$34! `S/LRa! 13?! /?%138&?!L&4&1)8D!S3420292&4!`/LSa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`?&%&F$K!)&4&1)8D!K)$J&824M!8$3?982!429?0&4M!&285a5! ()*)()< #+,'#=>'32$.2?'@#A/8B2%4#-8/C>D#:=A-;# XD&! :VI4! 1)&! 2&8D3081F! >)$9K4! 2D12! (18=! 9K! 2D&! 1820%020&4! $C! 2D&! <<E! N131>&)! K1)2089F1)F;! 03n! 0a! 8$$)?031203>!2D&!8$'K&2020%&!>)132!)&4&1)8D!K)$K$41F!49('0440$3M!4&F&820$3!13?!'$302$)03>!K)$8&44&4M!00a! 0?&320C;03>! K)0$)02;! 2D&'&4! 13?! 034202920$34! C$)! 8$''0440$3&?! )&4&1)8D! 1820%020&4! 2$! (&! K)$K$4&?! 2$! RAL/PTV6R/LW!:80&320C08!13?!X&8D3081F!R$''022&&!`:XRao!000a!8$$)?031203>!13?!'$302$)03>!2D&!1820%020&4! $C! 2D&! <<E! 3120$31F! C$81F! K$0324M! #/L:! 8$'K$3&324M! <14&! 8&32)&4M! R&32)&4! $C! &78&FF&38&! 13?! 480&320C08! K1)23&)4! 03%$F%&?! 03! 2D&! 0'KF&'&32120$3! $C! 2D&! <<E! 1820%020&4! 13?o! 0%a! K)$K$403>! 2$! RAL/PTV6R/LW! ^! :XRM!2&)'4!$C!)&C&)&38&4!13?!8)02&)01!2D12!B0FF!(&!94&?!03!0?&320C;03>!2D&!<<E!<14&!R&32)&4!13?!R&32)&4!$C! 678&FF&38&4!$3!1!8$'K&2020%&!(14045!XD&!:VI4!1)&!8$'K$4&?!'$42F;!B02D!'&'(&)4!4&F&82&?!B02D03!2D&! I<E!(92!1F4$!8$'K)04&!$2D&)!421=&D$F?&)4!498D!14!)&K)&4&32120%&4!$C!L&>0$31F!68$3$'08!13?T$)!E$F02081F! A)>1304120$34!13?!W&%&F$K'&32!E1)23&)45!P$9)!`Ha!:VI4!1)&!89))&32F;!C93820$31Fn!,a!XD&!<0$41C&2;!VI! 130'12&?!(;!S#:/\TRSk::o!*a!XD&! /30'1F!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!VI!F&?!(;!RSLW6:o!@a!XD&!EF132!<0$2&8D3$F$>;! VI! 8$^?0)&82&?! (;! R#L/! `Rh2&! ?US%$0)&! 13?! /LR#! `#0>&)01a! 13?o! Ha! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! <0$41C&2;! R$''9308120$3!VI!130'12&?!(;!2D&!V/<#6X5!X1(F&!,!(&F$B!4D$B4!2D&!034202920$34!)&K)&4&32&?!03!&18D! B$)=03>! >)$9K! 14! 02! B14! ?&80?&?! ?9)03>! :1F;^E$)29?1F! '&&203>5! XD&! 1820%020&4! $C! 1FF! 2D&4&! :VI! 1)&! 8$$)?0312&?!13?!49K&)%04&?!(;!RVT<<E5! X1(F&!,n!R$'K$4020$3!$C!2D&!:K&801F0Q&?!V$)=03>!I)$9K4! ' U)BF),'J:;#$#H#$+:;' 65(!!9K'9):)D>=' C$+%),;$#&'J:#M'K'C):$:' !A(!718!(A!K'C):$:' JX(!CK'C):$:' JX5(!K'CH,N$:>'Y>;+' 6X(!A!K'U>H,$#>:$>' 6X5(ZK'U>H,$#>:$>' 6J(A59K'CH,N$:>'Y>;+' J9(!K'9):)D>=' J5(KU>=$' J(!PKPH$:)>' JX(!XKX$D),' J[6KP>BF$>' JX9!\16J]99KU>=$' X(JK'^_' 6J(!AK'Y,>:")' J(AK'Y,>:")' X!(JKP>BF$>' !(6XKX$D),$>' J[(!K[+D+' 6!(JK]$F),$>' 8!CX5[' JXJA!K6>*'Z),E)' ^6!A1CZK'9):)D>=' 9]!(JK'9$),,>'])+:)' 69J(KP@>:>' 6X(!K6`#)'EaJ%+$,)'
C$+;>?)#&' ' ' G' ' G' G' ' G' G' G' G' ' ' G' ' G' G' ' G' G' ' G' ' G' G' G' G'
J:?+M'>:E'6+BM' ' ' G' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' G' ' ' G' G' ' G' ' G' G' ' G' ' G' G' ' '
9*)"$>=$W)E'8+,N$:D'P,+H*;' !:$B>='C$+#)"@:+=+D&' ' ' ' ' G' ' G' G' G' G' G' ' G' ' ' G' ' ' G' G' ' ' ' ' ' G' '
<=>:#'C$+#)"@:+=+D&' G' G' G' G' G' G' ' ' G' G' G' G' ' ' G' G' G' G' G' G' G' ' G' G' G' G' G'
6
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page11
! 34&4L BI**+6:!+6!087)/!*;/!M*//2+6:!=1EE+**//! /! :2&&)03>! R$''022&&! C$)! 2D&! EF13U4! 0'KF&'&32120$3! B14! K92! 03! KF18&! (;! 2D&! />)089F29)&M! 63%0)$3'&32! 13?!V12&)!W&K1)2'&32!$C!6RAV/:!R$''0440$3!03!N1;!*+,@5!XD&!'&'(&)4D0K!$C!2D&!:R!04!14!C$FF$B4n! - XD&! R$''0440$3&)! C$)! />)089F29)&M! 63%0)$3'&32! 13?! V12&)! L&4$9)8&4M! 6RAV/:! R$''0440$3o! RD10)'13! - W0)&82$)!$C!/>)089F29)&M!6RAV/:!R$''0440$3! - W0)&82$)!$C!63%0)$3'&32M!6RAV/:!R$''0440$3! - W0)&82$)!$C!6?98120$3M!R9F29)&M!:80&38&!13?!X&8D3$F$>;M!6RAV/:!R$''0440$3! - W0)&82$)!$C!L&4&1)8D!13?!:212042084M!6RAV/:!R$''0440$3! - E)$>)1''&!N131>&)M!<0$2&8D3$F$>;T<0$41C&2;!E)$>)1'M!RAL/PTV6R/LW! - R$$)?0312$)!$C!<0$41C&2;!E)$>)1''&M!RSk::! - L&K)&4&32120%&!$C!#6E/W!/C)0813!S3020120%&!$3!<0$480&38&4! - L&K)&4&32120%&!$C!SSX/! - L&K)&4&32120%&!$C!RSLW6:! - L&K)&4&32120%&!$C!/C)0813!W&%&F$K'&32!<13=! - L&K)&4&32120%&!$C!c:/SW! - L&K)&4&32120%&!$C!! - W0)&82$)!I&3&)1FM!R#L/M!Rh2&!?US%$0)&!`)&K)&4&3203>!#/L:a! - E)&40?&32!$C!LAEE/! - L&K)&4&32120%&!$C!P&?&)120$3!$C!V&42!/C)0813!RD1'(&)4!$C!R$''&)8&! ! 34&4' K/G+6+6:!*;/!B21N/)*!B12*G18+1!1G!*;/!??B!76H!<=>?@>AB(! S3!1??020$3!2$!2D&!B$)=03>!0342)9'&324M!2D&!:1F;^E$)29?1F!`:&3&>1Fa!B$)=4D$K!1F4$!1FF$B&?!2$n!,a!$CC0801FF;! F1938D! 2D&! 1820%020&4! $C! 2D&! IE<! 13?! :VI4M! *a! )&%0&B! 2D&! $3^>$03>! 03020120%&4! 03! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! <0$41C&2;! 03! 2D&! )&>0$3M! @a! 0?&320C;! K)0$)02;! K)$J&824! 13?! ?&C03&! 2D&! E<<! K$)2C$F0$! $C! K)$J&824! C$)! 2D&! -! 9K8$'03>!;&1)4M!Ha!?&2&)'03&!2D&!C93?03>!'&8D1304'4!C$)!2D&!0?&320C0&?!K)0$)02;!K)$J&824M!-a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m!c:!B&)&!'$(0F0Q&?!C$)!2D&!/820$34!EF13!0'KF&'&32120$35! ' 34&4$ K/,/810+6:!D*27*/:+)!072*6/2D;+0D! /4!03?0812&?!1($%&M!4&%&)1F!?&%&F$K'&32!K1)23&)4!D1%&!8$32)0(92&?!03!C0313803>!)&>0$31F!(0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! (0$41C&2;! )&4&1)8D! K)$J&824! B02D03! 2D&! C)1'&! $C! 2D&! 6RA<SATE/5! S3! >&3&)1FM! RAL/PTV6R/LW! D14! 40>3&?! R$$K&)120%&! 1>)&&'&324! B02D! '1J$)! ?$3$)4! 498D! 14! 2D&! c:/SWM! 2D&! WPSWM! 2D&! 6cM! 2D&! /c:/SWM! V/6Nc! 13?! 6RAV/:! BD08D! 038F9?&4! 4$'&! 49KK$)2! C$)! 2D&! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 1820%020&45! :0'0F1)F;M! 8$3%&320$34!B&)&!40>3&?!B02D!8F144081F!69)$K&13!)&4&1)8D!034202920$34!K1)23&)4!498D!14!RSL/WM!SLWM!13?! /ILAEAk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
7
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page12
' RM. 'A)%)=+*B):#' +?' F$+#)"@:+=+D$">=' *,+EH"#;' #+' ):@>:")' >D,$"H=#H,>=' *,+EH"#$%$#&' >:E' "+B*)#$#$%):);;'>:E'#+'B>:>D)'D):)#$"',);+H,");'+:'>';H;#>$:>F=)'F>;$;' # :&%&)1F! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! K)$?9824! $)! K)$8&44&4! B&)&! ?&%&F$K&?M! 1?$K2&?M! 1?1K2&?! 13?T$)! K)$'$2&?! B02D03!2D&!C)1'&B$)=!$C!2D&!6RA<SATE/!2D)$9>D!2D&!0'KF&'&32120$3!$C!%1)0$94!K)$J&824n! # 34"4& !P;/!(G2+)7!Q72,/D*!!R(G2+)76!?+1%G12*+G+/H!M12:;IES!021N/)*! /! N&'$)13?9'! $C! c3?&)4213?03>! `NAca! B14! 40>3&?! (&2B&&3! RAL/PTV6R/LW! 13?! /C)081! \1)%&42! <0$2&8D! P$93?120$3! S32&)3120$31FM! S385! `/\<PSa! BD08D! ?&40>312&! RAL/PTV6R/LW! 14! 1! 49(^! 8$32)18203>! )&>0$31F!1>&38;!C$)!2D&!0'KF&'&32120$3!$C!2D&!1820%020&4!$C!2D&!/<:! K)$J&82! 03! <9)=031! P14$5! XD04! B14! 1! @! ;&1)4! K)$J&82! B02D! 1! 2$21F! (9?>&2! &%1F912&?! 12! m! ,--! *-+! `m! -,! Z-+T! ;&1)a5! /820%020&4! 8$3?982&?!B02D03!2D&!C)1'&B$)=!$C!2D&!/<:!K)$J&82!038F9?&n!,a!2D&! K)&K1)120$3!13?!K)&4&32120$3!$C!)&>9F1)!()0&C03>4!2$!K$F08;!'1=&)4! 13?! >$%&)3'&32! $CC0801F4! $3! 2D&! 3&&?! 2$! 1KKF;! (0$2&8D3$F$>;M! K1)2089F1)F;! >&3&208! '$?0C08120$3! 2&8D3$F$>0&4! 2$! 0'K)$%&! /C)0813! 03?0>&3$94!8)$K4!F0=&!4$)>D9'M!8$B!K&1M!'0FF&24M!;1'4M!&285o!*a!2D&! K)&K1)120$3!13?!K)&4&32120$3!$C!)&>9F1)!()0&C03>4!2$!K$F08;!'1=&)4! 13?! >$%&)3'&32! 1>&380&4! 03! <9)=031! P14$! $3! (0$41C&2;5! :K03^$CC4! `K)&44! K18=4! 13?! '&?01! ()0&C03>4M! 2$! 49KK$)2! 2D&! /<:ao! @a! 2D&! ?&%&F$K'&32! 13?! K)&4&32120$3! $C! 8$''9308120$3!'12&)01F4!$3!(0$41C&2;!C$)!>$%&)3'&32!1>&380&4M!K$F08;!'1=&)4M!2D&!480&320C08!8$''9302;! 13?!2D&!K9(F08!03!<9)=031!P14$o!Ha!D$F?03>!1!(0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!(0$41C&2;!1B1)&3&44!B$)=4D$K!`8$''$3! C$)'12M!'12&)01F4M!K)&4&32120$34!13?!K)&4&32&)4a!C$)!2D&!()$1?!K9(F08!03!<9)=031!P14$M!B02D!&'KD1404!$3! &3>1>03>!C1)'&)4!2D)$9>D!2D&0)!K)$C&440$31F!$)>130Q120$34!13?o!2D&!?&%&F$K'&32!$C!1!4213?1)?!B$)=4D$K! 8$32&32!13?!C$)'12!$3!(0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!(0$41C&2;!C$)!2)10303>!K9)K$4&4!03!<9)=031!P14$5!! # 34"4" !P;/!5MB%!=1**16!B21N/)*! XD&!P:E!`P$3?4!?&!:$F0?1)02f!E)0$)0210)&a!K)$J&82!$3!R$22$3! B14! C93?&?! (;! 2D&! P)&38D! N03042);! $C! P$)&0>3! 13?! 69)$K&13! /CC10)4! B02D03! 2D&! C)1'&B$)=! $C! 1! >F$(1F! 03020120%&!10'&?!12!)&^($$4203>!8$22$3!K)$?9820$3!1C2&)!2D&! 8)0404! 2D12! 4D$$=! 2D&! ! 8$22$3! 4&82$)! 03! V&42! 13?! R&32)1F! /C)081! ?9)03>! 2D&! ,bb-^! *++-! K&)0$?5! S2! B14! 8$$)?0312&?! (;! RAL/PTV6R/LW! B02D! RSL/W! `P)138&a! 14! 2D&! 2&8D3081F! (18=42$KK03>!K1)23&)5!XD&!$(J&820%&4!$C!2D&!K)$J&82!1)&!2$n! ,a! R)&12&! 1! X&8D3081F! KF12C$)'! $3! 8$22$3! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! <0$41C&2;o! *a! :9KK$)2! 1! )&>0$31F! KD;2$413021);! 8$$)?03120$3! '&8D1304'! C$)! 8$22$35! XD&! $%&)1FF! (9?>&2! C$)! 2D&! 0'KF&'&32120$3! $C! 2D&4&! 1820%020&4! B14! -@+M+++! 69)$45! XD&! K)$J&82! B14! $CC0801FF;! F1938D&?! 03! l93&! *++b! 13?! 1820%020&4! 1)&! (&03>! 0'KF&'&32&?! $3! >)$93?! 03! H! 8$932)0&4! `<9)=031! P14$M! <&303M! N1F0! 13?! X$>$a5! XD&! K)$J&82! )&49F2&?! 03! 2D&! 8$34202920$3! $C! 1! C$)'1F!)&>0$31F!3&2B$)=!C$)!2D&!&%1F9120$3!$C!2D&!0'K182! 13?! 2D&! 49421031(F&! '131>&'&32! $C! I&3&2081FF;! N$?0C0&?!R$22$3!`INRa5!XD04!421)2&?!B02D!2D&!2)10303>!$C! ($2D! 2)103&)4! 13?! )&4&1)8D&)4! 4K&801F04&?! 03! )04=! 144&44'&32! 13?! '131>&'&32! BD$! 1F4$! ?&%&F$K&?! 13?! 1KKF0&?! &7K&)0'&321F! '&2D$?4! C$)! 2D&! &%1F9120$3! $C!
8
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page13
INR!C$)!429?0&4!$3!I&3&!CF$BM!2D&!&CC080&38;!$C!INR!03!2D&!V&42!/C)0813!K1)140208!&3%0)$3'&32M!S'K182! $3!&32$'$C1931M!6%1F9120$3!$C!2D&!030201F!C)&g9&38;!$C!2D&!)&4042138&!>&3&4!2$!<2!03!2D&!K$K9F120$34!$C! 81)K$KD1>$94!`C)902^&1203>a!3;'KD4M!6%1F9120$3!$C!2D&!K&)C$)'138&!13?!4$80$&8$3$'08!0'K1824!$C!INR5! XD04!1FF$B&?!2D&!K)$?9820$3!$C!=3$BF&?>&!13?!2)10303>!49KK$)2!C$)!182$)4!03!2D&!C0&F?!$C!INR!89F20%120$35! XD&! K)$J&82! 1820%020&4! 8$32)0(92&?! 03! 2)10303>! $C! 182$)4! 03! 2D&! 1KKF08120$3! $C! 3120$31F! $)! )&>0$31F! )&>9F120$34M! 03! 2D&! 18g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c:! m,M*Y-M-bY! 13?! C$)! Y! 8$932)0&4! `<9)=031! P14$M! ID131M! #0>&)01M! q&3;1M! c>13?1M! N1F1B0aM! 1'$3>! BD08DM! @! (&F$3>! 2$! 2D&! 6RAV/:! )&>0$35! /2! 2D&! V&42! /C)0813!L&>0$31F!F&%&FM!RAL/PTV6R/LW!8$$)?0312&?!2D&! K)$J&82!B02D!1!2$21F!(9?>&2!$C!1KK)$75!c:!m!*b-!*-+5'XD&! K)$J&82!)&49F2&?!03n' • L&%0&B03>!2D&!89))&32!421294!$C!1>)089F29)1F! (0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!(0$^41C&2;!03!2D&!=&;!8$932)0&4!2D12!1)&!&02D&)!8$''&)801F0Q03>!$)!C0&F?!2&4203>! >&3&2081FF;!'$?0C0&?!$)>1304'4!03!*+,+n!<9)=031!P14$M!ID131!13?!#0>&)01o! • S?&320C;03>! 2D&! 81K1802;! (90F?03>! >1K4! 03! 2D&4&! 8$932)0&4! 13?! 2D&! '$?1F020&4! C$)! 032&)%&320$3!13?!0'KF&'&32!0'K)$%&'&324o! • W&%&F$K03>! 42&B1)?4D0K! K$F080&4M! K)$8&?9)&4! 13?! 421CC! 81K1(0F02;! 2$! K)$%0?&! F&1?&)4D0K! 03! 42&B1)?4D0K!C$)!2D&!41C&!13?!&CC&820%&!94&!$C!1>)089F29)1F!(0$2&8D3$F$>;!12!RAL/PTV6R/LW!F&%&F! 13?!03!<9)=031!P14$M!o! • S?&320C;03>M! 2)10303>! `@! '$?9F&4n! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! :2&B1)?4D0K! S32)$?9820$3M! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! :2&B1)?4D0K! R$''9308120$3! 13?! E$F08;! W&%&F$K'&32M! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! :2&B1)?4D0K! /9?02! 13?! e&)0C08120$3a! 13?! '&32$)03>! ,-! 42&B1)?4D0K! F&1?&)4! 03! RAL/PTV6R/LW! 13?! 42&B1)?4D0K! 8D1'K0$34! 03! &18D! $C! 2D&! @! 8$932)0&4! 13?! Z+! 3120$31F! )&4&1)8D&)4! 2)103&?! 03! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! :2&B1)?4D0K!`12!F&142!,!'$?9F&a5! • R)&1203>M! 2D)$9>D! 8$932)0&4! 42&B1)?4D0K! 8D1'K0$34M! 13! &CC&820%&M! 03C$)'&?! 3&2B$)=! $C! &7K&)24! B02D!188&44!2$!g91F02;!03C$)'120$3!13?!8$''9308120$3!8D133&F4!C$)!1?%$818;!13?!K)$'$20$3!$C! 41C&!K)18208&4!13?!1>)089F29)1F!(0$2&8D3$F$>;!920F02;5 • :&34020Q03>!'$)&!2D13!*++!K$F08;!'1=&)4M!'&?01!B$)=&)4M!13?!2D&!>&3&)1F!K9(F08!$3!(0$41C&2;! 0449&4!2D)$9>D!@!B$)=4D$K4! # 34"4L B21N/)*D!GI6H/H!I6H/2!*;/!WM(@K!X81F78!511H!M/)I2+*-!./D016D/!TX5M.V!+6+*+7*+,/! V02D03! 2D&! C)1'&B$)=! $C! 2D&! c:/SW^C93?&?! IP:L! 03020120%&M! 2D&! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! <0$41C&2;! E)$>)1'! 0'KF&'&32&?! 2D)&&! 8$''0440$3&?! K)$J&8245! /FF! 2D&! @! K)$J&824! K1)2080K12&?! 03! 4$F%03>! 2D&! C$$?! 8)0404! 03! V&42! /C)081! 13?! B&)&! 1F4$! '&132! 2$! (90F?! 032)03408! 480&320C08! 13?! 2&8D3081F! 81K18020&4! 03! 2D&! 03%$F%&?! 8$932)0&4M!2$!4942103!2D&!(0$2&8D3$F$>;!'&2D$?4!13?!K)$?9824!2D12!B0FF!(&!?&%&F$K&?!13?T$)!2)134C&))&?! ?9)03>! 2D&! K)$J&824! 0'KF&'&32120$35! XD&4&! K)$J&824! 1)&! 1F4$! '$?&F4! C$)! 4$F%03>! >F$(1F! 0449&4! 2D)$9>D! )&>0$31F! 8$$K&)120$3! 03! 2D&! 1)&1! $C! (0$2&8D3$F$>;! BD&)&! 2D&! 3&&?! C$)! 1! 8$FF&820%&! &CC$)2! 2$! )&03C$)8&! 81K18020&4M! 4D1)&! &7K&)0&38&4! 13?! 1?$K2! )&>0$31F! 1KK)$18D! C$)! 0'K$)2132! 0449&4! F0=&! <0$41C&2;M! 04! 420FF!
9
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page14
D0 D0>D5!/!2$21F!$C!,+!8$932)0&4!(&3&C02&?!C)$'!2D&!c:/SW!K)$J&824!$928$'&45!XD&!>F$(1F!(9?>&2!C$)!2D&!2B$! >D5!/!2$21F!$C!,+!8$932)0&4!(&3&C02&?!C)$'!2D&!c:/SW!K)$J&824!$928$'&45!XD&!>F$(1F!(9?>&2!C$)!2D&!2B$! ;& 1)4!$C!2D&!K)$J&824!0'KF&'&32120$3!04!&420'12&?!12!*!'0FF0$3!c:!m5# ;&1)4!$C!2D&!K)$J&824!0'KF&'&32120$3!04!&420'12&?!12!*!'0FF0$3!c:!m5# ! 34 "4L4& K/ 34"4L4& K/081-E/6*!1G!.YUZ!2/D+D*76*!2+)/!,72+/*+/D!*;21I:;!U72[/2!(DD+D*/H!M/8/)*+16! 081-E/6*!1G!.YUZ!2/D+D*76*!2+)/!,72+/*+/D!*;21I:;!U72[/2!(DD+D*/H!M/88/)*+16! S3!$)?&)!2$!8$32)0(92&!03!'020>1203>!2D&!C$$?!8)0404!03!V&42!/C)081M!2D&! ! $)?&)! 2$! 8$32)0(92&! 03! '020>1203>! 2D&! C$$?! 8)0404! 03! V&42! /C)081M! 2D&! S3 ]W &KF$;'&32!$C!LdNe!)&4042132!)08&!%1)0&20&4!2D)$9>D!N1)=&)!/44042&?! ]W&KF$;'&32!$C!LdNe!)&4042132!)08&!%1)0&20&4!2D)$9>D!N1)=&)!/44042&?! :&F&820$3_!K)$J&82M!K)$K$4&?!2$!&7K13?!2$!'$)& 8$932)0&4M! 2D&! 94&! $C! :&F &820$3_! K)$J&82M! K)$K$4&?! 2$! &7K13?! 2$! '$)&@!!8$932)0&4M!2D&!94&!$C! 4042132! )0 8&! FF03&4! 03 & 4 ! ( &1)03>! 2D 2D &! L 08&! dd&FF$B! & FF$ B ! N $22F&! e 0)94! `L dNea! )& &! 2D&! L08&! N$22F&! e0)94! `LdNea! )&4042132! )08&! (&1)03>! 2D&! ?$'03132! 859E*! B&)&! (;! /C)081! 0?&320C0&?! ( ;! 22D&! D&! / C)081! ?$' 03132! 85 9E*! 1FF&F&M! 1FF&F&M! 2D12! 2D12! B &)&! K)&%0$94F;! K)&%0$94F;! 0?&320C0&?! L08&!R&32&)!`/LRM!R$2$3$9M!<&303a!13?!SLW!2D)$9>D!N$F&89F1)!N1)=&)! L0 8&! R&32&)! `/LRM! R$2$3$9M! <&303a! 13?! SLW! 2D)$9>D! N$F&89F1)! N1)=&)! /44042&?!:&F&820$3!`N/:a5!P$)!024!0'KF&'&32120$3M!XD&!R&32)&!#120$31F! /4 4042&?! :&F&820$3! `N/:a5! P$)! 024! 0'KF&'&32120$3M! XD&! R&32)&! #120$31F! `R#L/a! 13! 13! 034202920$3! 034202920$3! $C ?&!! L&8D&)8D&! $C!! ?& L&8D&)8D&! />)$3$'0g9&! />)$3$'0g9&! ?&! ?&! Rh2&! Rh2&! ?US%$0)&! ?US%$0)&! `R#L/a! $3& D&! ::&%&3! &%&3! ``Za! Za! 88$932)0&4! $932)0&4! 003%$F%&?! 3%$F%&?! B D&! $3&!! $C $C!! 22D&! B14! 14! 44&F&82&?! &F&82&?! CC$)! $)! 22D&! 8$$)?03120$3!$C!2D&!K)$J&82!13?!B14!2&8D3081FF;!(18=&?!9K!(;!/LR5!XD&! 8$ $)?03120$3! $C! 2D&! K)$J&82! 13?! B14! 2&8D3081FF;! (18=&?! 9K! (;! /LR5! XD&! 1KK)$18D!$C!2D&!K)$J&82!B14!2D&!C$FF$B03>n!2D&!LdNe!)&4042132!F03&4!K)&^ 1K K)$18D!$C!2D&!K)$J&82!B14!2D&!C$FF$B03>n!2D&!LdNe!)&4042132!F03&4!K)&^ 4&F&82&?!12!/LR!B&)&!2&42&?!B02D03!&18D!8$932);!03!$)?&)!2$!0?&320C;!2D&! 4& F&82&?!12!/LR!B&)&!2&42&?!B02D03!&18D!8$932);!03!$)?&)!2$!0?&320C;!2D&! (&42!1?1K2&?!F03&4!C$)!&18D!1>)$!&8$F$>081F!Q$3&5!<)&&?&)!4&&?4!C)$'!Y! (& 42! 1?1K2&?! F03&4! C$)! &18D! 1>)$! &8$F$>081F! Q$3&5! <)&&?&)! 4&&?4! C)$'! Y! &F02&! K)$?98&?! ?042)0(92&?! 42)0(92&?! &F 02&! FF03&4! 03&4! B&)&! B&)&! K) $?98&?! 112! 2! 22D&! D&! ))&4&1)8D! &4&1)8D! 42120$3! 42120$3! FF&%&F! &%&F! 113?! 3?! ?0 $C!! 22D&! Z!! 88$932)0&4! *!! P1) P1)'&)! '&)! 22$! $! 6672&340$3! 72&340$3! ::&)%08&4! &)%08&4! $C D&! Z $932)0&4! 13?! 13?! 2$! 2$! 112! 2! FF&142! &142! * /44$80120$34! K)$?9820$3! $C!! /44$80120$34! CC$)! $)! 22D&! D&! K) $?9820$3! $C 8&)20C0&?! 4&&?45! N$)&! 2D13! ,++! C1)'&)4! 8&)20C0&?!4&&?45!N$)&!2D13!,++!C1)'&)4! )&8&0%&?! 2D&! 2D&! 11KK)$K)012&! 0303>! C$ )! )&8&0%&?! KK)$K)012&! 2)1 2)10303>! C$)! C! 44&&?4! &&?4! 2D 12! B& )& ! 2D&! 2D&! K K)$?9820$3! )$?9820$3! $ $C! 2D12! B&)&! ?042)0(92&?! B0?&F;! B0?&F;! 03 D&! 49 (4&g9&32F;! ?042)0(92&?! 49(4&g9&32F;! 03!! 22D&! &4&1)8D&)4! 03%$F%&?! 03%$F%&?! 03! 03! 22D&! D&! 8$ 932)0&45! L 8$932)0&45! L&4&1)8D&)4! B&)&! 2)1 03&?! 112! 2! / LR! 03! 03! 2D &! K) $J&82! B&)&! K)$J&82! 2)103&?! /LR! 2D&! NN/ :! 2&8D30g9&4! 13?! 94&?! 2D&4&! 4=0FF4! NN/:!2&8D30g9&4!13?!94&?!2D&4&!4=0FF4! 2$ 2$!8D&8=!C$)!2D&!K)&4&38&!$C!2D&#859E*! ! 8D&8=! C$)! 2D&! K)&4&38&! $C! 2D&# 859E*! ?! 22D&! D&! K 9 )02; ! $ C! 22D&! D&! 8&)20C0&?! 8&)20C0&?! 1F F&F&! 13 1FF&F&! 13?! K9)02;! $C! 4&&?4!K)$?98&?!(;!C1)'&)4!13?!&72&340$3!4&)%08&45! 4&&?4!K)$?98&?!(;!C1)'&)4!13?!&72&340$3!4&)%08&45! ! 34 34"4L4" "4L4" WD WD+6:!+6!,+*21!*+DDI/!)I8*I2/!E/*;1HD!*1!02/D/2,/\!EI8*+08-!76H!H+D*2+FI*/!)7DD7,7!)I**+6:D'G2//! +6:! +6! ,+*21! *+DDI/! )I8*I2/! E/*;1HD! D! *1! 02/D/2,/\! EI8*+08-! 76H! H+D*2+FI*/! )7DD7,7! )I**+6:D' G2//! 1G!(=UZ!*1!G72E/2D!+6!J/D*!76H!=/6*278!(G2+)7! 1G!(=UZ!*1!G72E/2D!+6!J/D*!76H!=/6*278!(G2+)7! XD&! $ ( J& 8 2 0% & ! $ C! 22D04! D 04 ! K )$J&82! B1 4! 2$ 'K)$%&! 2D &! 81441%1! 81441%1! K )$?9820%02;! 003! XD&! $(J&820%&! $C! K)$J&82! B14! 2$!! 00'K)$%&! 2D&! K)$?9820%02;! K)$?9803>! 3! 881441%1! 1441%1! K )$?9803>! 88$932)0&4! $932)0&4! 2D)$9>D! 2D&! 94&! $C! g91F02;! KF13203>! '12&)01F! 413020Q&?! 13?! '9F20KF0&?! (;! 2%# 2D)$9>D!2D&!94&!$C!g91F02;!KF13203>!'12&)01F!413020Q&?!13?!'9F20KF0&?!(;!2%# E2&8/! 20449&! 20449&! 889F29)&! 9F29)&! ' &2D$?45! PP$)! $)! 0024! 24! 00'KF&'&32120$3M! 'KF&'&32120$3M! XXD&! D&! R )$K! L &4&1)8D! E2&8/! '&2D$?45! R)$K! L&4&1)8D! S3 420292&! $ C! 22D&! D&! R $9380F! CC$)! $)! ::80&320C08! 80&320C08! 113?! 3?! S3420292&! $C! R$9380F! S3?942)01F! L & 4&1)8D ! $ C! I D131! ``RLSTR:SLaM! RLSTR:SLaM! 113! 3! S3?942)01F! L&4&1)8D! $C! ID131! 034202920$3! CC)$'! )$ ' ! $ 3&! $ C! 22D&! D&! ::&%&3! &%&3! ``Za! Za! 034202920$3! $3&! $C! 8$932)0&4! 003%$F%&?! 3%$F%&?! B14! B14! 8$$)?031203>! 8$$)?031203>! $ C! 22D&! D&! 8$932)0&4! $C! K)$J&82!13?!B14!2&8D3081FF;!(18=&?!9K!(;!2D&! K)$J&82! 13?! B14! 2&8D3081FF;! (18=&?! 9K! (;! 2D&! S32&)3120$31F!S3420292&!C$)!X)$K081F!/>)089F29)&! S32&)3120$31F!S3420292&!C$)!X)$K081F!/>)089F29)&! `SSX/M!S(1?13M!#0>&)01a5!XD&!K)$J&82!B14!(14&?! `SSX/M! S(1?13M! #0>&)01a5! XD&! K)$J&82! B14! (14&?! D&! CC$FF$B03>! $FF$B03>! K) 0380KF&n! 892203>4! 892203>4! CC)$'! )$'! 22D&! D&! $3! 22D&! K)0380KF&n! 2B$! `* a! ' $42! K )&C&))&?! R1441%1! R1441%1! %1)0&20&4! %1)0&20&4! 2B$! `*a! '$42! K)&C&))&?! C)$'! &18D! &18D! 8$932);! 8$932);! 113?! 3?! 2B $! $ C! 2D &! %%1)0&20&4! 1)0&20&4! C)$'! 2B$! $C! 2D&! USAID USAID hhas as ssupported upported the the deployment deployment of some some of these these varieties varieties in B Burkina urkina Faso, Faso, th thee Gambia, Gambia, Gu Guinea inea an andd Mali Mali in in 2007-2008 through through a grant grant awarded awarded to to ARC ARC and and supervised supervised by CORAF/WECARD CORAF/WECARD 2007-2008 3
10
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page15
?&KF$;&?!(;!SSX/!03!2D&4&!8$932)0&4M!B&)&!4&F&82&?!13?!4&32!2$!SSX/!C$)!413020Q120$35!!*+!X&8D3080134!C)$'! 2D&!4&%&3!`Za!8$932)0&4!B&)&!2)103&?!12!SSX/!$)!03!2D&!)&F&%132!8$932)0&4!03!2D&!413020Q120$3!13?!2%#E2&8/! '08)$^K)$K1>120$3! '&2D$?45! XD&! 2&8D3081F! 81K18020&4! `&g90K'&32! 13?! 03C)142)9829)&a! $C! &18D! K1)2080K1203>!034202920$3!B&)&!)&03C$)8&?!03!$)?&)!2$!'9F20KF;!2D)$9>D!1!8$'(03120$3!$C!2%#E2&8/!13?!2%#E2E/! '&2D$?4M! 81441%1! 892203>4! 2D12! B&)&! ?042)0(92&?! 2$! P1)'&)4! /44$80120$34! 13?! 672&340$3! :&)%08&4! C$)! 1??020$31F! '9F20KF08120$35! XD&! 8F&13&?! 892203>4! K)$?98&?! B&)&! B0?&F;! ?042)0(92&?! 2$! C1)'&)4! 03! )&>0$34! BD&)&! /RNe! 04! 1! 4&)0$94! 8$342)1032! C$)! R1441%1! K)$?9820$35! /! 2$21F! $C! -+! D1! $C! 8F&13&?! K1)=F13?! 1)&! 89))&32F;!(&03>!94&?!2$!K)$%0?&!892203>4!2$!C1)'&)4!03!<&303M!X$>$!13?!Rh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g9&_! `S#6L/a! $C! <9)=031! P14$M! 13! 034202920$3! C)$'! $3&! $C! 2D&! 2D)&&! `@a! 8$932)0&4! 03%$F%&?5! XD&! 192D$)0Q120$3! 2$! 94&! <2^8$BK&1! 4&&?4! B&)&! 3&>$2012&?! (;! RAL/PTV6R/LW! B02D! /C)0813! />)089F29)1F! X&8D3$F$>;! P$93?120$3! `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`S#6L/a!13?!N1F0!`S6La!&%&3!2D$9>DM!2D&!2)01F!8$9F?!21=&! KF18&!$3F;!03!<9)=031!P14$5!XD&!K)$J&82!032&)%&320$3!)&49F2&?! 03!2D&!K9(F08120$3!$C!@!?&8)&&4!C$)!2D&!1KKF08120$3!$C!2D&!<0$41C&2;!F1B!03!N1F0M!13?!2D&!03020120$3!$C!2D&! K)$8&44!$C!)&%0403>!2D&!<0$41C&2;!(0FF!03!X$>$5! ! 34"4' B21N/)*D!GI6H/H!I6H/2!<=>J(M!!:276*D! A3&! $C! 2D&! )&14$34! C$)! 2D&! B&&=! 1?$K20$3! $C! (0$2&8D3$F$>0&4! 03! 2D&! )&>0$3! F0&4M! 1'$3>! $2D&)4M! 03! 2D&! 0349CC080&38;!$C!C93?03>M!g91F0C0&?!D9'13!)&4$9)8&4!13?!B&FF!&g90KK&?!F1($)12$)0&4!$C!&78&FF&38&!14!B&FF! 14!F18=!$C!13!034202920$31F!C)1'&B$)=!C$)!81K1802;!42)&3>2D&303>!03!<0$2&8D3$F$>;5!S3!$)?&)!2$!4K&80C081FF;! 1??)&44! 03! K)0$)02;M! 2D&4&! 0349CC080&380&4M! 13! S'KF&'&32120$3! />)&&'&32! B14! 40>3&?! 03! #$%&'(&)! *3?! *++b! (&2B&&3! 6RAV/:! 13?! RAL/PTV6R/LWM! 03! 1KKF08120$3! $C! 2D&! >F$(1F! R$3%&320$3! &421(F04D&?! 03! W&8&'(&)! **3?! *++-! (&2B&&3! 2D&! 2B$! 034202920$34M! ?&40>31203>! RAL/PTV6R/LW! 14! 1! 2&8D3081F! 1)'! $C! 6RAV/:! C$)! 2D&! 0'KF&'&32120$3! $C! 6RAV/:! 1>)089F29)1F! K$F08;! `6RAV/Ea5! \9'13! 81K1802;! 42)&3>2D&303>! B14! 8F&1)F;! 0?&320C0&?! 14! $3&! $C! 2D&! K)0$)02;! 1820$34! 2$! 93?&)21=&! 03! 2D&! F$>08! $C! K)$>)&440%&F;! ?&%&F$K03>! F$81F! 8$'K&2&380&4! 13?! K92203>! 03! KF18&! 13! &CC&820%&! (0$2&8D3$F$>;! )&4&1)8D! 2&1'4!03!V&42!/C)0815!XD12!04!2D&!)&14$3!BD;M!2D&!C0)42!032&)%&320$3!$C!6RAV/:!03!2D&!0'KF&'&32120$3!$C! 6RA<SATE/!C$894&4!$3n!
11
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page16
•
•
M*2/6:*;/6+6:!*;/!?+1*/);6181:-!76H!?+1D7G/*-!./D/72);!=707)+*+/D!$C!V&42!/C)0813!:80&320C08!13?! X&8D3081F! E&)4$33&Fn! 2D04! B14! ?$3&! (;! 49KK$)203>! 0a! )&>0$31F! 2)10303>! 1820%020&4! 10'&?! 12! &3D13803>! 2D&!$K&)120$31F!81K18020&4!$C!2&8D3080134!13?!)&4&1)8D&)4M!00a!2D&!8$342)9820$3!$C!1!L&>0$31F! N142&)! K)$>)1'! 03! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! <0$41C&2;! 13?! 000a! )&03C$)803>! 2D&! 2&8D3081F! 81K18020&4! $C! 4&F&82&?! R&32&)4!$C!678&FF&38&5! MI0012*+6:!*;/!)112H+67*+16!76H!GI6H!27+D+6:!)707)+*+/D!1G!*;/!=>.(5AJ<=(.K!?+1*/);6181:-!76H! ?+1D7G/*-!B21:27E!2$!&349)&!2D&!0'KF&'&32120$3!$C!2D&!6RA<SATE/!2D)$9>Dn!0a!49KK$)2!2D&!<<E!03! 8$3?98203>! 48$K03>! 429?0&4! 2$! 0?&320C;! R&32&)! $C! &78&FF&38&4! 2D12! B0FF! 4&)%&! C$)! 2D&! EF13U4! 0'KF&'&32120$3!13?!2$!>90?&!?&8040$3!'1=&)4!C$)!42)12&>08!8D$08&4!03!(0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?M!00a!K)$%0?03>! 13!034202920$31F!49KK$)2!2$!RAL/PTV6R/LW!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!<0$41C&2;!E)$>)1'5!
! XD&! 2$21F! (9?>&2! 188&K2&?! (;! 6RAV/:! C$)! 2D&4&! 1820%020&4! 04! c:! m! ,M@Y+M+++! `b+bMbYH! cRa! $C! BD08DM! m! Y-+M+++! 1)&! ?&%$2&?! 2$! 2)10303>! 03020120%&4M! m! --+M+++! 2$! 2D&! )&03C$)8&'&32! $C! 2&8D3081F! 81K18020&4! $C! )&>0$31F!(0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!(0$41C&2;!)&4&1)8D!034202920$34!13?!m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`<&303M! <9)=031! P14$M! Rh2&! ?rS%$0)&M! ID131M! N1F0M! #0>&)01M! :&3&>1FM! C$)! &71'KF&a! D1%&! 1F)&1?;! 032)$?98&?! '$F&89F1)! (0$F$>;! 13?!(0$2&8D3$F$>;!'$?9F&4!032$!2D&!89))089F1! $C! 2D&! 2)1?020$31F! 8$9)4&4! $C! 429?;! `>&3&2084M! (0$8D&'042);M! &285ao! (92! %&);! C&B! 930%&)4020&4! D1%&!?&%&F$K&?!1!4K&801F0Q&?!8$9)4&!$C!429?;!03!2D04!1)&15!XD&!42)12&>;!1?$K2&?!B02D03!2D&!6RA<SATE/!04! 2D12M! ]2D)$9>D! K)$>)&440%&! 1KK)$18DM! 6RAV/:! B0FFn! Sa! 81));! $92! 1! 429?;! 2$! 0?&320C;! 2D$4&! 930%&)4020&4! D1%03>!2D&!(&42!K$2&3201F020&4!13?!144&44!2D&0)!81K1802;!(90F?03>!)&g90)&'&324!C$)!(0$2&8D3$F$>;!2&18D03>o! SSa!D&FK!2D&4&!930%&)4020&4!2$!8)&12&!4K&801F0Q&?!(0$2&8D3$F$>;!8$9)4&4!$C!429?;o!SSSa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n!
12
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:04 Page17
•
•
X&3! `,+a! )&4&1)8D&)4! 13?! 2&8D3080134! C)$'! 2D&! I1'(01M! ID131M!k0(&)01M!#0>&)01!13?!:0&))1!k&$3&!B&)&!2)103&?!C$)!H! B&&=4!12!k&>$3!c30%&)402;!`/88)1a!03!8$FF1($)120$3!B02D!2D&! R)$K!L&4&1)8D!S3420292&!`q9'1440a!$C!R:LSM!03!ID1315! XB&32;!`!*+a!C)$'!<&303M!<9)=031!P14$M!Rh2&!?US%$0)&M!N1F0M! #0>&)M! :&3&>1F! 13?! X$>$! B&)&! 1F4$! 2)103&?! 12! 2D&! R&32)1F! <0$2&8D3$F$>;!k1($)12$);!$C!R#L/!`/(0?J13M!Rh2&!?US%$0)&a5!
! 34"4'4&4"
(!./:+1678!U7D*/2!B21:27E!+6!?+1*/);6181:-!76H! ?+1D7G/*-!H/,/810/H!76H!10/27*+1678+9/H! S3! 2D&! %0&B! $C! 2D&! B&1=3&44! 13?! 2D&! ?04K&)40$3! $C! 2D&! 8$'K&2&380&4!13?!D9'13!)&4$9)8&4!03!V&42!/C)081!03!$3&!D13?M!13?!21=03>!032$!188$932!2D&!3&8&4402;!2$! (&22&)!%1F$)04&!2D&!C&B!C93?03>!$KK$)293020&4!$3!2D&!$2D&)!D13?M!$3&!$C!2D&!(&42!1KK)$18D!2D12!04!1?%04&?! (;! 4K&801F0424! 04! ! 2D&! '9291F04120$3! $C! 2D&! 81K1802;! (90F?03>! 03020120%&45! S2! 04! 2D12! 4K0)02! 2D12! D1%&! >90?&?! F&829)&)4!C)$'!4&%&3!930%&)4020&4!03!V&42!/C)081!`c5!$C!/($'&;!R1F1%0M!<f303o!c5!$C!A91>1?$9>$9M!<9)=031! P14$o! c5! $C! /($($^/?J1'fM! Rh2&! ?US%$0)&M! c5! $C! <1'1=$M! N1F0o! c5! $C! #$91=8D$22M! N19)02130&o! c5! /(?$9! N$9'$930M!#0>&)o!c5!RD&0=D!/321!W0$KM!:f3f>1Fa!BD$!?&80?&?!2$!(90F?!1!403>F&!89))089F9'!$C!&78&FF&38&! B02D03! 2D&! P189F20&4! $C! :80&38&! $C! X&8D3$F$>0&4! $C! V&42! /C)0813! c30%&)4020&4! 03! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! <0$41C&2;5! XD&! '103! >$1F! $C! 2D12! 03020120%&! 04! 2$! $CC&)! 2$! 429?&324M! 1! D0>D! F&%&F! '9F20?0480KF031);! 2)10303>! 2D12!B0FF!K)&K1)&!2D&'!C$)!EDW!429?0&4!13?!1FF$B!2D&0)!034&)20$3!03!2D&!(0$2&8D3$F$>;!K)$?9820$3!%1F9&! 8D1035! XD&! 2)103&&4! B0FF! (&! K)&K1)&?! 2$! (&! $K&)120$31F! 03n! ,a! L&4&1)8D! 13?! W&%&F$K'&32! 03! <0$2&8D3$F$>;M!EF132!<)&&?03>!13?!I&3$'084M!*a!E)$?9820$3!$C!3129)1F!49(42138&4M!g91F02;!03$89F9'4!C$)! 0'K)$%&?!1>)089F29)1F!K)$?9820$3M!8F&13!KF13203>!'12&)01FM!%18803&4M!?01>3$4208!2$$F4M!&285o!@a!/>)089F29)1F! $)! />)$^03?942)01F! S32&)^K)$C&440$31F! $)>130Q120$34! 13?o! Ha! L&4&1)8D! A)>130Q120$345! V02D03! 2D&! C)1'&B$)=! $C! 2D&! 6RA<SATE/U4!0'KF&'&32120$3M!1!81FF!C$)!1! K)$J&82! K)$K$41F! B14! F1938D&?! (;! RAL/PTV6R/LW!03!8$FF1($)120$3!B02D!2D&! W&K1)2'&32! $C! />)089F29)&! $C! 2D&! 6RAV/:! R$''0440$3M! 03! P&()91);! *+,+5! XD&! R$34$)209'! $C! 2D&! 4&%&3! V&42! /C)0813! c30%&)4020&4! 144$8012&?! B02D! @! 69)$K&13! L&4&1)8D! S34202920$34! 13?! c30%&)4020&4M!?&%&F$K&?!13?!49('022&?!2$! RAL/PTV6R/LW! 1! K)$K$41F! 2D12! B14! )&%0&B&?M! 1'&3?&?! 13?! C031FF;! 188&K2&?! (;! 024! :80&320C08! 13?! X&8D3081F! 8$''022&&! 03! N1;! *+,+5! /3! $CC0801F! 8$3%&320$3! B14! 40>3&?! (&2B&&3! RAL/PTV6R/LW! 13?! 2D&! RD&08=! /321! W0$K! c30%&)402;!)&K)&4&3203>!2D&!8$34$)209'M!C$)!2D&!C031F0Q120$3!13?!2D&!F1938D03>!$C!2D&!L&>0$31F!N142&)!03! <0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!<0$41C&2;5!XD&!C$FF$B03>!)&49F24!B&)&!18D0&%&?!4$!C1)n! ^ /3! 032&)^034202920$31F! />)&&'&32! C$)! 2D&! N142&)! E)$>)1'! 40>3&?! (&2B&&3! Z! c30%&)4020&4o! @! 1??020$31F! 63>F04D!4K&1=03>!c30%&)4020&4!`c30%&)402;!$C!k1>$3M!ID131o!c30%&)402;!$C!2D&!I1'(01!13?!2D&!!c30%&)402;! $C!S(1?13M!#0>&)01a!1)&!89))&32F;!(&03>!&3)$FF&?o! ^ Z!3120$31F!:2&&)03>!13?!8$$)?03120$3!8$''022&&4!&421(F04D&?! ^ *! 89))089F1! `EF132! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! N08)$(01FT63%0)$3'&321F! <0$2&8D3$F$>;a! C031F0Q&?! 13?! F1938D&?o! <0$41C&2;!89))089F9'!93?&)!8$342)9820$3!! ^ cK>)1?03>!$C!2D&!N:R!2$!1!E\W!E)$>)1'!93?&)!?&%&F$K'&32!
13
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:05 Page18
^ -+!N:8!429?&324!93?&)>$03>!2)10303>o! ^ /3!$CC0801F!8$$)?0312$)!B14!3$'0312&?!C$)!2D&!K)$J&82o! ^ /!R$$)?03120$3!c302!`Rca!8$3420292&?!B02D!3120$31F!8$$)?0312$)4!13?!)&K)&4&32120%&4!$C!&18D!034202920$3! 03%$F%&?!B14!1F4$!K92!03!KF18&o! ^ /!E&)'13&32!/?'03042)120%&!13?!X&8D3081F!:&8)&21)012!`E/X:a!F$812&?!12!cR/W!`W1=1)M!:&3&>1FaM!B14!K92! 03!KF18&!2$!144042!2D&!Rc!13?!2D&!3120$31F!8$$)?0312$)4o! ^ XD&! L&>0$31F! N142&)U4! 034202920$31F! 1))13>&'&32! 13?! >$%&)3138&! K)$8&?9)&4! B&)&! C031F0Q&?5! W)1C24! $C! 2D&! I$%&)3138&! N1391F! 13?! 2D&! S32&)^S34202920$31F! />)&&'&32! E)$2$8$F! B&)&! &F1($)12&?! 13?! 1)&! 89))&32F;!93?&)!144&44'&32!(;!2D&!F1B;&)4!$C!2D&!c30%&)4020&4!03%$F%&?!03!2D&!8$34$)209'5! ^ /! E&?1>$>08! N1391F! B14! 1F4$! ?&%&F$K&?5! S2! 4K&80C0&4! 2D&! $)>130Q120$3M! 2D&! 8$32&32M! 2D&! K&?1>$>08! 1KK)$18DM! 2D&! 8$$)?03120$3! 1'$3>42! k&1)303>! N$?9F&4M! 2D&! 2;K$F$>;! $C! 2)103&)4M! 2D&! $)>130Q120$3! $C! '&32$)4D0KM! 2D&! 8&)20C0&?! D$42! F1($)12$);! C$)! 429?&324M! 2D&! 2&18D03>! 81F&3?1)M! 2D&! 8$3?020$34! C$)! 1?'0440$3! $C! 429?&324M! 2D&! &%1F9120$3! '&8D1304'! $C! 2D&! 429?&324M! 2D&! 2&8D3081F! '&134! 3&&?&?M! 2D&! W042138&! k&1)303>! 4;42&'! 14! B&FF! 14! 14K&824! )&F12&?! 2$! 2D&! &%1F9120$3! $C! 2D&! 2)10303>4! 13?! S32&FF&8291F! E)$K&)2;!L0>D24!0449&45! ^ /!E&?1>$>08!X&1'!B14!K92!03!KF18&!C$)!2B$!89))089F1!13?!2D&!8$32&32!$C!*!$92!$C!H!AK20$34!$C!2D&!N142&)! `EF132!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!N08)$(01FM!/>)089F29)1F!13?!63%0)$3'&321F!<0$2&8D3$F$>;a!B&)&!C031F0Q&?o! ^ XD&!K)$J&82!2&1'!1F4$!B$)=&?!B02D!2D&!V&42!/C)0813!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!#&2B$)=!`L/<SAX6R\a!2$!0?&320C;!2D&! 8$3%&)>&38&4!14!B&FF!14!2D&!8$'KF&'&321)020&4!13?!?&C03&!B1;4!2$!032&)8$33&82!2D&!?0CC&)&32!03020120%&4o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h2&! ?US%$0)&! 2D)$9>D! 024! K1)2080K120$3! 03! %1)0$94! 3120$31F! 13?T$)! )&>0$31F! 81K1802;! 42)&3>2D&303>! '&&203>4! 13?! 2&8D3081F! B$)=4D$K45! W&210F4! $C! 2D$4&! 49KK$)24! 1)&! C$93?! 03! g91)2&)F;! )&K$)24! $C! RAL/PTV6R/LW5! M[+88D! 1G! E12/! *;76! &##! D)+/6*+D*D! +E021,/H! +6! *+DDI/! )I8*I2/\! E18/)I872! F+181:-! */);6+)D!76H!F+1D7G/*-4! ! 34"4'4" M*27*/:+)!D*IH+/D! ! 34"4'4"4& M*IH-!*1!+H/6*+G-!./:+1678!=/6*2/D!1G!<_)/88/6)/D!+6!?+1*/);6181:-!76H!?+1D7G/*-! /'$3>42! 1820$34! F042&?! C$)! 2D&! 0'KF&'&32120$3! $C! 024! :K&80C08! $(J&820%&! 3s,M! 2D&! 6RA<SATE/! &7KF0802F;! 03?0812&!2D&!0?&320C08120$3!13?!2D&!42)&3>2D&303>!$C!R&32&)4!$C!678&FF&38&!2D12!$K&)12&!03!V&42!/C)081M!14! K)0$)02;! 1820%02;! 2$! 93?&)21=&! 13?! 2D12M! 03! 8$3C$)'02;! B02D! 2D&! )&8$''&3?120$3! $C! A91>1?$9>$9! N03042&)01F!R$3C&)&38&5!S3?&&?M!%1)0$94!429?0&4!D1%&!4D$B3!2D12!2D&!)&>0$3!D14!4$'&!81K18020&4!`3120$31F!
14
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:05 Page19
F1($)12$)0&4! $)! 032&)3120$31F! 8&32)&4a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`&3%0)$3'&321FM!D&1F2D!13?!4$80$^&8$3$'08a!$C!INA!032)$?9820$3! 032$!2D&!V&42!/C)0813!1>)089F29)1F!4;42&'5!!S2!04!C$)!2D04!)&14$3!2D12!RAL/PTV6R/LW!D14!F1938D&?!1!81FF! C$)! 8$349F2138;M! 2$! 8$3?982! 13! ]!"# $%&'# $%$.5D2D# /7# &,'# D/32/F'3/%/923# 29>$3&# /7# &,'# $@/>&2/%# /7# -G# 38/>D# 2%# A'D&# H7823$I# (14&?! $3! 2D&! 89))&32! 1%10F1(F&! 03C$)'120$3! 0340?&! 13?! $9240?&! V&42! /C)0815! XD&! )&K$)2!$C!2D12!429?;!04!1%10F1(F&!13?!8F&1)F;!4D$B4!2D12!?+1*/);6181:-!2/E7+6D!7!,/2-!)2/H+F8/!10*+16!G12! DID*7+67F8-! +E021,+6:! 7:2+)I8*I278! 021HI)*+,+*-! 76H! )1E0/*+*+,/6/DD! +6! J/D*! (G2+)7! 76H! *;7*! 7002102+7*/! F+1D7G/*-! E/7DI2/D! 76H! D1)+1%/)161E+)! D*IH+/D! )76! 7881]! *;/! 2/:+16! GI88-! F/6/G+*! G21E! *;7*!021E+D+6:!*/);6181:-5! # RMR A)%)=+*B):#'+?'>',)D$+:>='>**,+>"@'#+'F$+;>?)#&' # 3434& K/,/810E/6*!1G!7!2/:+1678!F+1D7G/*-!2/:I87*+16! S3!2D&!4K0)02!$C!2D&!6RA<SATE/M!?&%&F$K03>!1!)&>0$31F!1KK)$18D!2$!(0$41C&2;!038F9?&4n!,a!2D&!?&%&F$K'&32! $C! L&>0$31F! P)1'&B$)=! 13?! L&>9F120$34! 13?o! *a! 2D&! )&03C$)8&'&32! $C! 3120$31F! (0$41C&2;! 81K18020&4! C$)! 0'KF&'&3203>! )&>0$31F! )&>9F120$345! W9)03>! 1! 2)0K1)202&! '&&203>! D&F?! $3! 2D&! Z2D! $C! /K)0F! *++bM! 6RAV/:! 13?!V/6Nc!R$''0440$34!13?!S#:/\TRSk::!67&8920%&!:&8)&21)012!?&80?&?!2$!8$$)?0312&!2D&0)!&CC$)24!03! 2D&! 1)&1! $C! 63%0)$3'&321F! K)&4&)%120$3! 13?! \9'13T/30'1F! \&1F2D! 13?! 2$! ?&%&F$K! 1! 930g9&! L&>0$31F!
15
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:05 Page20
P)1'&B$)=! 14! B&FF! 14! 1! R$''$3! <0$41C&2;! L&>9F120$3! L&>0'&! &3>1>03>! 2D&! 2)&&! 034202920$345! XD04! 1>)&&'&32!B14!C9)2D&)!)&03C$)8&?!(;!1!L$1?!N1K!?&%&F$K&?!2D&!E1)20&4!?9)03>!1!'&&203>!D&F?!03!/(9J1! `l9F;!@+2D!13?!/9>942!,42!*++b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`RES6aM! 2D&! V/6Nc! R$''0440$3! D14! F1938D&?M! B02D! 2D&! 49KK$)2! $C! 2D&! V$)F?! <13=! 14! 67&89203>!/>&38;!$C!2D&!IF$(1F!63%0)$3'&32!P180F02;!`I6PaM!1!L&>0$31F!E)$>)1'!03!<0$41C&2;5!XD04!K)$>)1'! 10'&?! 12! C0FF03>! 2D&! >1K! $C! 1! )&>0$31F! )&>9F12$);! 13?! $)! 034202920$31F! C)1'&B$)=! 14! B&FF! 14! 2D&! F18=! $C! 2&8D3081F! 13?! 1?'03042)120%&! >90?&F03&4! C$)! 2D&! &%1F9120$3! 13?! '131>&'&32! $C! &3%0)$3'&321FM! 4$80$&8$3$'08!13?!413021);!)04=4!144$8012&?!B02D!2D&!032)$?9820$3!$C!kNA!13?!?&)0%&?!K)$?9824!B02D03! 2D&! V/6Nc! )&>0$35! S2! 04! 42)9829)&?! 03! @! 8$'K$3&324n! ,a! /! [)"@:$">=' 6+B*+:):#! )&F120%&! 2$! 2D&! ?&%&F$K'&32! 13?! ?044&'03120$3M! C)$'! &704203>! 4$9)8&4M! $C! 8$''$3! '&2D$?4! C$)! 2D&! &%1F9120$3! 13?! '131>&'&32!$C!&3%0)$3'&321FM!413021);!13?!4$80$&8$3$'084!)04=4!144$8012&?!B02D!2D&!920F0Q120$3!$C!kNA! 13?!?&)0%&?!K)$?9824o!*a!/!()D$+:>='()DH=>#+,&'>:E'J:;#$#H#$+:>='6+B*+:):#!8$3404203>M!03!$3&!D13?M!03! &F1($)1203>!1!F&>1F!C)1'&B$)=!$C!(0$41C&2;!C$)!2D&!V/6Nc!)&>0$3!13?!$3!2D&!$2D&)!D13?M!03!4&2203>!9K!1! )&>0$31F!13?!$K&)120$31F!(0$41C&2;!C)1'&B$)=!03!8$3C$)'02;!B02D!2D&!K)$8&?9)&4!$C!2D&!c30$3!03!2&)'4!$C! K)&K1)03>M!1?$K203>!13?!?0CC9403>!2D&!R$''9302;!L&>9F120$34!13?!@a!/!X>#$+:>='6+B*+:):#!)&F12&?!2$! 2D&!0'KF&'&32120$3!$C!2D&!)&>0$31F!)&>9F120$34!12!2D&!3120$31F!F&%&F4!13?!2$!81K1802;!42)&3>2D&303>!03!2D&! 1)&1!$C!S32&FF&8291F!E)$K&)2;!L0>D24M!B02D!2D&!$(J&820%&!$C!>0%03>!2$!&18D!(&3&C0801);!N&'(&)!:212&M!2D&! )&g90402&! 81K1802;! 2$! C18&! 2D&! )&g90)&'&324! $C! 2D&! R1)21>&31! E)$2$8$F5! S'KF&'&3203>! 2D04! K)$>)1'M! 3$21(F;!03!024!8$'K$3&32!,M!B0FF!1FF$B!2D&!42)&3>2D&303>!$C!2D&!&704203>!2&8D3081FT034202920$31F!81K18020&4! C$)!&%1F9120$3T'131>&'&32!2D)$9>Dn!,a!2D&!?&%&F$K'&32!$C!8$''$3!K)$8&?9)&4!13?!*a!2D&!&g90K'&32! $C!#120$31F!<0$41C&2;!k1($)12$)0&45!! S3! 2D12! K&)4K&820%&M! V/6Nc! D14! 8$''0440$3&?! RAL/PTV6R/LW! 2$! 81));! $92! 1! 429?;! 03! 2D&! )&>0$3! C$)! 2D&!?&%&F$K'&32!$C!8$''$3!K)$8&?9)&4!13?!'&2D$?$F$>0&4!C$)!2D&!&%1F9120$3!13?!2D&!'131>&'&32!$C! )04=4! 144$8012&?! 2$! 2D&! 032)$?9820$3! $C! 2D&! '$?&)3! (0$2&8D3$F$>;! K)$?9824! 03! 2D&! V/6Nc! 4K18&5! XD&! 2$21F!K)$J&82!8$42!B14!1KK)$75!m!c:!@++!+++5!XD&!0'KF&'&32120$3!$C!2D12!K)$J&82!1FF$B&?!2D&!K)$?9820$3! $Cn! - [! 3120$31F! )&K$)24! $C! 2D&! V/6Nc! 8$932)0&4! $3! 2D&! 4212&! $C! 0'KF&'&32120$3! $C! 2D&! R1)21>&31! K)$2$8$F!$3!(0$41C&2;o! - /!)&>0$31F!)&K$)2!$3!2D&!4212&!$C!0'KF&'&32120$3!$C!2D&!R1)21>&31!K)$2$8$F!03!V&42!/C)081o! - /3!D1)'$30Q&?!)&>0$31F!(0$41C&2;!'1391F!$C!K)$8&?9)&4!! XD&4&!?$89'&324!1)&!1%10F1(F&!$3!2D&!V/6Nc!B&(!402&5! ! 34343 P;/!>?(U(AJ(!021N/)*! ! c3?&)!2D&!c:/SW!C93?&?!PXP!03020120%&M!1!4K&801F!K)$J&82!&3202F&?!]A92)&18D!C$)!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!/KKF08120$3! 13?! 41C&! N131>&'&32! 03! V&42! /C)081! `A</N/TV/a! B14! ?&%&F$K&?! 13?! 0'KF&'&32&?! B02D! 2D&! 10'! $C!
16
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:05 Page21
C180F021203>!2D&!?&%&F$K'&32!$C!13!&31(F03>!&3%0)$3'&32!C$)!8$3?98203>!INA!)&4&1)8D!03!<&303M!<9)=031! P14$M!Rh2&!?US%$0)&M!N1F0M!X$>$!13?!:&3&>1Fo!13?!1F0>303>!2D&!3120$31F!F&>04F120$34!2$!2D&!?)1C2!6RAV/:! )&>0$31F! <0$41C&2;! L&>9F120$35! ! XD&! 0'KF&'&32120$3! $C! 2D&! PXP! K)$J&824! C180F0212&?! 4&82$)01F! 131F;4&4! C$FF$B&?!(;!2D&!K)$K$4020$3!$C!*H!$K20$34!C$)!F&>04F120$3T?&8)&&!13?!$2D&)!1?'03042)120%&!?&8040$34!03!2D&! Y!8$932)0&45!A92!$C!2D&!131F;Q&?!$K20$34M!**!K)$K$4020$34!B&)&!%1F0?12&?!2D)$9>D!1!8$349F2120$3!K)$8&44! 13?! K)$K$4&?! C$)! F&>04F120$3T?&8)&&5! XD0)2&&3! `,@a! B&)&! 1KK)$%&?! 13?! ,,! D1%&! 421)2&?! (&03>! 0'KF&'&32&?! 03! <9)=031! P14$! 13?! Rh2&! ?US%$0)&5! XD&! ()&1=2D)$9>D! &%&324! 1)&! 2D&! ?&%&F$K'&32! 13?! K)&4&32120$3!C$)!F&>04F120$3M!$C!2D&!<0$41C&2;!(0FF!03!<&303!BD&)&!2D&!'$)12$)09'!B14!?&C03020%&F;!F0C2&?o! 13?!2D&!$CC0801F!1?D&40$3!$C!Rh2&!?US%$0)&!2$!2D&!R1)21>&31!K)$2$8$F5!
67K&)24!'&&2!03!N1F0!2$!%1F0?12&!(0$41C&2;!(0FF4
N9F20^'03042&)01F!?&8)&&!03!Rh2&!?US%$0)&!C$)!2D&! 94&!$C!INA!03!Rh2&!?US%$0)&
!
3434L P;/!J/D*!(G2+)76!M//H!B21:27E! ' XD&! 6RA<SATE/! C$)'1FF;! )&8$>30Q&! 2D&! C182! 2D12! $3&! $C! 2D&! ($22F&3&8=4! 2D12! 8$9F?! D1'K&)! 2D&! 41C&M! )&4K$340(F&!13?!&CC080&32!?&KF$;'&32!$C!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!K)$?982!04!2D&!F18=!$C!1KK)$K)012&!4&&?!)&>9F120$3! 4;42&'! ($2D! 12! 2D&! )&>0$31F! 13?! 3120$31F! F&%&F4! 03! V&42! /C)0815! S3! $)?&)! 2$! C18&! 2D12! 0449&M! RAL/PTV6R/LW!?&%&F$K&?!1!K)$K$41F!03!*+,@!2D12!B14!C93?&?!C$)!b!'0FF0$3!m!c:!(;!c:/SW!B02D!2D&!>$1F! $C!&7K13?03>!2D&!94&!$C!8&)20C0&?!4&&?4!03!V&42!/C)0813!13?!4K&80C081FF;!038)&14&!2D&!1%10F1(0F02;!13?!94&! $C!g91F02;!4&&?45!XD&!0'KF&'&32120$3!$C!2D&!K)$J&82!1820%020&4!D14!1FF$B&?n! ! - XD&!&421(F04D'&32!$C!13!/FF0138&!C$)!:&&?!S3?942);!03!V&42!/C)081!`/:SV/a!93?&)!2D&!194K08&4!$C! 2D&!\9(!L9)1F! - XD&!>1Q&2203>!$C!2D&!)&>0$31F!)&>9F120$3!03!,H!8$932)0&4! - XD&!&421(F04D'&32!$C!#120$31F!:&&?!R$''022&&4!03!2D&!,Z!6RAV/:!N&'(&)!:212&4! - R1K1802;!42)&3>2D&303>!$C!'$)&!2D13!,+++!4&&?!K)$?98&)4!03!2D$4&!8$932)0&4! - !XD&!49KKF;!$C!'$)&!2D13!-++!2$34!$C!()&&?&)4!4&&?4!$C!)08&M!4$)>D9'M!'10Q&M!8$BK&1M!'0FF&2!13?! >)$93?392! - XD&!?&%&F$K'&32!$C!@*!(9403&44!KF134!C$)!K)0%12&!182$)4!`,*!03!N1F0o!-!03!<9)=031!P14$M!Y!03!<&303M! 13?!-!03!:&3&>1FM!H!C$)!#0>&)!a! - XD&!4&2203>!13?!$K&)120$31F0Q03>!1!4&&?!&F&82)$308!KF12C$)'! - 6285! !
17
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:05 Page22
SM 6+:"=H;$+:' ! XD&!0'KF&'&32120$3!$C!2D&!6RA<SATE/!(;!RAL/PTV6R/LW!?9)03>!2D&!K&)0$?!$C!*++Z^*+,-!D14!K)$?98&?! 4&%&)1F!K$4020%&!)&49F24!&7K&82&?!C)$'!024!0'KF&'&32120$3n! - /! )&>0$31F! '&8D1304'! 2$! 8$$)?0312&! 1>)$^(0$2&8D3$F$>;! )&4&1)8D! 13?! C180F0212&! )&>0$31F! 8$$K&)120$3!2D12!C0&F?!!B14!K92!03!KF18&M!12!2D&!6RAV/:!R$''0440$3!F&%&F!`:2&&)03>!R$''022&&aM! 12!RAL/PTV6R/LW!`<0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!<0$41C&2;!E)$>)1'aM!12!2D&!F&%&F!$C!2D&!)&>0$31F!K1)23&)4! `XD&!L&>0$31F!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!EF12C$)'!13?!V$)=03>!I)$9K4a!13?!12!8$932);!F&%&F45!XD04!1FF$B&?! 2D&!4&2203>!$C!13!&3%0)$3'&32!8$3?980%&!C$)!C180F021203>!2D&!?&%&F$K'&32!$C!1!';)01?!$C!K)$J&824! 13?!F&%&)1>&!C93?4!C$)!2D&0)!0'KF&'&32120$35! - :&%&)1F! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! K)$?9824M! '&2D$?4M! 1KK)$18D&4! B&)&! K)$'$2&?! 2D)$9>D! 2D&! 0'KF&'&32120$3! $C! '$)&! 2D13! ,-! K)$J&824! 03! 1FF! 2D&! 6RAV/:! 8$932)0&4! 13?! 1FF$B&?! 2D&! 0'K)$%&'&32! $C! K)$?9820%02;! 13?! 8$'K&2020%&3&44! $C! C$$?! 41C&2;! 8)$K4! 498D! 14! L08&M! R1441%1M! d1'M!R$BK&1!03!2D&!21)>&2&?!8$''93020&45! - /! L&>0$31F! <0$41C&2;! L&>9F120$3! B14! ?&%&F$K&?! 13?! 04! 93?&)! %1F0?120$3! 12! 2D&! 6RAV/:! R$''0440$3! F&%&Fo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n! - !XD&! R$$)?03120$3! 4;42&'! $C! 2D&! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! 13?! <0$41C&2;! 4;42&'! 03! V&42! /C)081! '942! (&! 4942103&?!2$!1FF$B!(&22&)!13?!8$''$3!?&8040$3!'1=03>!K)$8&44&4!13?!0'K)$%&!2D&!$B3&)4D0K!$C! 2D&!E)$>)1'!(;!8$932)0&4!13?!2D&!6RAV/:!R$''0440$35!XD04!4D$9F?!(&!?$3&!2D)$9>Dn! o XD&!?&%&F$K'&32!$C!2D&!)&%04&?!/820$34!EF13!2D)$9>D!1!()$1?!8$349F2120%&!K)$8&44M! o XD&! 0'K)$%&'&32! $C! 2D&! C93820$31F02;! $C! 2D&! :2&&)03>! R$''022&&! BD08D! '942! (&! '$)&! K)$1820%&!03!%1F0?1203>!2D&!)&%04&?!/820$34!EF13M!>90?03>!RAL/PTV6R/LW!13?!K)&K1)03>! 2D&!H2D!N03042&)01F!R$3C&)&38&!?9&!4038&!*+,+! o :94210303>!2D&!49KK$)2!2$!RAL/PTV6R/LW!C$)!2D&!2&8D3081F!8$$)?03120$3!$C!2D&!EF135!S3! K1)2089F1)M!2D&!C93820$303>!$C!2D&!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!<0$41C&2;!E)$>)1'!'942!(&!?0)&82F;! 49KK$)2&?!(;!2D&!6RAV/:!R$''0440$3!2D)$9>D!1!;&1)F;!1FF$812&?!(9?>&2! o S'K)$%03>! 2D&! C93820$303>! $C! 2D&! L&>0$31F! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! EF12C$)'! 14! B&FF! 14! 2D&! X&8D3081F!V$)=03>!I)$9K4! - XD&!?&%&F$K'&32!$C!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!K)$?9824!'942!(&!K9)49&?5!64K&801FF;M!2D&!2&8D3$F$>0&4!2D12! B&)&!K)$%&3!2$!(&!D0>DF;!&CC080&32!4D$9F?!(&!21=&3!2$!481F&!03!$)?&)!2$!40>30C08132F;!8$32)0(92&!2$! 2D&!0'K)$%&'&32!$C!1>)089F29)1F!K)$?9820%02;!13?!8$'K&2020%&3&44!$C!2D&!)&>0$3o!2D04!B0FF!(&!?$3&! 2D)$9>D! 1! 8$'K&2020%&! >)132! 4;42&'! C$)! N:R! 13?! EDW! K)$>)1'4! 14! B&FF! 14! 1KKF0&?! 13?! (1408! )&4&1)8D!03!<0$2&8D3$F$>;!13?!<0$41C&2;!8$3?982&?!2$!4$F%&!2D&!1>)089F29)1F!8$342)10324!03!V&42!
18
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:05 Page23
-
/C)0815! XD&! N142&)! K)$>)1'! C$)! 1>)089F29)1F! <0$2&8D3$F$>;! B0FF! (&! 0342)9'&321F! 03! 2)10303>! )&4&1)8D&)4!13?!2D&!3&2B$)=!$C!R&32)&4!$C!678&FF&38&4!0?&320C0&?!2D)$9>D!2D&!429?0&4!8$3?982&?! ?9)03>!2D&!C0)42!KD14&!B0FF!(&!94&?!2$!8$3?982!42)12&>08!429?0&45! 6CC$)24! 4D$9F?! (&! K9)49&?! C$)! 2D&! 1?$K20$3! $C! 2D&! L&>0$31F! <0$41C&2;! L&>9F120$3! 13?! 024! 1KKF08120$3!12!8$932);!F&%&F45!XD12!B0FF!(&!(18=&?!9K!B02D!2D&!(0$41C&2;!81K1802;!(90F?03>!&CC$)245!
! !
!
!
19
CORAF - DOC11_Mise en page 1 16/11/15 23:05 Page24
7, Avenue Bourguiba, BP 48- cp18523- Dakar SENEGAL Tel 221 869 96 18 Fax 221 869 96 31 secoraf@coraf.org www.coraf.org