Staple Crops Program Improving the Staple Crops Sector to Achieve Food Security and High Incomes
Dakar, Senegal November, 2009 By Ernest Asiedu B P 48 Dakar RP SĂŠnĂŠgal http://www.coraf.org
Staple Crops Programme Manager
Demographic and Social Vulnerability 1. WCA is inhabited by 318 people, with rapid population growth of 3.1%), twice global average . 2. Whilst 60-70% depend on agriculture, 50-60% live on less than $1 a day. 3. Widespread hunger and malnutrition are common and access to technology is limited –
2
Constraints (% Responses) Producers 14 12 10 8
l
6 4 2 0
Seed
Prod. Tech
Fert
Mark'ng
Cap'ty st'g
Cl Ch'ge Storage Soil fert
Irr'tion
Proc'ng Germ'sm
14 12 10 9Backgro und
8 6 4
Poverty Rates
2
Effect of Climate Change 1. Africa is warming at about 0.05°C per decade. 2. In the Sahel, rainfall has decreased by 20 to 40% in past 30 years with 910 months dry season in a year 3. Frequent dry spells & floods during the growing season have become common
Vulnerability to food insecurity High risk of food insecurity and low capacity to mitigate food insecurity Stagnant agricultural productivity of the past 40 years Objective To improve staple crops productivity and competitiveness through the promotion of appropriate technologies and the creation of conducive environment for cooperation among stakeholders
.
Rate (%)
0 Credit
62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46
Tech trans
Gp. Anim Pr'g eq't Com/info
Policy
Constraints (% Responses) Processors Coastal
Central
Sahel
Zone
Coping Capacity Potential Economic Contribution during next 10 Years Cassava 4.7 billion Yam 1.8 billion Rice 6.8 billion Maize 2.5 billion, Sorghum 2.4 billion), Millet 1.6 billion Cowpea 380 million) Groundnuts 3.4 billion Plantain B P 48 Dakar RP Sénégal Total 23.68 billion http://www.coraf.org
Constraints (% Response Agri-input Enterprises Credit 17 Market 13 Capacity strengthening 12 Policy 9 Breeder & found’n seeds 8 Processing equipment 7 Seed prod’n t’nology 7 New germplasm 6
Land ten
3
Thematic Areas of interventions Project
Specific Objective
1. Agricultural productivity enhancement
Develop and promote new stress tolerant genetic materials, ISFM, IPM, NRM; involvement of more countries, particularly Central Africa
2. Agricultural inputs promotion
Promote seed entrepreneurship development; communityseed multiplication, capacity building; quality control; breeder, foundation and certified seed supply; variety releases, cataloguing; increase use of appropriate fertilizers
3. Promotion of post harvest technologies
Promote food storage technologies, diversification of processed products, conditioning, packaging, labeling and marketing)
4. Strengthening capacities of producers, processers and input organization and researchers
Civil society –association and group capacity building, technical capacity, access to inputs, credit and market; using projects to train scientists through their theses research
5. Accelerated promotion of regional harmonization/integration systems
Harmonize regulations in trade and , seed and germplasm exchanges
6. Strengthening sub-regional staple crops research coordination
Mobilization of resources (human and financial); partnership development; need to implement new projects to address gaps, up-scale and out-scale success stories; Improving networking with stakeholders B P 48 Dakar RP SĂŠnĂŠgal http://www.coraf.org
4
Critical Areas for Redress Enabling environment
Technology
Markets
Policy
Harmonization and trade
Effective partnership at national and subregional levels
Generation and promotion of productivity enhancing technologies (ISFM, NRM, IPM, soil water management) postharvest, processing.
Quality control and certification systems to support producers and private sector in adopting GAPs
Functional policy to support the growth of the private sector (input-output & processing enterprises
Innovations to remove barriers to trade (bank transactions, border, in-country, linguistic, currency)
Innovative and improved credit delivery
Germplasm that meet expectation of producers, processors, exporters, consumers made available through functional variety release system.
Promotion of harmonized market information systems and data collection for actors to make informed choices
Innovations to curb unfair competition between imported and locally produced cereals, with reformed policies to support local initiatives
Promotion of existing rules, regulations for cross-border trade in grains and seeds under the treaties of the RECs
Empowered producer and processor groups to enhance knowledge, skills and group management capacities
Widespread and costeffective use of appropriate inputs through group linkages to input/credit
Stabilized prices of produce through improved storage and longer term credits.
Innovative marketing systems for grains, particularly groundnuts in the Sahel
Strengthen Subregional capacity to implement harmonized rules, standards and regulations
Support to key NGOs for long term projects and to expand scope. Encourage NGOResearch-Private sector linkages.
Facilitate fabrication and acquisition of adaptive equipment (field, shelling, cleaning, processing)
Improved quality and year-round supply of raw material and storage systems
Curbing embargo on recruitment of scientists
Strong producer, processors and exporter capacities in trade standards, rules and regulations.
B P 48 Dakar RP SĂŠnĂŠgal http://www.coraf.org
5
Critical Areas for Redress
Enabling environment
Technology
Markets
Policy
Harmonization and trade
Improved farmerextension ratio, NGO-ResearchPrivate sector linkages to improve access to technology, market and credit.
Uninterrupted supply of breeder and foundation seeds of priority varieties
Promotions and utilization of certified seeds and fertilizer, bringing distributions centres closer to producing communities
Solutions to power and water outages to improve private sector performance.
Improved linkages of emerging entrepreneurs (yam markets) to subregional and export markets
Research capacity (human, equipment, logistics) strengthened
Functional agribusinesses in roots and tubers and plantain together with orthodox seeds.
Tax exception on imported on imported machinery and equipment
Acquisition of vital farm machinery and equipment for land preparation, irrigation, postharvest activities
Private sector – policy support and linkages to public sector institutions
B P 48 Dakar RP SĂŠnĂŠgal http://www.coraf.org
6
Opportunities Offered by Organizations Organization
Opportunity
CORAF/WECARD Programmes
1.
Livestock, Aqua-culture and Fisheries; (3) Non-Staple Crops; (4) Natural Resource Management; (5) Biotechnology & Bio-safety, (6) Policy, Market and Trade; (7) Knowledge Management; (8) Capacity Strengthening
Base Centres/CG /NARS
1. 2. 3. 4.
Sources of technologies to address constraints, Experience in sub-regional agricultural systems and linkages Services in documentation and laboratory analyses Capacity strengthening
WARDA
•NERICA Upland (N1, N2) and Lowland (N3, N4) tolerant to multiple stresses •Rice varieties tolerant to RYMV, soil salinity/acidity, •Lowland cropping systems •Grain quality improvement
IITA
•Multi-purpose cassava varieties resistance to the ACMV, CBB, Green Mites •Adapted yam varieties resistance to virus •Maize varieties bio-fortified (Zn, Fe, Amino Acids) and resistant to stresses •Adapted cowpea/soybean varieties resistant to pests and diseases •Post-harvest technology
ICRISAT
•Sorghum OPVs & hybrids and millet; •Striga tolerant sorghum •Groundnut resistant to the Rosette Virus and other pests
CARBAB
•Plantain and banana (for local and export markets)
CERAAS
•Sorghum, Millet, Groundnut and Cowpea adaptation to dry conditions B P 48 Dakar RP Sénégal http://www.coraf.org
Pictures
7
Organizations
Opportunities
Farmer Organizations
Grouping/associations facilitate partnership, linkages, technology transfer and lobbying
Processors and Traders
1. 2. 3.
Agric-input organizations
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Extension/NGOs
RECs/Market institutions
1. 2.
Creating and diversifying markets; Reducing post-harvest losses Improve year-round food availability , Facilitate sub-regional food distribution Promotion of new germplasm Promotion of harmonized rules, regulations, standards, variety release and cataloguing systems Certification systems in some countries Existence input entrepreneurs and companies WASA, AFSTA and AGRA provide opportunity
3.
Innovative in building partnership with private sector, Capacity strengthening and provision of market information, standards and linkage, Group animation Ext: Source of useful national information, data and policy
1.
Offer sub-regional policy, harmonized rules and regulations
B P 48 Dakar RP SĂŠnĂŠgal http://www.coraf.org
Pictures
8
Ongoing and Prospective Projects
Commissioned Projects
Competitive Projects (Proposal Evaluation – Ongoing)
Prospective Projects
Promotion of Striga Resistant Sorghum Varieties to mitigate food crises in the Sahelian zone (Senegal, Mali, Northern Nigeria and Burkina Faso)
Integrated crop management technologies to improve farm-level productivity of maize, cowpea and plantain
Promotion of Lowland Ricebased Cropping Intensification Technology
Promotion of improved yam Minisett technology and reducing excessive use of food yam for planting in Ghana, Nigeria, Togo and Benin
Promotion of grain storage, threshing/shelling and conditioning technologies to reduce post-harvest losses and improve market quality of maize and cowpea
Variety development and seed systems improvement (Cereal and Legume) and vegetative propagated crops (roots and tubers) in West and Central Africa
Improving post-harvest quality of rice, sorghum/millet and cassava products to enhance marketability in West Africa (Nigeria, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Liberia)
Promotion of processing and packaging technologies to improve shelf-life and enhance marketability of maize and cowpea
B P 48 Dakar RP SĂŠnĂŠgal http://www.coraf.org
9
Project Implementation modalities Conducting consultative planning with relevant stakeholders to develop action plan, define roles and budget allocation to key partners Ensuring the adoption of the IAR4D approach and the FAAP Principles Developing sub-contracts and MOUs among stakeholders for effective partnership Conducting baseline studies to identify current technologies being used by target groups, effects on their livelihoods and opportunities for improvement Training key target groups for technology adoptions Demonstrating socio-economic benefits and advantages of improved technology Facilitating linkages to vital services (credit, inputs and market) Facilitating the acquisition of basic processing equipment Monitoring and evaluating project for successful implementation
Conclusions The development and promotion of technologies, agri-input use, post-harvest systems, coupled with capacity strengthening of key actors, development of partnerships, coordination and resource mobilization, communication and monitoring and evaluation strategies are crucial in the project implementation process. Effective implementation of these elements will ensure improvements in productivity and market competitiveness of important staple crops to achieve food security and increased incomes, particularly of producers and agro-processors .
B P 48 Dakar RP Sénégal http://www.coraf.org