AN AMMENDMENT A n A m m e n d m e nt i s a re i m a g i n e d p at hw ay c on n e c t i n g t h e f a l s e r u i n s w it h i n Vi l l a Tor l on i a . T h e Vi l l a , c u r re nt l y a R om a n pu b l i c p a r k , w a s or i g i n a l l y c on s t r u c t e d i n 1 8 0 6 a s a n e s t at e f or t h e Tor l on i a f a m i l y, f or w h i c h it’s n a m e i s d e r i v e d . T h e v i l l a c on s i s t s of s e v e r a l h om e s , g a rd e n s , a n d d e c or at i v e s t r u c t u re s . T h e v i l l a ro s e t o f a m e , or i n f a my, w h e n pu rc h a s e d by B e n it o Mu s s o l i n i , w h o e nj oy e d t h e v i l l a f or t h e e nt i re t y of h i s r u l e ov e r It a l y. Fo l l ow i n g t h e f a l l of Fa s c i s t It a l y, t h e v i l l a re m a i n e d c l o s e d du e t o it s a f f i l i at i on w it h Mu s s o l i n i u nt i l 1 9 9 6 . It i s b e l i e v e d t h at Mu s s o l i n i c h o s e t o re s i d e i n Vi l l a Tor l on i a p a r t l y du e t o it s C l a s s i c a l d e s i g n . As a Fa s c i s t d i c t at or, Mu s s o l i n i s ou g ht t o c re at e a n e w It a l i a n e mpi re t h at w ou l d b e ro ot e d i n e x p a n s i on , i n n ov at i on , a n d s uppre s s i on . He a l s o s ou g ht t o e mu l at e t h e g l or y of t h e A n c i e nt R om a n E mpi re a n d t h e e mp e ror s w h o r u l e d it . B y c h o o s i n g t o prof e s s a d e s i re f or n e w n e s s a n d i n n ov at i on w h i l e c on s t a nt l y re f e r r i n g t o R om e’s p a s t g re at n e s s , Mu s s o l i n i du g h i m s e l f i nt o a h o l e of d i s s on a n c e . T h e f a l s e r u i n s s c att e re d t h rou g h out t h e prop e r t y h i g h l i g ht t h e d i s p a r it y b e t w e e n t h e o b s e s s i on w it h l e g it i m i z i n g on e s e l v e t h rou g h t h e p a s t a n d s t r i v i n g f or opt i m a l n e w n e s s . T h e s e f a l s e r u i n s w e re c on s t r u c t e d i n t h e e a r l y 1 9 t h c e nt u r y, but w e re i nt e n d e d t o l o o k a g e d by s e v e r a l m i l l e n i a . Mu s s o l i n i p l a c e d h i m s e l f n e a r t h e s e r u i n s i n h op e s of s t re n g t h e n i n g h i s t i e s t o A n c i e nt R om e .
PA G E 1
IMPERIAL FRAGMENTS / FRAGMENTING THE IMPERIAL
T h e pu r p o s e of A n A m m e n d m e nt i s t o h i g h i g ht a n d c or re c t t h e e x a c t f a l s e n e s s of t h e s e r u i n s , t o d i s t i n g u i s h t h e m f rom t h e t r u e v it a l it y of A n c i e nt R om e . A n A m e n d m e nt i s a n e l e v at e d p at hw ay c on n e c t i n g e a c h f a l s e r u i n t o a n ot h e r. As a d i c t at or, Mu s s o l i n i c on s t a nt l y m a d e h i m s e l f p hy s i c a l l y a b ov e t h o s e w h o h e r u l e d , by c re at i n g a n e l e v at e d s t r u c t u re , t h e av e r a g e p e r s on c a n m a i nt a i n a v a nt a g e p oi nt h i g h e r t h a n Mu s s o l i n i c a n , v i e w i n g t h e s t r u c t u re s a n d t h e Vi l l a a s a w h o l e w it h o bj e c t i v e c l a r it y. In f a c t , t h e p at h c ut s t h rou g h e a c h r u i n at i n c re m e nt s of 5 ’ 7 ”, Mu s s o l i n i’s s u r pr i s i n g l y s h or t s t at u re . Wh e n t h e p at h m e e t s t h e r u i n s , t h e b e l ow s t r u c tu re i s t r a n s f or m e d i nt o m e t a l p o l e s t h at e mp h a s i z e t h e i r n on - n at u r a l h e r it a g e . E a c h p o l e h a s a d i a m e t e r of a n i n c h , t h e s a m e d i a m e t e r of 1 L i r a , t h e c oi n t h at Mu s s o l i n i u s e d t o re nt t h e prop e r t y ( 1 / 1 4 0 t h e v a lu e of t h e 1 9 2 5 B r it i s h p ou n d ) . T h e s t r u c t u re i s re s t i n g up on t h e n ow i n s i g n i f i c a nt L i r a .
C O R N E L L U N I V E R S I T Y R O M E P R O G R A M : F O U N D AT I O N S I N A R C H I T E C T U R E , S P R I N G 2 0 2 0 / / I N S T R U C T O R : T E S S C L A N C Y
N A M E : C H A R LOT T E G R I F F I N S I T E : V I L L A TO R LO N I A AN AMMENDMENT
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Site Photographs and drawings ( 1 ) B e h i n d v i e w o f C a s i n o N o b i l e, M u s s o l i n i ’s r e s i d e n c e ( 2 ) I m a g e o f M u s s o l i n i a t Vi l l a To r l o n i a ( 3 ) I m a g e o f o b e l i s k ( 4 ) Fro n t Vi e w o f C a s i n o N o b i l e ( 5 ) I m a g e o f Te m p l e o f S a t u r n ( 6 ) I m a g e o f Fo n t a n a d i Tr i b u n a
PA G E 2
IMPERIAL FRAGMENTS / FRAGMENTING THE IMPERIAL
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C O R N E L L U N I V E R S I T Y R O M E P R O G R A M : F O U N D AT I O N S I N A R C H I T E C T U R E , S P R I N G 2 0 2 0 / / I N S T R U C T O R : T E S S C L A N C Y
NAME: Charlotte Griffin S I T E : Vi l l a To r l o n i a PROJECT TITLE:
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C i t y P l a n a n d C h ro n o l o g y 1:2500 P l a n h i g h l i g h t i n g t h e p hy s i c a l a n d c h r o n o l o g i c a l d i s t a n c e b e t we e n M u s s o l i n i ’s v i l l a a n d a n c i e n t s t r u c t u re s
Vi l l a To r l o n i a P l a n 1: 1000 Reimagined plan of the villa
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IMPERIAL FRAGMENTS / FRAGMENTING THE IMPERIAL
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C O R N E L L U N I V E R S I T Y R O M E P R O G R A M : F O U N D AT I O N S I N A R C H I T E C T U R E , S P R I N G 2 0 2 0 / / I N S T R U C T O R : T E S S C L A N C Y
f A M E : C H A R LOT T E G R I F F I N N S I T E : V I L L A TO R LO N I A AN AMMENDMENT
Pe r s p e c t i v e o f Fa l s e R u i n s
PA G E 4
IMPERIAL FRAGMENTS / FRAGMENTING THE IMPERIAL
C O R N E L L U N I V E R S I T Y R O M E P R O G R A M : F O U N D AT I O N S I N A R C H I T E C T U R E , S P R I N G 2 0 2 0 / / I N S T R U C T O R : T E S S C L A N C Y
N A M E : C H A R LOT T E G R I F F I N S I T E : V I L L A TO R LO N I A AN AMMENDMENT
Pe r s p e c t i v e o f Fo n t a n a d i Tr i b u n a Detailed view of intersection between Lira poles and false ruins PA G E 5
IMPERIAL FRAGMENTS / FRAGMENTING THE IMPERIAL
C O R N E L L U N I V E R S I T Y R O M E P R O G R A M : F O U N D AT I O N S I N A R C H I T E C T U R E , S P R I N G 2 0 2 0 / / I N S T R U C T O R : T E S S C L A N C Y
N A M E : C H A R LOT T E G R I F F I N S I T E : V I L L A TO R LO N I A AN AMMENDMENT
Pe r s p e c t i v e o f Te m p l e o f S a t u r n S t a i r w a y p l a c e d fo r n e w v a n t a g e p o i n t PA G E 6
IMPERIAL FRAGMENTS / FRAGMENTING THE IMPERIAL
C O R N E L L U N I V E R S I T Y R O M E P R O G R A M : F O U N D AT I O N S I N A R C H I T E C T U R E , S P R I N G 2 0 2 0 / / I N S T R U C T O R : T E S S C L A N C Y
N A M E : C H A R LOT T E G R I F F I N S I T E : V I L L A TO R LO N I A AN AMMENDMENT
Pe r s p e c t i v e o f O b e l i s k Fa c i i n g B a c k o f C a s i n o N o b i l e Inter vention acts as stair way PA G E 7
IMPERIAL FRAGMENTS / FRAGMENTING THE IMPERIAL
C O R N E L L U N I V E R S I T Y R O M E P R O G R A M : F O U N D AT I O N S I N A R C H I T E C T U R E , S P R I N G 2 0 2 0 / / I N S T R U C T O R : T E S S C L A N C Y
N A M E : C H A R LOT T E G R I F F I N S I T E : V I L L A TO R LO N I A AN AMMENDMENT
Pe r s p e c t i v e o f O b e l i s k f a c i n g f r o n t o f C a s i n o N o b i l e Pa t hw a y c i rc u m n a v i g a t e s t h e C a s i n o N o b i l e, M u s s o l i n i ’s r e s i d e n c y PA G E 8
IMPERIAL FRAGMENTS / FRAGMENTING THE IMPERIAL
C O R N E L L U N I V E R S I T Y R O M E P R O G R A M : F O U N D AT I O N S I N A R C H I T E C T U R E , S P R I N G 2 0 2 0 / / I N S T R U C T O R : T E S S C L A N C Y
N A M E : C H A R LOT T E G R I F F I N S I T E : V I L L A TO R LO N I A AN AMMENDMENT
1) Diagram of significant numbers 2 ) D i a g r a m d e p i c t i n g s t a i r i n t h e Te m p l e o f S a t u r n 3 ) D i a g r a m o f i n t e r a c t i o n b e t w e e n p a t hw a y a n d p a l m t r e e PA G E 9
IMPERIAL FRAGMENTS / FRAGMENTING THE IMPERIAL
C O R N E L L U N I V E R S I T Y R O M E P R O G R A M : F O U N D AT I O N S I N A R C H I T E C T U R E , S P R I N G 2 0 2 0 / / I N S T R U C T O R : T E S S C L A N C Y
N A M E : C H A R LOT T E G R I F F I N S I T E : V I L L A TO R LO N I A AN AMMENDMENT