Safety in the Workplace Sample Manual

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Safety in the Workplace Instructor Guide


TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ..............................................................................................................................................5 What is Courseware? ................................................................................................................................ 5 How Do I Customize My Course? .............................................................................................................. 5 Materials Required ................................................................................................................................... 7 Maximizing Your Training Power .............................................................................................................. 7 Module One: Getting Started .............................................................................................................9 Housekeeping Items.................................................................................................................................. 9 The Parking Lot ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Workshop Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 10 Pre-Assignment Review .......................................................................................................................... 11 Action Plans and Evaluation Forms ........................................................................................................ 11 Module Two: An Overview ............................................................................................................... 12 Work Safety and Health Legislations ...................................................................................................... 12 Roles & Duties ......................................................................................................................................... 13 Safety Planning ....................................................................................................................................... 14 Case Study............................................................................................................................................... 15 Module Two: Review Questions.............................................................................................................. 16 Module Three: Types of Hazards ...................................................................................................... 17 Computer Workstations.......................................................................................................................... 17 Ergonomics ............................................................................................................................................. 18 Fire Prevention ........................................................................................................................................ 19 Fitness & Wellness .................................................................................................................................. 20 Heat Stress .............................................................................................................................................. 21


Stress....................................................................................................................................................... 22 Violence .................................................................................................................................................. 23 Case Study............................................................................................................................................... 24 Module Three: Review Questions ........................................................................................................... 25 Module Four: Managers Role ........................................................................................................... 27 Promoting & Enforcing Safety Standards ............................................................................................... 27 Elements of a Health and Safety Program.............................................................................................. 28 Responsibilities ....................................................................................................................................... 29 Corporate Culture ................................................................................................................................... 30 Case Study............................................................................................................................................... 31 Module Four: Review Questions ............................................................................................................. 32 Module Five: Training ...................................................................................................................... 33 Reasons for Training ............................................................................................................................... 33 Definition ................................................................................................................................................ 34 Orientation.............................................................................................................................................. 35 On the Job Training ................................................................................................................................. 35 Safety Meetings ...................................................................................................................................... 36 Planning and Conducting a Training Session .......................................................................................... 37 Case Study............................................................................................................................................... 38 Module Five: Review Questions .............................................................................................................. 39 Module Six: Stress Management ...................................................................................................... 40 Altering ................................................................................................................................................... 40 Avoiding .................................................................................................................................................. 41 Accepting ................................................................................................................................................ 42 Relaxation Techniques ............................................................................................................................ 43 Using Routines to Reduce Stress ............................................................................................................. 44


Case Study............................................................................................................................................... 45 Module Six: Review Questions ................................................................................................................ 46 Module Seven: Workplace Violence ................................................................................................. 47 What is Workplace Violence? ................................................................................................................. 47 Identifying ............................................................................................................................................... 48 Addressing .............................................................................................................................................. 49 Implementing a Workplace Harassment Policy ...................................................................................... 50 Case Study............................................................................................................................................... 51 Module Seven: Review Questions ........................................................................................................... 52 Module Eight: Identifying Your Company Hazards ............................................................................. 53 Conducting an Inspection ....................................................................................................................... 53 Prioritizing Deficiencies........................................................................................................................... 54 Report & Following Up............................................................................................................................ 55 Case Study............................................................................................................................................... 56 Module Eight: Review Questions ............................................................................................................ 57 Module Nine: Drug & Alcohol Abuse................................................................................................. 58 For Employees ......................................................................................................................................... 58 For Managers or Supervisors .................................................................................................................. 59 When to Address..................................................................................................................................... 60 Implementing a “No Tolerance� Rule ..................................................................................................... 61 Case Study............................................................................................................................................... 62 Module Nine: Review Questions ............................................................................................................. 63 Module Ten: Writing the Safety Plan ................................................................................................ 64 Management Involvement ..................................................................................................................... 64 Responsibility .......................................................................................................................................... 65 Employee Involvement............................................................................................................................ 66


Follow Through with Accident Investigations ......................................................................................... 67 Training of Employees ............................................................................................................................ 68 Case Study............................................................................................................................................... 69 Module Ten: Review Questions .............................................................................................................. 70 Module Eleven: Implement the Plan ................................................................................................. 71 Selecting an Employee Representative ................................................................................................... 71 Identifying Roles ..................................................................................................................................... 72 Assigning Responsibility.......................................................................................................................... 73 Follow Through ....................................................................................................................................... 74 Case Study............................................................................................................................................... 75 Module Eleven: Review Questions .......................................................................................................... 76 Module Twelve: Wrapping Up .......................................................................................................... 77 Words from the Wise .............................................................................................................................. 77 Review of Parking Lot ............................................................................................................................. 77 Lessons Learned ...................................................................................................................................... 77 Completion of Action Plans and Evaluations .......................................................................................... 78


Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner everywhere. Chinese Proverb Preface What is Courseware? Welcome to Courseware.com, a completely new training experience! Our courseware packages offer you top-quality training materials that are customizable, user-friendly, educational, and fun. We provide your materials, materials for the student, PowerPoint slides, and a takehome reference sheet for the student. You simply need to prepare and train! Best of all, our courseware packages are created in Microsoft Office and can be opened using any version of Word and PowerPoint. (Most other word processing and presentation programs support these formats, too.) This means that you can customize the content, add your logo, change the color scheme, and easily print and e-mail training materials.

How Do I Customize My Course? Customizing your course is easy. To edit text, just click and type as you would with any document. This is particularly convenient if you want to add customized statistics for your region, special examples for your participants’ industry, or additional information. You can, of course, also use all of your word processor’s other features, including text formatting and editing tools (such as cutting and pasting). To remove modules, simply select the text and press Delete on your keyboard. Then, navigate to the Table of Contents, right-click, and click Update Field. You may see a dialog box; if so, click “Update entire table” and press OK.

(You will also want to perform this step if you add modules or move them around.)

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If you want to change the way text looks, you can format any piece of text any way you want. However, to make it easy, we have used styles so that you can update all the text at once. If you are using Word 97 to 2003, start by clicking the Format menu followed by Styles and Formatting. In Word 2007 and 2010 under the Home tab, right-click on your chosen style and click Modify. That will then produce the Modify Style options window where you can set your preferred style options. For example, if we wanted to change our Heading 1 style, used for Module Titles, this is what we would do:

Now, we can change our formatting and it will apply to all the headings in the document. For more information on making Word work for you, please refer to Word 2007 or 2010 Essentials by Courseware.com.

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Materials Required All of our courses use flip chart paper and markers extensively. (If you prefer, you can use a whiteboard or chalkboard instead.) We recommend that each participant have a copy of the Training Manual, and that you review each module before training to ensure you have any special materials required. Worksheets and handouts are included within a separate activities folder and can be reproduced and used where indicated. If you would like to save paper, these worksheets are easily transferrable to a flip chart paper format, instead of having individual worksheets. We recommend these additional materials for all workshops: 

Laptop with projector, for PowerPoint slides

Quick Reference Sheets for students to take home

Timer or watch (separate from your laptop)

Masking tape

Blank paper

Maximizing Your Training Power We have just one more thing for you before you get started. Our company is built for trainers, by trainers, so we thought we would share some of our tips with you, to help you create an engaging, unforgettable experience for your participants. 

Make it customized. By tailoring each course to your participants, you will find that your results will increase a thousand-fold. o

Use examples, case studies, and stories that are relevant to the group.

o

Identify whether your participants are strangers or whether they work together. Tailor your approach appropriately.

o

Different people learn in different ways, so use different types of activities to balance it all out. (For example, some people learn by reading, while others learn by talking about it, while still others need a hands-on approach. For more information, we suggest Experiential Learning by David Kolb.)

Make it fun and interactive. Most people do not enjoy sitting and listening to someone else talk for hours at a time. Make use of the tips in this book and your own experience to keep your

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participants engaged. Mix up the activities to include individual work, small group work, large group discussions, and mini-lectures. 

Make it relevant. Participants are much more receptive to learning if they understand why they are learning it and how they can apply it in their daily lives. Most importantly, they want to know how it will benefit them and make their lives easier. Take every opportunity to tie what you are teaching back to real life.



Keep an open mind. Many trainers find that they learn something each time they teach a workshop. If you go into a training session with that attitude, you will find that there can be an amazing two-way flow of information between the trainer and trainees. Enjoy it, learn from it, and make the most of it in your workshops.

And now, time for the training!

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Safety is something that happens between your ears, not something you hold in your hands. Jeff Cooper Module One: Getting Started Those who are in management are responsible for protecting the safety of their employees. Workplace safety, however, is the responsibility of everyone in an organization. Companies have legal obligations to meet certain safety requirements, but many go further than the minimum obligations. Safety standards and procedures must be put in place, and everyone needs to follow the standards in order for them to be effective.

Housekeeping Items Take a few moments to cover basic housekeeping items. 

If you need an opening or a way to introduce the participants to each other, utilize the Icebreakers folder to begin or between breaks during the day.

Let participants know where they can find washrooms, break facilities, and fire exits.

Ask participants to turn off their cell phones or at least turn them to vibrate. If they must take a call, request that they do it outside.

Take this time to encourage the group to ask questions and make this an interactive workshop.

Write the words Respect, Confidentiality, and Practice on a piece of flip chart paper and tape it to the wall. Explain to participants that in order to get the most out of this workshop, we must all work together, listen to each other, explore new ideas, and make mistakes. After all, that’s how we learn!

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The Parking Lot Explain the concept of the Parking Lot to participants.

The Parking Lot is a visible place where you will “park” ideas that arise which are not on the agenda, may be off topic, or are better addressed outside of the program.

At the end of the session, we will review parked ideas and follow up, or make suggestions for your own investigation when you are back at work.

Suggestions for the trainer: 1. If you are working with a large group of participants, you may wish to nominate a recorder to park items as you are facilitating. 2. It’s a good idea to note the name of the contributor along with the parked item. 3. Items noted on the parking lot can be useful to you later as you plan future training sessions.

Workshop Objectives Research has consistently demonstrated that when clear goals are associated with learning, it occurs more easily and rapidly. With that in mind, let’s review our goals for today. At the end of this workshop, participants should be able to: 

Define workplace safety.

Understand legal responsibilities associated with a safe work environment.

Create a safety plan and identify hazards.

Recognize the role of management.

Develop training procedures.

Learn how to implement a safety plan.

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Pre-Assignment Review The purpose of the Pre-Assignment is to get participants thinking about their current thoughts and feelings in regards to Workplace Safety. You will also find a Pre-Assignment handout in the Activities folder. What do you feel are the three largest contributors to accidents and mishaps in the workplace? 1. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

Action Plans and Evaluation Forms Pass out the participant action plans and course evaluation forms. They are located in the activities folder. Ask participants to fill these out throughout the day as they learn new things and have ideas on how to incorporate the things we discuss into their lives. The action plan uses the SMART system. This means that your goals must be Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Timely.

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The safety of the people shall be the highest law.

Cicero Module Two: An Overview Workplace safety is a legal obligation for all organizations. The Occupational Health and Safety Act of 1970 led to further safety requirements in different industries. OSHA is a federal agency that oversees employee safety on a federal level, but there may be tighter state legislation. It is essential that every company understand safety legislation along with the roles and responsibilities the legislation requires. This understanding will help create and implement an effective workplace safety plan.

Work Safety and Health Legislations Employees are legally guaranteed a safe work environment, and OSHA is the agency that enforces safety regulations. Employers must protect workers from hazards. OSHA defines hazards that are unique to different industries. Generally, hazards include chemicals, equipment, and safety practices. Employers are required to keep records of injuries and illnesses while monitoring potential hazards. There is also a General Clause that requires employers to protect people from all known hazards. This clause is used in cases that are not specifically covered. OSHA oversees workers in state, local, and federal branches of the government as well as those in the private sector. Workers Not Covered By OSHA: 

Employees protected by other federal agencies

The self-employed

Family members of farmers who do not have employees

Estimated Time

10 minutes

Topic Objective

Introduce the basic legislation that protects employee safety.

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Topic Summary

This exercise gives participants the opportunity to consider basic safety legislation.

Materials Required

Worksheet One: OSHA

Planning Checklist

None

Recommended Activity

Complete the worksheet individually. Break into small groups and discuss your answers. Reunite with the class and review the topic.

Stories to Share

Share some common OSHA violations. You can explore the OSHA website for specific information. http://www.osha.gov/index.html

Delivery Tips

Skip the large group conversation or the small group discussion if you need more time.

Review Questions

What is the General Clause?

Roles & Duties Employers have specific roles and duties to keep their employees safe. Employers are required to discover and change hazardous working conditions instead of only using protective gear. Other employer responsibilities include: 

Warn employees about hazards using chemical sheets, codes, training, alarms, labels, etc.

Test air samples and other potential hazards.

Visibly post the OSHA poster, citations, injury, and illness information.

Provide exams or medical tests when necessary.

Record illness and injuries.

Contact OSHA within eight hours of employee death or three injuries.

Protect employees who report violations from retaliation.

Employees have a responsibility to report any unsafe conditions to their supervisors. They have the right to report violations to OSHA, which usually result in an inspection. Employees who report violations are legally protected from harassment and retaliation.

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Estimated Time

10 minutes

Topic Objective

Outline some of the roles and duties in workplace safety.

Topic Summary

Explore the roles and duties that employers have in providing a safe work environment.

Materials Required

Worksheet Two: Roles & Duties

Planning Checklist

None

Recommended Activity

Complete the worksheet individually. Break into small groups and discuss your answers. Review the topic as a class.

Stories to Share

Share a personal story about workplace safety or invite participants to share theirs.

Delivery Tips

You can skip the small group discussion to save time.

Review Questions

What must employers post?

Safety Planning A safe organization requires careful planning. Once employers understand their legal obligations and have identified the potential hazards, it is necessary to create a safety plan. An effective safety plan requires four fundamentals: 

Analysis: Identify and get rid of any hazards, and reassess regularly.

Involvement: Employees and managers need to be involved in the safety plan.

Maintenance: Keep equipment maintained and train employees how to handle them.

Training: Train employees in safety and hold occasional safety drills.

Estimated Time

10 minutes

Topic Objective

Explore what safety plans need.

Topic Summary

Identify what is needed to make an effective safety plan.

Materials Required

Worksheet Three: Safety Planning

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Planning Checklist

None

Recommended Activity

Complete the worksheet alone. Break into small groups and discuss your answers. Review the topic as a class.

Stories to Share

Share the importance of following safety procedures by sharing the story of how safety procedures saved a child’s life. Visit the link below or share one of your own stories. http://www.dallasnews.com/news/community-news/rockwall-rowlettheath/headlines/20100629-Safe-workers-save-boy-hidden-in-9010.ece

Delivery Tips

You can skip the small group discussion to save time.

Review Questions

What are the four necessary fundamentals of a safety plan?

Case Study Tom was in charge of making sure that the paper distribution company he worked for was always a constantly safe environment that was up to code. One day while checking the actual paper, he noticed that a new dye had been added to the packaging. While he wasn't sure if this would be a risk for any of the employees, he made sure to send out both an employee warning letter and contact the OSHA, or the agency that oversees safety regulations in the workplace. Afterword’s, he found out that it was harmless and that the company did not need to change a thing, but he was glad that he took the necessary steps, just in case it could have been toxic or a safety hazard.

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Module Two: Review Questions 1. Employees are legally guaranteed a safe work environment? a) True b) False 2. If hazardous working conditions are discovered, an employer only has to provide protective gear? a) True b) False 3. There are four fundamental areas of an effective safety plan, Analysis, Involvement, Maintenance, and ________? a) b) c) d)

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Auditing Training Transferring Syncing


A danger foreseen is half avoided. Proverb Module Three: Types of Hazards Keeping a safe workplace requires employers to identify and deal with hazards. Each industry has its own set of hazards, but there are workplace hazards that are common across organizations. The hazards in this module are examples of typical hazards. By identifying and anticipating hazards, employers can prevent injuries and keep employees safe.

Computer Workstations Computer workstations may seem harmless, but repetitive motion injuries such as carpal tunnel and muscular skeletal problems are common due to badly engineered workstations. The elements of a computer workstation need to be set up so that the body remains in a safe, neutral position and injuries are minimized. These elements include: desks, monitors, keyboards, chairs, mouse, telephones, document holders, and wrist pads. There should be enough room in the workstation to move around and take short breaks from tedious tasks. Basic Setup 

Room between the desk and chair so legs are not trapped

Chair supports the lower back

Feet are flat on the floor

Top of the monitor is eye level

The head and neck are level and aligned with the torso

Shoulders are relaxed

Elbows are supported

There is room for the mouse and keyboard

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The wrists and hands are lined up with the forearms

Estimated Time

10 minutes

Topic Objective

Understand the importance of properly setup computer workstations.

Topic Summary

Recognize potential problems at your own workstation.

Materials Required

Worksheet Four: Workstations

Planning Checklist

None

Recommended Activity

Work on the exercise individually. Review the concepts as a class.

Stories to Share

Tell the participants that OSHA has recommendations for workstation components. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/computerworkstations/components.html

Delivery Tips

Have a small group discussion if they finish early.

Review Questions

What is the hazard of using computers?

Ergonomics We briefly discussed ergonomics with computer workstations. Ergonomics, in general, is used to make the demands of a job suit the needs of the workers. The science of ergonomics will increase productivity while decreasing injuries in the workplace. Employees are at risk of injury when they engage in repetitive motions, heavy lifting, pushing, carrying, or working with their hands. There are ergonomic standards for each industry. It is essential that employees be trained in proper ergonomics so that they are aware of how injuries can be prevented. Ergonomic Tips: 

Bend from the knees.

Lift with your legs.

Take breaks.

Exercise.

Keep weight evenly distributed when seated and standing.

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Estimated Time

10 minutes

Topic Objective

Explore ergonomics and understand what activities contribute to injuries.

Topic Summary

Use the exercise to determine how well you practice safe ergonomics.

Materials Required

Worksheet Five: Ergonomics

Planning Checklist

None

Recommended Activity

Complete the worksheet individually and discuss your answers with the small group. Review as a class.

Stories to Share

Explain that proper body mechanics are important both inside and outside the workplace. Direct the participants to the OSHA website for specific ergonomic instructions.

Delivery Tips

Skip the small or large group discussion to save time.

Review Questions

When are employees most at risk of injury?

Fire Prevention Fires can happen anywhere. Every organization needs to invest in fire prevention. The common causes of workplace fires are arson, cigarettes, and electrical fires. Every employer needs to train employees how to prevent fires and act when they do occur. Tips to Prevent Fires: 

Keep the building clean and clear of debris.

Make sure that alarms and other safety equipment are in working order.

Keep fire doors closed.

Do not smoke in areas not designated for smoking, and handle lighters and matches carefully.

Teach employees to use fire extinguishers.

Implement an evacuation plan.

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Estimated Time

10 minutes

Topic Objective

Explain the importance of fire safety in the workplace.

Topic Summary

Explore ways to prevent fires.

Materials Required

Worksheet Six: Fire Prevention

Planning Checklist

None

Recommended Activity

Complete the exercise individually. Discuss the exercise as a group, and review as a class.

Stories to Share

Share that there are over 6,000 office fires in the United States each year.

Delivery Tips

Skip either the small or large group discussion if time is running short.

Review Questions

What are typical causes of work fires?

Fitness & Wellness More employers are taking steps to improve the health and fitness of their employees. It is in an employer’s best interest to invest in the wellness of employees. Healthy employees are more productive, take fewer sick days, and cost less in insurance premiums. Ways to Improve Fitness and Wellness: 

Keep healthy snacks at the office.

Offer to supplement gym memberships or have workout equipment at the office.

Support smoking cessation programs.

Promote nutrition and weight loss programs.

Estimated Time

10 minutes

Topic Objective

Share the importance of fitness and wellness.

Topic Summary

Explore ways to improve fitness and wellness.

Materials Required

Worksheet Seven: Fitness & Wellness

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Planning Checklist

None

Recommended Activity

Complete the exercise individually. Discuss the exercise as a group, and review as a class.

Stories to Share

Share that companies that spend $100 to $150 on an employee’s fitness will save up to $450 a year per employee.

Delivery Tips

Skip either the small or large group discussion if time is running short.

Review Questions

What are typical employee issues with fitness and wellness?

Heat Stress Employees who work in extremely hot conditions are susceptible to heat stress. Heat stress includes heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, and heat cramps. Jobs particularly prone to heat stress are factory workers, bakers, miners, fire fighters, construction workers, etc. Heat stress can lead to injuries as people become disoriented or lose consciousness. Ways to Prevent Heat Stress: 

Drink water and refrain from caffeine.

Rest in cool locations.

Take frequent breaks.

Slowly acclimate to the heat.

Wear the appropriate clothing.

Estimated Time

10 minutes

Topic Objective

Introduce heat stress

Topic Summary

Explore ways to prevent heat stress.

Materials Required

Flipchart/ marker

Planning Checklist

None

Recommended Activity

Ask the participants to consider ways a company can limit the risk of heat

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stroke. List them on the flip chart. Share the CDC’s tips on how employers can prevent heat stress. Stories to Share http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/heatstress/ Delivery Tips

None

Review Questions

What jobs are more likely to cause heat exhaustion?

Stress Most Americans identify work as their main cause of stress. Stress, even more than diet, is linked to obesity for workers in sedentary jobs, according to research published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Employee stress costs employers money in terms of lost time, productivity, and illness. It is important to teach employees how to manage their stress. Ways to Fight Stress: 

Eat well: Choose fruits and vegetables over salty snacks.

Exercise: This will help you focus as it releases endorphins.

Prioritize: Learn to manage time wisely and balance work and life.

Estimated Time

10 minutes

Topic Objective

Share the dangers of stress.

Topic Summary

Explore ways to improve stress levels.

Materials Required

Flipchart/ marker

Planning Checklist

None

Recommended Activity

Ask the participants to consider ways a company can reduce stress. List them on the flip chart. Share ways that you or people you know relieve stress.

Stories to Share Share ideas from the CDC.

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http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/99-101/ Delivery Tips

Skip either the small or large group discussion if time is running short.

Review Questions

What is a risk for obesity?

Violence Workplace violence accounts for one quarter of work related deaths. Employers are responsible for the safety of employees and a workplace violence prevention program will help to build awareness and save lives. Workplace violence prevention programs teach employees how to identify and diffuse conflicts, manage stress, manage anger, protect personal safety, respect diversity, and report problems. How Employers Can Prevent Violence: 

Screening: Use background checks and reference checks to hire stable individuals.

Security: Implement a security protocol.

Mediation: Help employees find ways to resolve disputes.

Balance: Create programs that will promote work and life balance.

Assess: Hire a threat assessment team to watch for potential violence.

Estimated Time

10 minutes

Topic Objective

Share the dangers of workplace violence.

Topic Summary

Explore ways to prevent workplace violence.

Materials Required

Flipchart/marker

Planning Checklist

None Ask participants what they consider the warnings of potential violence to be. List the warning signs.

Recommended Activity

Compare your list with the US Office of Personnel Management’s. http://www.opm.gov/employment_and_benefits/worklife/officialdocument s/handbooksguides/WorkplaceViolence/p1-s3.asp

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Stories to Share

Share any experience you have with workplace violence or allow a participant to share a story.

Delivery Tips

None

Review Questions

What can employers do to prevent violence?

Case Study Jerry worked at a paper distribution company. He noticed that more and more people were complaining of injuries such as carpal tunnel in the wrists as well as lower back pain. To address these concerns, Jerry decided to hold a meeting. He found out from the employees that the desks were too short, and forced them to hunch over in the chair, and that contributed to the lower back pain. In addition, they were not following the guidelines for using the keyboard and such, though this too was mainly a result of the lower desks being counters to the good posture of the employees. Jerry found a way for the desks to be elevated, and within time, stopped receiving the complaints after the needs of the employees were met.

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Module Three: Review Questions 1. When setting up a computer workstation what should the top of the monitor be in line with? a) b) c) d) 2.

Shoulders Eyes Chest Chin

The proper use ergonomics will decrease productivity and injuries? a) True b) False

3. A healthy and less stressed employee will be more productive and take fewer sick days? a) True b) False 4. Workplace violence accounts for what percentage of work related deaths? a) b) c) d)

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