DIAMANTINA CHRISTENSEN by CRANN Editores

INTRODUCTION LETTER SECTION A - Surface-Set Diamond Bits - Impregnated Bits - Impregnated Bitss Non-Standart Options - Reaming Shells - Casing Shoes - Available Sizes - Operational Parameters - Weat Petterns SECTION B Wire Line Drill Rods - Drill Rod: MO (HMO/NMO/BMO) - Drill Rod: O (HO/NO/BO) - Drill Rod: PO - Drill Rod: AO - Drill Rod: CASING (BW/NW/NX/HWT/PW) - Drill Rod: REVERSE CIRCULATION SECTION C - Core Barrel - Head Assembly - Overshot - Outer/Inner tube options - Core lifter options - Core lifter case options - Locking Coupling Options - Adapter Coupling Options - Extended Core barrels - HW Casing advancer - HWT Casing advancer - TT-46 Standart core barrel - XRPS Standard Core Barrel SECTION D - Compact Water Swivel / Spare Parts Kit - Compact PLUS Water Swivel / Spare Part Kit - Universal Water Swivel / Spare Parts Kit - 45000 lb Water Swivel / Spare Parts Kit - Underground Water Swivel / Spare Parts Kit - Underground Plus Water Swivel / Spare Parts Kit - Stuffing Box SECTION E - AW Hoisting Plug / Spare Parts Kit - NW Hoisting Plug / Spare Parts Kit - 45,000 lb Hoisting Plug / Spare Parts Kit

SECTION G Adapter Subs - Water Swivel - Hoisting Plug - Drill Rods - Casing - Recovery Tool SECTION H - Lower Hydraulic Clamp - Inner & Outer Tube Full Gri p Wrenches - Straig ht Type Wrench - Full Gri p Wrench - Pump Royal Bean 435 - Pressure Relief Valve - Jaws - Hydraulic Pump Out Core - Mud Mixer

INDEX / TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION F - Wireline Rod Tap - Wireline Rod Rig ht Hand Full Gri p Tap - Casing Tap - Casing and Drill Rod Tap - Standard Rod and Coupling Tap - Casing and Rod Cutter - Hoisting Plug Adapter - Water Swivel Adapter Subs - HW & HWT Casing and Rod Cutter

Av. Santa Ana 180 / Ate Vitarte / Lima - Perú Phone: +51 (1) 320 0494

INTRODUCTION LETTER

Leader in manufacture and trade of mining exploration products in Latin America. Diamantina Christensen was founded to meet our customers’needs with a complete line of tools and accessories for the diamond drilling industry. Our experience,technological skills,and research allow our product line to be continually improved. Therefore,we have expanded our line of drilling tools and parts, as well as having the best conditions to create new products and improve delivery systems terms. Our team develops customized solutions. In our search for long-term relationshi ps with our customers, we have been able to provide prices throug h our supply agreements.

Our plants in Chile and Peru have ISO 9001:2000 Certification. Thus, we guarantee the hig hest standards demonstrating our commitment to total quality.

Humberto Arce General Manager

Lo Campino 432 / Quilicura / Santiago / Chile Phone: +56 (2) 2620 7800

Av. Santa Ana 180 / Ate Vitarte / Lima - Perú Phone: +51 (1) 320 0494

In this sense,we want to provide our customers with the best

SECTION A / DIAMANTINA CHRISTENSEN A7

SECTION A - Surface-Set Diamond Bits

A-8

- Impregnated Bits

A-9

- Impregnated Bitss Non-Standart Options

A-11

- Reaming Shells

A-12

- Casing Shoes

A-13

- Available Sizes

A-14

- Operational Parameters

A-15

- Weat Petterns

A-16

SECTION A / SURFACE SET DIAMOND BITS

SURFACE SET DIAMOND BITS HOW TO ORDER AN IMPREGNATED BIT? Ordering code: 1. Bit size (Chart 1,page A-8) 2. Diamond size (Picture 1) 3. Crown pro le (Picture 2) 4. Discharge con guration (Picture 3) Example: HQ 25 spc Stepped pro le Face discharge for pilot core lifter case Surface-set diamond bit size HQ 25 spc diamond size Stepped crown pro le Face discharge for pilot core lifter case NOTE: All kind of surface-set diamond bits are available. In addition, all the orders are warmly accepted according to specific customers requirements. Picture 1: Available crown profiles

GENERAL DESCRIPTION Diamantina Christensen introduces the latest generation of surface-set diamond core bits utilized for the geological exploration industry A8

Surface-set diamond bits are manufactured by the hig hest quality standards to give long service life and maximum penetration Diamonds are set in a pre-determined pattern on the working surfaces of the bit Appropiate for soft to medium formations due to the greater exposure of the individual diamond crystals. Outstanding performance in unconsolidated formations such as sandstone,gypsum,clay or talc.

A. STEPPED PROFILE

B. PILOT PROFILE

C. SEMI-ROUND PROFILE

Picture 2: Available discharges STANDARD CORE LIFTER CASE PILOT CORE L.C.

HOW TO SELECT AN IMPREGNATED BIT? Keep in mind the following: 1. For soft and clayey formations is recomended face discharge 2. The hig her rock hardness,the smaller diamond embbeded on the bit. The diamond stone size (Stones per carat [spc]) available are: A. REGULAR DISCHARGE

B. FACE DISCHARGE

. C. FACE DISCHARGE

10/15 spc: Very soft to soft formations 15/25 spc: Soft to soft medium formations 25/40 spc: Soft medium to medium formations 40/60 spc: Medium to medium hard formations

Lo Campino 432 / Quilicura / Santiago / Chile Phone: +56 (2) 2620 7800

Av. Santa Ana 180 / Ate Vitarte / Lima - Perú Phone: +51 (1) 320 0494

IMPREGNATED BITS SECTION A / IMPREGNATED BITS

GENERAL DESCRIPTION Diamantina Christensen introduces the latest generation of impregnated diamond core bits utilized for the geological exploration industry. Matrix composed of a powdered metal bond and synthetic diamond embedded in a uniform distribution. Simple crown geometry that makes them less susceptible to in-hole damages than other types of cutting media. Hig h perform in medium to hard formations. Better tolerance to changing formations. The abrasiveness and hardness of the formation is a critical variable for the bit selection. Low series bits would be used to drill a soft, abrasive, unconsolidated formation such as Sandstone,Gypsum,Calcite or Talc. Hig h series bits would be used to drill a hard, non-abrasive, consolidated formation such as Jasperite,Taconite,Quartz or Chert.

HOW TO SELECT AN IMPREGNATED BIT? Keep in mind the following:

Powder Metal Bono

Rock characteristics (Picture 4,page A-4) Drill power (Series descri ption,page A-4) Low power Hig her series Hig h power Lower series

3. Penetration rate and bit life: Slow penetration Hig her series Short bit life Lower series HOW TO ORDER AN IMPREGNATED BIT? Ordering code: 4. Bit size (Chart 1,page A-8) 5. Bit Series (Picture 4,next page)

Industrial Diamonds Insert Grit Diamond

Lo Campino 432 / Quilicura / Santiago / Chile Phone: +56 (2) 2620 7800

Example: HQ 4A Impregnated bit size HQ Series 4A Regular discharge NOTE: If non-standard impregnated bits are required,please go to Options (page A-5) All kind of impregnated bits are available. In addition,all the orders are warmly accepted according to specific customers requirements.

Av. Santa Ana 180 / Ate Vitarte / Lima - PerĂş Phone: +51 (1) 320 0494

Copyrig ht ÂŠ 2014 / Diamantina Christensen / All Rig ht Reserved

Steel Body

1. 2.

SECTION A / IMPREGNATED BITS

IMPREGNATED BITS

A10

IMPREGNATED SERIES AVAILABLES IN Picture 1 / Bit Series: 10mm - 12mm & 15mm - 20mm.

Lo Campino 432 / Quilicura / Santiago / Chile Phone: +56 (2) 2620 7800

Av. Santa Ana 180 / Ate Vitarte / Lima - Perú Phone: +51 (1) 320 0494

GENERAL DESCRIPTION Diamantina Christensen has also impregnated bits with non-standard features upon request. In this section you can order specially designed bits according to your needs: HOW TO ORDER A NON-STANDARD FEATURE IMPREGNATED BIT? Ordering code: 1. Bit size (Chart 1, page A-8) 2. Bit series (Picture 4,previous page) 3. Discharge configuration (Picture 2 or 3) 4. Waterway configuration (Picture 4) 5. Bit blank (Picture 5) Example: HQ- 4A - Deep waterway discharge for pilot core lifter case - Wide waterway - Reinforced bit blank Impregnated bit size HQ Series 4A Deep waterway discharge for pilot core lifter case Wide waterway Reinforced blank

STANDARD CORE LIFTER CASE

A / REGULAR WATERWAY

B / WIDE WATERWAY

C / TURBO WATERWAY

D / FACE WATERWAY

Picture 4: Available waterways configuration

SECTION A / IMPREGNATED BITS NON-STANDARD OPTIONS

IMPREGNATED BITS NON-STANDARD OPTIONS

Picture 2: Available discharges for standard core lifter case PILOT CORE LIFTER CASE

Picture 5: Reinforced bit blank upon request Other options upon request

Picture 3: Available discharges for pilot core lifter case

Lo Campino 432 / Quilicura / Santiago / Chile Phone: +56 (2) 2620 7800

Av. Santa Ana 180 / Ate Vitarte / Lima - Perú Phone: +51 (1) 320 0494

A11

SECTION A / REAMING SHELLS

REAMING SHELLS GENERAL DESCRIPTION SYNTHETIC DIAMOND REAMER SHELL Diamonds and Reinforcements: The natural diamonds and WC sparks (tungsten carbide) have been replaced by hig h quality synthetic diamonds and TSP rectangular inserts (polycrystalline diamond thermally stable) apart from keeping WC rectangular inserts. All these elements have been redistributed in the matrix to maximize the protection area of the bit and,therefore,the resistance to erosion and useful life of the reamer shell. MATRIX After many field tests,it was found the ideal relation between hardness and ductility of the matrix,increasing hardness to maximize the resistance to erosion and maintain the ductility needed to resist all adverse conditions under drilling without problems. Thanks to all these new qualities the new synthetic diamond reamer shell of Diamantina Christensen will guarantee an excellent performance of all terrain equi pment.

A12

NEW Cone to the top of the bit, which reduces erosion of the reamer shell by softening the change of diameter between the drill and the reamer shell making easier the reaming of the hole.

Copyrig ht ÂŠ 2014 / Diamantina Christensen / All Rig ht Reserved Lo Campino 432 / Quilicura / Santiago / Chile Phone: +56 (2) 2620 7800

Av. Santa Ana 180 / Ate Vitarte / Lima - PerĂş Phone: +51 (1) 320 0494

CASING SHOES SECTION A / CASING SHOES

GENERAL DESCRIPTION Diamantina Christensen introduces the latest generation of casing shoes used for drilling down or positioning casing tubes in a drilled hole. The inside diameter is not set with diamonds and fit with the outside diameter of the reaming shell, allowing free passage of rods,core bits,core barrels and reaming shells. Standard surface-set casing shoes are produced with specially chosen diamonds of 40 spc. Other diamond sizes are availables upon request.

HOW TO ORDER A SURFACE-SET DIAMOND CASING SHOE? Ordering code: 1. Surface-set diamond casing shoe size (Chart 2, page A-8) Example: HW Surface-set diamond casing shoe Surface-set diamond casing shoe size HW 40 spc diamond size

A13

Example: HW Impregnated casing shoe Impregnated casing shoe size HW Series 2 Options availables upon request: Reinforced shoe blank Series 7 and 9 for impregnated casing shoes Other diamond sizes for surface-set casing shoes All kind of casing shoes are available. In addition, all the orders are warmly a ccepted according to specific customer’s requirements

Lo Campino 432 / Quilicura / Santiago / Chile Phone: +56 (2) 2620 7800

Av. Santa Ana 180 / Ate Vitarte / Lima - Perú Phone: +51 (1) 320 0494

HOW TO ORDER A IMPREGNATED CASING SHOE? Ordering code: 1. Impregnated casing shoe size (Chart 2,page A-8)

SECTION A / AVAILABLE SIZES

AVAILABLE SIZES CORE BIT & REAMING SHELL SIZES SIZES

OUTER DIAMETER CORE BITS IN

29.8

XRPS

1.295 32.9 0.890 22.6 1.295 32.9

EWG,EWL,EWM

1.470

29.8 0.735

CASING SIZES

1.175

OUTER DIAMETER REAMING SHELLS

1.175

RWT (XRT)

INNER DIAMETER CORE BITS

CASING SHOE & CASING BIT SIZES

18.7

OUTER DIAMETER CASING BIT & SHOE IN

1,470

INNER DIAMETER CASING BIT IN

OUTER DIAMETER CASING SHOE IN

37.7

1,000

25.4

1,186

1,875

47.6

1,405

35.6

1,500

37.9

37.3 0.845 21.5 1.485

37.7

2,345

59.5

1,780

45.2

1,905

48.2

EWT (EXT)

1.470

37.3 0.905 23.0 1.485

37.7

2,965

75.3

2,215

56.2

2,375

60.1

IEW

1.470

37.3 0.995 25.3 1 .485

37.7

3,615

91.8

2,840

72.1

3,000

75.9

T2-46

1.811

46.0 1.248

31.7 1.823 46.3

4,625

117.4

3,778

95.9

3,925

99.6

TT46,LTK46

1.811

46.0

1.389 35.3 1.823 46.3

5,650

143.5

4,632

117.4

4,858

121.3

1.875

47.6 1.062 27.0 1.890

48.0

6,790

172.4

5,632 142.8

5,941

146.7

47.6

1.185

30.1 1.890

48.0

7,800

196.1

6,755

171.4

6,906 175.3

8,810

223.7 7,755 196.8

7,977 200.7

AWG,AWL,AWM 1.875 AQTK

1.875

47.6

1.201

30.5 1.890

48.0

AWT (AXT)

1.875

47.6

1.281

32.5 1.890

48.0

ATK34 (AW34)

1.875

47.6 1.320 33.5 1.890

48.0

JKT48,LTK48

1.875

47.6

1.389 35.3 1.890

48.0

AXC (AWC3)

1.890

48.0 1.062 27.0 1.890

48.0

T2-56

2.205 56.0 1.642

TT56,LTK56

2.205 56.0 1.783 45.3 2.216 56.3

41.7 2.216 56.3

BQ3

2.345 59.6 1.320 33.5 2.360 59.9

2.345 59.6 1.433 36.4 2.360 59.9

BQTK

2.345 59.6

BTW

2.345 59.6 1.654 42.0 2.360 59.9

1.601

Chart 2: Available casing shoe sizes

40.7 2.360 59.9

BWG,BWL,BWM 2.345 59.6 1.655 42.0 2.360 59.9

A14

30.0

BTK44 (BW44)

2.345 59.6 1.755

BXB (BWC3)

2.360 59.9 1.433 36.4 2.360 59.9

44.6 2.360 59.9

BQ (oversize)

2.440 62.0 1.433 36.4 2,440 62.0

T2-66

2.598 66.0 2.035 51.7 2.609 66.3

NQ3,NQTT

2.965 75.3

1.775

45.1 2.980 75.7

2.965 75.3 1.875

47.6 2.980 75.7

NQ2

2.965 75.3 1.995 50.7 2.980 75.7

NWG,NWL,NWM 2.965 75.3 2.155 54.7 2.980 75.7

NTW

2.965 75.3 2.209 56.1 2.980 75.7

NXB (NWC3)

2.980 75.7

NWD4

2.980 75.7 2.060 52.3 2.980 75.7

1.875

47.6 2.980 75.7

T2-76

2.992 76.0 2.429 61.7 3.006 76.4

NQ (oversize)

3.032 77.0

1.875

47.6 3,032 77.0

NXB (oversize)

3.032 77.0

1.875

47.6 3.032 77.0

HXB (HWD3)

3.650 92.7 2.400 61.0 3.650 92.7

HXB (oversize)

3.750 95.3 2.400 61.0 3.750 95.3

HQ3,HQTT

3.763 95.6 2.406

61.1 3.783

96.1

3.763 95.6 2.500 63.5 3.783

96.1

HQ (oversize)

3.830 97.3 2.500 63.5 3.850 97.8

HWG

3.890 98.8 3.000 76.2 3.907 99.2

CHD101

3.968 100.8 2.500 63.5 3.990 101.3

PQ3

4.805 122.0 3.270 83.1 4.828 122.6

4.805 122.0 3.345 85.0 4.828 122.6

Chart 1: Available core bit and reaming shell sizes

Lo Campino 432 / Quilicura / Santiago / Chile Phone: +56 (2) 2620 7800

Av. Santa Ana 180 / Ate Vitarte / Lima - Perú Phone: +51 (1) 320 0494

OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS

Bit weight The bit weig ht should be applied depending on the velocity of rotation to maintain the bit penetrating, just as the RPI factor indicate. Nevertheless,if the load applied is too hig h can cause a premature wear of the bit or even a mechanical failure. If the load applied is too low, the bit mig ht polish requiring the matrix surface to be removed to expose a new layer of diamonds. Fluid Flow The “uid “ow is another critical variable to optimize the drilling e#ciency. The purpose of this “uid is to cold down and to minimize the accumulattion of material at the bit face. Generally, cuttings should always have an upward velocity of 4 inch/sec (10cm/sec). A too hig h volume of “uid can cause hydraulic lift that seriously a ect the bit weig ht and consequently drilling performance. A low volume of “uid can cause a premature wear of the crown due to the abrasive action of the cuttings. The following chart ilustrate the minimum and maximum operational parameters to achieve a optimum performance for impregnated bits:

Example: 1200 (rev/min) at 6 (in/min) will result in RPI = 1200 rpm = 200 rev/in 6 in/min For optimum performance, the operator should maintain a penetration rate index between 200 - 250 revolutions per inch drilled. If RPI rate is too low an excessive wear will occur to your bit, so you should either increase rpm or decrease the penetration rate by reducing bit weig ht. On the other hand,if the RPI is too hig h, the bit mig ht polish and the velocity of

A15

OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS BIT SIZE

FLUID FLOW GAL/MIN

TT-46

2.5-3.5

4-5

6-8

8-10

LITRES/MIN

9-13

15-19

23-30

30-38

ROTATIONAL SPEED

BIT WEIGHT LB.

1,000-3,000

2,000-5,000

KG.

450-1,350

900-2,270

RPM

200 RPI

2,300

1,400

10-12

18-23

38-45

68-87

PENETRATION RATE INDEX (CM/MIN)

250 RPI

80 RPC

100 RPC

11.5

9.2

5.6

1,000

2,000

1,200

4.8

850

4.25

3.4

1,700

8.5

6.8

17 10

1,000

700

3.5

2.8

1,350

6.75

5.4

3,000-6,000 1,360-2,720

PENETRATION RATE INDEX (IN/MIN)

800

3.2

550

2.75

2.2

1,000

4,000-8,000 1,810-3,630

600

2.4

400

1.6

800

3.2

5,000-10,000 2,270-4,540

500

2.5

350

1.75

1.4

Chart 3: Operational parameters for impregnated bits

Lo Campino 432 / Quilicura / Santiago / Chile Phone: +56 (2) 2620 7800

Av. Santa Ana 180 / Ate Vitarte / Lima - Perú Phone: +51 (1) 320 0494

Rotational Speed The rotational speed depends on the types of formation that are being perforated and the interrelation among the capacities of the drill and the individual style of drilling. The most important factor to consider to optimize the bit life is the penetration rate index or RPI. This factor is determined by dividing the rotational speed (rev / min) by the penetration rate (in / min).

SECTION A / OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS

penetration will be reduced, so you should decrease rpm or increase the penetration rate by increasing bit weig ht.

The most important parameters to consider for a correct function of the bits are: - Rotational Speed - Bit Weig ht - Fluid Flow

SECTION A / WEAR PATTERNS

WEAR PATTERNS

A16

When an impregnated bit is removed from the drill hole after use, the resulting wear pattern is an important source of information for the operator. The following illustrations will help identify and remedy many of the common elds problems:

NEW BIT A bit face without use

IDEAL WEAR PATTERN The face wear pattern on a properly used impregnated bit should be relatively at with slig htly chamfered sides

NORMAL RETIREMENT The bit must be retired when the full depth of impregnation is evenly consumed. The first indicator that a bit is normal retirement is a rise in pump pressure due to the diminishing depth of waterways

Lo Campino 432 / Quilicura / Santiago / Chile Phone: +56 (2) 2620 7800

CRACKED WATERWA YS Possible causes: - Excessive bit load - wwThe drill string was accidentally dropped in the hole - Free fall of the inner tube throug h the drill rod string in a dry hole - Bit crushed by the rod holder or foot clamp

BURNT CROWN Lack of “uid circulation throught the bit face. Possible causes: - Internal core barrel “uid restrictions due to the incorrect adjustment of the inner tube - Fluid leaks in the drill rod string,water swivel or hoses - Failure of the uid circulation pump - Blocked waterway canals of the bit by pebbles or other debris

OUTER DIAMETER GAUGE LOSS Possible causes and solutions: - Vibration: Lower the rotational speed - Lack of uid circulation: Check possible leaks or increase the owrate - Bit is reaming an undersized hole: Check the reaming shell diameter and replaced if found undersized

Av. Santa Ana 180 / Ate Vitarte / Lima - Perú Phone: +51 (1) 320 0494

WEAR PATTERNS

CONCAVE FACE WEAR Possible causes and solutions: - Excessive penetration rate for the rotational speed used: Reduce the penetration rate or/and increase the rotational speed - This wear pattern also can be caused by core grindings or overdrilling

Lo Campino 432 / Quilicura / Santiago / Chile Phone: +56 (2) 2620 7800

GLAZED FACE The diamonds on the bit face have become completely embedded in the matrix Solutions: - Drill with a hig her penetration rate,slower rotational speed or lower fluid circulation rate in order to abrade the matrix and re-expose the diamond crystals - If the bit face glazes repeatedly,change to a hig her series number

SHARPENING TECHNIQUES: Out of - Hole Method: sandblast the face with an abrasive media,or use a tapping action with a flat file to roug hen the surface of the bit face. In - Hole Method: with the bit on the bottom of the drill hole, reduce the rotational speed to about 50% to 70% of the normal rotational speed. Try to maintain a constant penetration rate for a distance of ½ to 1½ inches (1 - 3cm) while bit pressure gradually increase,then the bit pressure will drop quickly indicating that the bit face has sharpened and will now cut freely. Important: inmediately reduce bit pressure and increase rotational speed to conform to the correct RPI.

Av. Santa Ana 180 / Ate Vitarte / Lima - Perú Phone: +51 (1) 320 0494

A17

INNER DIAMETER GAUGE LOSS Possible causes and solutions: - The bit is overfeeded: Reduce the penetration rate - Drilling into a hig hly broken formation: Change to a lower series bit - Drilling over lost core: Check the core tube contents - Lack of “fluid circulation: Examinate the inner tube length adjustment to ensure that there are no fluir restrictions within the core barrel assembly. Also check possible leaks in the drill rod string and the pump output

EXCESSIVE DIAMOND EXPOSURE The matrix abrades away before the diamonds have become worn. Because of the insufficient matrix,the diamonds are released prematurely resulting in low bit life. Possible causes and solutions: - The penetration rate is too hig h for the rotational speed in use: Increase the rotational speed or reduce the penetration rate - The matrix is too soft for the ground conditions: Change to a lower series bit

SECTION A / WEAR PATTERNS

CONVEX FACE WEAR Possible causes and solutions: - Insufficient fluid circulation throug ht the bit face: Check possible leaks in the drill rod string or increase the pump output - Cutting remains at the outside edge of the hole, wearing the outside rim of the bit: Increase the fluid flow