Bathhouse: Project Memories Craig Jackson
The Bathhouse Typology: The Bathhouse is a culturally significant typology of building found across the globe. Each with many distinctive quirks or processes that all stem around the way we bathe ourselves. They are spaces that may take advantage of natural environments. They can be both loud, quiet, social and private spaces or all of these combined. From roman baths to Russian banyans all revolve around relaxing or revitalising the self, each doing so in its own regionally distinctive way and Glasgow is no different.
Organisation of space Circulation is vital as you have to go through certain processes before you can enter, for example you must get changed therefore the organisation of space is for this building to function.
Roman Baths Roman baths tend to be very orderly places separated by gender often and have clear geometry and pools for bathing.
Turkish Baths Turkish baths tend to not have large pools for bathing but rooms filled with moisture and are more focused around massaging.
From the begining I wanted to create a bathhouse that serviced all the different variations of bathing I coud think of being both traditional and alternative
Glasgow and “The Steamie” Glasgow has an affinity with bathhouses. A once prominent fixture of urban communities many have since been closed or ultimately destroyed, the ones that survive do so a shell of their former self. This is due to the introduction of private bathing facilities in the home previously Glasgow’s homes did not have such facilities so they were provided by public buildings as it was once common to go out for a bath and to do laundry both of which are commonly private activities now. These public buildings were affectionately known as “steamies”.
Whitevale Baths
“The Steamie”
Map of Glasgow
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Historic and current Bathhouse Locations
9 1: Western Baths 2: Craigton Hill 3: Arlington Baths 4: North Woodside baths 5: Strobcross Baths 6: Kinning Park Baths 7: Govanhill Baths 8:Victoria Public Baths 9: Kennedy Street Baths 10: Townhead Public baths 11: Osbourne street steamie 12: Gorbals Baths 13: Hutchesontown Baths 14: Bain Square Baths 15: Green Head Baths 16: Dennistoun Leisure Center 17: Whitevale Baths 18: London Road 19:Springburn Baths
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Glasgows bathhouses Western Baths
Glasgows bathouses are victorian in aesthetic and often take the shape of a great hall sheltered by a curved roof
Govanhill Baths
Arlington Baths
Area of Focus - Link of city center and west end
this area of focus was selected to tie in the previous projects of coffeehouse and counsel house which were both located very close to this area
Charing Cross
Potential sitte A
there were two sites I was initially intrigued about this one not selected was garnet hill it is more private and interesting in its topology offers a nice view over the west end but this is interupted by the motorway and the bathouse would be visible from the motorway which is not desierable so this site was not chosen
Potential site B
Charing Cross Satellite
Site acts as a hinge between the city center and west end
Charing Coss Axo
Looking at the site history it was considered a dense urban area indistiguishable from the urban grid until major renovations began in the 1960s and 70s that disrupted this urban fabric in favour of a slicing motorway
Charing cross fountain
Charing Cross Hotel
view from fountain to city center
City Center and west end tied together
Historic maps
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1950
implementation of m8 through site
Charing cross 1970’s These images show the scale of disruption to the traditional urban fabric caused by the implementation of the m8 effectivly slicing the city in two major changes at site
previously there was a hotel on the left hand side
empty space now occupys the left hand side
Site comparison
remove bridge
remove building
Knot of Traffic
Site ammendments
Extend site towards city center keeping main access to city center
Before I could work on my bathouse I had to sort out the mess that is charing cross currently like a tangled set of earphones and just simplify the grid to reconnet the city center and the west end whilst offering a new urban space to congregate in
view of tenement loud zones
quiet zone
view from sauchiehall
Access points of the site
Visibility of tenement and from sauchiehall
Site levels of sound
the site actas apenninsula and is exposed on 3 sides so 3 elevations need to be carefully considered if this was to become an integral part of the urban fabric it was also required that I make use of the the fantistc builtings that surround the site and place the urban spaces outside the main building to take advantage of thier beauty.I wanted to creat something that stood as a beacon at one end of sauchiehall street and therefore could be a visual landmark for both the west end and the city center The site is loud not just because it is highly urban but very fraffic conjested and the noise from the motorway passes through the background. Creating a spa or a space that tends to be quiet means that I had to carefully consider the zoning of functions with the bathouse as certain areas of the site are much more active than others.
commercial aspect blend onto woodland road planter
Public square
Bath house
Initial zoning sketch
I wanted to place planters to provide vegetation to help absorb the sound and bleak view of the motorway and carefully place landscaped squares to take advantage of the views of the traditional structures that are around the site I also wanted to move the fountain initially found on the left hand side and is the only piece surviving of the historic context moving this would allow a square to open up around where the entrance to my proposal is expected to be
Massing sketch
traffic circulation
routes tokeep open
move fountaain to crete public square
Main Roads M8 and Sauchiehall street
Extend site towards city center to create an urban plaza
link back together between city center and west end
The network of roads is a tangled mess currently so I decided to revert back to the old map this way it can keep the main thoroughfairs open
map changes 1950 to present day
revert back to old urban layout
severing of city center from west end
attempt to stich the urban fabric together
remove existing buildings
tunnel and routes under site
roads
site for proposal
buildings
new road layout
Precedents: Landscape Inspiration Lawrence Halprin Freeway Park Seattle 1976 as the intial steps of this projcet for me began with landscaping I though I would refer to my Favourite types of landscape architecture designed by lawrence halprin it is an interactive urban parkthat is a very pleasent place to sit and contemplate in summer becomes a waterpark of sorts with its fountains I wanted to produced something like this with my proposal and due to its similarities site wise with my chosen site in glasgow being exposed on all sides this park in seattle is locatedin a square surrounded by tall buildings on all sides. It shares a unique trait with my site as it is located directly above a motorway tunnel
Heat map of thermal vals
Precedents: Typology Inspiration Thermal Vals Peter Zumthor 1996 It is semmingly impossible to design a bathouse without reference to this building IT offers a siritual experince to bathing and I wanted to analyses its qualities both in materiality and spatial organisation to see what makes this building special and to help translate that into my proposal
materiality of thermal vals
Precedents: Form Inspiration Fallingwater Frank Lloyd Wright the building that made me want to be an architect has shaped how I went about conducting this project I visitied here in 2015 hitchiking my way from pittsburgh Ihad the idea of producing pools that spilled into each other and thought of attempting to use the trays of fallingwater as a way toshowcase this architectural experince this way fallingwater literally becomes fallingwater
trays of fallingwater as pools
water falling into each vertically stacked pool
Precedents: Form Inspiration Jordi Hidalgo Tane Arquitectura Camino con Piscina With the idea of pools spilling into each other firmly planted I looked at infinty pools with habitable space underneath
Miscelaneous Precedents
These are a few individual images that help to convey thee architectural experinces I wish to produce
Water spilling into pools below Teresa Moller
Underneath the waterfall Water temple Tadao Ando
Verticallity in a bathhouse Carrara thermal baths
Intitial interior sketch
Saharna Waterfall Moldova
Passing under the waterfall
PLacing pools ontop of each other crets an interesting challenge architecturally not only does the structure have to be very secure but the depth of pools and ceiling heights has to be considered carefully I hanted to create a space where it was intimate underneath the pools but not so wide that the gap between the spilling of pools is too large
pool tray placement
center around a core
revised solution
The bathouse is of course made up of more than just one pool this is where I refered to the thermal vals as it has a series of pools that offer a uniques experience architecturally from the indoor pool to outdoor pool to turkish baths and fire and cold baths what caught my attention from observing this building was the hot and cold baths set at 42 degrees and 14 degrees offer a significant chnage in temprature and how you bathe in these conditions for the cold bath I hanted to crete a space that reflects the temperature of the pool so it is high and open at the top whereas the worm pool is much more intimate and like a cave which helps to keep the heat in
This is my very first intial plan it has since drastically changed but it does show some key moves that remain the same I have followed the geomary provided by the motorway tunnel walls as the extend and I have dug down into the ground so as to help give an infinity pool at eye level at the ground level entrance
as the building goes up the spaces become more private so the public pool is locate don the bottom floor with the spa pools located above it this also works out temperature wise as the water from the top pool will travese down losing its heat as it falls the depth of pool also varies depending on its vertical position within the building
I wanted to make the more private elements of the building more focus around the west end and the public domain to the east as the west is quieter and the east is louder so to be in harmony with the site these private spaces include the entrance to the spa and treatment rooms along with the turkish baths and the more private activites occur as you ascend up through the building
A slightly more developed plan extending up towards woodlands road but still corresponding with the motorway tunnel walls this plan also sees the turkish baths on the left hand side of the main pool and the circulation regarding changing rooms is further devloped in
these sections are fairly late on to the design process as the form aside from the roof is fairly simmilarthey have a glass roof that as you shall see by the next page allows to much light into the space that disrupts the siritual quality I wanted to create
Initial visualisation the roof was to open and did made too much light flood into the space
Required sq Footage
600m2 required Main pool area
600m2 in vertically stacked pools
here it shows the condensed nature of allowing the pools to be stacked vertically in order to satisfy the initial requirements defined by the brief
Concept
waves against the rocks
I wanted the form of the building to be like waves crashing against the rocks off the coast of west scotland and northern ireland in order to reflect its place geographically concept sketch
Proposal Axonometric in context
Location plan 1:1250
site plan 1:500
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Plant floor 1:200 1 Water Treatment 2 Electric Plant 3 Air Conditioning/Sanitation plant 4 Fresh water tank 5 Waste water tank
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Basement 1:200
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6 Pool Entrances 7 Disabled Changing 8 Family changing 9 Changing rooms 10 Toilets 11 Stores 12 Showers 13 Circulation 14 Hydrotherapy Pool 15 Salt Pool/ Float Tank
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16 Turkish Bath service 17 Main Pool 18 Learner pools 19 Turkish Baths 20 Pipes and services 21 Plant Access 22 Cold Bath 14C 23 hot bath 42C 24 steam room 25 ice baths
26 Sauna 27 Male gym changing 28 Female gym changing 29 Gym showers
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Ground Floor 1:200 10 Toilets 11 Storage 13 Circulation
30 Main entrance 31 Reception 32 Gift shop 33 Spa entrance 34 Waiting area 35 Changing area spa 36 Turkish bath entrance
37 Ground floor pool 38 Jacuzzi 39 Sports hall 40 Courtyard 41 Cafe wash room 42 Cafe 43 Gym
44 Salon 45 Commercial unit 46 Gym entrance
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Ground floor ledges 1:200
47 Spa terrace overlooking courtyard 48 Spa terrace main space
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1st floor 1:200 10 Toilets 13 Circulation
49 Terrace 50 Yoga studio 51 Treatment/Massage rooms 52 1st Floor pool
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2nd floor 1:200 13 Circulation
53 External Pool 54 Solo Baths 55 2nd Floor pool
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Top floor 1:200 13 Circulation
56 Top floor pool 57 Top floor terrace
South Elevation 1:200
West Elevation 1:200
East Elevation 1:200
Section A 1:200
Section A
Section B 1:200
Section B
Section C 1:200
Section C
Section D 1:200
Section D
Section F 1:200
Section F
Section G 1:200
Section G
3rd floor pool
2nd floor pool
Main Bathhouse
Leisure center
1st floor pool
ground floor pool
base pool
Pools stacked
Exploded Axo
Concrete slabs
Pools placed on concrete slabs
Pipes for servicing verticvally stacked pools
Water
Circulation
Where water falls
Technical Study Perspective section
Technical Philosophy
heat retention
pool area casing
pool area contained by an inner and outercoat
Heat is contained through the double shell
heat movement
main space minimal link to outside
water trickle path
perspective section detail
section of main space 1:100
section 1:100 detail
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Detail Location
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Pool depth 1.6m 1 600 mm poured concrete slab 2 200 mm insulation 3 5mm steel infinity spill gap 4 5mm beige marble tile 5 Stainless steel Spill off 6 Stainless steel spill run 7 200mm Marble pool ledge 8 200mm beige marble tiles 9 Wastewater services 10 Water treatment services
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Detail Location
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1:20 pool and walkway detail Pool Depth 1.8m
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1 600mm poured concrete slab 2 200mm rigid insulation 3 3mm damp proof membrane 4 200mm gravel 5 5mm beige marble tiles 6 8mm beige marble tile 7 5mm beige marble step slabs 8 Stainless steel spill off 9 Step holster 10 stainless steel spill run 11 10mm beige marble tile 12 100mm insulation 13 Wastewater Pipes 14 Water treatment Pipes 15 Beige Marble slab 16 150mm Kiem coated Blonde sandtone wall
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Detail Location
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1:20 wall and roof detail 15
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1 150 mm Kiem Coated blonde sandstone block 2 3mm damp proof membrane 3 100mm insulation 4 50mm cavity 5Kiem Coated 600mm blonde sandstone block 6 300 mm sandstone cap 7 200mm sandstone run 8 400mm concrete beam 9 100mm glass 10 sandstone run 11 300mm concrete roof slab 12 copper roofing fix 13 skylight opening bracket 14 50mm timber slats 15 timber beams 16 air conditioning and heat recovery 17 100mm insulation
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10 Detail Location
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1:20 wall and pool detail
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1 600mm poured concrete 2 200mm rigid insulation 3 3mm damp proof membrane 4 200mm gravel base 5 5mm beige marble tiles 6 Kiem Coated 6oomm sandstone block 7 150mm rigid insulation 8 50 mm floor cavity 9100mm sandstone tile 10 concret pool cap 11 100mm sandtone block 12 moisture barrier 13100mm insulation 14 50mm cavity 15 600mm sandstone block
main space location
axonometric of main space
exploded axo of main space
exploded axo main space
Part 1 Location
part 1 of exploded axo main space
Wall and Roof 1:100
External wall/pool 1 Sandstone wall - 150 mm Kiem Coated blonde sandstone block, 3mm damp proof membrane,, 100mm insulation, 50mm cavityKiem Coated 150mm blonde sandstone block 2 Pool Cladding - 5mm Marble tiles 3 Roof -200mm soil,damp proff mebrane, 100mm insulation, 150 mm conrete 4 -Roof 2 -5mm timber planks 200mm insulation 50mm cavity 200mm concrete
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5 Pool- 600 mm concrete, damp proof membrane 150mm insulation, 5mm marble tiles, stainless teel spillway, and spill off, wastewater and water tretement services
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Main Wall
1 1m Sandstone wall - 150 mm Kiem Coated blonde sandstone block, 3mm damp proof membrane,, 100mm insulation, 50mm cavity Kiem Coated 600mm blonde sandstone block
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2 Floor -100mm sanstone tile 50mm cavity 200mm insulation 600mm concrete 3 3 Pool - 600 mm concrete, damp proof membrane 150mm insulation, 5mm marble tiles 4 Walkway - 200mm concrrete, 100mm timber batten, 100mm insulation, 5mm thick timber planks
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5 Stone Cap - 600mm stone lindle 6 Glazing - 100mm triple glazing, 300mm concrete slab 100mm copper roofing 7 Roof 300mm concrete beams 5mm timber planks, 150mm timber beams, Heat recovary and Air conditioning, 200mm insulation 200mm concrete
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2 3 part 1 exploded aco section
persepective of space of part 1 axo
part 1 and 2 axo connection and seperation
Part 2 location
part 2 axo section
Ground and Basement Pools 1:100
axo section part 2 materiality 1 Pool- 600 mm concrete, damp proof membrane 150mm insulation, 5mm marble tiles, 10mm marble slab steps 2 Pool Wall - 5mm marble tiles, damp proof membrane, 600mm concrete 3 Walkway - stainless steel spill way/run off 100mm marble tiles, 200mm insulation, 600mm concrete, wastewater and water treatment services,
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4 Turkish Bath - 600mm marble blocks, 150mm sandstone wall, 50mm cavity, 100mm insulation, dam proof membrane 100mm sandatone block
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5 Upper Pool - 600 mm concrete, damp proof membrane 150mm insulation, 5mm marble tiles, 10mm marble slab steps 5mm steel infinity drip
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6, Walkway -stainless steel spill way/run off 100mm marble tiles, 200mm insulation, 600mm concrete, wastewater and water treatment services,
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7 Main Wall -150 mm Kiem Coated blonde sandstone block, 3mm damp proof membrane,, 100mm insulation, 50mm cavity Kiem Coated 600mm blonde sandstone block
perspective of pool and walkway axo part 2
External Sculpture
turkish bath location
Stalactite ceiling
stairs to ground floor
stalagmite turkish bath slabs
turkish bath axo section turkish bath exploded axo
turkish bath entrance
giants causeway
turkish bath perspectives
leisure center
glass skylight
3mm thick corten steel panels
terrace area
timber battens
150mm poured concrete slab
steel beams
leisure center axo eploded
leisure center structure
courtyard perspective
hot bath location
hot bath 3d section
hot bath exploded axo
fingals cave
hot bath perspective
cold bath location
cold bath 3d section and form
john utzon church copenhagen
cold pool perspective
salt water floatation tank and hydrotherapy
floatation tank and hydrotherapy form
Dead sea Jordan
Salt water floatation tank
showers location
shower perspective
solo bath location
solo bath perspective
learner/kids pool location
learner/ kids pool perspective
learner/kids pool perspective
south west elevation perspective
south east elevation perspective
Long section perspective
long section 2 perspective
Circulation
main space staircase circulation space behing main space pools
ramp to ground floor pool
circulation from leisure center
leisure center staircase overlook
top floor pool
1st floor pool entrance
first floor pool
circulation space 2nd floor
view of 1st floor pool
view from spa terrace
walkway under ground floor pool
basement pool
basement pool
basement pool
main space from entrance