Crozet Gazette January 2015

INSIDE HEAR MORE page 6 ST. JAMES MISSION page 7 CAT ODYSSEY page 9 BETHLEHEM VILLAGE page 10

JANUARY 2015 VOL. 9, NO. 8

BUCKWHEAT PANCAKES page 12

Crozet Park Sets Ambitious Projects for 2015

ONE YEAR WISER page 14

By Kim Guenther

President, Claudius Crozet Park Board

BELL CHOIR page 15 SUSTAINABLE PROGRESS page 16 PACK PLAY page 18 SEE THE PARADE pages 20-21 JINGLE JOG page 24 YARD TREES page 26 BIGGER FOOD page 28 SHE AIN’T HEAVY page 30 JUST A LITTLE SNIP page 31 HEAR THAT RINGING? page 32 CROSSWORD page 33 USE LESS, OK? page 34 ON THE COLD SIDE page 35 KNOW WHEN YOU CROSS THE LINE page 37 READING LIST page 38

Happy New Year, Crozet!

Girl Scouts of Troop 162 in the annual Crozet Christmas Parade December 7. More photos page 20.

Wind Turbine Parts Plant Will Go to Waynesboro Crozet’s prospect of landing 25 manufacturing jobs worth at least $45,000 each is over. Pleasants Industries CEO Rich Pleasants told the Crozet Community Advisory Council Dec. 17 that the company will instead locate at the unused former Mohawk carpet plant in Waynesboro. Pleasant had said to the group in November that the addition of new product lines means the plant will eventually employ 200.

Pleasants had said his first choice for a location, which must have rail

access, was a triangular 1.75-acre CSX parcel jutting into the Barnes Lumber property in Crozet, a former rail spur, then under option to Frank Stoner of Milestone Partners, a real estate development firm, which has since purchased it on behalf of an unidentified investor.

“We received a contract from Milestone,” Pleasants said. The price was acceptable, he said, but the rest of the deal was not.

“We decided not to make a counter continued on page 3

If this past year was any measure of intention, 2015 will most certainly be a tremendous year for our community-owned and operated Crozet Park.

In 2014 the Park was the beneficiary of many acts of kindness.

Kindness that was clearly contagious as we saw it repeated again and again as the year flew by. In April the Park hosted the first ever all-day volunteer event sponsored by Comcast. The event attracted nearly 80 community volunteers who tackled and completed 20 different projects. This incredible display of volunteerism was repeated in September thanks to United Way’s “Day of Caring.” Along Park Road the view of the Park’s rolling 22 acres is framed by sparkling white four-board fencing and shows the great work by painting teams.

Engaged volunteers helped the Park whittle down an extensive list of maintenance activities, many that had been carried over from the preceeding year.

The biannual Crozet Arts and Crafts Festival, the Park’s primary fundraiser, was a big success even though both weekends included a day continued on page 13

Claudius Crozet the Engineer Col. Edwin Dooley of Virginia Military Institute, co-author with Robert Hunter, an historian at VMI, of a 1989 biography of Claudius Crozet, spoke at the Crozet Library soiree Nov. 13, recounting the life of the town’s namesake and stressing his impact on Virginia’s transportation network and on engineering education in America.

“Crozet is one of Virginia’s most

important historical figures, but he’s little known by most Virginians,” said Dooley. “His contributions to transportation continue to this day because roads and railroads follow routes surveyed by Crozet. He brought the practice of engineering according to science to the U.S. “The origins of modern technical education trace to France and the continued on page 4

Claudius Crozet

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CCAC Recap —continued from page 1

offer,” said Pleasants. “The terms and conditions were not acceptable to us.” He declined to be more explicit about what broke the company’s interest.

“We will put in [a proposal] on the RFP on the depot but not on the library space because it will only be available for two years,” said Pleasants, referring to his announcement last month that the firm will open the Renewable Energy Academy of Virginia in Crozet to train workers for jobs in renewable energy technologies.

Albemarle County announced a Request for Proposals in December to solicit potential users of the 2,600-square-foot Crozet Depot, vacant since the new library opened in 2013, as well as for 1,000 square feet available on the first floor of the library next to Crozet Running.

The RFP’s goals are to avoid competing with private commercial landlords while finding a use that will increase foot traffic downtown, create a lively street presence and show careful stewardship of the historic building.

“We are looking at other commercial property in Crozet,” Pleasants said. “We’re now intending to build an academy after two years.” The academy needs at least 2,000 square feet to get started. According to Pleasants a new building would be 5,000 square feet. He told the CCAC that he has signed a deal with a similar German academy to offer online training.

“The old Mohawk plant is a perfect place for us. It has a rail spur, plenty of parking and a

3

JANUARY 2015 four-lane road,” he said. “We want to open the plant by next November. It was a hard decision not to put the plant here.”

Pleasants lives in Crozet.

CCAC member Jennie More offered a motion declaring general support for the academy and wishing it success in finding a Crozet home. The vote passed 13-1, with David Stoner voting against.

Kathleen Mistry, leader of the Crozet Artisans, said 20 artisans are now involved with the store, which opened in November in the purple house, formerly the home of Bark Avenue, in the Olde Town shops. Their lease there ended in December.

“I wish I had a nickel for every person who walked in and said, ‘We need this in Crozet,” Mistry said.

“We talked to [county economic development facilitator] Susan Stimart. We were waiting for the RFP to be issued. We propose to share the [depot] space as an artisan gallery and information center. That still allows us to double our space.

We feel our proposal aligns with the goals of the CCAC.” She argued that that use would increase foot traffic in downtown and help develop other small business. Several local artisans supporting the idea had turned out to observe the meeting.

“Artisan Center of Virginia director Sheri Smith came by the store to say that she’s excited and that the depot would be an ‘anchor location’ for the Artisans Trail,” Mistry said.

Jennie More offered a second motion declaring general support for Crozet Artisans and wishing them success in finding continued on page 22

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CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

Crozet

—continued from page 1

Ecole Polytechnique, the leading scientific school in France, the model for West Point and for VMI. Crozet was the main link between the schools. He introduced descriptive geometry to engineering schools.”

Descriptive geometry was the new way to accurately depict three-dimensional forms in two-dimensional drawings.

Today we refer to it as mechanical drawing.

Crozet was born on Dec. 31, 1789 in Villefrance in the Rhone. Crozet’s father was a wine merchant. Dooley said he visited the town and met many people with the Crozet surname. He suggested that our town in Virginia and the one in France should have a “sister-town” connection.

“It’s clear he had a thorough education in mathematics,” said Dooley. “He could also produce elegant drawings.”

“Napoleon gave the Ecole Polytechnique a military character, put students in barracks and into infantry corps. He stressed

practicality for army engineering needs rather than the theoretical work the school was known for. Crozet’s teachers there also wrote the textbooks.

“The instructional practice at the Ecole was copied at West Point and VMI. It stressed recapitulation of earlier lessons and more practice. With the Enlightenment stress on measurements, students began to be given numerical grades.

“Crozet went on to artillery school and was made a second lieutenant in 1809. He went to Holland where he studied waterworks. He was in Marshal Ney’s division in the invasion of Russia. He was captured at Borodino and was a prisoner for two years.” Dooley said he thinks Crozet may have been in the home of a Russian nobleman where he taught French and math.

“With the return of Napoleon, he went to Waterloo, but his artillery got bogged down and couldn’t get through to the battle. He married Agatha Decamp in 1816 in Paris. In 1817 he was appointed to West Point as an instructor in military and civil engineering. He

Col. Edwin Dooley

changed the curriculum there to resemble the Ecole Polytechnique’s, translated his teachers’ textbooks, and introduced the use of blackboards and chalk to classrooms. In 1821 he wrote a textbook on descriptive geometry. French was considered the language of science in that day.

“He felt unappreciated at

West Point, where he also taught grand strategy and tactics and artillery. He was a real republican,” said Dooley, meaning an anti-monarchist and democrat as the label was understood in the era of the French Revolution. “He organized the West Point faculty against the superintendent and the superintendent had him

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“In Virginia his work was mainly west of the Blue Ridge [before West Virginia was formed]. He mapped Rt. 60, started canals, and became an advocate of railroads. He was opposed by investors in the James River Canal. It’s incredible what he did. The canal side won and he went to Louisiana to be state engineer where he also came up against vested interests. He returned to Virginia and found that a favorable view of railroads had come in. In 1848 he was appointed to build the Blue Ridge railroad and four tunnels. When it was completed, the Blue Ridge tunnel was the longest in the U.S. It was extraordinary and immensely dangerous given the means they had. The power of their mathematics was incredible. When they holed through, the shafts were right together.

That they completed the tunnel at all is amazing.

“He was elected the first president of the VMI Board of Visitors and his next eight years were dedicated to VMI. He did not teach there, but he designed the course of studies and the regulations of the school. He was always keenly interested in VMI until his death in 1864.

“Crozet was described as ‘intolerant of quacks, especially in his own profession.’ He was considered irritable. He detested Napoleon, and kings and rank.

He abhorred war. He was a man of the people and a protector of their rights.

“Crozet truly loved Virginia and Virginia made him one of their own.”

Dooley said he is one of a very few people who has actually seen Crozet, because he was present when his grave at VMI was opened and the cast-iron casket was accidentally punctured. He casket also had a glass window. “He was only bones,” said Dooley, “but his clothes were in good condition. He was dressed in a black jacket, a striped vest, slippers and a bow tie.” VMI also has a hat and watch fob of his.

The bones were examined at the Smithsonian Institution and showed Crozet had rheumatism and arthritis. He was reburied across from the mess hall, which bears his name. Dooley said that it would have better to name

JANUARY 2015 the engineering building for him.

In answers to questions from the audience, Dooley said it appears that Crozet’s father may have come to America once and that may have influenced him to emigrate. He may have had relatives in Louisiana.

“He mastered English very quickly,” said Dooley. “U.Va. has correspondence between Crozet and Jefferson. Crozet tried to get an engineering job at U.Va. but Jefferson had to turn him down because the University wasn’t ready yet.

“VMI owns a desk that belonged to Crozet and a secret drawer was found in it that had proof of his time at the Ecole Polytechnique. State archives are full of his correspondence. A book could be written about him as a mapmaker.

“We have very little evidence about his personal life, not even hints. A son and daughter died before him. Envelopes were found with their hair and baby teeth in them.”

Dooley acknowledged an observation by Dan Burke, a researcher with Clann Mohr, who noted that Crozet’s letters show him to be a gentleman.

“He tried to be,” agreed Dooley.

“What we don’t realize is that he was constantly on the go, traveling, and he had to supervise other projects, too. He was a man on horseback. He was on the move all the time, but he had periods where he was ill. He was bushwhacking his way through west Virginia in his 60’s.”

Asked about Crozet’s view of slavery, Dooley said, “He did not believe in it, but he lived in Virginia and he accepted it. He resisted hiring slaves for the tunnel work. He did have one or two personal slaves who were with him.

“He volunteered for the Virginia army [when the Civil War started] but he was told to go home. He was too old. He had no direct involvement in the war.”

The Valentine Museum in Richmond has Crozet’s officer’s uniform and sword, Dooley said. It’s a red artillery uniform.

“Crozet is too little known.

We need to keep his name up.

He did a tremendous amount of work for Virginia.”

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CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

Hearing Health Opens In Liberty Hall

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Hearing Health Associates has opened in Liberty Hall, next to Crozet Eye Care, under the direction of Dr. Tammy Garber.

The practice, the first audiologist to be based in Crozet, offers hearing problem diagnosis and rehabilitation measures.

Hearing Health first opened in Roanoke in 2000 with Garber joined by her business partner Dr. Douglas Cameron. When Garber’s husband Vic took a job with the City of Charlottesville, the family relocated to Charlottesville. They lived there in an apartment for one year before settling on Crozet for a permanent home.

“We’re originally from the Harrisonburg area and Crozet feels like home to us. We love it here,” said Garber. “We love the comfortable and peaceful community and the beautiful western sky.”

Dr. Cameron, who was raised in Roanoke, will continue the practice there with Garber commuting there to assist two days a week. The Crozet office will see patients on Wednesdays and Fridays and by appointment on Saturday mornings. The new office is configured with a testing room, a fitting room, a waiting room, a workroom and a private office. They can evaluate hearing, fit and repair hearing aids, and make new molds.

“We can get people back to normal hearing,” said Dr. Garber. “The technology adjusts with great sophistication. We can fix issues now that 20 years ago we had limited options for.

“Hearing begins to deteriorate in your 20s, but you don’t often notice until later. Noise came with industry.”

She urged people who are operating tractors or heavy equipment, lawn mowers and leaf blowers, even those exposed to hair blow dryers often, to wear hearing protection.

“A lot of follow-up is required in hearing care,” she said.

“Patient care after the fitting is so important. We pride ourselves on it. The sooner you go to get amplification when you get hearing loss, the better. As you get used to silence, it’s harder to get out of.”

Dr. Garber said she began her training at James Madison University in speech pathology and chose to specialize in the hearing component, which was showing promise of technological solutions. She has advanced degrees from the University of North Carolina and Salus University. She first practiced in North Carolina and later with LewisGale Clinic in Roanoke before opening her independent practice.

CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

By Phil James

phil@crozetgazette.com

The Precious Mountain Jewels

No one today can say with certainty who was the namesake for Greene County’s community of Lydia, scattered alongside two miles of U.S. Route 33, three miles east of Swift Run Gap. In 1896, when Lizzie Smith was appointed as the first postmaster at that place, the official name “Lydia” was assigned. Four other postmasters tended the mail there before the office was discontinued in 1943, but the area is identified fondly as such to this day.

For all of the lore associated with the Blue Ridge Mountain crossing known as Swift Run Gap, its namesake, as well, largely goes unnoticed today except by those who live nearby its banks. Swift Run belongs to the generations who have embraced the mountains of Greene County as their home.

Its waters begin in the heights purchased in the 1920s and ‘30s by the Commonwealth of Virginia for the creation of Shenandoah National Park.

When speaking of Swift Run, the writer of a pre-Park guidebook said, “In such rapids as these the mountain trout gets his training in speed and cleverness.” Through the ages, those valuable attributes were

7

of

Lydia

Jack Deane’s sassafras mill, c.1911, on Swift Run in upper Mutton Hollow, near Lydia. Extract made from distilled sassafras root bark once was used as an aromatic in soap and perfume, as well as flavoring for root beer and tea. [Photo courtesy of Larry Lamb]

employed by the native fish as it attempted to evade the grasp or hook of hungry Indians, pioneer explorers, Colonial expeditionists, and generations of determined youngsters and anglers.

Despite several centuries of traffic along the Spotswood Pike, it was a far-sighted Englishman who, via the

prompting of a fellow minister in Stanardsville, brought attention to the jewels that existed on the mountainsides surrounding Lydia. Having experience in the gathering of similar treasures, he was able to draw others into the work of their harvest.

Episcopal Archdeacon of the Blue Ridge Rev. Frederick W. Neve, in 1888, started a mission outreach in the Ragged Mountains of Albemarle County near Ivy. Through faith and vision, in 1900 he began a similar work at Simmons Gap in Greene County.

Around 1905, on the heels of having begun other work at Greene County’s Pocosan Hollow, he began to draw up plans for additional mission posts at Lydia and on High Top Mountain.

Following a fundraising trip in Lydia Mission School group, Easter 1910. During this time, the children were being taught in the New England, he living room of the mission workers’ quarters, completed c.1906. [Photo courtesy of Larry Lamb]

received a letter from someone in New York City who had heard of his appeal. Wanting to support the work, but lacking ready financial means, the writer told the Archdeacon that she had sold her personal jewelry and was making the proceeds available for his use.

Neve later wrote, “I was so touched by this incident that I determined to use it for some building which should be always associated with this act of self-sacrifice. The amount was not, however, sufficient for the purpose, so I appealed to the women of the church to send offerings of jewelry so that, if possible, the church might be entirely built from gifts of this kind.”

At Lydia, Samuel Lewis stepped forward with a donation of four acres of land, and the mission’s first pastor Rev. Robb White began the good work at the settlement designated St. James Mission by building a mission house and a hospital.

In 1906, three of the church’s workers—Sadie Roberts, Edith

continued on page 8

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CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

Lydia

—continued from page 7

Hart, and Lillian Hunter— described what it meant “to missionary” at Lydia: “To begin with, it means different things on different days. Sunday, it means running a Sunday school and holding a song service.

Monday, it may mean anything from making a pair of trousers to putting up blackberry preserves.

“Tuesday, it may be helping to nurse the sick. Wednesday, it means another song service.

Thursday, perhaps, it means making social calls and explaining to an interested public what sort of lives we lead when we are at home, how old we are, and why we have never married.

“Friday, it may mean almost anything—and Saturday it is sure to mean cleaning up the little schoolhouse, which also serves as a chapel, and getting ready for Sunday. Every day, it means climbing fences, going up and down mountains, crossing streams, and usually includes getting caught in a rain; and after this week it will

mean living in and taking care of a Mission House, which appears to us to be the most beautiful building in the world.”

Robb White was succeeded

by Rev. Willis Cleaveland, and it was during his term that Neve noted, “...at last it became possible to carry out the design which has been in my mind for so long.”

Lumber was cut from the adjacent hillside, and a Gothicdesign frame church edifice with seating for 200 was erected.

Windows of stained glass were installed with one being of particular note.

“I was anxious that the people attending the church should know and be impressed by the beautiful incident which was the cause of the church being built,” wrote Neve, “so I ordered a window to be made, representing the story of Mary anointing the feet of our Lord with the ointment of spikenard because it seemed to me that this incident bore a strong resemblance to the act of the unknown lady who had devoted the most precious of her possessions to her master’s service.”

Wild daisies were spread across the rocky hillside path to Jewel Chapel at St. James’ Mission at Lydia. [Photo courtesy of Larry Lamb]

This original St. James Mission Hospital building was destroyed by fire in 1909. The facility was rebuilt in 1911. [Photo courtesy of Larry Lamb]

The fitting name of St. James’ Jewel Church was decided upon, and, on the day of its consecration in September 1912, fully 500 persons crowded onto the Mission grounds for the ceremony, followed by a basket dinner. In addition to clergy and mission workers from the surrounding region, it was recorded that, “People from all walks of life in the county were present.”

For nearly three decades, the residents in the surrounding region both contributed to and were recipients of the church’s ministry. On Sunday mornings, many of them would be found seated in the church’s pews, their attention alternating between the words of the speaker in the pulpit and the beautiful stained glass above the

altar, its image of Mary ministering to Christ modeled after a painting by late 19th/early 20th-century German artist Heinrich Hofmann.

Wrote Archdeacon Neve, “The window is placed in the Chancel above the altar and is thus always in view of the congregation. It is my earnest hope that the people who worship at this church will be constantly reminded of their duty to give the best they have to their Lord and Master, and to do what they can to further His cause in their community, so that when He comes again to make up His jewels, He may find many precious souls which have been won for Him through the instrumentality of the Jewel Church.”

Lam’s Mill operated within sight of U.S. Rt. 33, east of Swift Run Gap at Lydia, until the State deeded ownership of the property to the U.S. Department of the Interior for the creation of Shenandoah NP. The c.1836 mill, built by George Dean, previously had been operated by the families of Dunn, Showacre, McDaniel, Offield, and Shiflett. [Courtesy of The Phil James Historical Images Collection]

Follow Secrets of the Blue Ridge on Facebook! Phil James invites contact from those who would share recollections and old photographs of life along the Blue Ridge Mountains of Albemarle County. You may respond to him through his website: www.SecretsoftheBlueRidge.com or at P.O. Box 88, White Hall, VA 22987.

Secrets of the Blue Ridge © 2003–2015 Phil James

CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

9

Local Author Marchman Publishes Cat Novel Butterfly expert Linda Marchman, owner of Social Butterflies, has taken up the cause of her real favorite animal—cats--in a novel, Gone Astray: A Kitten’s Misadventures as She Lives the Wild Life.

Marchman has been in the butterfly–raising business for 13 years. “People release them at special events, weddings, memorials, birthday parties.

The weather has to be right, so it’s a May to September business.

“So between September and March I started writing and this is my first book. I had been thinking about it. I’m a cat person, so I wrote about cats.”

Marchman said she’s had 40 cats since she was a child. She declined to say how many she has now, but admitted that they “do keep finding their way to my house. It’s not more than I can properly attend to.

“It took two years to write [the book], not constantly, not during butterfly season, and more at night,” she said.

“Getting it published was hard.

I didn’t want a publisher. I wanted it to be my creation. I went with Create Space from Amazon. It has formats that you can fit your book in. They will do covers for you and they offer editors. It took a year to get it in a paperback version.” The paperback is 5-by-7 inches and runs to 266 pages. It features Marchman’s cat, shown against a snowy forest, as the cover photo model. It’s available on Amazon and she has copies at her home. She said she’s sold 60 copies so far. “I’ve had good reaction so far.” To get one by mail, send a check for $15.70 ($14.95 plus sales tax) to 6089 Midway Road, Charlottesville VA 22903.

Marchman said part of her sales revenue will go to three cat rescue organizations, especially Voices for Animals.

In the tale, Kitty goes into the woods when her owner goes into the military, said Marchman. “She wants to make her own decisions. She had been in a shelter and didn’t want to go back. Then the adventures

Linda Marchman

start. She’s never harmed. She lives through winters and finally wants a home.

“A small animal always remembers when it’s been hurt,” said Marchman. “The threat of death in youth changes an animal. I’m hoping the book will open the eyes of people who think cats can survive on their own after being house cats.

These are true circumstances.

The book is appropriate for

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everybody. It’s a good story with a good ending.

“It’s told from the kitten’s point-of-view; the cat’s a first-person narrator. She can talk to other cats and ‘communicate’ with other species. She has cat attitude and doesn’t want to associate with some other animals.

Marchman said she is a fan of Rita Mae Brown’s Sneaky Pie

continued on page 39

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Bethlehem Village Draws Thousands Bethlehem Village, a depiction of the birthplace of Christ, drew thousands to Hebron Church in Afton last month as 50 dedicated volunteers acted out a living crèche scene and recounted the Gospel story of the Nativity.

The village, now a cluster of 10 permanent structures in the rear of the church, has been a ministry of five Rockfish Valley churches for 14 years. Last year it was not held, but it came back strong this season after volunteers said they missed it.

The village opened after dark.

A blue shaft of light from a spotlight behind the manger building, a sort of pavilion, was

scribe’s tent. Volunteers stay in character all night and they pride themselves on it.

The central skit is performed about every half-hour. The Magi came through the village and approached the manger, where one told the story of Jesus’s birth. Then Mary and Joseph (played by Chara Truslow and Sebastian Lopez) left their throne-like seat in the manger and carried a bundle suggesting a baby around for the visitors to get a closer look at. Led by the choir of angels, the crowd sang along with Christmas carols.

“It’s become a Christmas tradition,” said Ken Bryant, a member of Hebron. “We say,

aimed toward heaven. People coming from the Valley said they saw it as soon as they crossed Rockfish Gap and they followed it to the church.

Entrance to the Village was free and everyone was given a plastic coin as he or she came in. Visitors first encountered Roman soldiers who collected those coins as tax and then they “signed-in” at a census-taker’s tent. The list showed that people came from as far as Staunton, Harrisonburg, Charlottesville and Lynchburg.

Singing angels guided visitors through the village, which included a handful of sheep with shepherds and two wellkept camels on loan from the Natural Bridge Zoo. Warming fires burned along the way to the Inn, the olive press and the

‘Come find your place in the Christmas story.’

We’re Christians. We’re trying to steal a little bit away from the commercialization.

“It’s like Bethlehem done Williamsburg. People think, ‘Oh, it’s a creche scene.’ But we take it up a notch. The bar is set pretty high and we don’t want to disappoint anyone who comes.

“We skipped and everybody was thinking ‘something is missing’. It’s part of Christmas now and we take it personal. It will keep going without question.

“You get first-time people and you get ones who come every year. One lady brought her entire family, her kids and her grandkids, 13 people. She wanted them to see it.

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CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

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Roman guards played by Michael Cash, Andy Mansfield and Mike Hott

“This Bethlehem is one of the oldest in the U.S.,” said Bryant.

“A former pastor of ours was inspired by a miniature Nativity set.

“The first year we got 2,500 visitors. We thought, ‘That’s great.’ Now it’s taken on a life of its own. Seeing the young families out is what gets me. Just let-

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ting them see it. It can stick with them.” Bryant said he expected attendance to be about 9,000 in 2014. More than 100,000 have seen it since 1999.

One Sunday tour is given in Spanish and Bryant said it gets a “good turnout.”

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CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

community events Nelson County Orchestra Seeks New Members

Nelson County Community Orchestra invites any one who plays or used to play an orchestra instrument to join the orchestra, which is multi-generational.

NCCO rehearsals resumed January 5 for an 8-week session.

Rehearsals are Monday evenings from 7 to 9 p.m. at the Rockfish Valley Community Center (Lounge) at 190 Rockfish School Road in Afton.

For more information, visit www.nelsoncco.org or email NCCOrchestra@gmail.com.

Crozet Community Orchestra Concert Set for March 22

The Crozet Community Orchestra has openings for musicians for the upcoming concert cycle beginning on January 7. Two world class solo violinists, the husband and wife team Monika Chamasyan and Mark Dorosheff, will perform with the CCO at a free public concert in Crozet Sunday, March 22 at 4 p.m. under the music direction of Philip Clark.

The spectacular Navarro by Pablo de Sarasate for orchestra and violin duo and an Armenian

Rhapsody by Baghdasaryan written for solo violin and orchestra that has only been previously performed in the U.S. as a violin and piano duet, are planned for the program.

Weekly rehearsals are held on Wednesdays from 7 to 9 p.m. at Tabor Presbyterian Church in Crozet.

For more information, please contact Denise Murray murrden@gmail.com / 434-9875517 or Philip Clark pclarkmusic@gmail.com / 434-9793343.

The CCO is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.

Christmas Tree Recycling

The Albemarle County Parks and Recreation Department will collect Christmas trees— only—at Crozet Park in Crozet and the Greenwood Community Center in Greenwood through January 18. All decorations, stands and nails must be removed. Trees are chipped into mulch, which is offered to the public at no cost. Combined with what is gathered in Charlottesville, roughly 4,800 trees will be chipped at Darden Towe Park in Charlottesville and some 228 cubic yards of mulch will be available there starting February 1.

“For those who seek.”

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Saint Nicholas Orthodox Church

Buckwheat Pancakes Traditional white flour pancakes are too sweet for my taste.

And they are a bit insubstantial, if you know what I mean. Eat them, and in about ninety minutes, you’re hungry again.

Whole wheat pancakes are good, but these buckwheat griddle cakes are even better. Also, I’m partial to the quick breads that use both yeast and baking soda. The quality of the resulting product is richer and better tasting, and they rise overnight, which is very convenient.

There used to be an Aunt Jemima buckwheat pancake mix available on grocery store shelves, but it has disappeared.

Interestingly, the box was a third the size of the other mixes.

What’s that all about?

And for all of you gluten-free

fans out there: buckwheat is not wheat so sit back and enjoy.

I purchased the buckwheat flour at Foods of All Nations.

And happily it is from Virginia’s own Wade’s Mill, i.e. semi-locally ground. Crozet Great Valu sells whole buckwheat groats that you can grind yourself.

Please send me a note if you resort to that—you get a gold star!

This recipe is adapted from a vintage cookbook, and as noted above, I like it because you mix it up the night before and let it rise overnight. Great for company or wonderful on a cold January morning.

As a side note: buckwheat griddle cakes are reportedly sold at the Highland County Maple Festival in March.

Buckwheat-Cornmeal Griddle Cakes 2 cups boiling water ½ cup cornmeal 1 tsp dry yeast ¼ cup warm water 1 T molasses

1 tsp salt 2 cups buckwheat flour ¼ tsp baking soda 1/3 cup hot milk

Measure the cornmeal into a heat-proof bowl and cover with the boiling water. Let it stand until it swells. In a separate, small bowl, sprinkle the yeast over the warm water. After the cornmeal cools, add the molasses, salt, yeast mixture and buckwheat flour. Beat thoroughly and let it rise in a warm place, overnight.

The dough will rise and fall again by morning. Just before breakfast, dissolve the baking soda in the hot milk and add to the dough. Stir well and bake on a hot griddle. Makes 20, 4-inch cakes.

Serve with maple syrup or applesauce.

Emmanuel Episcopal Church

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CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

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The Proposed Amphitheater looking southeast across the pond at Crozet Park. The amphitheater will accommodate many activities including music, plays, dance, fishing, and picnicking. This sketch is for fundraising purposes only and does not represent the final amphitheater design.

Park

—continued from page 1

of rain. Successful events like the Arts and Crafts Festival enable swifter reduction in the last bit of the Park’s pool dome debt, targeted for pay-off in 2015. The July Fourth celebration broke attendance records, and it appeared as though every person living in Crozet attended this annual celebration at the Park! And then in September, The Lodge at Old Trail hosted its Third Annual Culinary Competition, which served as the Park’s kick-off event for the “Play Crozet” Capital Campaign. Crozet Park is not county owned, which means events like these are crucial to raising much needed funds to support existing operations as well as building new amenities.

Meanwhile, the Park Board was busy getting its own house in order, establishing several key committees to better focus their work, and Board members worked to foster new partnerships throughout the area.

In May a survey soliciting community input helped the Board understand and prioritize Park development. The survey results have set the direction for capital improvements for the next few years. And thanks to a very generous local family, one of these improvements (part of the “Play Crozet” capital campaign), replacement of one of the Park’s primary pavilions, was completed. That amazing act of kindness will benefit Park users for years to come.

Just a few days into 2015 and the Park is already moving for-

ward with ambitious goals for the year. In January the Board welcomed six new members: Dan Bledsoe, Bevin Boisvert, Brad Heilman, Scott Just, Jennifer Sellers, and Matthew Sposato. We owe a debt of thanks to board members who have stepped down in 2014.

These include Phillip Best, Robbie Maupin (past president), Erin Quinn, Kelly Altizer, Cheryl Madison, Denny Blank, and Jessica Maslaney.

Along with Board member changes, we are also welcoming a new Crozet Arts and Crafts Director, Amanda Polson.

Amanda’s skills and experience will continue the fine work of our previous director, Jody Giles, to develop this event into one of the premier festivals in Virginia.

The schedule for the year is already crowded.

To tackle a variety of projects throughout the Park, we will host two all-day volunteer events in April and September.

We are hoping to develop a Brews and Music Festival (date to be determined) and add music to our current Picnics in the Park summer series.

We are poised to start several Park projects in 2015: Perimeter Trail: a paved, 8-foot wide, multi-use path, almost a mile in length, will go around the entire Park. Funding for this project would come from a grant the Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) along with a generous gift from a local family. Our goal is to break ground in early summer.

“Play Crozet” Capital Campaign: kicked off in early continued on page 25

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CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

by John Andersen

Lessons Learned in 2014 This past year was a pretty incredible year of running for me personally. Lots of running, quality racing, no significant injuries, and many new friendships and experiences. Above the actual running itself, it’s the relationships and experiences I gain that keep running a special part of my life.

I was very fortunate to be able to race seven mountain trail ultramarathons, all of them competitively. That may seem extreme; however, I managed to stay injury-free and truly enjoyed running and racing throughout the entire year. In the process, I have learned that the actual running is the easy part. It’s all the other stuff (life, taking care of your body, nutrition, sleep) that is the challenge when it comes to staying injury-free and improving performance.

As a running store owner, running form coach, and ultrarunner, I feel I have a pretty good perspective in what “works” to make running fun, easy, and successful. My passion is sharing that experience with new runners, those starting for the first time, returning to fitness after a long layoff, or those committed to a lifestyle change.

This stage is actually when you’re most likely to get injured

in Crozet

and derail your fitness plan. It simply takes some experience, and mistakes, to learn what works best for your body. But you can always learn from others, so here are some “lessons learned” from 2014 that are perfectly applicable to anyone looking to start running, improve at it, or just finally lose the injury bug.

Have a goal and don’t be afraid to Go BIG! To get out the door at 5:30 a.m., you have got to be motivated by a goal.

For many, that is simply longterm health and fitness (that should ultimately be everybody’s goal!). For many more, it is a race that you’ve signed up for.

For others, it’s losing weight.

Whatever it may be, there’s no better time than the beginning of a New Year to set a goal.

Something! Anything!

Probably the biggest thing I learned last year was that sometimes you’ve got to ‘go big’ when it comes to your goals. Setting a goal outside of what you think you may be able to achieve certainly can set you up for failure and disappointment. But it can also reap great rewards, and often the path to that big goal will take you somewhere new altogether.

Listen to your body! Before several races, I had some pains/

tweaks that I knew could very easily progress to a full-fledged running injury, right when I was supposed to be in peak training mode! But I listened to my body, reduced my training intensity, or sometimes just took a week off. The result? Two wins, two top-tens, and consistent training all year long. I am convinced that any of these issues could have blown up into an injury that would have caused a DNS (did not start) if I hadn’t listened to my body and been patient.

For newer runners, it can be difficult to distinguish between “big deal” and “not a big deal” pain. My advice is just to go slow. Don’t ever pigeonhole your fitness into a 12-week program. Look long term and your decision-making will be much better. I also hear from newer runners all the time about being anxious to miss a few days of training. Experience tells us to be patient, and the fitness will come.

Form matters. For everyone.

That means you! Poor running form is probably the biggest culprit in new runners getting injured. Nobody is born with poor form; it’s just that after 20-60 years of life, with work, sitting, having kids, etc., we’ve forgotten how to run like we did when we were kids. I may sound a bit obsessive by saying this, but I think about my form on every single run I do. Mostly because I want to get the most efficiency out of my body and stay away from injury. I used to run with terrible form and get injured a lot. Years ago I made a conscious effort to revamp my gait and foot strength and it’s been smooth sailing ever since.

Getting assessed by someone trained in gait analysis is the

best way to move forward. I’m not talking about whether your feet pronate or not. That doesn’t matter; pronation is good and normal. Important things to consider are your cadence (steps/minute), posture, and foot strike.

Recovery IS training. When you are out there exercising, you are essentially causing trauma and breaking your body down.

It’s when you’re not exercising that your body actually repairs this damage and gets stronger – i.e., recovering! So do this part right! Sleep well. Limit stress.

Don’t run if you’re sick or overstressed. Really pay attention to what you eat and avoid bad things like sugar and processed ingredients. So many times we focus on the miles, but we forget to focus on the recovery.

This also takes patience. Your body isn’t going to lose fitness if you need to take a week off because of illness or injury. In 2014, the harder I trained, the harder I focused on my recovery, and what a difference that made!

Run Slow. Slower! No really, SLOWER! Despite being faster than I ever have in my life, my easy runs are much slower than they ever have been. There are so many benefits to running slow: you improve your body’s ability to burn fat, you put less stress on your legs and decrease your injury risk, and you finish your run refreshed rather than beat up. As legendary running coach Jack Daniels preaches, “You should know the purpose of EVERY workout.” I’ll translate this: if you’re not doing speedwork at the track or hard tempo runs, you should be running slow and easy. Most people run their slow runs way too fast,

continued on page 23

CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

15

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From left: Julie MacMillin, Chris Celella, Pam Carmagnola, June Andrews, Susan Collyer, Kathy Nathan, Diana Pace, Robin McElwee, Katie Dixon, David Collyer, Natasha MacPherson, Ron Gaykema and Maryalice Madgaskell

Handbell Concert Brings Angelic Sound to Crozet The Crozet holiday season launched on heavenly notes Dec. 10 when the Crozet Handbell Choir performed at Tabor Presbyterian Church under the direction of Chris Celella. Pickford-Chiles Hall was packed with 75 eager listeners.

The bells made a sweet sound with complex sonorousness that approaches that of an organ, achieving a chorus of angels quality.

Each of the 13 members of the three-year-old choir is responsible for four bells and holds one in each black-gloved hand at all times. Several bells can ring at once. Bell players nodded, bobbed and danced to keep time as they intently followed the music. Players touch the bells to their shoulders to silence them.

The first song was Somewhere Over the Rainbow—“for 10,000 reasons,” said Celella— but after that came traditional

carols like Deck the Halls and Little Town of Bethlehem.

After Jingle Bells, jaunty and with perfect synchronization, came Come All Ye Faithful and then, everyone seeming to get in the mood, the crowd hummed along to Good King Wenceslas. A spectacular performance of God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen drew appreciative whistles.

“The choir has put in ungodly amounts of work,” said Celella.

“They work very long and hard.

They pick up and put down a lot of bells.”

The choir performed Shenandoah, a “show piece,” Celella said, “to prove how much they’ve grown.” The sound was aching, plaintive and homesick. Then came a Beatles medley and the night wrapped up with a forceful and joyful ringing of We Wish You a Merry Christmas.

Don’t miss this concert next year.

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CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

Good and Bad News in 2014 for Sustainable Energy and Agriculture [ by elena day • elena@crozetgazette.com \ It was a happy day on December 29 when the Ve r m o n t Yankee nuclear power plant shut down for good. Vermont residents and anti-nuke activists had protested the Entergyowned reactor for decades. The General Electric Mark I reactor was similar in design to the Fukushima reactors that melted down and exploded. In 2007 Vermont Yankee’s cooling tower had collapsed and in 2010 radioactive tritium had leaked from corroded pipes into the groundwater. The spent fuel assemblies remain on site in water pools and will likely be transferred later to dry casks.

After 40-plus years of nuclear power generation, the federal government has no solution for safe disposal of the highly radioactive waste at Vermont Yankee or at any of the other 100 plus nuke plants in the U.S. And regardless of nuclear advocates’ claims, the industry has a large carbon footprint from mining and milling uranium and the assemblage of fuel rods.

Closer to home, Dominion Virginia Power continues to move ahead with licensing a third nuclear power plant at North Anna, which everyone know sits very close to an active earthquake fault, 30 miles from Charlottesville and 42 miles from Crozet.

North Anna Units 1 and 2 have had their operating licenses extended to

60 years. There is evidence that embrittlement of components is a safety issue in aging reactors.

Fewer than 300 spaces are left for spent fuel assemblies in the water pools and the pads where the dry casks are stored will be filled by 2020. By act of our General Assembly, Dominion can pass on costs of construction to the ratepayers. To date, Dominion, or rather the ratepayers, have spent at least $80 million to license North Anna 3.

Dominion successfully outbid Apex Virginia Offshore Wind LLC for federal wind leases off the Virginia coast in September 2013. Dominion’s wind energy initiatives are minuscule compared to its investment in unlicensed North Anna 3. The New York Times reports that both wind and solar are now competitive with coal and natural gas, even without federal subsidies. (Federal subsidies for renewables are expected to disappear in the Republicancontrolled 2015 Congress.)

Wind energy costs are as low as 1.4 cents per kilowatt hour and as high as 3.7 cents per kilowatt hour without subsidies. Natural gas is 6.1 cents per kilowatt hour and coal is 6.6 cents per kilowatt hour.

Dominion has been spending a lot of money on the 550-mile natural gas Atlantic Coast Pipeline they are seeking to build from Harrison County, West Virginia, over our mountains, into Southside and then into eastern North Carolina. Of

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course, a pipeline “spur” to Hampton Roads is included.

This means that West Virginia natural gas is for export, as is much of its mountaintop-removed coal.

Natural gas is not the interim fuel that will assure U.S. energy independence. This is evidenced by recent approval by the Federal Regulatory Energy Commission (FERC) in September for Dominion’s natural gas liquefication plant at Cove Point in Maryland on the Chesapeake Bay. Cove Point will become an export facility rather than a receiving dock for natural gas from abroad.

Dominion will also be building a 130 megawatt power plant to liquefy the gas for loading onto tankers. There are at least a dozen more applications to build liquefication plants along our coasts, all to fill tankers from overseas.

By the end of 2014, Dominion will have filed lawsuits against 56 Augusta County residents and 122 Nelson County residents who have refused Dominion’s request to survey their properties for the Atlantic Coast Pipeline. I would say that these citizens are “speakers of truth to power.”

There will be job creation as the pipeline is being built and Dominion will pay taxes to Southside counties strapped for revenue. Beyond that, the reality of the pipeline is one of environmental despoilation, accidents, spills and explosions along the route, more fracking in West Virginia, the increased possibility of fracking in

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Virginia’s own shale formations and big profits for energy exporters, i.e., Dominion and its partners, AGL Resources, Piedmont Natural Gas, and Duke Energy.

It was another happy day when New York Governor Cuomo surprised anti-fracking activists by banning fracking in New York on December 17.

New York joined Vermont as the only other state to ban this environmentally devastating extractive technology. Western New York, where the Marcellus shale formation is located, would benefit greatly by an influx of jobs and money. State officials and the governor took a look at other fracked communities in North Dakota, neighboring Pennsylvania and in West Virginia. That natural gas extraction is a boom and bust industry is rather transparent.

Their conclusion is that fracking will ultimately render communities worse off economically and socially. Carcinogens like benzene and formaldehyde make their way into groundwater. Birth defects and respiratory illnesses increase.

Eight localities including Mendocino County, California; Athens, Ohio; and Denton, Texas banned fracking by ballot initiative in November.

Canadian provinces Quebec and New Brunswick did so as well.

2015 was officially named “The International Year of Soils” by the UN Food and Agricultural Organization on December 5, World Soil Day. It is largely a symbolic gesture, but at least there is recognition that our soils are key to our planet’s food and farming systems. Soils are threatened by expanding cities, deforestation, unsustainable

CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015 Enlist Duo, which combines 2,4-D and glyphosate to kill superweeds that have become resistant to Roundup.

Concurrently with approval of Enlist Duo, Dow AgroScience’s genetically modified corn, resistant to both 2,4-D and Roundup, has been approved.

In 2014, 92 million acres were planted in corn and the U.S. produced the fifth largest corn crop since 1944. Corn (and soy) prices dropped significantly. One always hears that more corn is necessary to feed the increasing world population. Indeed, there is lots of corn syrup available, but the corn that U.S. farmers raise feeds cars first and then cattle.

Corn ethanol production soared this year and the industry (not the farmer) is making record profits because of the mandate that ethanol be blended into gasoline.

Corn ethanol production causes significant air and water pollution. In September EPA’s inspector general concluded that corn ethanol production is a major cause of water pollution in the Mississippi River basin and the Gulf of Mexico.

Corn ethanol also lowers gas mileage. A study by the Environmental Working Group (May 2014) found that reducing the amount of corn ethanol in gasoline would lower greenhouse gas emissions. Congress would do well to review the Renewable Fuel Standard in 2015.

Oregon almost passed Measure 92, the labeling of genetically engineered foodstuffs. It failed by 837 votes.

land use, pollution and overgrazing. Soils are being depleted 13 percent faster than they are replaced.

Ethanol production from corn, touted as a way to energy independence, plays a big role in soil degradation/depletion, especially in our Midwest.

Biofuel production was encouraged beginning in 2007 when Congress passed the Renewable Fuel Standard. Farmers could make money by planting corn for ethanol, so they plowed up grasslands and wetlands and planted corn rows closer together. Some 830,000 acres of grassland have been plowed up in Nebraska and another 370,000 in South Dakota. Since 2007, 8 million acres of prairie have been lost to corn cultivation. Corn was planted year after year without crop rotation and farmers poured on the Roundup and other toxic chemicals eliminating even more habitat for pollinators (including Monarch butterflies).

The EPA recently approved

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YOUTH PROGRAMS Scooter Basketball @ Crozet Elementary Instructional basketball for ages 3-6.

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Rookie Basketball @ Crozet Elementary Transitional League for ages 7-8.

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Living with Wolves Dogs If you have read my columns much over the years, you’ll notice that I really love comparing our domestic dogs to their ultimate ancestor, the grey wolf. Wolves are such amazing creatures. They have complex social behavior, they are important to an entire ecosystem, and of course, they have a likeness to our own domestic dogs.

I recently had the pleasure of watching “Living with Wolves,” a captivating documentary about a couple who spent six years living with a pack of wolves in the Idaho wilderness.

Jim and Jamie Dutcher fully submersed themselves in the world of wolves by living in a yurt in the middle of a large section of wilderness in which they helped to raise and maintain a wolf pack named the Sawtooth pack.

The Dutchers received a permit to fence off a large section of wilderness in order to start their study of the pack. They released some adults and raised some pups to add to the pack and after a few years had a self-sustaining wolf pack.

Because of their full immersion into the lives and environment of the Sawtooth pack, the Dutchers were able to document and film intimate details of the wolves’ behaviors on a daily basis. I highly recommend this documentary for fellow dog and wolf lovers out there.

Particularly impressive in the film is seeing up close just how intricate the social hierarchy in the pack is, from the alpha wolf down to the omega wolf. The wolves’ adult personalities mostly seemed to be ingrained by the time they were very young, like 3-4 months old.

Some wolves were just born leaders, while others were born

much more submissive. But it was the combination of all these differing personalities that allowed the pack to function best.

The film made clear just how much the wolves engage in play, and how much the pack loved it when new puppies were added to the mix. Frequently, regardless of season or weather, wolves would engage each other in play that looked just like dogs at a dog park, including chase, play bowing, and keep-away. When new pups were born, the entire pack became energized and right away several members took over key babysitting and teaching roles for these new pack members.

About two months ago, we introduced a new puppy into our pack, “Hank.” We offered to raise this 8-week old Labrador puppy for my brother who had to be away on business during that time. Our “pack” already consists of a four-year-old male lab named Boone, and another two-year-old female lab named Ruby. A pretty amazing transformation took place when young Hank entered the small Andersen pack.

Having just one male and one female dog, there is really not any sort of power struggle in our little pack. Boone, though very laid back, seems the natural leader in the house.

This really shows when outside in the woods, where he becomes a confident leader but always keeps an eye on the well-being of Ruby and his human pack members. Ruby is clearly the young dog and still has a lot of young dog energy and play in her. She just wants to be with everyone, rubbing up against everyone, as if she’s a natural peacekeeper or entertainer.

When Hank rolled into our lives, Boone and Ruby transformed into puppy raisers just like members of the Sawtooth pack did when their new pups

CROZETgazette arrived.

First, the house was filled with excitement. And Hank was not timid–he right away began jumping up on our dogs, biting their faces, and playing tug with their favorite toys. After the first day of adjustment, you could easily tell that Boone and Ruby now felt they had a job to do– teach Hank the ways of the world.

Boone patiently allowed Hank to bite and hang on his jowls or ear, but was quick to give Hank a reprimand when he started getting carried away.

Boone would go from stern or indifferent one moment, to lying on his back the next, allowing Hank to stand over him and attack him with the energy only a young pup has.

Ruby had energy to go with Hank all day and night. She too would roll on her back and allow Hank to step over her and bite her jowls, but she also had her limits. She would reprimand with a yelp or a growl when Hank became too much.

With the other activities of the Andersen pack, eating meals, going outside, using the bathroom, and in-house play,

JANUARY 2015 Hank learned everything he needed by just watching the older dogs. What great role models they were! Gentle when they needed to be, and firm when it was necessary, they did their job well.

Sadly, the day came when Hank went off to live with my brother in his forever home in northern Virginia, and our pack has been slowly returning to normal. The constant energy and excitement has left the house, not necessarily in a bad way, but our pack does seem a little down or bored without Hank around to give them something to do constantly.

I always find it amazing to see the personalities our dogs are born with, and how those are shaped in the environment they’re in. In the end, one of the biggest differences between domestic dogs and wolves is that our dogs need us humans in their pack. They are inextricably tied to us for their survival, and clearly dependent on us for their social needs. If we allow ourselves to be taken into the pack, soon enough we become dependent on them for reciprocal needs.

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Crozet Christmas Parade 2014

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JANUARY 2015

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Reverse Mortgages

CCAC Recap

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a new home in Crozet. It passed 14-0.

David Stoner said that he disagreed with RFP’s goal of charging market rate for the depot. “The county should offer a below-market rate for the right business,” he said.

More said she agreed with that.

Build Crozet Library chair Bill Schrader told the CCAC that the “adventure outpost” idea first imagined for the vacant library space will shift instead to the lower floor lobby area and rely on screens to convey information provided by the Charlottesville Albemarle Convention and Visitors Bureau.

White Hall District Planning Commissioner Tom Loach told the CCAC that up-coming zoning text amendments to the County’s Comprehensive Plan show that the zoning ideas in the Downtown Crozet District are being promulgated county-wide. County planning staffers prepared a graphic presentation of what that code looks like when built and Loach showed the slides to the CCAC. Berkmar Drive in Charlottesville was shown converted to three and four story buildings with apartments above commercial uses. Another slide showed Albemarle Square with the same code applied.

Parking, including parking garages, is relegated to locations behind the streetfront.

“These are consistent with downtown Crozet plan,” Loach said. “Even the 1993 Crozet Development Plan text has basically the same form.” Loach said Old Trail Village is an example of the form, which can also be seen now in the Clarendon section of Arlington. “The Comp Plan docs are now full of pictures of Crozet,” Loach noted.

Loach’s point was that the county has answered Frank Stoner’s June question to the CCAC of what the DCD is supposed to look like when achieved.

“It occurs in stages over time,” observed CCAC member Leslie Burns. “We have to be patient, determined and keep our eyes on the prize.”

Planning Commissioner Mac

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—continued from page 3

Lafferty (a former Crozet resident and CCAC member), who now represents Jack Jouett District, asked Frank Stoner why his response to the CCA’s June list of principles for downtown development had been delivered to the CCAC the night before its meeting.

More, who handles the agenda as a preparation for becoming chair next spring, spoke up to say that the matter of Stoner’s comments would be discussed at a future meeting.

Stoner answered, “We called time-out to focus on the closing [on the lumberyard]. Now we’re shifting back to the rezoning.”

CCAC chair Meg Holden said, “There are still issues with connectors and parking. No developer is going to pay for those on their own. We need to get the county involved.”

Frank Stoner said that a new trestle under the tracks near the firehouse is “vital.” No engineering study of the idea has been done and the location would require waivers of turn lane and sight distance requirements, he acknowledged. “It may be possible to get car, but not truck, access,” he said.

White Hall Supervisor Ann Mallek called “Eastern Avenue” a projected road connecting downtown with eastern Crozet and with Cory Farm on Rt. 250 a “long term dream.” She said a bridge required over Lickinghole Creek would cost at least $5 million.

David Stoner said, “We need a collaborative effort to solve these.”

The collaboration would be that taxpayers would pay for some of the lumberyard’s infrastructure development.

More reminded CCAC members who have had private meetings with the developers to be “mindful” to report to the CCAC generally what they had learned and talked about.

“We want to get to a plan,” responded L.J. Lopez of Milestone. “We have set out a vision, but a lot of questions that we propose are about getting us to a plan that is executable.”

“We haven’t seen enough details to say whether we like it,” said CCAC member Phil Best.

CCAC member Beth Bassett observed that Stoner had made continued on page 25

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JANUARY 2015

23

John Andersen at Mile 12 of the Mountain Masochist Trail Run 50 Miler, which started in Lynchburg. Andersen finished sixth overall out of over 300 runners on November 1, 2014 (Photo credit: Micah Carrol).

Back to Fitness —continued from page 14

limiting the benefit of the fat burning adaptions and putting extra strain on the body with no additional benefit. Slow runs should be slow and newer runners should be doing almost all of their runs slowly. This may involve some walking up hills around here!

Everyone should be running trails some – To the displeasure of physical therapists everywhere, I do zero cross training or strength training to supplement my running.

However, I make it a point to get out on the trails at least twice a week. Trail running makes you stronger, especially around Crozet because of all the hills. The constantly varying, technical terrain as well as the prolonged descents and climbs really strengthen your core and hips. Newer runners and masters runners should especially get in some time on the trails because the need for core and hip strength is greatest in these groups. And besides, trail running is fun and relaxing, which is part of what it’s all about.

Home PT is NOT optional for healthy running, unless you are 18. Okay, you’re 38 and ready to get back into fitness.

You’ll find out soon enough that you’re not 20 anymore! Running does put a lot of stress on our muscles, especially when we are getting back into exercise. We can actually do a lot to keep things working properly, stretching our hip flexors, rolling our quads, calves, and feet.

A great start is to go see a physical therapist (and also a massage

therapist) to see where your body is tight and what you can do to keep it supple. If you’re like 80 percent of us, stretch your hip flexors and roll your calves every single day.

I am 38 and in 2014, I was doing some type of PT at home once or twice daily all year long.

I consider this my “pre-hab”, avoiding injuries before they happen. Doing things like daily stretching and rolling also teaches you a lot about your body and allows you to be more intuitive if you are heading down the road of to possible injury.

Nutrition is really, really important. Both what you eat and when you eat. In 2014 nutrition played a vital role in my training, recovery, and performance. A few quick rules: Try not to eat before a run – don’t start a run with an insulin spike! Be a better fat burner, and force your body to start using it. Unless you are diabetic, we all have plenty of sugar stores in our muscles for 1.5 hours of activity. Even if you’re waking up to do a speed workout, don’t eat!

Eat within 30 minutes of finishing a run. Your body can resupply muscle glycogen at an accelerated rate for about 30 minutes post-exercise. Prepare for your next run by eating right after you finish this one.

Avoid sugar like the plague.

Consider it for what it is–-a toxin to your body. Water only, limit carbs and processed foods ­—try a two week no sugar/no simple carbs (bread/pasta/processed foods in packages) challenge!

Be thankful and grateful. continued on page 25

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Off on a Jingle Jog Jingle Jog organizer John Andersen launched more than 200 people who showed up at Old Trail Village Christmas morning on a 5k around the Old Trail neighborhood. The informal race was free to enter and untimed. Kids on bikes, walkers, joggers and runners tied bells to their shoe laces and

took a break from Christmas commotion to limber up and get an appetite for dinner. Each got a little present, too, a Crozet Jingle Jog water bottle.

The event was sponsored by Piedmont Pediatrics, Crozet Pediatric Dentistry, Hamer and Hamer, and Crozet Running.

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CROZETgazette

CCAC Recap —continued from page 22

his first presentation to the CCAC in December of 2013.

“It’s been a year that we’ve been involved with this.”

“We, as of two days ago, did not know if we were going to close with the bank,” said Frank Stoner. “We’ve consolidated the CSX and Barnes property. We want to build something special and work with the community and we have patient capital.”

CCAC member Mary Gallo asked if Milestone had reached out to other downtown business owners to see what their views of parking needs are and what they think of the new trestle idea.

Stoner said he would do that.

Speaking from the audience, Bill Schrader next held up a copy of the CCAC’s mission

Park

—continued from page 13

fall of 2014, this $170,000 campaign will continue throughout the year with the goal of raising the remaining $125,000 to build a pond-side amphitheater (the $45K pavilion was built in October). The amphitheater is expected to become a focal point at the Park and to attract a variety of local musical guests, events, plays, and other performances. In January and February the Park Board will solicit input from local stakeholder groups to refine amphitheater requirements and begin developing more detailed plans. Our goal is to raise amphitheater funds through grants, corporate sponsors and community donations this year and break ground in 2016.

Parking, Signage and Lighting: the Park is requesting Capital Improvement Project (CIP) funding from Albemarle County to help with designing

Back to Fitness —continued from page 23

This year, I learned what it truly felt like to run with gratitude.

Be thankful for your family. Be thankful for the opportunity to be outside improving your

JANUARY 2015 statement from the county, pointing out that it prohibits members from working for “special interests.” The implication was that some CCAC members were acting consciously as advocates for the developer.

“You work for the Master Plan,” he said. “Keep the Master Plan in mind. When you meet with special interests, part of the information gets back and part does not. Be careful. I’m pro-business, but only if it complies with the Master Plan. It’s our guiding implementation tool.”

“I felt extremely unsatisfied with the November meeting,” Bassett followed up in the same vein, reading a prepared statement. “Working in special groups is beyond our purpose.

We represent all the people of Crozet,” she said.

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Tabor Presbyterian Church (USA) Worship Service Sundays • 10:30 a.m.

FOLLOWED BY FELLOWSHIP Rev. Dr. Jewell-Ann Parton, Pastor Traditional in worship, Prgressive in outreach, Inclusive of All

An Outreach of Tabor Presbyterian Church All Events are in the Pickford-Chiles Fellowship Hall Unless Otherwise Noted

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and expanding the Park’s current parking to include increased signage and lighting throughout the Park. If approved, CIP funding would become available in July.

Crozet Dog Park: after several successful fundraisers, “Pints for Pups” hosted by Starr Hill Brewery, $5,500 of the estimated $34,000 has been raised for this fenced-in dog park.

With a potential challenge grant from a local organization and, a few more events, we hope to time development of the dog park to coincide with the Perimeter Trail project in early summer.

If you thought 2014 was an amazing year, please join us for what will be an incredible 2015.

There are so many ways to participate by volunteering your time and talents and/or providing funding to one or several projects. For those of you who have already joined the effort, thank you. Together we are making Claudius Crozet Park a destination for all.

Rehearsals Resume Wednesday, January 7 • 7 p.m.

See crozetcares.com/handbells for details.

Eden Energy Medicine Study Group Thursday, January 8 • 7 - 8:30 pm

$20 fee, scholarships available for new students. To register, contact Octavia Alliss, EEM Clinical Practitioner/Teacher, 434-996-3199.

Nourishing the Mamas Workshop Sunday, January 11 • 1:30 - 5 p.m.

Come have FUN and be NOURISHED in this experiential workshop!

Connect with other mothers. Learn tools for relief from stress, frustration, and burnout. Fee: $35, child care will be provided on-site.

To Register: www.eventbrite.com/e/nourishing-the-mamas-workshop1112015-tickets-14755649545. For more information contact Ursula Goadhouse 434-964-9565 or ursula@spiritjoy.us

Return To Balance: Skills For a Relaxed and Energized New Year Saturday, January 24, 9:30 a.m. - 12:30 p.m.

Lee Felton, who teaches the very successful T’ai Chi classes here at Crozet Cares, will be hosting this workshop, which will use the principles of T’ai Chi and other breathing and movement tools, to create and develop relaxed, present states of mind. Tuition is $50. To register, contact Lee Felton at lfdh98@aol.com or call the Tabor office at 434-823-4255.

Coping with Loss & Supporting Loved Ones Thursdays, January 15 - February 12 • 6:30 - 7:30 p.m.

A five-week bereavement support group on coping with loss and supporting loved ones. This course is not just for those experiencing grief, but also for those supporting a friend or loved one who is actively grieving. Adonice D’Atre, MSW, LCSW, Bereavement Coordinator, Legacy Hospice will be leading this program.

To register, email crozetcares@gmail.com or for more information, please call Adonice at 434-970-7776.

Second Saturday Art Gallery Opening Saturday, February 14, 5 - 7 p.m.

Celebrate Valentine’s Day by stopping in for our art show! February’s featured artist is Nancy McDearmon. In addition to being a fine painter, Nancy is a professor at Sweet Briar College.

Upcoming in March!

health. Be thankful for this great community, our beautiful mountains and wildlife, and our miraculous bodies. No matter if it’s raining outside, your shoes came untied, or your iPhone just died—live and run with gratitude.

Visit www.crozetcares.com/Upcoming-Events.html for more details R.A.D. Self-Defense for Women • Sat./Sun., March 14/15, 1 - 5:30 p.m.

Crozet Community Orchestra Concert • Sun., March 22, 4 p.m.

For more information visit

CrozetCares.com Click on Upcoming Events

Tabor Presbyterian Church

5804 Tabor Street • Crozet www.taborpc.org • 434-823-4255

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CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

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If a Tree Falls…

I was walking in the S m o k y Mountains many years ago.

It was a perfectly pleasant day, with a light breeze. Suddenly I heard a cracking and crashing of limbs and twigs, as if a critter were running near by and getting closer to me. I stood still and waited, not sure what I was about to see. I was blithely assuming that this critter was not running at me, however.

Then, in far less time than it took for you to read the above— Kah-Whummp! A tree branch about five feet long and half a foot in diameter hit the ground a few yards away. But for dumb luck, I could have been under it. By my conservative estimate of wood density, the limb would have easily weighed sixty pounds and could have caused me considerable injury. It was a rude awakening for a tree hugger.

Most gardeners appreciate trees, but we have to temper that affection with a healthy respect for the damage they can cause. From 1995 through 2007, 407 deaths occurred in the U.S. from wind-related tree failures. And recent experience with microbursts and derechos in Virginia has made that all the more obvious. What can you as a homeowner do about hazardous trees? And what can you do about the hazards of trees that you don’t own?

Then again, what trees actually pose a “hazard”? The answer: It’s a bit like, “if a tree falls in the woods, and nobody’s there…” Falling trees and branches are not legally considered hazards if they don’t have a

reasonable chance to hit any person or property. So a certain tree right next to a trail could be a hazard, but a hundred feet away the identical tree would not be hazardous. Dead trees can certainly be left standing if they don’t pose a threat to any person or thing. Aside from their wildlife value—nesting sites, food for woodpeckers, etc-snags off in the distance can provide a picturesque character to the landscape. But close to human activity, dead trees will typically unpredictably drop branches and require either removal or radical pruning.

A trickier case is trees that are alive, but showing signs of stress, such as dead twigs, cracks in the bark, or root damage from construction. Such a tree could soldier on for years or might even recover, given proper treatment, but only a certified arborist is qualified to make an assessment. And even perfectly healthy living trees can come down in strong winds: softwoods will uproot with winds of about 87 mph and can snap when speeds exceed 104 mph. Hardwoods are only slightly stronger, requiring winds about 4-6 mph faster before they fail. So, do all trees within a certain distance of your home and yard have to be viewed with a jaundiced eye?

The answer to that question may well depend on your site’s susceptibility to wind, as well as your tolerance for risk. It’s meaningless to say that “winds above XX mph only occur every Y years” because they could occur again tomorrow. Or maybe not for another hundred years. Perhaps more important is your neighbor’s tolerance for risk, assuming that a tree could affect his property. Which

CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

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Tree damage in the 2012 derecho (Photo: Linda Marchman)

brings us to sticky legal questions. (At this point, I should remind every one that I have done some legal research on this topic, but I’m not a lawyer. If in doubt, consult an attorney.)

Trees pay no attention to property lines, whether they are standing upright or falling over.

A tree located near a boundary may eventually send its limbs— and roots—over to your neighbor’s property. At which point, those limbs and roots become part of his property. He is fully in his rights to remove any growth that is on his property, even though it may butcher the tree and be construed as the act of a not-so-good neighbor. But what if he starts eying the portion of the tree on your property, claiming it could cause damage on his side?

If your tree is perfectly healthy—more on that in a bit—you should have nothing to worry about. The only thing that could bring your tree down would be an Act of God, such as a major windstorm, and you can’t be blamed for that. But who said the tree was in good health? You’d better have a written statement from a certified arborist attesting to that fact, not just your own opinion.

On the other hand, let’s suppose your tree was showing some signs of distress, and your neighbor was the one that hired the arborist. Assuming he could

get a good look at the tree, he might declare that it was in decline and posed a hazard to his client’s property. Armed with this information, your neighbor can then send you a certified letter requesting that you take down the tree. What are your obligations then?

Legally, none. Still, you might consider hiring your own arborist and hope that the second opinion is more favorable.

On the other hand, you might decide that your neighbor is indeed right and you have the tree taken down. You might also approach him and suggest a 50:50 cost split, since he will benefit from removal as much as you. Finally, you could do nothing and hope that the tree causes no harm. But if it does, then your neighbor—or more likely, his insurer—can come after you for negligence. Then you or your insurer will pick up the tab for damages.

Please don’t be so scared by all of this that you hire the first guy that cruises the neighborhood with a chain saw. Most especially, do not buy into “topping,” the practice of reducing your tree to a series of stubs in the hope that it will reduce its vulnerability to wind. It will make your tree look awful and likely reduce its lifespan.

And for New Year’s, go out and hug a tree. Just look up first.

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CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

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G l o b a l warming, climate change, sea level rise, drought, floods, greenhouse gases, carbon pollution; these are phrases we use to characterize the effects of elevated levels carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere.

As important as these effects are or may turn out to be, they represent only part of this very complex story.

In this series of articles, I wish to shine a spotlight on different, seldom discussed aspects of elevated CO2 in the air. To do so, I will shift away from physics toward biology and change our frame of reference from climate science and oceanography to agronomy and plant science by describing how plants, trees and agricultural crops are responding to the increased availability of CO2 in the air.

Keep in mind as you read, these are just preliminary chapters of the fuller story, a story that we are continuing to write and to comprehend.

Photosynthetic plants construct the molecules of life using atmospheric carbon dioxide as their starting point. All of the calories we consume each day come directly or indirectly from plants. Foods are solid and liquid forms of sunlight; they contain the electromagnetic energy of the sun converted and stored as chemical energy in proteins, carbohydrates and fats.

With more CO2 available in the air (35 percent more in my lifetime) brought about by our burning of fossil fuels, plant productivity is changing right now on our farms, in our gardens, out on the prairies and within the earth’s forests. And more changes are likely to emerge as CO2 levels increase.

First, a little background information before we proceed.

Plants capture the carbon dioxide they need to grow through microscopic pores on the sur-

face of their leaves and stems called stomata. CO2 diffuses from the air through the stomata into plant cells where the photosynthetic process incorporates CO2 into organic biochemicals. While CO2 is coming in, water is simultaneously diffusing out through the stomata to the atmosphere in a process called transpiration.

In hot and dry conditions, plants tend to partially close their stomata to reduce transpiration and conserve water.

However, partially closed stomata diminish a plant’s ability to absorb CO2 from the air, which in turn can slow down photosynthesis and stunt growth.

As my first example I have chosen scientific results published in the journal Global Change Biology obtained by researchers at the Experimental Research Station of the University of Illinois who investigated the response of the cassava plant to elevated levels of CO2 in the atmosphere.

Cassava ranks second—after potatoes—as the most important root crop in the world. Like the potato, cassava is a native of South America, where the plant is more commonly known as yuca (not to be confused with the spiky yucca shrub, which is a different plant). Today, cassava is grown most extensively in Africa and Asia (where it is also known as manioc) and it has become the third largest source of food carbohydrates in the tropics, after rice and corn.

Cassava is the principal food for more than half a billion people, providing almost two-thirds of human caloric intake in sub-Saharan Africa. The importance of cassava to many Africans is epitomized in their name for the plant, agbeli, meaning ‘there is life.’ Many North Americans are more familiar with cassava, after it is treated and dried to a powder, as tapioca.

To make their experiments more representative of what

CROZETgazette happens in the real world, the University of Illinois researchers left their laboratories and greenhouses and examined cassava grown under field conditions.

They exposed one set of plants to elevated levels of CO2(585 ppm) in the open air, while the other control set was grown under ambient CO2 levels. After three and half months, they harvested the plants. They found that for those plants grown in the CO2-enriched atmosphere, the cassava root tuber dry mass increased more than 100 percent compared to plants grown at ambient CO2 levels.

This is astounding.

Without genetic engineering, without selecting for those varieties that do well in elevated CO2, without adding any more natural or chemical fertilizers, water, warmth or sunshine, edible yields doubled! Additionally, the cassava’s biomass above ground also increased, but not as dramatically (30 percent).

The authors of the study concluded that “High photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic stimulation by elevated [CO2], larger canopies, and a large sink capacity all contributed to cassava’s growth and yield stimulation.” [CO2] means the concentration of CO2 in air. By ‘larger canopies’ they mean more and/or larger leaves on each plant. ‘A large sink capacity’ refers to the bulky and growing tubers, which are excellent places (sinks) to store the output of all that increased photosynthetic activity occurring above ground in the larger leaf canopy. In other words, plants grown in the presence of extra CO2 were bigger above ground, and even more so below ground.

The team of researchers noted that before they performed their field study, “The potential for cassava to enhance food security in an elevated [CO2] world is uncertain as greenhouse and open top chamber (OTC) study reports are ambiguous. Studies have yielded misleading results in the past regarding the effect of elevated [CO2] on crop productivity, particularly in cases where pots restricted sink growth.”

Cassava tubers and its leaves—which also are edible— frequently contain trace levels of compounds that, in the presence of water, can release toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN).

JANUARY 2015

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“Making fufu Democratic Republic Congo” by Nhobgood Nick Hobgood.

Cassava must be treated and prepared properly prior to human or animal consumption.

The study authors noted “Importantly, and in contrast to a greenhouse study, they found no evidence of increased leaf N or total cyanide concentration in elevated [CO2].”

This study highlights several important points to remember about how plants respond to increasing enrichment of CO2 (carbon pollution) in the air.

First, increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere can lead to substantial increases in the yields of important food crops.

This is called the ‘CO2 fertilization effect.’ In this experiment, crop yields more than doubled when atmospheric CO2 concentrations were increased twothirds over ambient levels. This field study suggests that farmers and gardeners may see greater yields in those crops that have the natural capacity and inclination to store the “fruits” of enhanced photosynthetic activity in edible leaves, berries, fruit, roots and tubers.

Second, experiments such as this one performed under field conditions employing free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology can lead to surprising and even contradictory findings compared to what occurs in the laboratory or in controlled greenhouse environments. To emphasize in a humorous way the unexpected turn of events, the authors titled their paper, Cassava about-FACE: Greater than expected yield stimulation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) by future CO2 levels.

Third, EPA projects atmospheric levels of CO2 reaching 585 ppm (the level investigated in this study) by the 2050s, only

continued on page 39

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CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

BY DR. ROBERT C. REISER

crozetannals@crozetgazette.com

On Being Less Judgemental

By Guest Columnist Amita Sudhir, MD

URGENT CARE

Three locations FOR YOUR CONVENIENCE

Lately, there have been a lot of articles on medical blogs and other online media in which doctors deride their patients for their lifestyle choices and what they see as their general lack of respectability. A favorite target of these diatribes is the patient with a $400 smartphone. How dare they have the gall to bandy such a trinket about, all the while expecting healthcare that they probably can’t afford?

Never mind that the patient’s only access to the Internet may be that smartphone, because they are homeless, or because they can’t afford cable, or because their credit is bad.

More disturbing was the article that explained the use of the term “SHPOS” to describe patients, which the author claimed was widespread amongst medical personnel. I was aghast to discover that the “SH” was an acronym for “sub-human,” and the “POS,” well, I don’t need to explain that part. (I was also quite relieved, afterwards, to find, upon conducting an informal poll of my colleagues, that none of them had even heard of the term.)

The author justified the use of

this moniker aimed at patients who harass their physicians, are rude to them, and behave otherwise generally undeserving of their care.

Of course, there are times when it is understandable for a physician to judge patients for their choices, when those choices have directly led to their need for medical care. Riding a motorcycle without a helmet is one example that comes to mind. But to place a value judgment on decisions made by your patient that have little or no bearing on their medical care, just because they are poor is not only in bad taste, but also detracts from the emergency physician’s ability to be an advocate for her patients.

You also have to be thickskinned to work in the ED. Patients are not always going to be grateful for their care. They often didn’t choose to come to the hospital, but were forced to by circumstances beyond their control and being polite is the last thing on their minds.

Maybe they are staring at that $400 smartphone and ignoring you because that touchscreen is the only semblance of control they have left in their lives.

Internal validation is the main-

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CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

MEN’S HEALTH

by Ryan Smith, MD

Vasectomy: Have No Fear?

With all the hubbub of the holiday season, you may have missed several recent important men’s health initiatives, including World Vasectomy Day, which took place on November 7.

Why do we need a day dedicated to vasectomies? World Vasectomy Day was founded in 2013 by filmmaker Jonathan Stack and physician Doug Stein to encourage men to take responsibility for family planning. Up to 500,000 vasectomies are performed each year in the United States, making vasectomy the fourth most-commonly used contraceptive method in the U.S. Condoms, oral contraceptives for women, and tubal sterilization precede it in terms of utilization.

When compared to tubal ligation, vasectomy is equally effective, but safer and cheaper.

For instance, a vasectomy requires local rather than general anesthesia, which is required for a woman to undergo a tubal ligation, and can typically be performed in a clinic setting. Despite these advantages, data from 19982002 showed that tubal ligation was performed two to three times more often than vasectomy. Worldwide, the discrepancy between vasectomy and tubal ligation is even more marked.

There are many myths surrounding vasectomy, which may be why it’s not more common.

For instance, some men confuse vasectomy with castration, which is the surgical removal of the testes. Others fear that vasectomy will somehow make them “less of a man.”

So, what really happens during a vasectomy, and what are the risks? For starters, sperm are made in the testes. From there, they travel to the epididymis, which connects the testicle to the vas deferens and aids in sperm maturation. The vas def-

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erens is a muscular tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct within the urethra (the channel through which men urinate and ejaculate) at the time of ejaculation. During a vasectomy, the vas deferens (tube carrying the sperm), is typically cut, clamped or sealed utilizing various techniques. This prevents newly created sperm from being ejaculated. The procedure should not cause any changes in a man’s libido, erectile capacity, testosterone or ability to ejaculate.

Vasectomy is intended to be a permanent form of contraception and is often covered by insurance. It has a less than one percent failure rate compared to condoms, which fail 18 percent of the time. While vasectomy is meant to be permanent, reversal is possible, with about 6 percent of men electing to do so.

As with all methods of birth control, vasectomy carries its own element of risk. Vasectomy does not produce immediate sterility and another form of contraception is required until a post-vasectomy semen test is performed. The rates of surgical complications such as hematoma (a blood clot) and infection are one to two percent.

Chronic pain may develop following the procedure in a like percent of men; however, few men require additional surgery.

Vasectomy may not be the right choice for all men or their families, but it’s important for men to adopt an active role in family planning. Your primary care physician can refer to you to a urologist or provider who performs vasectomies to discuss the procedure further. A counseling visit is required prior to the procedure.

Fear and a lack of good information often keep men from taking charge of their health.

Whether vasectomy is right for you or not, see your doctor regularly.

Third Thursday at The Lodge at Old Trail JANUARY 15 5:30 pm

The History of the Claudius Crozet Railroad Tunnels We are thrilled to announce that Clann Mhór, a small non-profit organization that studies the history of the Blue Ridge Railroad, will be making their second appearance at The Lodge! They will present and discuss the 1850’s engineering feat of Claudius Crozet’s tunnel and the construction of the Blue Ridge Railroad in Central Virginia thru steep terrain, tall embankments, deep ravines and a mountain! This intriguing discussion honors the hundreds of Irish immigrants and rented slaves that labored endlessly and lost their lives during the eight years it took to build this railroad.

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CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

A New Year’s Paradox

by Clover Carroll | clover@crozetgazette.com

We hear it everywhere: Ring in the New Year with a new car! Ring out the old, ring in the new with new running shoes / gym membership / resolutions / renovation! The expression is so familiar that a recent Daily Progress headline even used it for a play on words: “Bring out the old, Bring out the new,” it touted (wink wink, nudge nudge)! But how many people actually know the origin of this oft-used cliché? Or that this apparent declaration of joy was originally part of a funeral elegy? The knowledge of its true origin introduces us to one of the major paradoxes of literary history. The poem we know and quote so readily today means something entirely different when read in its original context.

“Ring Out, Wild Bells”—the poem that inspires these ubiquitous New Year’s slogans—is, in reality, an excerpt from a much longer one. “In Memoriam, A.H.H.” was written by Victorian poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-92) to mourn the untimely death of his dear friend and collaborator, Arthur Henry Hallam. Hallam, a college friend who had been engaged to marry Tennyson’s sister Emily, was only 22 when he died suddenly in 1833 of a stroke—an event which forever changed Tennyson. The celebratory elation we hear in “ring out, wild bells” is closer to bitter desperation at the loss of his friend—a deep grief rather than the unbridled joy that appears from a surface reading. But of course, the spirit of reckless abandon that makes this poem so appealing can result from either emotional state.

The full “In Memoriam” (as it is usually known) consists of 133 cantos (nearly 3,000 lines) written in iambic tetrameter (four unstressed-stressed beats per line), with the straightforward rhyme scheme abba cddc etc. Considered one of the single most influential poems of the Victorian era, it is so well-known that in literary circles, this came to be known as the “In Memoriam stanza.”

While some consider this meter and rhyme scheme monotonous, to me it conveys resignation and apathy, as if the poet is half dead himself now that his friend is gone. The most famous passage from the full poem is found in Canto 27: I hold it true, whate’er befall; I feel it when I sorrow most; ‘Tis better to have loved and lost Than never to have loved at all.

Tennyson became the most prominent and successful British poet of the Victorian age (c. 1837-1901, during the reign of Queen Victoria), and was appointed England’s poet laureate in 1850. While “In

Memoriam” is probably his most famous poem, “The Lady of Shallott,” “Ulysses,” and “The Charge of the Light Brigade” have also attained the status of classics. “In Memoriam,” published in 1849, is not so much a single elegy as a series of poems written over 17 years after Hallam’s death, “inspired by the changing moods of the author’s regret for his lost friend, and expressing his own anxieties about change, evolution, and immortality” (Oxford Companion to English Literature). It is a powerful requiem in which Tennyson found his true voice. Queen Victoria herself treasured the poem, finding in it great comfort after the death of Prince Albert in 1861.

The mood of “Ring Out, Wild Bells” is more reflective than celebratory, establishing the common view that the new year provides an opportunity for a new beginning.

Speaking in apostrophe directly to “the bells,” the poet looks back at “the want, the cares, the sins” of the past, and forward to their hoped for amelioration as he calls for sweeping social change. In this way, the bells become a symbol of a higher power, one capable of guiding humankind to a more enlightened state, and the poem itself becomes a sort of prayer for “the common love of good.” As the poem progresses, the wild bell-ringing sounds an almost frantic note of wishing to obliterate the past and replace it with a cleaner, purer future.

In the first two stanzas, the poet draws a parallel between the end of the year and human mortality. The poet’s choice of the word “him” creates a double meaning, referring both to the year and to his dead friend.

The poet prays for an end to the “grief that saps the mind,” but also to the many and varied flaws that he sees in the world around him, such as pride, disease, class inequity, and greed. The power of the poem lies in Tennyson’s ability to transform this personal grief into a more universal lament. “Ring, happy bells, across the snow” expresses this dual thrust in a visual image: the sound of the bells is joyous, but they must overcome the “faithless coldness” of the snow, which may represent both death and mankind’s pain.

In subsequent stanzas, the poet refers to the evils of the Industrial Revolution. Like his contemporary Charles Dickens, Tennyson was shocked and saddened at the terrible poverty, long hours, and dismal and dangerous working conditions, typical for the laboring classes in this era. He admonishes the bells to ring in a new age of reform that would reduce the disparity between social classes and check the rampant greed that led to these conditions. The resulting series of contrasts also expresses Tennyson’s ongoing conflict between faith and doubt.

Throughout the poem, the poet fights the

“In Memoriam, A.H.H.“ Canto 106

by Alfred, Lord Tennyson

Ring out, wild bells, to the wild sky, The flying cloud, the frosty light; The year is dying in the night; Ring out, wild bells, and let him die.

Ring out the old, ring in the new, Ring, happy bells, across the snow: The year is going, let him go; Ring out the false, ring in the true.

Ring out the grief that saps the mind, For those that here we see no more, Ring out the feud of rich and poor, Ring in redress to all mankind.

Ring out a slowly dying cause, And ancient forms of party strife; Ring in the nobler modes of life, With sweeter manners, purer laws.

Ring out the want, the care, the sin, The faithless coldness of the times; Ring out, ring out my mournful rhymes, But ring the fuller minstrel in.

Ring out false pride in place and blood, The civic slander and the spite; Ring in the love of truth and right, Ring in the common love of good.

Ring out old shapes of foul disease, Ring out the narrowing lust of gold; Ring out the thousand wars of old, Ring in the thousand years of peace.

Ring in the valiant man, and free, The larger heart, the kindlier hand, Ring out the darkness of the land, Ring in the Christ that is to be.

urge to give in to despair, but ultimately expresses hope for the future. Happily, many of the reforms Tennyson hoped for have come to pass, at least in the industrialized nations. However, the penultimate stanza’s plea to ring out war and ring in peace is as relevant today as it was 150 years ago.

Of course, one final question that arises from this perennial poetic favorite is, what bells? Where are they? Did you hear any bells at midnight on New Year’s Eve—even in New York City? We can only assume that in 19th c. England, rather than crystal ball drops, fireworks, or confetti showers, the new year was marked at midnight by the pealing of bells from the towers of churches.

Now, that is a tradition I would love to see make a comeback!

CROZETgazette

Winter Pleasures ACROSS 1 Oil cartel founded in Iraq 5 Popular ride-share app 9 Leaf 13 Decorate again 14 Taste deeply 16 Concept 17 Put on pounds 18 Fall back into flakes and flap your wings 20 Race downhill on runners 22 Hand truck (var.)

23 Wine in combination 24 Poppy and sesame 25 “There’s a certain _____, Winter afternoons” —Emily Dickinson 31 Second generation Japanese in America 32 Pub pint 33 Filth 37 Fighting Mohammed 38 Snuggles 42 Faulkner’s _____ Lay Dying 43 Model job 45 Way of Lao Tsu 46 Cell phone precursor 48 Romantic nook in flickering light 52 “Last straw “ or “under the weather” 55 Without 56 Places for protons and neutrons 58 Warming bedtime beverage 62 Three bright wintry stars show mighty huntsman 64 Neesen or Hemsworth 65 Mild oath 66 Charlottesville park, Maryland fort 67 Memo or legal opening, meaning concerning 68 Like omelets or custard 69 Mimic 70 Antlered azalea eaters

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JANUARY 2015

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DOWN 1 Associations: Abbr.

2 How bells ring in the new 3 Actress Falco 4 Tacitly allow 5 American/Chinese, briefly 6 “We happy few, we _____ brothers”: Shakespeare speech provides miniseries title 7 Expression of Bacchic frenzy 8 Seat spot 9 Sow offspring 10 Skyfall singer 11 Icy cold 12 Soothes 15 Cool on the West Coast?

19 Snack 21 Spasm once more?

25 Crackle colleague?

26 _____ and Stitch

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6 Bear’s foot 7 Food for bears 10 Famous bear 11 Bears can run ____ 12 Cozy places for bears in winter

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27 Caveat to purchaser 28 Chaucer’s young squire: “a cadet, a _____ fire” 29 Not well 30 Alphabetic exclamation 34 Epiphany gift givers 35 Pre-owned 36 Where rubber meets road 39 Buses around Grounds: Abbr.

40 1440 minutes 41 Used up 44 Niche science 47 First two words of a rock simile 49 Bad sign 50 Partner to Wagner’s Tristan 51 Dog type, like terrier or pinscher 52 How Keats celebrated nightingale or urn 53 Cloth covering to protect coif or pate (var.)

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54 Done to pucks, cakes, or bare trees 57 Dogma 58 Pile higher 59 Sup 60 Risk 61 Yogurt-like Danish fermented milk 63 Peter Rabbit author to besties?

Solution on page 38

by Mary Mikalson

Down 1 Sleep through the winter 2 The ____ bears 3 Mother bear 4 Baby bear 8 Famous bear 9 Mother bears often give birth to ____ 11 Bears have ____ coats

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CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

A New Year’s Energy Resolution: Waste Not, Want Not! L a s t Thanksgiving, I came face to face with the environmental prospects facing our world. Speaking with a young man who I’d guess was about 30, I was deeply distressed by his indifference to the effect of ever-increasing energy demands placed upon the Earth.

With all of the talk about sustainability, I would have hoped that young people, especially, would demonstrate more environmental awareness. But for this young waiter, energy consumption was as natural and necessary as food consumption.

He spoke of how his generation believed work should be mixed with play, and he pointed to the TV screens lining the walls of the hotel restaurant where he was an employee and I was a guest.

His point was that people could be connected constantly to the world via many electronic gadgets, and he added that even the apartment building where he lived was similarly set up, with screens in the lobby to greet people the moment they walked into the building.

While the restaurant employee felt right at home at work (which I now know was the intention), I had felt thankful that the TVs were silent, their information being disseminated by closed captioning instead of blaring very much unwanted sounds. For me, the TVs represented a terrible waste of energy as they consumed it most hours of the day, even though few people were paying any attention to them.

Additionally, the screens were so large that just the one on the front wall of the restaurant could have served the purpose instead of covering the length of

an additional wall with them.

Yes, electronic screens may be far more energy-efficient than the old-style TVs, but when you multiply them by the uncountable screens running most of each day in other hotels, doctors’ offices, car repair shops, and homes, whether anyone is watching them or not, you can begin to understand how much we squander our energy resources.

The coal, natural gas, and oil that run our modern-day world consist of nothing more than the remains of prehistoric organisms that were chemically altered via great pressure and temperature. It required millions of years of processing to become the fuel we are burning through at such a rapid pace that the depletion of it is in sight after just more than 150 years!

The proof that these fossil fuels are truly a limited resource is made clear by the desperate attempts to obtain oil and gas by hydraulic fracturing of shale deposits. Why else would anyone bother to go after oil and gas deep within the ground?

What about leaving fuel for future generations? The fact that we are going after every last hydrocarbon molecule we can possibly get does not show much concern for people’s descendants.

Obviously, we should not view this precious commodity with such a cavalier attitude, but many folks do. Indeed, on the very day I started writing this column, I heard a person on a conservative radio talk show saying he should have a right to build his home without insulation, if he so desired (and I believe he could, as I could find no reference to government regulations requiring homes to have insulation).

To him, the increased

Roughly 50 percent of refrigerated display cases in grocery stores are open, wasting an enormous amount of energy that shoppers foot the bill for by paying higher food prices. (Photo credit: Marlene A. Condon)

amount of energy he would end up using to warm his home was nobody’s business but his. If he wanted to waste energy, that should be his prerogative as a freedom-loving American.

But declaring a right to waste resources affects all of us: Following through on your right causes the resource to run out all the sooner for everyone.

It’s remarkable that the caller— and his host who thoroughly agreed with him—were oblivious to the irony of calling themselves “conservatives” when they didn’t care about conserving a limited resource.

However, when you look around, it’s easy to see how society as a whole gives short shrift to energy usage: Grocery stores use upright, open, refrigerated display cases that make those aisles, and sometimes the entire store, uncomfortably and unnecessarily chilly.

The automatic doors at the entranceways to many businesses and apartment complexes are constantly opening and closing, even if no one is entering or leaving.

The large houses that have become the norm over the past couple of decades or so require a great deal of energy to cool and heat, whether every room is actually used or not.

And perhaps the most obvious example of our wasteful ways is the running of such things as lights, computers, and TVs at home and at work even though no one is making use of them. It should be noted that we wouldn’t have been forced

into buying more-expensive CFL light bulbs that contain mercury if people would have just switched off the lights when exiting the room.

In Virginia, people are fighting three pipelines¹ proposed to go through the state to carry natural gas obtained by hydrofracking. Many folks don’t want these huge conduits going through their “back yards” and you can’t blame them.

Personally, I’ve never understood why some people should be forced to give up their properties for the sake of everyone else, especially in this case when so much energy is, and has been, expended so carelessly and needlessly.

Additionally, we should not overlook how our appetite for energy horrendously affects wildlife.

Even supposedly “green” power sources (i.e., they emit fewer or no carbon emissions), when employed on a large scale, result in a variety of wildlife losses too numerous to completely list. The following are but a few examples: Huge solar panel arrays destroy habitat for desert tortoises and are killing birds by incineration.

Wind turbines on mountain tops impact eagle nesting sites while killing migratory birds and bats that hit the turbine blades.

Wind turbine construction and operation in the ocean create noise, which can impact sea life, especially cetaceans (whales and dolphins) that need to communicate with one another.

continued on page 39

CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

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Crozet

Weather Almanac

DECEMBER 2014

By Heidi Sonen & Roscoe Shaw | weather@crozetgazette.com

Warm Finish to a Very Cold Year The Year 2014 was cold.

Very cold. In fact, scanning back to 1903, it was the third coldest ever behind only 1917 and 2003. The year started off with a cold, snowy winter followed by a cool wet spring and a very cool and dry summer.

Fall, of course, was cool again, except for December when we

finally broke above normal.

We don’t want to read much into it, though. First of all, our data record is a bit inconsistent with changes in location and measuring techniques and time of measurement over the course of 100 years. Each of these can bias the record and requires careful adjustments which we

haven’t done. But no matter how you slice it, this was a cold year.

Central Virginia clearly went through a warm series of decades from the 1930s to the 1950s. The 1960s and 1970s were distinctly cold and snowy.

Since then, the trend has been warmer but very choppy with some very warm years like 1998 and 2012 and some very cold years like 2003 and 2014.

The overall pattern for the last century largely mirrors global temperatures. But not this year. 2014 was a warm year globally even though most of the United States was cold. This year was likely the third warmest on record, globally behind only 2010 and 1998. The global temperature trend since 2000 is warming at a rate of 0.6 degrees centigrade per century.

December Recap December opened with a high of 73 on the 1st and never looked back, finishing a full three degrees above normal.

The coldest was just 23 on the last day of the year. Rainfall was just a touch below normal. For the year, we had 42 inches of rain versus an average of 47 inches. We need less, though, when it is cool, so the water tables are in good shape.

Rainfall Totals:

Mint Springs Farm ...........

Univ. of Virginia ..............

CHO Airport.....................

Nellysford .......................

Waynesboro ....................

2.60” 4.50” 2.79” 2.97” 2.57”

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CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

BEREAVEMENTS Marie Jeanne Groh, 94

November 23, 2014

Tadeusz Joseph Rys, 95

November 23, 2014

Robert W. Dickerson Jr., 78

November 25, 2014

Oscar Watts Smith, Jr., 84

November 30, 2014

Lewis McKinley White, 65

November 30, 2014

Bobby Lee Hartsook, 61

December 1, 2014

Maxene Lawson Patterson, 90

December 1, 2014

Mary Jean Printz, 96

December 1, 2014

Clarence Wood Jr., 73

December 2, 2014

Lillie A. Shifflett, 81

December 4, 2014

Mani Viktoria Aldridge, 17

December 5, 2014

Robin Christine Aldridge, 58

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Charles Blain Harper, Sr., 90

December 6, 2014

Nettie Frances Shifflett, 96

December 7, 2014

Brenda Mae Harvey, 64

December 8, 2014

Betty R. Blackwell, 88

December 9, 2014

Dorothy Walker Brown, 79

December 9, 2014

Dorothy Odell Calloway Rush, 89

December 13, 2014

Hugh Palmer McCauley, 95

December 15, 2014

James Spencer Mann, 64

December 16, 2014

James Willard Sullivan, 89

December 16, 2014

Clara Kidd Fitzgerald, 95

December 17, 2014

Constance J. Henley, 68

December 18, 2014

Naomi Snow Powell, 95

December 18, 2014

Thomas F. Bergin, 90

December 19, 2014

John William Crawford Jr., 75

December 19, 2014

Terri Palumbo Regan, 79

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Daniel Elmer Scott Sr., 91

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Christine L. Willard, 93

December 20, 2014

William Blackwell, 63

December 22, 2014

Margaret Elizabeth James Morris,— December 22, 2014 Archie Ellis Roach, 95

December 22, 2014

Clarice S. Brown, 77

December 23, 2014

Justin Michael Frazier, 1990-2015 Justin Michael Frazier, 24, of Crozet, passed away on Thursday, January 1. He was born in Charlottesville on April 24, 1990 to Rebecca “Becky” Snow of Crozet and Mark Frazier of Crozet. He was preceded in death by his paw-paw, Harold T. Snow; his nanny, Jeanne A. Snow-Burnett; his uncle, Donald W. Hoy; and his grandfather, Paul Frazier.

Justin was a 2008 graduate of Western Albemarle High School. He enjoyed sports and was an avid football and baseball player. He valued time with his friends. He is survived by his mother Rebecca “Becky” Snow and father, Mark Frazier; three brothers, Chris Snow, Daniel Frazier, and Eric Frazier; two very special nephews, Nicholas and Gabriel Snow; and a host of other relatives and close friends.

Anyone who knew this young man was inspired by his sense of humor and loving compassion for others. He had a contagious smile that we will always remember him for. Justin will be greatly missed by anyone who crossed his path. He was a beloved son, brother, uncle,

nephew, cousin and grandson.

He will be missed by many and very well loved by all.

A memorial service will be conducted at 11 a.m. on Wednesday, January 7, in the Teague Chapel, 2260 Ivy Road, Charlottesville, Virginia.The family will receive friends on Tuesday, January 6, from 5 until 7 p.m. at the funeral home. In lieu of flowers, donations can be made at gofundme.com/jl7hb8.

Friends may sign the guest register at teaguefuneralhome.com

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CROZETgazette

JANUARY 2015

Neighbor Law © Alice Neff Lucan

The Lines According to Trespass Law A foot across the fence line?

No. Knocking at a stranger’s front door? No, probably not.

Your hounds on another’s land? Maybe.

Your horses or cattle on another’s land? Yup. We’re talking here about trespass, not hunting season dates or game limits. Most of trespass law is about common sense and common courtesy. The owner or lawful tenant of any property is protected against someone else using, crossing, or changing the land. A minimal, temporary crossing of the property line is not as likely to get a court’s attention, either as a civil or criminal matter (unless you run 20 horses across a corn field, but that’s not minimal and the damages are obvious—one hopes.)

If an owner (or tenant) sets up a sign says, “Posted: No Trespassing” or prohibits hunting and fishing, and if the sign is posted in a place or places where it may be reasonably seen, then the land is posted.

(The owner can add aluminum colored stripes on fences.) So, trespass can become a criminal matter with the mere pounding of a nail through the sign at the front gate. Penalties are worse if you ask for permission and are refused but proceed anyway.

Class 1 and 2 misdemeanors can result in fines or jail time.

Class 3 and 4 misdemeanors can result in fines.

What about the UPS guy and trick-or-treaters? Generally, the law presumes that your first call at the front door is excused, that you have implied permission to knock and ask for candy, help, or a question. UPS or any other deliverer of goods you’ve ordered probably has explicit permission to bring the package to you. But once that permission is withdrawn—“leave and don’t come back,”—then the person who knocks at the door again risks criminal trespass. Be careful with this. There are some nitty-gritty rules that must be followed.

Soliciting is governed by county ordinance. Children (under 18), charities and civic organizations can solicit doorto-door; more precisely, they are not included in the definition of solicitor. Some businesses are excused, like dry cleaners and diaper services. Others whose business is to call door-to-door to take orders for goods or services are solicitors and must register with Albemarle County police.

Peddlers who are carrying goods like eggs or firewood to sell are not solicitors and they are not required to register with the chief of police.

And hunters? If the land is posted, hunters must have the property owners’ written permission to hunt. If land is not posted, oral permission will do.

If tracking wounded game, the hunter still has to have permission to enter the land and may not carry weapons without permission. So, even if you’ve wounded the poor bear and she runs into adjacent property, permission to track her is required and your tracking hounds have to be leashed. If the landowner chooses to protect the animal, the hunters may not follow, something that can have cruel results or may allow the animal to live.

Fox and coon hunters who’ve started a chase with permission may go on to someone else’s land without permission to retrieve their hunting dogs, falcons, hawks or owls, but they may not carry their weapons with them. And if you want to pick up your hounds, ask the landowner first.

The ultimate authority on these hunting and fishing questions is Virginia Game and Inland Fisheries at www.dgif. virginia.gov/hunting/. The closest district office is in Verona at (540) 248-9360.

Disclaimer: Don’t use this information as legal advice. Ask a lawyer who takes you as a client and can get your specific facts first hand. The tiniest circumstance can change an outcome.

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Marchman —continued from page 9

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“I had one dog in my life,” said Marchman. “That dog is in there briefly.

What happens in the story really happened with that dog. She got along well with cats.”

She said she is working on a second novel now, probably a prequel to the current book. “It has more human characters. I find those are hard for me.”

“I don’t care if people call me a crazy cat lady,” she said. She was wearing a jacket with a cat’s face embroidered on it. Her license plate reads KITTYCT. Turning to her other favorite creature,

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Science

—continued from page 29

four decades from now, so significant increases in some agricultural and horticultural yields may be in store as the 21st century unfolds.

There is so much more of this multi-

39

Marchman said that she alone cannot raise enough butterflies to meet demand.

“The main requirement of it is raising the pesticide-free plants that the caterpillers eat. Timing is everything. I have to have butterflies ready to release.”

She raises seven different types of Virginia-native butterflies. It takes a month to raise a butterfly. Monarchs are sold at $96 per dozen. Released butterflies are usually soon eaten by birds, she said.

“It’s very labor intensive to keep them fed and clean,” said Marchman, who is member of countless butterfly associations and lectures on them and makes school presentations. For more information on her butterflies, visit www.socialbtrflies.com.

part, multifaceted story to tell. My purpose in writing is to broaden our understanding of the impact that rising levels of CO2 is having directly on plants. This information can help us better comprehend the ramifications our greenhouse gas emissions are having on the planet we share.

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stay of an ED physician’s well-being. You are just not going to get a lot of thankyous.

Many people that seek help in the ED are not sympathetic characters. You are often seeing humanity at its worst. Some people behave well in a crisis and others behave badly; you still have to take care of them all. It only makes your job more difficult to start thinking that only some of the people that come to us are truly deserving of our care.

Another common theme in today’s media portrayals of the ED is that emergency departments are modern-day cathedrals, places where people seek refuge. This is not in any way a new idea,

Naturalist —continued from page 34

River dams to create hydropower stop migratory fish from being able to reproduce adequately.

Please understand that I’m not saying we shouldn’t use energy. I, for one, am certainly grateful that I don’t have to fully suffer the freezing temperatures of winter the way my ancestors did.

My point is that we should use energy as wisely as possible to minimize its seri-

since the original hospitals were religiously based, attached to monasteries or churches, and fueled by a charitable imperative to help the sick. Caring for the sick was a vocation and not a profession. And sickness was a lot gorier back in those days. When you think of it that way, judging your patient for their electronic toys seems even pettier. If the doctors of yore could commit themselves to their patients despite their maggots and leprosy-mangled digits, we can commit ourselves to ours despite their perceived wasting of money on things we don’t think they should have.

If EDs are cathedrals, then perhaps emergency physicians should be more like priests; support our patients through difficult times, and leave the judging to someone else.

ously deleterious impacts upon the Earth as well as to prolong the availability of the resource.

It’s January, a time of New Year’s resolutions. It would be wonderful if everyone resolved to make “waste not, want not” their motto when consuming energy. ¹[Dominion’s Atlantic Coast Pipeline; the EQT Corp and NextEra Energy companies’ Mountain Valley Pipeline; and the Oklahoma-based Williams company’s Western Marcellus Pipeline]

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