JIAYING SARAH CHEN Architecture Portfolio 2022 Bachelor of Architecture Virginia Tech, VA Master of Science in Advanced Architecture Design University of Pennsylvania, PA [THIS IS NOT A BLUE PORTFOLIO.]
“瀬名
[PREFACE]
い、自然に身を委(ゆだ)ね焦(あせ)らない、頑張らなってさ。無理に走らない、がくれた「お休み」だと思な、言い方変だけど、神様いう時は、なんというのか何やってもダメな時。そうってもうまくいかない時。だよね。あるじゃん、何やつも走る必要ないと思うん秀俊(24)：俺さ、いる。”---[ロングバケーション],1996
During this decisive time in human’s history, we are suffering from the Covid-19 pandemic, the political issues and other natural crises. The situation made me reconsider my relationship to the world over times. I was questioning the meaning of architecture. I was pessimistic about the limited thing that architects can do for our society. However, the attitude of acceptance of this quote helped me to soothe the inner conflict between my internal world and the exterior world. The acceptance makes me treasure my works and want to reflect them in this portfolio.
To myself and the viewers of this portfolio, please enjoy the process of reading it and appreciating the hidden philos ophy, which I think it is always much bigger than the architecture portfolio itself.
In the New version of my architecture portfolio, I decided to use this quote in the [PREFACE], which is not related to architecture at all. However, not only because I loved the show very much, but also this quote has inspired me so many times during the post-covid years when I was working on this portfolio.
“Sena Hidetoshi (24): when you are having a tough time, please take this period as a long vacation which is for given by god. You don’t have to strain every nerve of you for being self-driving. It is usual for people to have hard times, or being exhausted. During this period, you don’t have to manage everything on the schedule. You don’t have to be anxious. You don’t have to push yourself so hard, just let it be. And then...then the right time will come probably.”
[Long Vacation],Japanese TV Show,1996 [What I learned by making a portfolio]
[CONTENTS] 2. [Cohabitate.] with the Coronavirus in Virginia Tech’s Architetcure studio. 6. [Other Works.] 2 Research projects at University of Pennsylvania (Bio-Composite & PLA material innovation) and My five year journey in architecture school of Virginia Tech. 4. [CoinNext.] The future of the New York Stock Exchange Building Extension. 5. [The Dragon Scale.] Innovative study of new building facade and technology. 1. [BrickFragments.] A 6-floor residential brick building in Argentina. 3. [WEAVE Children’s Center and Library] A parametric facade design project applied with innovative fabrication technologies.
Due to the uniformity and the rigidity of the nature of terracotta bricks, this proj ect intends to use “brick slabs” as the building envelope to form architectural spaces by folding, intersecting, or elevating the slab elements. Inspired by high contrast Mosaic tiles, the selected brick color palette transits from blue, green, white to fully transparent.
For the landscape design, the rooftop area is composed by half garden which locates on the seventh floor and half terrace space on the sixth floor. The ground sunken plaza’s outline follows the building’s geometric profile, and it is also a lively space which contains vegetations in a wide range diver sity and allows various public activities to happen.
This six-floor residential building is majorly composed by three types of rooms: the 1b1b loft apartments, the 1b1b family apartments and the 2b1b units. The use of the transparent bricks on the building profile is intended to bring more nature lights to the interior spaces; and the choice of different colored bricks could identify the interior/exterior spaces or the age of the rooms’ resident. The use of special hollowed bricks on the front facade is an active methodology to bring cross ventilation to the interior spaces of Argentina.
This project does not only provides innovative technique and methodologies for brick design, production, and construction, but also it is a signification of building the intimate relationship between interior inhabited spaces and the exterior envelope layer. The terracotta bricks have unlimited possibilities either in aesthetics or construction aspect to be explored in the future architecture.
In order to break the ordinariness of the building’s floor plan, an atrium space is introduced into the building which allows some units may have their own balconies to perform as a vertical garden spaces. The atrium is sheltered by the continuous brick roof panels which originated from the ground pavilion. The end of the atrium glasses could cut through the building’s floor and bring a slice of sunlight into the public reading room.
Steel Frame, major structure of the facade Metal Holders, connectors between the frames and bricks Plastic Wrapping, protective layer of the top Terracottabrick Bricks, 7 3/4” x 3 3/4” x 2” Transparent Bricks, 7 3/4” x 3 3/4” x 2” Metal Holders, connectors between the middle rod and bricks Tinted Glass, 10mm Metal L-shape Wrapping for the floor Metal Decking Steel I-Beams, W6 x W12 a. Connector a. Metal Rod b. Brick Stacking b. Brick Aligning c. Inner Structure a. Floor Connecting Detail
Step 4: In the end, we cast about 6,000 resin bricks by using customized silicone mode and approximately 1,000 bricks are made by 3D-printing. Floor slabs and stair panels are laser cut and sprayed in white, then they are supported by 3D printed white structures.
A. Front Elevation B. Side Elevation
Step 2: By analyzing the materiality of each elements of the model, we decided to use resin for casting all colorful bricks; the 3D-Printing technology would be used for customized bricks the main structures and structural details. Besides, partial of the model needs to be sprayed.
By midterm, we focus on solving the technical and construction al problems when we are fabricating the 2’x2’ physical chunk model.
Step 1: The digital model represents the basic design before midterm: the royal blue and lime green bricks interweaving with other colorful bricks on the facade, a two-floor residential space is designed with the major structures and circulation.
2’X 2’ Physical Model Making
C. Back Rendering D. Front Rendering
Two-floor
Residential Chunk Design
Step 3: To build up the model, we designed a specific 3D-print ed tool to help us aligning the sloped facade; besides, we confirmed that the facade panels are majorly self-supporting in forces.
1. Ground Floor Plan 2. Second-Floor Plan, 1b1b and 2b1b Apartments 4. Roof Floor Plan, Roof Garden 3. Sixth-Floor Plan, 2b2b Family Room
Building Section
From top to bottom, the building section has revealed different space typologies in details: the public spaces (including exterior roof garden, entrance garden on each floor, and the ground sunken plaza; also the interior public reading room). The private spaces consist by various type of rooms to satisfy different living requirements: the 2b2b apartments with kid’s room, 2b1b bedrooms and 1b1b apartments; some of them are double-heights loft spaces. Different spaces are decorated by distinctive color bricks to identify the use of the space: the facade and exterior spaces are decorated by classic blue, green and white terracotta bricks, however, the kid’s room are furnished with more playful colors. The book shelves on the reading room’s wall are also composed by terracotta bricks. Besides, the staircases and the sunken plaza’s geometry is designed by following the building’s profile,
A. Kid’s Room Interior Rendering B. Loft Apartment Interior Rendering C. Ground Floor Rendering
A. B. C. D. Building Facade
From diagram A to D, the detail drawings are the callouts for the facade composition. From roof to the ground, the terracotta bricks’ sizes vary from small to large; and the transparent brick facade act as window glasses which does not only bring more sunlights to the room but also frame the outside view to the interior residents. The way of stacking different bricks intent to create the weaving pattern on the building facade, meanwhile to avoid the regularity and uniformity of the arrangement of the solid brick pattern.
The architecture studio, or our architectures in the future, are required to have this ‘cohabitating’ property with the virus in the next couple of years. Based on Virginia Tech’s August studio action plan in Fall semester of 2020, I prefigured Virginia Tech’s future architecture studio under the Covid-19 crisis in this project.
2. [Cohabitate.] with the Coronavirus in Virginia Tech’s Architetcure studio.
Personal Work, 2020 Summer
The term [Cohabitation] normally referred to as an arrangement where two people are involved in a romantic intimate relationship on a long term or permanent basis, or a state of two objects co-existing at the same time or in the same place.
The first time that I heard of [cohabitation] in 2020 was from my friend Mon ica, when we both tried to soothe the anxiety mood after experiencing the 5-months-long lockdown life in the United State. She said, “Remember the small pox break-out back to the fifteenth to the eighteenth century? humans might need to [cohabitate] with the coronavirus for a long period of time, just like how they were [cohabitating] with the smallpox. And this is also how Darwin’s evolution theory works.”
The Future Architecture Under the Effect of Covid-19 workshop Instructer: Kaining Peng
Character Profile A. Easily Spread B. High Mortality Rate C. No Cure D. Anti-epidemic measures Virus Structure
“I am Jiaying Chen, a student representative of the school of architecture in Virginia Tech. My daily life has affected by the spreading of coronavirus severely. Ten years later, a small group of students, called “rebels”, are ready to against the professors’ governance in their own way.”
The Covid-19 shows more prominent and tricky clinical characteristics other than the common flu: A. The coronavirus can be easily spread between human communications. People can be infected by talking with the virus carrier within a six-feet-long distance.
B. The mortality rate associated with COVID-19 is very high. According to records, more than 50% of Covid patients with critical symptoms will lose his or her life in a relative short period.
C. There are no effective medicines or treatments to cure the Covid pres ently. D. A series of daily anti-epidemic measures are required: Wash hands. Wear a mask. Wear goggles and disposable gloves if necessary. If the coronavirus keeps mutating itself constantly, all of these measures will be futile attempts for the supervirus in the end.
Surface Protein Protein OuterGeneticCapsomerShellMaterialEnvelope
“ I am Professor Dr. Snape. Me and my col leagues administrate the architecture school’s action plan during the pandemic. Since the coronavirus will evolve to a supervirus in ten years, the professors will become to the privi leged class of the school and we will govern the students.”
COVID-19 Mutation https://www.sciencenews.org/article/coronavirus-covid19-mutations-strains-variants.Diagram
0 Positive Test 314 Studio Desks 350+ People in the building 0 Positive Test 0 Studio Desks 0 People in the building 8 Positive Test 237 Studio Desks 25 People in building 2020 March, 2020 May, 2020 August,
rows Students
Professors make the school after StudentsCovid-19 voluteers to get ready for The Burchard Hall is a two-level architecture studio which locates under the Cowgill Square of Virginia Tech campus. In this scenario, the architecture students were enjoying their studio lives freely: they could work in the studio place with their colleagues, talk with professors without face cover ings, or gather in the Cowgill Plaza. Virginia Tech announced the lockdown of the entire university on March, 2020. The School of Ar chitecture banned the accessibility to the building and utilities immediately. Students and professors were required to move out from their work spaces and to get ready for the online classes. The lively architecture studio became to a ghost town. After the lockdown for two months, Architecture released its final ing summer and fall semester. rearranged in by following the ing rule, and face masks are the building. Professors and together to overcome the challenge.
Professors and students talk without social distancing Studio desks align in work from home Professors teach remotely
Covid-19 Timeline, Virginia Tech Human Activity Diagrams
From 2021 to 2030
20302028202620242022completed. Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Future Extension
The ancient never-before-seen virus hidden in the Tibetan glaciers has been awakend along with the process of global warming. Since this virus has never been found in the contemporary history, they will be more fatal and cunning other than the coronavirus. The “supervirus” will accompany with human in the next ten years or further. make action plans for after the breakout of voluteers help the school for Fall 2020
At this point, the outdoor world will not be safe for humans to live any more. In order to transfer more students and faculties from the outdoor spac es to the indoor spaces, the school decide to expand the capacity of the studio downwardly. The project will need four or more stages to be months, the School of final action for the incom semester. Studio tables are the safe social distanc are required for entering students
Testchallenge.collaboratedDesksthe2020 In 2021
Rearrange studio desks in grids Place plexi-glass boards between the Studentstablesand professors start to construct the personal qurantine studios
As of 2021, the school of architecture has to make more farsighted plans because of the increasing number of the infected cases in the United States. Inspired by the August action plan 2020, faculties and students construct many modular studio units underground and dome-shaped testing centers on the ground level.
(1)Personal Quarantine Studios
In the transportation system, the horizontal transporting elevators can deliver packages or drive people to one of the four eleva tor stations in the plan view. The vertical transportation elevators only exist between different sections in the “Crystal” structure.
Single Qurantine Studio Unit 2. Stair Room 3. Elevator Room 4. Stasis chambers, Twin Size 5. Stasis chambers, Full Size 6. Meeting Room 7. Study Room
The new architectural system is composed by four sections: (1) sets of personal quarantine stu dios, (2) the odd rooms, (3) an indoor transportation system, (4) a few new complexes named as “The crystals”. The most basic concept of this project is to build more individual studio rooms and other functional spaces by utilizing the amount of unoccupied spaces in the air.
(2) The Odd Spaces
The spatial configuration of the personal quarantine studios is generated from the architecture school’s action plan made in August, 2020. By linking the plan grids and the walking paths with the building’s ceiling, the Burchard hall has enough spaces in the air to accommodate another two layers of individual studios. Each of the studio cells is designed in a 8-feet-round, 8.5-feet-tall dimension; and majorly constructed by steel frames and glass walls. More than 70 studio desks which had been removed in the August plan can be reintroduced into the building, and this strategy cannot only satisfy the goal of social distancing and offering extra occupiable spaces for students, but also provide a faster, reliable way to monitor the infected cases.
(3) The Transportation System
1.
1”=60’ Level -1 Floor Plan Exsited Burchard Side Rooms
The odd spaces which are scattered in different places in the building. Each inhabitable rooms, including elevator rooms, stair wells, stasis chambers, and small meeting rooms can hold different activities.
1”=60’ Level -2 Floor Plan Exsited Burchard Side Rooms
Stage 1: -30ft, Transportation System Control Center and Healthcare Center Stage 2: -80ft, Vertical Classroom/Lecture Hall/Test Center
4. “The Crystals”
The 4 crystals are hidden underneath the existing pyramids of the Cowgill Plaza. The concept of this structure is originally inspired by the science fiction movies: normally, when a society is challenged by some extreme situations, the social contradic tion between the general public and the ruling classes will be intensified. The people will live in the inexpensive, conventional housing units which are centrally managed by the administra tors, on the contrary, the privileged class will have the owner ship and usufruct of the pricey, bizarre-looking architecture. In this case, even though the governed student group has the accessibility to the crystal complexes, the school administrative faculties will have the power to manipulate the whole system. As the pandemic rages on, the functionality of the crystal is gradually improved during different periods. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the most basic demands of humans are the physiological and safety needs, which are followed by the psychological needs as a secondary priority. Thus, the school should prioritize the transporting and medical infrastructures and involve more educational spaces in the crystal structure design. The spiral rails will connect different sections of the crystal vertically.
D. Artistic
Stage 3: -130ft, Architecture Supplies Store and Art Gallery Stage 4: - 160ft, Holographic Projector
The Chaotic Boxes Some small cabinets start to appear on the glass surface of the studio tubes in this phase. These add-on boxes give enough free spaces to the inhabitants to remold or personalize the cabinets based on their own habits and demands. A. Observatory Station B. Storage C. Cat Condos Windows Windows Windows Bookshelf H.
1 E. Artistic
3 G.
Table
2 F. Artistic
Fish Tank I. MicrowaveJ.Coffee
I believe in the notion that the Covid-19 I believe in the sense of incapability that many architects BUT SO I also believe that the Covid-19 front-line heroes I also believe that architects can still use our professionalscarred I also believe in Victor “Even the darkest night will
4. “The Crystals”
The following step is to satisfy people’s self-fulfillment needs in the hierarchy. In the third phase of the extension, an architec tural supply store and a vertical gallery compose a four-level, LED-screen covered, barrel-shaped building. Because the accessibility to the external world has been limited, an internal self-fulfilling community is formed spontaneously by combining the consumptive and aesthetic spaces together in this stage. A holographic projector is placed at the bottom of the crystal. In the future, the crystal will keep its progress to extend. The existing architectural elements may be repeated in the new construction, but maybe more architectural forms and func tions will be discovered due to the change of situations.
5. Art Supply Store & Gallery
5[A].
5[B]. Art Supply Store View
Each mechanical arm in the art supply store section holds one piece of LEDscreen which displays students’ digital works on it. In another half of the building, people can view students’ printed architectural works while they walk passing through the art gallery.
Covid-19 situation is getting worse. architects have when facing such emergencies.
WHAT will fight for saving lives till the end of the world. professional skills to make a little contribution in repairing our Victorsociety.Hugo. He said, will end and the sun will rise.”
6. Holographic Projector Inspired by the movie Blade Runner 2049, the dazzling three-dimensional holographic effect will be widely applied in humans’ daily lives in the future world. This visually impressive volume symbolizes as the light of the hope, which can encourage people to make through the darkest time in our history. Art Gallery View
3. [WEAVE Children’s Center and Library.]
In addition, the fabrication process utilizes 3D-Printing PLA technology, as well as 3D-Printing clay by robotic arms at University of Pennsylvania’s laboratory. All clay pieces pass through all ceramic procedures: build, air-drying, bisque firing, glazing and glaze firing. Each step has a fairly high possibility to fail the print and all steps are time consuming. Thus, good process planning and time management is required for making the final 1:2 model.
Collaborative Work with Yifan Zhao&Lindsey Dierig, 2022 Summer MSAAD Studio Project, University of Pennsylvania Instructer: Matias Del Campo
A Parametric Facade Design Project Applied with Innovative Fabrication Technologies.
Regardless of the building’s program, the concern of this project is to develop innovative methodologies in both architectural facade design and fabrication aspects. The facade design is benefited by image artificial intelligence technol ogy, thus the bio-mimicry individual form is generated and modeled as archi tectural elements. The “N”-shaped diamond shape is selected as our the basic unit for our facade system, which also decides the structural components’ form and assembly. Assisted with grasshopper codes, the overall facade pattern is composed by numerous “N” elements which varies in orientation, twisted angles or sizes. The bridging edges or corners in the building are resolved automatically by grasshopper tools.
Locates at the intersection at Market street, 22nd street and Ludlow street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the Weave Children’s Center and Library reflects its foresight about Philadelphia’s census situation: the young adults at marriage able age in Philadelphia occupies the largest proportion of the entire popu lation. Besides, the post-effect of the covid-19 has emptied many surrounding offices and residential buildings. Furthermore, many married young-adults need society’s help for taking care their kids while they are working. Thus, not only the investigation of the Philadelphia’s population, but also the ratio of land use and the young adults’ situation in the city have became to authentic evidences to convince the city’s conference to build a new children’s center and library.
However, our group has innovatively created a workflow to print colored clays which reverses the classic method of glazing dried clay pieces with colorful glazing liquids. This establishment make the transitioning between different col ors more natural and artistic. The connection between the clay pieces are customized and the 3D-printed joint is welded with nails to the main stainless facade structure. This novel methodology also inspires the future research for the machine’s movement paths for better controlling the fineness or colored areas of the 3D-printed clay pieces.
The form design of the building is created in ZBrush software. By adjusting, slicing and painting on a cube in Zbrush, we generated multiple interesting boulder geometries as the building’s form options. The chunky, cubic shape is selected as the final form due to its massiveness and vulumn for holding the children’s center and library, and public activities aWt the ground level.
Step 3: In drawing 3, multiple facade elements are arrayed or aligned in different orientations by testing different arrangements of pieces. All of these patterns either creates interesting facade open ings or resolved the turning conditions at the building’s corner point.
Step 2: After selecting some ideal patterns listed on drawing 2, the fundamental element options are modeled in Maya and converted to meshes which can be edited by Rhino Sub-D.
The detailed facade 3D modeling generates from developed 2D images: Step 1: Collecting the original patterns based on online research, then a categorized databases(bio-mimicry patterns in drawing 1) should be built. By running image artificial intelligence tool (Disco Diffusion), some hybridized images are generated for modeling foundation.
Step 5: In the end, the “N” shape pattern is decided for the final fa cade pattern. The “N” shape element (with it bridgings) is clay-print able by robotic arms. The surface of the pattern is adjusted with smooth variations in curvatures in both elevation and section view later in grasshopper. The final piece is divided into 3 portions: an up per “chicken finger” chunk, a middle curved column, and another reversed, longer “chicken finger” at bottom. The wall is constructed by stacking these pieces. The element decides the main structure of the building and apertures will be a rhombus, diamond shape.
Step 4: By playing with the iterations in step 3, some patterns are determined for reasonable wall assemblies due to their 3D-Printable (clay)characteristic. Besides, these volumes shows a clear geometry logic which helped the structure design and window design.
[A] 1. Original Patterns 2. AI Hybridized Patterns [B]. Boulder Geometry 3. Facade Element Iterations 4. IterationsElementWall5.“N”Shapefacade
Site Plan 1:100 and Call-out [A]: Site Ground Plan
[C]. Facade System Construction [D]. Facade Colorization Pattern [E]. Robotic Arm Printing Clay
From photos [H] to [M], the con struction process went through the following steps: Step 1: 3D-printed colored clay pieces sent to kiln for the bisque fire, then painted with translu cent glazing and fired again. There are 34 clay pieces in total with bridging design for better supporting forces.
Step 2: Laster cut 1/4” plywood panels to separate diamond frame pieces and glued them together. Step 3: Nailed the full frame to the L-shape footing and the base wood panels as shown in [M].
[H]. 3D-Printed PiecesModel Set-up
[F]. Facade Structure Details, Elevation and Section [G]. 3D-Printed Facade Model, 1:70 [I]. Color Transition [J]. Joint Connection [K]. Joint Connection (Side) [L]. Curve Surface
[M]. Foot Joint
Step 4: Set up the clay surface from bottom to top. The clay pieces are glued and the long medal rod is connected with the 3D-Printed connector and the front facade in [J] and [K].
[N]. Final Model, 1:2
[O]. Night building Axon-metric Rendering [P]. Daylight Interior Rendering
The WEAVE Children Center and Library is also designed as an “illuminating” box at night. The artificial lights cross through the patterned facade and cre ating interesting shadows and light effects to the ground. The site is also redesigned as a children’s playground with landscapes in drawing [O]. The daylight interior effect shown in drawing [P]: the reading room of the center lightened by natural lights through the facade apertures, where is an ideal place to hold public activities and gatherings. The building structure is also explained--- the lower floor slabs are lifted by metal columns, and the top trusses system and the cores distributed all the forces. The floating facade is elevated by the metal “finger” joints and the upper part will be nailed with the trusses’ capital. The visitors would be able to see the exterior views and the colorful patterns on the facade.
Building Sections [R]. Wall Section Brick Constriction in Details 3D Printed Clay Pieces Suspended Facade Holders Screws Facade3/4”Bone Structure and “X”-shape Covers Trusses Trusses Edge Wrapping Suspended Structural Rods Floor Finishings, 1/4” Floor Insulation, 1/4” Double-Layered GlassesClay-Structure Connecting Joint Concrete Slab, 1/2” I-Beams, 2’6” x 3’1/8” Ceiling Panels, 1/4” Wood Planks, 1/2” Floor Edge Caps, 1/2” in Thickness Floor Joints 9-16 Floor Structures:
The building section drawings shows the structural details and assemblies. Instead of using column-supporting system, the building utilizes trusses and core systems as the main structure: the two cores tolerate most of the forces and they also contains staircases and elevators inside. The trusses share the rest of the distributed loads of the building and elevated all floor slabs by using hanging rods system.
As shown in the wall section drawing [R], the facade pieces are hanged and connected to the “finger” shaped medal connectors, which also di rectly nailed with the floor slabs. All floor slabs are wrapped with medal edge wrappings and the inner floor structures are all tied with each other. The main circular staircases are inspired by the facade element’s geometry, and the volume is projected to the inner space and the staircases’ geo metric outline follows the profile of the element. The geometry is divided into 8 pieces on each floor, then the stair spaces are modeled specifically for readdressing the quality of a public space. The chunk drawing in [Q] partially shows the staircases, the roof and facade structure system, and human activities within the space.
[Q]. Chunk Drawing
4. [CoinNext.] the Future of the New York Stock Exchange Building Extension.
In times of immense decrease in capital due to the economics, political and technological power decentralization of the New York City, a new network, including new trading barriers and methodologies are required to sustain the New York City’s financial global leadership in the world. By noticing the new global situation after the breakout of Covid-19 and the ongoing tendency of using crypto currencies, the futuristic crypto exchange market with a public museum locates on the top of the New York Stock Exchange building is designated as a constructive tool to depict the future of the New York’s capital Theism.
Collaborative Work with Bohao Xiong, 2021 Fall MSAAD Studio Project, University of Pennsylvania Instructer: Hyojin Kwon
human-occupiable and the mechanical spaces in the project has triggered us to form two major spaces in the architecture --- the fully-opened, exposed spaces, as known as human spaces, can hold the public activities which behind the curvy, iridescent transparent facade; and the thick spaces are bounded by the layered curve walls, which will be filled with all types of mining machines for crypto currency mining. The building’s floor plan follows the consistency of using the combination of curvature and straight lines, to identify the use of different areas as well. Besides, the building’s interior and its facade strategy is intended to envision the futuristic crypto-architecture of the capital world.
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA WEITZMAN SCHOOL OF DESIGN MSD-ADVANCED ARCHITECTUREFALLDESIGN2021 HYOJIN BOHAOJIAYINGANGELAKWONHUANGCHENXIONGTEACHINGINSTRUCTOR:ASSISTANT:STUDENTTEAM: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA WEITZMAN SCHOOL OF DESIGN MSD-ADVANCED ARCHITECTUREFALLDESIGN2021 HYOJIN KWON BOHAO XIONG TEACHINGINSTRUCTOR:ASSISTANT:STUDENTTEAM: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA WEITZMAN SCHOOL OF DESIGN MSD-ADVANCED ARCHITECTUREFALLDESIGN2021 HYOJIN BOHAOJIAYINGANGELAKWONHUANGCHENXIONGTEACHINGINSTRUCTOR:ASSISTANT:STUDENTTEAM: Precedent Study 1. African American Museum, David Adjaye Axonmetric Drawing 2. Yale Museum for British Art, Louis Kahn Axonmetric Drawing Key Elements in Form A. Connected Ramp Circulation B. Gridded Framing Apertures C. Big Void Spaces I. Space Analysis Plan II. Space Analysis Section Midterm: Gallery Space Design
HYOJIN KWON ANGELA HUANG JIAYING CHEN BOHAO XIONG
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA WEITZMAN SCHOOL OF DESIGN MSD-ADVANCED ARCHITECTUREFALLDESIGN2021
The Gallery Space According to the precedent case studies of David Adjaye’s African American Museum and Louis Kahn’s Yale Museum for British Art, the essential architectural elements are extracted: the gallery is formed by either straight or curved walls, however, with giant void spaces for in troducing daylights as well as for public activities and ventilation; the apertures are lay-outed on the building floor grids; and different spaces are connected by diagonal ramps or stairs between floors.
Drawing
Gallery
III. One-Point
The gallery space is intended to reveal the effect of multiple-layered spaces and logistic wall placement, which could give different expe riences to the gallery visitors. The openings on the wall introduce nature light bouncing within the space for highlighting the display objects instead of using artificial lights; and the transparency and the thinnesses of the space quality also reflects the transparency of public spaces and supervising human and machine’s activities. Last but not least, the renderings indicate the complexity of the space quality but the sim plicity of the using of architectural elements. Axonmetric Rendering of the Circulation Ramps Axonmetric Rendering of the Windows and Voids Perspective of the Space
TEACHINGINSTRUCTOR:ASSISTANT:STUDENTTEAM:
IV.
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA WEITZMAN SCHOOL OF DESIGN MSD-ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDENT TEAM: WEITZMAN SCHOOL OF DESIGN MSD-ADVANCED ARCHITECTUREFALLDESIGN2021STUDENT TEAM:
V.
1 [A]. Section Drawing The Crypto Currency Exchange Market and Museum
I [B]. Roof Plan Drawing I [C]. Building Elevation Drawing
Defining by the language of curve, the gallery and crypto-currency market break the regularity of the rectilinear classic gallery spaces. By layering the curved walls in both building plan and sections, the machine mining spaces intend to build thicker and taller walls to cool down the heated machines. In contrast, the thinner spaces are bounded by thin walls with brighter and lighter space quality for gallery visiting spaces. Even the curve walls are manually designed, however, the form of the build ing facade is generated by the logic of using varies sequences in curves in grasshopper. The final production of this project is also benefited by the use of 3D-printing technology, which guarantees the accuracy of the degree of each curvatures, the smoothness of the printed surfaces, and the quality of the physical model by changing the 3D printers’ parameters. Besides, this experimental methodology offers a practical opportunity for us to manage the programs in fabrication as well as timing.
I [D]. Building Interior I [E]. 2”X2” Model, Space Perspective I [F]. 2”X2”DetailModel, I [G]. 2”X2” Final Chunk Model, Axonmetric View
This project is an innovative study of shingle facade system flowing along a curved surface, and the shingle pieces are supported by the column structures and the web-like grids. Vertically, the project can be divided into three layers: the outer layer of the facade system is made by the light-weighted, wire mesh shingle pieces which sizes variants on the curved structures; and the white clay shingles in the middle layer have emphasized the opaqueness of the material and the surface’s variation in depth. The bottom layer is composed by different grid systems which are welded to the project’s base.
Besides, the continuity of the surface is interrupted by the irregular shaped window frames---the shingles are cut and integrated with the bottom surface when they meet the window frame. Inside of the curved boundaries, the woven structures are exposed, and the feather-like expression of this project has been dramatically changed.
5. [The Dragon Scale.]
Benefited by the advanced 3D modeling and printing technology, the facade system is finally constructed by twelve precisely 3D printed pieces, which offers us some insights of the future usage of the 3D printing technology in architectural field.
Innovative Study of the New Building Facade and Technology.
Collaborative Work with Zijie Wei, 2021 Fall MSAAD Studio Project, University of Pennsylvania Instructer: Ali Rahim, Cindy Zheng
Step 1: Benefited by the use of the technology of the graphic AI, Ostagram, an advanced tool for hybridizing different images based on algorithm, gen erates the original context for this project.
Step 3: In order to gift the facade with a light quality and the depth of the behind supporting structures, we selected the wire mesh and metal structures are the most ideal material to use in Keyshot rendering.
Step 2: The modeling process starts with an individual shingle piece: a quadrilateral piece with one-lifted corner. The shingle varies in sizes and placements, and the each shingle piece lay overs on the top of the previous one. Most of the replicated shingle and web modeling are generated by grasshopper, however, some shingles still requires manual adjustments.
1. Facade Elevation 1 [A]. Facade Detail 1 1 [B]. Facade Detail 2 1 [C]. Facade Detail 3 1 [D]. Facade Detail 4
According to the completed facade system design, the final model is designated to use 3D Printing technology to secure the lightness, consistency and accuracy of the built model.
PLA, Details
2.
3D Printed
Rendering 3.
The final 18” x 24” model has divided into 12 printing pieces, and each piece covers 13 hours in average printing time. Besides, each pieces are man aged to be perfectly matching or aligning with continuous Thepatterns.lifted shingle corners and flying web system are supported by support columns which gen erated by the 3D-printing slicing softwares, which make a dan gling-object printing possible. However, the requirements of such a precised, dense printing may cause other problems: the supports are too many, too fragile to be removed by labor. Thus, the adjustment in the future fabrication will be printing and constructing the system piece by piece, however, it also faces new challenge: in terms of timing for the real construction. Facade Axonmetric 18”x 24” Model,
6. [Other Works.] 2 Research Projects at University of Pennsylvania; AND My five year journey of architecture-related practices at Virginia Tech Collaborative Work with Yifan Zhao, Yaxin Sun, Jinjie Wang, 2021 Summer Workshop MSAAD Studio Project, University of Pennsylvania Instructer: Caleb White, Brian Deluna Contact: calebw.white@gmail.com, briandeluna@gmail.com
aggregateEnsureMeasureDehydratebyroastingand+weightuniforminliquid.desireAirdrying I. [Composite Composites.] Mutating Fruit Waste into Structurally-Scalable Bio-composites. Collaborative Research of bio-material architecture with Urvi Pawar and Zijie Wei, 2021 Fall Elective Research Project, University of Pennsylvania Instructer: Laia Mogas Soldevila Raw Material : Water dyed with fruit Raw Material : Fruit seed aggregate Recipe Ratios : Composite surface Recipe Ratios : Composite solid +SolubleDecay(water)Compose-table (soil) + Comestible (Fauna) Composite Compositesurfacesolid Key Insights from Material Prototypes [Bio-plastic] The thanmoreslabneoushomogeribbedprovidedstiffnessanequiva lent flat slab providing op portunity to the material to load-bearing.be [Bio-composites] Seed ofDuringSubjectedbreaksaggregatelineofstressonthematerialairdryingbyevaporationwater-reducingwarpingofmaterial. Assembly : Configuration of Lazer cut flat slabs of material to ribbed structure Water 67% Chitin Avocado11%Pit 11% Vinegar 7% Glycerol 1% Water FabricationGlycerolGelatin75%17%AvocadoPitPowder11%4%MaterialRecipeProperties
Dehydrateroastingseeds Grind seed to fine aggregate and weight ingredientsdry Heat to homogeneous solution uniform distribution of liquid. Cast as per thickness Compatible with divergent molds drying for stiffness Suitable for laser cutting Bio-plastic surface Avocado Derivative Mold: Plastic, 1cm Depth Fragile, 40% Opacity Bio-composite surface Avocado Derivative Mold: Silicone, 0.5cm Depth Test: Fabrication : Lazer Tensile, 40% Opacity Bio-plastic surface: Mango Derivative Mold, Silicone, 5cm Depth, Ribbed slab. Fragile, Opacity20% surfaceBio-composite: Jack fruit Derivative Mold: Aluminum, 3cm Depth Test :Circular shape to warping ratio Solid, 85% Opacity surface:Bio-composite Mango Mold:DerivativePapayaSilicone,3 -5 cm Depth Test : Detail Trans fer from mold to Fragile,material5% Opacity Bio-plastic surface Mango Solid,ableTest0.2cmMold:DerivativePapayaAluminum,Depth:Minimumcast-thickness5%Opacity Bio-Composite Mangosolid / Papaya / Avocado Deriv Mold:atives Plastic, 3 -5 cm Depth Solid, Opacity100% Material Prototypes Pavillion - 7 years Building Facade -10 years Super Bench- 2.5 yearsArticle Of Furniture - 1 yearKiosk - 5 years Scalability of Material vs Research Timeline for scale prototypes
toLacticacidLactide
Fermentation
Design Projects
Painting: Paints protectionprovidefrom UV, to isolate the direct contact with sunshine. Chosing Certain PLA: PLA in its purest form is less resistant to impact stress. Ones contain carbonates pigment or additives will be stronger. Other types can have their advantage.Degradability UVResistance Property ResistanceChemical Annealing PLA: Annealing is the process of heating metal or plastic and cooling it down slowly to improve its structure. Annealing can likeresistanceincreaseconsiderablytheheatofplasticsPLA.
II.Polylactic Acid (PLA) Climate Change Reduction Mineral & Mentals Preservation Reduced Respiratory Effects Reduced Carcinogenic Reduced Acidification Reduced Water Use Reduced Land Use Reduced Fossil Fuel Use From Object to Building PLA 20 Days 40 Days60 Days 80 Days 100 DegradabilityDays
PLA is an environment-friendly material, which can be recycled and degraded naturally. It has certain strength and can be light and firm. Nowadays, it is widely used in the field of clothing and industrial design. The application in architectural practice is promising for its construction speed and controllable form, but its shortcomings of low thermal resistance and poor UV resistance can be a huge problem. Corn PLA won’t contaminate food and releases an insignificant amount of Prototyping in PLA is typically done with 3D printing, cause PLA is easy to print, inexpensive, and can be used with any Research Question: Can PLA material and technology be applied to big-scale productions?
Polylacticacid3D/4DPrint
The polylacticcommonly-usedacid(PLA) polymer has been recognized as a compelling material candidate for 4D printing as it is a biobased polymer with great shape memory behavior that can be em ployed in the design and manufacturing of a broad range of smart products. 40% 0 ABS
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Lactic acid can be processed into PLA material in two ways: 1. condensing the lactic acid into a lactide and then using a polymerization process 2. using a condensation process with the lactic acid directly (The former method is more common)
50% 80%95% 60%60%
Polylactic acid, commonly referred to as PLA, is a bioplastic and thermoplastic made from natural materials like corn starch. It’s most known for its use as filament in the 3D printing industry, but PLA plastic is also used in other manufacturing contexts due to its unique properties.
HeatResistance
Polylactic acid, commonly referred to as PLA, is a bioplastic and thermoplastic made from natural materials like corn starch. It’s most known for its use as filament in the 3D printing industry, but PLA plastic is also used in other manufacturing contexts due to its unique properties.
CONCLUSION Application Fashion Prototyping Medical
PET
30%
PLA99% 20% 20% 20%
Polylactic Acid (PLA) Climate Change Mineral & Mentals Reduced Respiratory Reduced Carcinogenic Reduced Acidification Reduced Water Use Reduced Land Use Reduced Fossil PLA ABSFromConiferaObject to Building Aurora COSInstallation,ArthurMamou-Mani Installation, DassaultSystèmes,ArthurMamou-Mani Fabrication
Manufacture
Strength
Collaborative Research of PLA material architecture, 2021 Spring Elective Research Project, University of Pennsylvania Instructer: Laia Mogas Soldevila Partner: Shiyu Jin, Ling Lin, Ranran Zhang PackagingFood Extractionn RECYCLING PROCESS
Polymerization
4D Printing
Toughness (J)Stain (%)StrengthYield(MPa) II. OvercomingDu-PLAPLA’s Deterioration with Dual Strategies Extract Corn Starch Enzyme Glucose Fermentation OH OH OH OH O CH2OH OH O OH CH3 Lactic Acid O OO CHO 3 CH3 Lactide Biodegrade & Photosynthesis PLA Product DisposalManufacture Polylactic (forToughAcidPLAStructure)Lightweight PLA (for Prefabricated Panels) CH O CH3 O n PolymerizationCondensation Add additives, other plastics, or pigments to refine Durability & Layer Adhesion Resistance to Shear Stress Strength ABS Standard PLA Tough PLA Compost foaming technology, triggered by heating to 230 °C Prin�ng Time Volume Weight Standard PLA Lightweight PLA 01 Production Methods UV & H t R t Be ore Annea ng A er Annea ng 65-215℃ Step1 Step1 Step3 Step3 Step2 Step2 1.Laser Cut Tests a. Nonflammable PLA mate rial b. Acceptable thickness and size for the 2.MechanicalmachineTesta.DigitalAnalysis in Rhino & Grasshopper b. Making small prototype models as well as 1:1 prototypes and testing the3.qualitiesInstallation Test a. Between members and members b. Between panels and members 4. Environmental Suitabil ity TestingTestthe adaptability of the model to UV, high temperature, humidity and other conditions in the real environment 03 Construction Process 02 Test Control Parameters UV UVStrength ResistenceUV/Heat UV UV UV UV & Heat Res stance Painting Painting PLA Sheet for Laser Cut 3D Printing PLAAnnealingPainting PLA with PigmentsResistantUV/Heat ReductionPreservationEffectsEffectsUse
Sketches Market
III. [Other
Kunsthaus Museum Bregenz, Austria,1997 by Peter Zumthor Works at Virginia Tech.] The Beyeler Foundation Basel, Switzerland,1997 by Renzo Piano
The Arab World Institute (Basement) Paris, France,1980 by Jeah Nouvel Barcelona Pavilion Barcelona, Spain,1929 by Mies van der Rohe Chapelle de Ronchamp France, 1954 by Le Corbusier Metropol Parasol Seville, Spain 2011 by Jürgen Mayer
Ronchamp,
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Basílica de la Sagrada Família, Barcelona, Spain, Antoni Gaudí Prague Castle Prague, Czech Re public Querini Stampalia Venice,Palace Italy, Carlo Scarpa Gate of Miletus Pergamon Museum, Berlin, Germany
Nimes,Vers-Pont-Du-GardFrance
Photography
Mechanical Drawing Hand StudioDrawing,2016Project Arts Lamp Shade Paper Art,2017 Studio Project Model Making The Studio1:1TheIndividualIndustrialClockDesign,2018ProjectFarmFollyWoodConstruction,2017Project Second Skin: The Corroded Skele ton(1)Costume Design,2016 Model: Amber Kraak Collaborated with Isha Mishra Second Skin: The Corroded Skele ton(2)Costume Design,2016 Model: Shan CollaboratedYuanwith Isha Mishra The Pool Ball Tower Individual Project, 2016 A Floating House Wood Frame Model(1) Individual Project,2018 A Residential House with tree trusses Wood Frame Model(2) Individual Project,2018 A 3/4”=1’Room Model by 3D-Printing Individual Project,2019 A Light Concrete+CurvedPassage Wood Frame Individual Project,2017 A Glass Foamcore+TransparentPavilion Plexi board Individual Project,2017 A IndividualWoodRestaurantBoardProject,2017
