June 2011
Askthe theExperts: Experts:Assessment, Assessment, Treatment, Ask Treatment, and and Supervision Strategies of Individuals Supervision Strategies of Individuals Convicted of Justice Reinvestment Convicted of Sexual Offenses in Hawaii Sexual Offenses Overview January 22, 2015
Kurt umby, PhD, Senior Associate, Cin enter for that Effec<ve Public Policy; and Director, Center for There isBconsensus among policymakers Hawaii Offender anagement theSex state needs toMreduce its dependence on out-of-state prisons, where, as of 2011, approximately one-third of Robin the state’s is Phoused. At theServices LLC J. Wadult ilson, prison PhD, Apopulation BPP, Wilson sychological same time, state leaders are determined to reduce violent crime, which, like the state prison population, has Greg Brown, Chief Proba<on Officer, 20th Judicial District Proba<on Department, Colorado increased significantly over the last decade. State Judicial ranch Governor NeilBAbercrombie, Chief Justice Mark Reck tenwald, Senate President Shan Tsutsui, House Speaker Shenique Thomas, PhD, Senior Policy Analyst, Reentry, Calvin Say andS. Department of Public Safety Director Jodie Maesaka-Hirata seek to employ a data-driven justice Council of strategy State Governments Jus<ce prisoners Center back to Hawaii, reduce spending on corrections, and reinreinvestment to bring out-of-state vest savings generated in strategies that would reverse recent crime trends. To this end, they sought assistance from the Bureau of Justice Assistance, a division of the U.S. Department of Justice, and the Pew Center on the States. The state leaders agreed to establish a bipartisan, inter-branch
Council of State Governments Justice Center • Na<onal nonprofit, nonpar<san membership associa<on of state government officials
• Engages members of all three branches of state government
• Jus<ce Center provides prac<cal, nonpar<san advice informed by the best available evidence
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The National Reentry Resource Center • The NRRC is a project of the CSG Jus<ce Center and is supported by the Bureau of Jus<ce Assistance. • NRRC staff have worked with nearly 600 SCA grantees, including 40 state correc<ons agencies. • The NRRC provides individualized, intensive, and targeted technical assistance training and distance learning to support SCA grantees.
ü Please register for the monthly NRRC newsleYer at: hYp://csgjus<cecenter.org/subscribe/ ü Please share this link with others in your networks that are interested in reentry!
hYp://csgjus<cecenter.org/nrrc/ Council of State Governments Justice Center Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Justice Center Reentry Projects
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Building a Foundation for Professionals Jus<ce Center Sex Offender Reentry Project designed to – • Increase knowledge about sex offender reentry • Educate professionals on evidence-‐based prac<ces • Engage and support research centered on issues related to sex offender assessment, treatment, management and reentry
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The Experts
Kurt Bumby, Ph.D.,
Senior Associate, Center for Effec<ve Public Policy
Robin J. Wilson, Ph.D., ABPP
Wilson Psychological Services LLC
Greg Brown
Chief Proba<on Officer, 20th Judicial District Proba<on Department, CO
Moderator: Shenique S. Thomas, Ph.D. Senior Policy Analyst, CSG Jus<ce Center
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Scope of Reentry Challenge Over 90% of individuals in jail/prison return to the community, and:
68% of state prisoners are rearrested in 3 years
77% of state prisoners are rearrested in 5 years
50% of state prisoners are reincarcerated in 3 years; 55% in 5 years
Source: Pew Center on the States (2012); Bureau of JusAce StaAsAcs (2014) Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Reentry Matters
Public safety: Helps reduce recidivism, resulting in fewer victims of crime and stops the revolving door of the criminal justice system
Stronger families: Promotes family reunification and prosocial relationships
Improved community wellbeing: Improves economic outcomes and yields healthier communities
Council of State Governments Justice Center
Smarter use of taxpayer dollars: Reduces costly reincarceration, which diverts public resources away from other public priorities, such as education and social services
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Moving the Field Forward: The National Reentry Resource Center Develops new knowledge Common Language for Risk CommunicaTon
Develop non-‐ arbitrary Develop non-‐ definiTons arbitrary and definiTons constructs and of risk categories constructs of to cgategories uide in risk to the guide converging of reconciling risk scores assessment scores
Engages the field Circles of Support and Accountability (COSA) Toolkit
Training video and companion guide to provide the background of and guiding principles of COSA
InnovaTve Strategies for a VicTm-‐Centered Approach
Employ a vicTm-‐ centered approach to sex offender reentry, highlighTng specific strategies important to vicTms
Technical Assistance and Training
ConTnued educaTon, support, and training for the field
Council of State Governments Justice Center
Promotes what works in reentry Key Principles of Sex Offender Reentry Policy and PracTce
What Works in Reentry Clearinghouse
Facilitate webinars centered on advancing the knowledge on sex offender management and reentry
SystemaTc review and evaluaTon process to idenTfy high quality, rigorous research and translate complex staTsTcal analysis
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Overview The Importance of Assessments Providing Treatment for Individuals who Sexually Offend Key Elements of a Supervision Strategy
Ques<on and Answer
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June 2011
JusticeThe Reinvestment in Hawaii Importance of Overview
Assessments
There is consensus among policymakers in Hawaii that the state needs to reduce its dependence on out-of-state prisons, where, as of 2011, approximately one-third of the state’s adult prison population is housed. At the same time, state leaders are determined to reduce violent crime, which, like the state prison population, has increased significantly over the last decade. Governor Neil Abercrombie, Chief Justice Mark Recktenwald, Senate President Shan Tsutsui, House Speaker Calvin Say and Department of Public Safety Director Jodie Maesaka-Hirata seek to employ a data-driven justice reinvestment strategy to bring out-of-state prisoners back to Hawaii, reduce spending on corrections, and reinvest savings generated in strategies that would reverse recent crime trends. To this end, they sought assistance from the Bureau of Justice Assistance, a division of the U.S. Department of Justice, and the Pew Center on the States. The state leaders agreed to establish a bipartisan, inter-branch
Kurt Bumby, Ph.D.
Center for EffecAve Public Policy Center for Sex Offender Management
Decision-Making is Not Easy • • • • •
Diverse, “specialized” popula<on Several pivotal decision points Wide array of poten<al strategies Limited resources Weight of outcomes
Council of State Governments Justice Center
Who gets what?
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Maximize Outcomes and Resources by Assessment-Driven Decision-Making What is the • Intervene commensurate with risk level, person’s recidivism priori<zing moderate to high risk offenders risk level?
What should be the focus of • Favor criminogenic needs (dynamic risk interven<on for this factors) over non-‐criminogenic needs person? What characteris<cs • Use effec<ve models of change, adjust to might impact “how” match client characteris<cs to enhance to intervene with poten<al benefit this person? Source: Principles of EffecAve CorrecAonal IntervenAon (Andrews & Bonta, 2010) Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Risk Factors Factors affec<ng recidivism risk include STATIC, historical characteris<cs, and DYNAMIC, changeable factors.
Examples of StaTc Risk Factors • • • • • •
Prior sex offenses Prior non-‐sex offenses Non-‐related vic<ms Stranger vic<ms Young male vic<ms Younger age
Examples of Dynamic Risk Factors • Sexual deviancy • An<social orienta<on, psychopathy • In<macy deficits, conflicts • Hos<lity • Self-‐regula<on deficits • Employment instability
Source: Hanson & Bussiere, 1998; Hanson & Morton-‐Bourgon, 2005 Council of State Governments Justice Center 14
Polling Question
Specialized sex offender-‐specific risk assessment tools can tell us which individuals will or will not recidivate.
Please respond to the quesAon listed in the Polling Area:
Select TRUE or FALSE Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Screening & Assessment: Static and Dynamic Risk ✔
General Behavioral Health Screens
✔
Criminogenic Risk and Need
Sex Offender-‐Specific
✔
Deviance-‐Specific
✔
GAIN
LSI-‐R
STATIC-‐99/STABLE & ACUTE
HCR-‐20
PAI
LS-‐CMI
STATIC 2002
PCL-‐R
Proxy
COMPAS
VASOR
DVSI-‐R
Classifica<on
ORAS
VRAG
K-‐SID
TCU
Wisconsin Risk/Needs
SOTIPS
AQ
TCUDS
ACTS
SVR-‐20
DVRAG
CMH
CMC
MnSOST-‐3
CAIS
RRASOR SORAG
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Implementation Considerations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Adopt empirically supported tools Promote buy-‐in Strive to implement same tool(s) across agencies Establish clear policies and procedures Ensure prac<<oners are well-‐trained Educate poten<al consumers Implement quality assurance strategies
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June 2011
Justice Reinvestment in Hawaii Treatment for Individuals who Overview Sexually Offend There is consensus among policymakers in Hawaii that the state needs to reduce its dependence on out-of-state prisons, where, as of 2011, approximately one-third of the state’s adult prison population is housed. At the same time, state leaders are determined to reduce violent crime, which, like the state prison population, has increased significantly over the last decade. Governor Neil Abercrombie, Chief Justice Mark Recktenwald, Senate President Shan Tsutsui, House Speaker Calvin Say and Department of Public Safety Director Jodie Maesaka-Hirata seek to employ a data-driven justice reinvestment strategy to bring out-of-state prisoners back to Hawaii, reduce spending on corrections, and reinvest savings generated in strategies that would reverse recent crime trends. To this end, they sought assistance from the Bureau of Justice Assistance, a division of the U.S. Department of Justice, and the Pew Center on the States. The state leaders agreed to establish a bipartisan, inter-branch
Robin J. Wilson, Ph.D., ABPP
Wilson Psychological Services LLC, Sarasota, FL
Polling Question
Treatment is equally effec<ve for all sex offenders regardless of risk level.
Please respond to the quesAon listed in the Polling Area:
Select TRUE or FALSE Council of State Governments Justice Center
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What does the research tell us about treatment? • HolisTc approaches are beYer than sex-‐offender-‐specific approaches (Marshall et al., 2011) • Confronta<on is less effec<ve than therapeuTc engagement (Marshall, 2005)
• Models of ciTzen engagement in community risk management – as a treatment adjunct – are showing promise (Wilson & McWhinnie, 2013)
• Most treatment outcome studies show posi<ve results, sugges<ng that treatment is leading to greater offender reintegraTon poten<al and greater community safety
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What are the components of treatment? • Most programs use a phase/module system • Phase 1: Typically promotes treatment readiness • Phase 2: Oren aimed at iden<fying internal and external contributors to risk, commonly achieved through extensive discussion and introspec<on • Phase 3: Typically focuses on building new ways of managing one’s behavior and achieving lifestyle balance • Phase 4: Most oren provides an opportunity for maintenance and (if in an ins<tu<on) discharge planning Council of State Governments Justice Center
Treatment can be accomplished in both ins<tu<onal and community sesngs, depending on risk and need
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How do we relate research findings to practice and policy? Further discussion is required as to how best to inves<gate treatment outcome, par<cularly regarding treatment success or failure • Opera<onal defini<ons of success/failure are needed • Randomized Control Trial (RCT) vs. other methods (Långström
et al., 2013; Levenson & PrescoY, 2014; Marshall & Marshall, 2007)
Rates of reoffending are lower and more manageable than previously thought (Hanson et al., 2014) • Interven<ons like life<me proba<on may be unnecessary • Other strongly puni<ve approaches are likely unnecessary for the vast majority of offenders
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Are there evidence-based models in treatment? Risk-‐Need-‐Responsivity principles (RNR) are well-‐validated as a general framework for interven<on (Andrews & Bonta, 2010) • Also applies to individuals who sexually offend (Hanson et al., 2009) • Collabora<ve RNR-‐based treatment and supervision leads to incremental reduc<ons in reoffending (Wilson et al., 2009)
Studies now star<ng to suggest that Good Lives approaches may augment RNR (Willis & Ward, 2013) and that Self-‐Regula<on approaches may also be helpful (Kingston et al., 2012) General theories of desistance are probably applicable to sexual offending (Laws & Ward, 2011) Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Strategies to Providing Effective Treatment 1. Adhere to the RNR principles 2. Whenever possible, be data driven and consider those data when sesng policy/prac<ce guidelines • Evidence-‐based decision-‐making, not decision-‐based evidence-‐making
3. Collaborate with others (in your work and advocacy) • Involve and engage community stakeholders (e.g., CoSA)
4. Engage in knowledge transfer whenever possible 5. Instead of “Does treatment work?” consider asking “What treatment works best?”
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June 2011
JusticeKey Reinvestment in Hawaii Elements of a
Supervision Strategy
Overview
There is consensus among policymakers in Hawaii that the state needs to reduce its dependence on out-of-state prisons, where, as of 2011, approximately one-third of the state’s adult prison population is housed. At the same time, state leaders are determined to reduce vioth lent crime, which, like the state prison population, has increased significantly over the last decade. Governor Neil Abercrombie, Chief Justice Mark Recktenwald, Senate President Shan Tsutsui, House Speaker Calvin Say and Department of Public Safety Director Jodie Maesaka-Hirata seek to employ a data-driven justice reinvestment strategy to bring out-of-state prisoners back to Hawaii, reduce spending on corrections, and reinvest savings generated in strategies that would reverse recent crime trends. To this end, they sought assistance from the Bureau of Justice Assistance, a division of the U.S. Department of Justice, and the Pew Center on the States. The state leaders agreed to establish a bipartisan, inter-branch
Greg Brown
Chief ProbaAon Officer, 20 Judicial District ProbaAon
Comprehensive Approach Core Components InvesTgaTons, ProsecuTons, and DisposiTons
VicTm Centeredness
Assessment CollaboraTon
Public EducaTon
Supervision Treatment
Monitoring and EvaluaTon
Specialized Knowledge and Training
Reentry RegistraTon and NoTficaTon
Source: Carter, Bumby, and Talbot (2004). CSOM Comprehensive Approach PublicaAon. Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Guiding Principles for Recidivism ReducTon
INCREASE POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
SKILL TRAIN WITH DIRECTED PRACTICE
TARGET INTERVENTION
ENHANCE INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
MEASUREMENT FEEDBACK
MEASURE RELEVANT PRACTICES
ENGAGE ON-GOING SUPPORT IN COMM.
ImplemenAng Evidence-‐Based PracAce in Community CorrecAons: The Principles of EffecAve IntervenAon. Na<onal Ins<tute of Correc<ons, 2004.
RISK/NEED: ASSESS ACTUARIAL RISK
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Placebo
15%
IntervenTon Model 15% RelaTonship w/ Professionals 30% Individual Client Features 40% Source: BeuAer et al., 2006: Lambert, 2006
Who Should We Focus On? • Target higher risk sex offenders based on the results of specialized actuarial risk assessment instruments • Provide evidence-‐based supervision that corresponds with risk level • Be careful not to “over supervise” lower risk sex offenders
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Polling Question
For individuals who sexually offend, community supports help to reduce recidivism and future vic<miza<on.
Please respond to the quesAon listed in the Polling Area: Select TRUE or FALSE Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Focus on the Right Priorities 1. We concentrate too much <me on risk management 2. Too liYle <me on current risk reduc<on – e.g., talking about criminogenic needs 3. Telling them who to avoid – not working on developing new social networks 4. Need to look at the context of risk factors Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Additional Post-Release Questions • Over 95% of individuals under correc<onal supervision will be released…some day
Sustainable?
• Civil commitments • Indeterminate sentencing
Council of State Governments Justice Center
EffecAve?
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Kurt Bumby, Ph.D., Senior Associate, Center for Effec<ve Public Policy
Robin J. Wilson Ph.D., ABPP
Wilson Psychological Services LLC
Council of State Governments Justice Center
Greg Brown
Chief Proba<on Officer, 20th Judicial District Proba<on Department, CO
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Save the Date - Future Webinar • • • •
Topic: Juveniles who sexually offend Date: Thursday, 2/26 Time: 2:00-‐3:30pm (ET) Presenters: • Chris Lobanov-‐Rostovsky, Program Director, Colorado Sex Offender Management Board, Division of Criminal Jus<ce • Robert Vickery, ExecuAve Director, Illinois Juvenile Jus<ce Commission • Lisa Jacobs, Vice Chair, Illinois Juvenile Jus<ce Commission • Judge George Timberlake, Chair, Illinois Juvenile Jus<ce Commission
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What Works in Reentry Clearinghouse Overview: Easy to navigate website where complex reentry research has been synthesized into accessible informa<on that can be used for replica<on, for ongoing research, and for driving the development of new and unique programs and recidivism reduc<on strategies Link: whatworks.csgjus<cecenter.org Key Features • “Rigor” or reliability ra<ngs • “Outcome” of effec<veness ra<ngs • Key findings/takeaways
• • •
Prac<<oner-‐oriented Recommenda<ons for prac<ce Recommenda<ons for future research
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Thank You! The webinar recording and PowerPoint presenta<on will be available on www.csgjus<cecenter.org within a week.
This material was developed by the presenters for this webinar. PresentaAons are not externally reviewed for form or content and as such, the statements within reflect the views of the authors and should not be considered the official posiAon of the Bureau of JusAce Assistance, JusAce Center, the members of the Council of State Governments, or funding agencies supporAng the work.
To receive newslegers and other announcements, please visit our website: www.csgjusAcecenter.org/subscribe
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