June 2011
Ask the Experts: Assessment, Treatment, and Supervision Strategies of Individuals Convicted of Sexual Offenses Justice Reinvestment
in Hawaii
January 22, 2015 Overview
Kurt Bumby, PhD, Senior Associate, Center for Effec<ve Public There is consensus among policymakers in Hawaii that Policy; and Director, Center for Sex Offender Management the state needs to reduce its dependence on out-of-state prisons, where, as of 2011, approximately one-third Robin Wilson, PhD, ABPP, Wilson Psychological LLC, of theJ. state’s adult prison population is housed. AtServices the Sarasota, FL state leaders are determined to reduce viosame time, lent crime, which, like the state prison population, has increased significantly over theOlast decade. Greg Brown, Chief Proba<on fficer, 20th Judicial District Proba<on Governor C Neil Abercrombie, Chief B Justice Department, olorado State Judicial ranch Mark Reck tenwald, Senate President Shan Tsutsui, House Speaker Calvin SayS. and Department Public Safety DirectorReentry Jodie Maesaka-Hirata seek to employ a data-driven justice Shenique Thomas, PhD, Sofenior Policy Analyst, reinvestment strategy to bring out-of-state prisoners back to Hawaii, reduce spending on corrections, and reinCouncil of State Governments Jus<ce Center
vest savings generated in strategies that would reverse recent crime trends. To this end, they sought assistance from the Bureau of Justice Assistance, a division of the U.S. Department of Justice, and the Pew Center on the States. The state leaders agreed to establish a bipartisan, inter-branch
Council of State Governments Justice Center • Na<onal non-‐profit, non-‐par<san membership associa<on of state government officials
• Engages members of all three branches of state government
• Jus<ce Center provides prac<cal, nonpar<san advice informed by the best available evidence
Council of State Governments Justice Center
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The National Reentry Resource Center • The NRRC is a project of the CSG Jus<ce Center and is supported by the Bureau of Jus<ce Assistance. • NRRC staff have worked with nearly 600 SCA grantees, including 40 state correc<ons agencies. • The NRRC provides individualized, intensive, and targeted technical assistance training and distance learning to support SCA grantees.
ü Please register for the monthly NRRC newsle[er at: h[p://csgjus<cecenter.org/subscribe/ ü Please share this link with others in your networks that are interested in reentry!
h[p://csgjus<cecenter.org/nrrc/ Council of State Governments Justice Center Council of State Governments Justice Center
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The Experts Greg’s picture here
Kurt Bumby, Ph.D. Senior Associate, Center for Effec<ve Public Policy
Robin J. Wilson, Ph.D., ABPP Wilson Psychological Services LLC, Sarasota, FL
Greg Brown Chief Proba<on Officer, 20th Judicial District Proba<on Department, Colorado
Moderator: Shenique S. Thomas, Ph.D. Senior Policy Analyst, CSG Jus<ce Center
Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Building a Foundation for Professionals Jus<ce Center Sex Offender Reentry Project designed to – § Increase knowledge about sex offender reentry § Educate professionals on evidence-‐based prac<ces § Engage and support research centered on issues related to sex offender assessment, treatment, management and reentry
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Scope of Reentry Challenge Over 90% of individuals in jail/prison return to the community, and:
68% of state prisoners are 77% of state prisoners are rearrested in 5 years
CSG Jus<ce Center
rearrested in 3 years
50% of state prisoners are reincarcerated in 3 years; 55% in 5 years
Source: Pew Center on the States (2012); Bureau of JusKce StaKsKcs (2014) Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Reentry Matters
Public safety: Helps reduce recidivism, resulting in fewer victims of crime and stops the revolving door of the criminal justice system
Stronger families: Promotes family reunification and prosocial relationships
Improved community wellbeing: Improves economic outcomes and yields healthier communities.
Council of State Governments Justice Center
Smarter use of taxpayer dollars: Reduces costly reincarceration, which diverts public resources away from other public priorities, such as education and social services
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Moving the Field Forward Informs SCA’s Vision & Supports SCA’s ImplementaPon Develops new knowledge
Through consensus-‐based research and crea<on of new resources and reports
Engages the field
Through pilo<ng and measuring the impact of new research in the field
Through development of prac<<oner-‐ friendly resources, and delivery of training and technical assistance
Council of State Governments Justice Center
Promotes what works in reentry
Through one-‐stop online resource hub, What Works in Reentry Clearinghouse, newsle[er, and other media
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Justice Center Reentry Projects
Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Moving the Field Forward: The National Reentry Resource Center Develops new knowledge Common Language for Risk CommunicaPon
Develop non-‐ arbitrary Develop non-‐ definiPons arbitrary and definiPons constructs and of risk categories constructs of to cgategories uide in risk to the guide converging of reconciling risk scores assessment scores
Engages the field Circles of Support and Accountability (COSA) Toolkit
Training video and companion guide to provide the background of and guiding principles of COSA
InnovaPve Strategies for a VicPm-‐Centered Approach
Employ a vicPm-‐ centered approach to sex offender reentry, highlighPng specific strategies important to vicPms
Technical Assistance and Training
ConPnued educaPon, support, and training for the field
Council of State Governments Justice Center
Promotes what works in reentry Key Principles of Sex Offender Reentry Policy and PracPce
What Works in Reentry Clearinghouse
Facilitate webinars centered on advancing the knowledge on sex offender management and reentry
SystemaPc review and evaluaPon process to idenPfy high quality, rigorous research and translate complex staPsPcal analysis
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Overview The Importance of Assessments Providing Treatment for Individuals who Sexually Offend Key Elements of a Supervision Strategy
Ques<on and Answer
Council of State Governments Justice Center
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June 2011
JusticeThe Reinvestment in Hawaii Importance of Overview
Assessments
There is consensus among policymakers in Hawaii that the state needs to reduce its dependence on out-of-state prisons, where, as of 2011, approximately one-third of the state’s adult prison population is housed. At the same time, state leaders are determined to reduce violent crime, which, like the state prison population, has increased significantly over the last decade. Governor Neil Abercrombie, Chief Justice Mark Recktenwald, Senate President Shan Tsutsui, House Speaker Calvin Say and Department of Public Safety Director Jodie Maesaka-Hirata seek to employ a data-driven justice reinvestment strategy to bring out-of-state prisoners back to Hawaii, reduce spending on corrections, and reinvest savings generated in strategies that would reverse recent crime trends. To this end, they sought assistance from the Bureau of Justice Assistance, a division of the U.S. Department of Justice, and the Pew Center on the States. The state leaders agreed to establish a bipartisan, inter-branch
Kurt Bumby, Ph.D.
Center for EffecKve Public Policy Center for Sex Offender Management
Decision-Making is Not Easy • • • • •
Diverse, “specialized” popula<on Several pivotal decision points Wide array of poten<al strategies Limited resources Weight of outcomes
Council of State Governments Justice Center
Who gets what?
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Maximize Outcomes and Resources by Assessment-Driven Decision-making What is the • Intervene commensurate with risk level, person’s recidivism priori<zing moderate to high risk offenders risk level?
What should be the focus of • Favor criminogenic needs (dynamic risk interven<on for this factors) over non-‐criminogenic needs person? What characteris<cs • Use effec<ve models of change, adjust to might impact “how” match client characteris<cs to enhance to intervene with poten<al benefit this person? Source: Principles of EffecKve CorrecKonal IntervenKon (Andrews & Bonta, 2010) Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Risk Factors Factors affec<ng recidivism risk include STATIC, historical characteris<cs, and DYNAMIC, changeable factors.
Examples of StaPc Risk Factors • • • • • •
Prior sex offenses Prior non-‐sex offenses Non-‐related vic<ms Stranger vic<ms Young male vic<ms Younger age
Examples of Dynamic Risk Factors • Sexual deviancy • An<social orienta<on, psychopathy • In<macy deficits, conflicts • Hos<lity • Self-‐regula<on deficits • Employment instability
(Hanson & Bussiere, 1998; Hanson & Morton-‐Bourgon, 2005) Council of State Governments Justice Center 15
Polling Question
Specialized sex offender-‐specific risk assessment tools can tell us which individuals will – or will not – recidivate.
Please respond to the quesKon listed in the Polling QuesKon box: Select TRUE or FALSE Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Screening & Assessment: Static and Dynamic Risk ✔
General Behavioral Health Screens
✔
Criminogenic Risk and Need
Sex Offender-‐Specific
✔
Deviance-‐Specific
✔
GAIN
LSI-‐R
STATIC-‐99/STABLE & ACUTE
HCR-‐20
PAI
LS-‐CMI
STATIC 2002
PCL-‐R
Proxy
COMPAS
VASOR
SVR-‐20
Classifica<on
ORAS
VRAG
DVSI-‐R
TCU
Wisconsin Risk/Needs
SOTIPS
K-‐SID
TCUDS
ACTS
MnSOST-‐R
AQ
CMH
CMC
RRASOR
DVRAG
CAIS
SORAG
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Implementation Considerations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Adopt empirically-‐supported tools Promote buy-‐in Strive to implement same tool(s) across agencies Establish clear policies and procedures Ensure prac<<oners are well-‐trained Educate poten<al consumers Implement quality assurance strategies
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June 2011
Justice Reinvestment in Hawaii Treatment for Individuals who Overview Sexually Offend There is consensus among policymakers in Hawaii that the state needs to reduce its dependence on out-of-state prisons, where, as of 2011, approximately one-third of the state’s adult prison population is housed. At the same time, state leaders are determined to reduce violent crime, which, like the state prison population, has increased significantly over the last decade. Governor Neil Abercrombie, Chief Justice Mark Recktenwald, Senate President Shan Tsutsui, House Speaker Calvin Say and Department of Public Safety Director Jodie Maesaka-Hirata seek to employ a data-driven justice reinvestment strategy to bring out-of-state prisoners back to Hawaii, reduce spending on corrections, and reinvest savings generated in strategies that would reverse recent crime trends. To this end, they sought assistance from the Bureau of Justice Assistance, a division of the U.S. Department of Justice, and the Pew Center on the States. The state leaders agreed to establish a bipartisan, inter-branch
Robin J. Wilson, Ph.D., ABPP
Wilson Psychological Services LLC, Sarasota, FL
What does the research tell us about treatment? • Holis<c approaches are be[er than sex-‐offender-‐specific approaches (Marshall et al., 2011) • Confronta<on is less effec<ve than therapeu<c engagement (Marshall, 2005) • Models of ci<zen engagement in community risk management – as a treatment adjunct – are showing promise (Wilson & McWhinnie, 2013) • Most treatment outcome studies show posi<ve results, sugges<ng that treatment is leading to greater offender reintegra<on poten<al and greater community safety
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What are the components of treatment? • Most programs use a phase/module system – Phase 1: Typically promotes treatment readiness – Phase 2: Oten aimed at iden<fying internal and external contributors to risk, commonly achieved through extensive discussion and introspec<on – Phase 3: Typically focuses on building new ways of managing one’s behavior and achieving lifestyle balance
Treatment can be accomplished in both ins<tu<onal and community seungs, depending on risk and need
– Phase 4: Most oten provides an opportunity for maintenance and (if in an ins<tu<on) discharge planning Council of State Governments Justice Center
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How do we relate research findings to practice and policy? Further discussion is required as to how best to inves<gate treatment outcome, par<cularly regarding treatment success or failure – Opera<onal defini<ons of success/failure are needed – Randomized Control Trial (RCT) vs. other methods (Långström
et al., 2013; Levenson & Presco[, 2014; Marshall & Marshall, 2007)
Rates of reoffending are lower and more manageable than previously thought (Hanson et al., 2014) – Interven<ons like life<me proba<on may be unnecessary – Other strongly puni<ve approaches are likely unnecessary for the vast majority of offenders
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Are there evidence-based models in treatment? • Risk-‐Need-‐Responsivity principles (RNR) are well-‐validated as a general framework for interven<on (Andrews & Bonta, 2010) – Also applies to individuals who sexually offend (Hanson et al., 2009) – Collabora<ve RNR-‐based treatment and supervision leads to incremental reduc<ons in reoffending (Wilson et al., 2009)
• Studies now star<ng to suggest that Good Lives approaches may augment RNR (Willis & Ward, 2013) and that Self-‐ Regula<on approaches may also be helpful (Kingston et al., 2012) • General theories of desistance are probably applicable to sexual offending (Laws & Ward, 2011) Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Polling Question
For individuals who sexually offend, community supports help to reduce recidivism and future vic<miza<on.
Please respond to the quesKon listed in the Polling QuesKon box: Select TRUE or FALSE Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Strategies to Providing Effective Treatment 1. Adhere to the RNR principles 2. Whenever possible, be data driven and consider those data when seung policy/prac<ce guidelines – Evidence-‐based decision-‐making, not decision-‐based evidence-‐making
3. Collaborate with others (in your work and advocacy) – Involve and engage community stakeholders (e.g., CoSA)
4. Engage in knowledge transfer whenever possible 5. Instead of “Does treatment work?” consider asking “What treatment works best?”
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June 2011
JusticeKey Reinvestment in Hawaii Elements of a
Supervision Strategy
Overview
There is consensus among policymakers in Hawaii that the state needs to reduce its dependence on out-of-state prisons, where, as of 2011, approximately one-third of the state’s adult prison population is housed. At the same time, state leaders are determined to reduce vioth lent crime, which, like the state prison population, has increased significantly over the last decade. Governor Neil Abercrombie, Chief Justice Mark Recktenwald, Senate President Shan Tsutsui, House Speaker Calvin Say and Department of Public Safety Director Jodie Maesaka-Hirata seek to employ a data-driven justice reinvestment strategy to bring out-of-state prisoners back to Hawaii, reduce spending on corrections, and reinvest savings generated in strategies that would reverse recent crime trends. To this end, they sought assistance from the Bureau of Justice Assistance, a division of the U.S. Department of Justice, and the Pew Center on the States. The state leaders agreed to establish a bipartisan, inter-branch
Greg Brown
Chief ProbaKon Officer, 20 Judicial District ProbaKon
Comprehensive Approach Core Components InvesPgaPons, ProsecuPons, and DisposiPons
VicPm Centeredness
Assessment CollaboraPon
Public EducaPon
Supervision Treatment
Monitoring and EvaluaPon
Specialized Knowledge and Training
Reentry RegistraPon and NoPficaPon
Carter, Bumby, and Talbot (2004). CSOM Comprehensive Approach PublicaKon. Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Guiding Principles for Recidivism ReducPon
INCREASE POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
SKILL TRAIN WITH DIRECTED PRACTICE
TARGET INTERVENTION
ENHANCE INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
MEASUREMENT FEEDBACK
MEASURE RELEVANT PRACTICES
ENGAGE ON-GOING SUPPORT IN COMM.
ImplemenKng Evidence-‐Based PracKce in Community CorrecKons: The Principles of EffecKve IntervenKon. Na<onal Ins<tute of Correc<ons, 2004.
RISK/NEED: ASSESS ACTUARIAL RISK
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Placebo
15%
IntervenPon Model 15% RelaPonship W/ Professionals 30% Individual Client Features 40% Source: BeuKer et al., 2006: Lambert, 2006
Who Should We Focus On? • Target higher risk offenders based on the results of specialized actuarial risk assessment instruments – Provide evidence-‐based intensive treatment and supervision – Be careful not to provide lower risk offenders with intensive services
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Identify the Right Targets 1. We focus too much <me on risk management 2. Too li[le <me on current risk reduc<on – e.g., talking about criminogenic needs 3. Telling them who to avoid – not working on developing new social networks 4. Need to look at the context of risk factors Council of State Governments Justice Center
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Reentry - Where Do They Go? • Over 95 percent of individuals under correc<onal supervision will be released…some day
Sustainable?
• Civil commitments • Indeterminate sentencing
Council of State Governments Justice Center
EffecKve?
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Save the Date - Future Webinar • • • •
Topic: Juveniles who sexually offend Date: Thursday, 2/26 Time: 2:00-‐3:30pm (ET) Presenters: – Chris Lobanov-‐Rostovsky, Program Director, Colorado Sex Offender Management Board, Division of Criminal Jus<ce – Robert Vickery, ExecuKve Director, Illinois Juvenile Jus<ce Commission – Lisa Jacobs, Vice-‐Chair, Illinois Juvenile Jus<ce Commission – Judge George Timberlake, Chair, Illinois Juvenile Jus<ce Commission
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What Works in Reentry Clearinghouse Overview: Easy to navigate website where complex reentry research has been synthesized into accessible informa<on that can be used for replica<on, for ongoing research, and for driving the development of new and unique programs and recidivism reduc<on strategies Link: whatworks.csgjus<cecenter.org Key Features • “Rigor” or reliability ra<ngs • “Outcome” of effec<veness ra<ngs • Key findings/takeaways
• • •
Prac<<oner-‐oriented Recommenda<ons for prac<ce Recommenda<ons for future research
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Ask the Experts Greg’s picture here
Kurt Bumby, Ph.D. Senior Associate, Center for Effec<ve Public Policy
Robin J. Wilson, Ph.D., ABPP Wilson Psychological Services LLC, Sarasota, FL
Council of State Governments Justice Center
Greg Brown Chief Proba<on Officer, 20th Judicial District Proba<on Department, Colorado
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Thank You! The webinar recording and PowerPoint presenta<on will be available on www.csgjus<cecenter.org within a week.
This material was developed by the presenters for this webinar. PresentaKons are not externally reviewed for form or content and as such, the statements within reflect the views of the authors and should not be considered the official posiKon of the Bureau of JusKce Assistance, JusKce Center, the members of the Council of State Governments, or funding agencies supporKng the work.
To receive newslebers and other announcements, please visit our website: www.csgjusKcecenter.org/subscribe
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