ct-justice-reinvestment-informational

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Joint&Informa,onal&Hearing,& Judiciary&and&Appropria,ons&Commi:ees& & !

April!22,!2014! ! Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center! ! ! Michael!Thompson,!Director! !


Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center! •  Na;onal!nonBprofit,!nonBpar;san!membership!associa;on!of! state!government!officials! ! •  Engages!members!of!all!three!branches!of!state!government!! ! •  Jus;ce!Center!provides!prac;cal,!nonpar;san!advice!informed! by!the!best!available!evidence! !

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Presenta;on!Overview!

Jus;ce!Reinvestment!eorts!in!Connec;cut! have!blazed!a!trail!na;onally! Examining!where!Connec;cut!ďŹ ts!in!the! na;onal!and!regional!context!today! Opportuni;es!to!leverage!the!latest!science! to!further!improve!outcomes!in!Connec;cut!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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2003:!!Connec;cut!policymakers!examine!runaway!growth!of! prison!popula;on!and!correc;ons!spending! Budget!Crisis! (2000B2001)!

20,000

17,529

18,000

17,514

16,000

“An!Act! Concerning!! Prison!Over! Crowding”! signed!into!law! (2004)!

14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000

18,710

8,976

6,000 4,000 2,000 0 1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Source:!OPM!2012!Prison!Popula;on!Forecast,!prison!popula;ons!annually!as!of!Feb.!1!B!h[p://www.ct.gov/opm/lib/opm/cjppd/cjresearch/popula;onforecast/2012_prison_popula;on_forecast_final.pdf!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Prison!Expenditure:!New!Haven!Neighborhoods!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Proba;oners,!Unemployment!Insurance!Claimants,!TFA! Recipients:!New!Haven!Neighborhoods!

UI Claimants

Probationers

TFA Recipients

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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2004:!!With!overwhelming!bipar;san!support,!Connec;cut! becomes!first!state!to!enact!Jus;ce!Reinvestment! !

Lawmakers!approve!plan!to!reduce!prison!popula4on! May!6,!2004!–!Associated!Press!! !

HARTFORD,!Conn.!BB!The!state!Senate!passed!a!plan!to!reduce!Connec;cut's!prison!

popula;on!Wednesday!night,!finishing!a!major!legisla;ve!priority!just!an!hour!before! the!session's!close.! Senators!praised!the!bill!as!an!effort!to!reduce!recidivism!and!a!way!to!avoid!building! more!prisons.!The!measure!passed!36B0!and!now!heads!to!Gov.!John!G.!Rowland's! desk.! "The!nature!of!this!is!to!address!what!we!all!understand!to!be!an!overwhelming! problem,"!said!Sen.!Andrew!McDonald,!DBStamford,!coBchairman!of!the!Judiciary! Commi[ee.!"I!think!it!also!represents!a!recogni;on!of!the!fact!that!we!will!never!be! able!to!build!our!way!out!of!a!criminal!jus;ce!issue. ! The!state's!prison!popula;on!B!around!19,000!B!is!about!2,000!more!than!state!facili;es! were!built!to!handle,!McDonald!said.!Advocates!of!the!legisla;on!said!it!could!reduce! the!prison!popula;on!by!up!to!2,000!inmates.! …!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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2004:!!With!overwhelming!bipar;san!support,!Connec;cut! becomes!ďŹ rst!state!to!enact!Jus;ce!Reinvestment! Connec4cut!Case!Study! Policy!Op4ons!

Bed! Cost!Savings! Savings! (in!millions)!

a.!!85!percent!release!restric;on!

843!

$15.4M!

b.!!Parolees!released,!on!average,!no!later!than!ďŹ ve!months!amer! their!parole!eligibility!date!

459!

$8.4M!

c.!!Reduce!proba;on!technical!viola;on!admissions,!on!average,! by!25!percent!

488!

$8.9M!

d.!Reduce,!on!average,!the!LOS!of!proba;on!technical!violators! by!three!months!

341!

$6.2M!

e.!!Release!short!term!sentenced!prisoners!amer!having!served! 50!percent!of!the!sentence!

279!

$5.1M!

f.!!Reduce!transi;onal!supervision/!community!and!parole! technical!viola;ons!

268!

$4.9M!

2,678!

$48.9M!

Totals! Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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2004:!!With!overwhelming!bipar;san!support,!Connec;cut! becomes!first!state!to!enact!Jus;ce!Reinvestment! Connec4cut!Case!Study!

The!Results:! •  Inmates!housed!out!of!state!housed!returned!to! Connec;cut! •  $14!million!reinvested,!much!of!it!in!programs! administered!by!the!Department!of!Mental!Health!/! Addic;on!Services! •  Focus!on!interBagency!collabora;on,!improved! outcomes,!and!increased!accountability!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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CommunityBbased!reinvestment!targe;ng!New!Haven! neighborhoods!totals!$1!million,!but!not!a!gameBchanger!

“In!keeping!with!the!original!JRI!concept,!$1!million!was!earmarked!for!crea;on! of!pilot!projects!in!New!Haven!and!Harpord!to!aid!reBentry!for!parolees.!But! important!considera;ons!about!which!kinds!of!investments!might!best! improve!the!circumstances!of!people!returning!to!the!neighborhoods!so!vividly! mapped!in!“Building!Bridges”!received!scant!a[en;on.!Rather!than! concentra;ng!the!modest!resources!provided!for!employment!ini;a;ves! within!a!single!neighborhood!in!each!city!to!which!people!might!return!from! any!of!the!20!state!prisons,!the!pilot!projects!were!designed!to!provide! transi;onal!housing!for!a!few!hundred!people!released!to!any!part!of!the! target!ci;es!from!a!prison!nearby.”! ! BPage!25! !

Source:!h[p://sentencingproject.org/doc/publica;ons/sen_Char;ng%20a%20New%20Jus;ce%20Reinvestment.pdf!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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In!the!wake!of!key!events!in!the!last!decade,!Connec;cut’s! prison!popula;on!dropped!steadily!but!may!be!leveling!off! 19,894

20,000 19,000

19,107

18,710

18,000 17,000 16,000 15,000

Cheshire! Tragedy! (2007)!

An!Act! Concerning!! Prison!Over! Crowding!signed! into!law!(2004)!

Comprehensive! policy!changes! in!response!to! Cheshire! Tragedy! (2008B2009)!

16,490

14,000 13,000 12,000 11,000 10,000 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014*

*!2014!data!as!of!most!recent!OPM!Daily!Total!Connec;cut!Correc;onal!Facility!Popula;on!Count!(April.!2013)!B!h[p://www.ct.gov/opm/cwp/view.asp?a=2967&q=487584!!! Source:!OPM!2012!Prison!Popula;on!Forecast,!prison!popula;ons!annually!as!of!Feb.!1!B!h[p://www.ct.gov/opm/lib/opm/cjppd/cjresearch/popula;onforecast/2012_prison_popula;on_forecast_final.pdf!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Connec;cut!had!one!of!the!largest!prison!growths!ten!years! ago!and!is!now!among!those!decreasing!most!rapidly! 15%!

ME! RI! CT! CT! CO! MN! WV! VT! VA! AZ! OR! MS! NM! TN! IA! PA! SC! MO! AL! UT! KS! AR! FL! SD! ID! MI! GA! KY! IN! NE! WY! WI! OK! NH! CA! MD! NC! OH! ND! TX! HI! LA! NY! NJ! MT! MA! DE! AK!

Prison!Popula;on!Percentage!Change,!2001>2002&

10%! 5%! 0%!

+8%!

B5%!

10%!

KY! ID! KS! SD! MS! WV! LA! DE! WY! TN! IN! AK! NE! UT! AL! MO! ND! MN! NH! MA! OR! PA! AZ! WI! MI! HI! VA! OH! GA! NM! ME! VT! FL! MT! RI! OK! TX! NY! MD! SC! NJ! IA! NC! CT!CT! AR! CO! CA!

Prison!Popula;on!Percentage!Change,!2010>2012&

5%! 0%! B5%! B10%!

L9%!

B15%! B20%!

Excludes!3!states!with!that!did!not!report!2012!data! Source:!BJS,!Prisoners!in!2002,!2011!and!Prisoners!in!2012B!!Advance!Counts.&

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Recidivism!rates,!measured!within!two!years!amer!release! from!prison,!decreased!! Recidivism!Rates:!2004,!2005,!and!2008!Prison!Release!Cohorts! 70%! 60%!

59!%!

56!%!

50%! 49!%!

ReturnBtoBprison!rate*! 2!percentage!points!

47!%!

40%!

ReBarrest!rate!!! 3!percentage!points!

30%! 20%! 10%! 0%! 2004!

2005!

2008!

*Return!to!prison!rate! Includes!technical!viola;ons,! new!oense!convic;on,!and! shortBterm!deten;ons.!!

Source:!CT!OPM!Criminal!Jus;ce!Policy!and!Planning,!h[p://www.ct.gov/opm/lib/opm/cjppd/cjresearch/recidivismstudy/2011_recidivism_report_ďŹ nal.pdf!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Between!2003!and!2012,!CT!crime,!arrest,!and!prison! popula;on!all!decreased! 120,000

4,000,000

100,000

3,500,000 3,000,000

80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0

2,500,000

Total! Index!Crimes! Down!17%!

1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

140,000

40,000 20,000 0

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

20,000

100,000 60,000

0 25,000

120,000 80,000

Resident! Popula;on! Up!3%!

2,000,000

15,000

Total! Adult!Arrests! Down!15%!

Prison! Popula;on! Down!6%!

10,000 5,000

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Source:!OPM!CJPPD!“Trends!In!the!Criminal!Jus;ce!System�!presenta;on,!h[p://www.ct.gov/opm/lib/opm/cjppd/cjcjpac/judiciary_presenta;on_march_2014_rev7.pdf;!CT!Department!of!Health,!July!1! popula;on!es;mates!www.ct.gov/dph/cwp/view.asp?a=3132&q=388156;!and!OPM!2012!Prison!Popula;on!Forecast,!prison!popula;ons!annually!as!of!Feb.!1.&

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Over!last!decade,!percent!reduc;on!in!CT!prison!popula;on!! was!the!greatest!for!black!and!Hispanic!people!! 25,000!

Prison!Popula;on! Percent!Change! (2004!to!2014)!

20,000!

15,000!

10,000!

5,000!

Hispanic! White!

Hispanic!

B13!percent! !

White!!

B!1!percent!! !

Black!!

B!12!percent!! !

Total!Prison! Popula4on!!

L!9!percent! !

Black!!

0! 2004! 2005! 2006! 2007! 2008! 2009! 2010! 2011! 2012! 2013! 2014!

Source:!CT!OPM!Criminal!Jus;ce!Policy!and!Planning,!h[p://www.ct.gov/opm/lib/opm/cjppd/cjcjpac/judiciary_presenta;on_march_2014_rev7.pdf!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Other!states!have!followed!Connec;cut’s!lead! Ohio!(2011)!

North!Carolina!(2011)!

Pennsylvania!(2012)!

Hawaii!(2012)!

West!Virginia!(2013)!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

Kansas!(2013)!

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Applying!placeBbased!strategies:! Prison!admissions!hotspots!–!Arizona,!2004!

60%!of!the!State’s!prison!popula;on!comes!from! and!returns!to!the!PhoenixBMesa!metropolitan!area.!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Applying!placeBbased!strategies:! Prison!admissions!hotspots!–!Maricopa!County,!2004!

A!single!neighborhood!in!Phoenix!is! home!to!1%!of!the!state’s!total! popula;on!but!6.5%!of!the!state’s! prison!popula;on! South!Mountain!Zip!Code!85041!! Prison!Admissions!=!31.8!per!1000!adults! Jail!Bookings!=!96.5!per!1000!adults! Proba;on!=!25.1!per!1000!adults!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Applying!placeBbased!strategies:! Prison!expenditures!in!dollars!–!Maricopa!County,!2004! North Mountain

Alhambra

Glendale

Encanto Camelback East Maryvale

Estrella

Central City

$1.1!Million! $1.8!Million! Laveen

South Mountain

$1.6!Million!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

Within!high!expenditure! neighborhoods!there!are! numerous,!smaller!area,! million!dollar!block!groups!

19!


Applying!placeBbased!strategies:! High!density!of!proba;oners!in!South!Phoenix!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Federal!ac;on!following!Connec;cut’s!lead! President!Obama’s!Jus4ce!Funding!Highlights!(in!millions)!

Sen.!John! Cornyn!(TX)!

Sen.!Patrick! Leahy!(VT)!

Sen.!Sheldon! Whitehouse!(RI)!

Legisla4on! Sponsors:!

Source:!!h[p://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2014/assets/jus;ce.pdf)!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Na;onal!conserva;ve!leaders!leading!the!charge!for!! more!effec;ve!criminal!jus;ce!policy!

“We!are!not!a!som!on!crime!state,!but!I!hope!we!get!the!reputa;on! of!a!smart!on!crime!state.!We!shut!a!prison!down!last!year.! !

You!want!to!talk!about!real!conserva;ve!governance,! shut!a!prison!down.”! ! Governor!Rick!Perry!(RLTX)! Photo!source:!www.washingtonpost.com/poli;cs/conserva;vesBtryBtoBmakeBcriminalBjus;ceBreformBaBsignatureBissue/2014/03/07/4b006368Ba626B11e3B84d4Be59b1709222c_story.html! Logo!source:!www.rightoncrime.com!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Presenta;on!Overview!

Jus;ce!Reinvestment!eorts!in!Connec;cut! have!blazed!a!trail!na;onally! Examining!where!Connec;cut!ďŹ ts!in!the! na;onal!and!regional!context!today! Opportuni;es!to!leverage!the!latest!science! to!further!improve!outcomes!in!Connec;cut!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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TwoBthirds!of!U.S.!states!have!a!higher! total!incarcera;on!rate!than!Connec;cut! 2012!Incarcera4on!Rate! (Sentenced!prisoners!per!100,000!popula4on)!

U.S.!Total! Incarcera4on!Rate! 480!

Source:!BJS,!Prisoners&in&2012&–&Advance&Counts.&

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Connec;cut’s!total!index!crime!rate!is!the! seventh!lowest!in!the!country! 2012!Index!Crime!Rate! (Index!crimes!per!100,000!popula4on)!

U.S.!Total! Index!Crime! Rate! 3,246!

Source:!FBI,!Crime&in&the&U.S.&2012.&

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Correc;ons!spending!is!up!in!the!last!decade! but!down!slightly!in!recent!years! DOC!General!Revenue!Expenditures!(in!millions)& 800.0!

691.1! 710.1!

700.0! 600.0! 552.7! 573.8!

600.6!

627.7!

666.9! 676.0! 671.3!

635.5!

500.0! 400.0! 300.0! 200.0! 100.0! 0.0! 2004! 2005! 2006! 2007! 2008! 2009! 2010! 2011! 2012! 2013!

State!spending!on! correc;ons!is!up!15%!from! 2004,!but!down!11%!since! peaking!in!2009! Connec;cut!was!among!only! 17!states!that!showed!a! decrease!in!state!fund! correc;ons!spending!from! 2011!to!2012! ! Na;onally,!general!revenue! expenditures!are!unchanged! from!2009!to!2013!

Source:!h[p://www.ct.gov/doc/cwp/view.asp?a=1505&q=265586! Na;onal!Associa;on!of!State!Budget!OďŹƒcers,&2009&and&2011>2013&State&Expenditure&Reports&

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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In!the!Northeast,!Connec;cut!ranks!among!the!lowest!in! crime!rate,!but!among!the!highest!in!incarcera;on!rate! Total!Index! Incarcera4on! Proba4on! Crime!Rate! Rate! Rate! Connec;cut!

2,423!

333!

1,700!

7th!

2nd!

3rd!

Massachuse[s!

2,559!

199!

1,303!

Maine!

2,633!

145!

652!

New!Hampshire!

2,512!

211!

390!

New!Jersey!

2,337!

261!

1,673!

New!York!

2,329!

276!

701!

Pennsylvania!

2,515!

398!

1,768!

Rhode!Island!

2,825!

190!

2,848!

Vermont!

2,541!

242!

1,184!

Connec;cut’s!Rank!

(Among!9!Northeastern!states)!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Prison!Incarcera;on!Rate!per!100,000!Residents!

Comparison!to!some!northeastern!states!shows! room!for!improvement! 400! ! ! ! 300! ! ! ! 200! ! ! ! 100! ! ! ! !!0! ! !!0

PA!

PA!has!both!a!higher! incarcera;on!and! crime!rate!

CT! NY! NJ! NH!

!!500

!!1,000

!!1,500

!!2,000

VT! MA! RI! ME!

!!!2,500

NY!and!NJ!have!both! lower!incarcera;on! and!crime!rates!! Other!northeastern! states!have!lower! incarcera;on!and! higher!crime!rates!

!!!3,000!

Index!Crime!Rate!per!100,000!Residents!

Source:!BJS,!Prisoners&in&2012&and!FBI,!Crime&in&the&U.S.&2012.&

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Yes,!recidivism!rates!are!down,!but!could!they!be!decreased! further?!! Recidivism!Rates:!2004,!2005,!and!2008!Prison!Release!Cohorts! 70%! 60%!

59!%!

56!%!

50%! 49!%!

ReturnBtoBprison!rate*! 2!percentage!points!

47!%!

40%!

ReBarrest!rate!!! 3!percentage!points!

30%! 20%! 10%! 0%! 2004!

2005!

2008!

*Return!to!prison!rate! Includes!technical!viola;ons,! new!oense!convic;on,!and! shortBterm!deten;ons.!!

Source:!CT!OPM!Criminal!Jus;ce!Policy!and!Planning,!h[p://www.ct.gov/opm/lib/opm/cjppd/cjresearch/recidivismstudy/2011_recidivism_report_ďŹ nal.pdf!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Are!there!opportuni;es!to!decrease!the!length!of!stay!for! dierent!categories!of!your!pretrial!detainee!popula;on?! 25,000!

20,000!

20!%!

Pretrial!

22!%!

78!%!

Sentenced!

75%!

2!%!

Other!

15,000!

10,000!

5,000!

0!

2008!

Pretrial!propor;on!of! the!total!prison! popula;on!is!up! slightly!as!the! sentenced!popula;on! has!decreased!

3!%! 2013!

Source:!OPM!Monthly!Indicators!Reports,!December!1,!2013!and!2008.&

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Presenta;on!Overview!

Jus;ce!Reinvestment!eorts!in!Connec;cut! have!blazed!a!trail!na;onally! Examining!where!Connec;cut!ďŹ ts!in!the! na;onal!and!regional!context!today! Opportuni;es!to!leverage!the!latest!science! to!further!improve!outcomes!in!Connec;cut!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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Funding!and!partners!

Justice(Reinvestment( !!

a"data%driven"approach"to"reduce"corrections"spending" and"reinvest"savings"in"strategies"that"can" decrease"recidivism"and"increase"public"safety."

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

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1.!Focus!on! individuals!most! likely!to!reoffend!

!

Iden;fy!and!Focus!on!HigherBRisk!Offenders!

Who?% Without!Risk!Assessment…!

With!Risk!Assessment…!

Risk of Re-offending HIGH! MODERATE! LOW! 70%! 35%! 10%! reLarrested! reLarrested! reLarrested! Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!!|!34!


PROGRAM L

-0.6 PROGRAM ZZ

PROGAM LL

PROGRAM CC

PROGRAM X

PROGRAM CCC

PROGRAM C

PROGRAM JJ

PROGRAM N

PROGRAM A

PROGRAM S

PROGRAM I

PROGRAM BB

PROGRAM PP

PROGRAM UU

PROGRAM P

PROGRAM BBB

PROGRAM K

PROGRAM HHH

PROGRAM B

PROGRAM III

PROGRAM YY

PROGRAM RR

PROGRAM MM

PROGRAM AA

PROGRAM Q

PROGRAM O

PROGRAM J

PROGRAM G

PROGRAM F

PROGRAM NN

PROGRAM FFF

PROGRAM E

PROGRAM TT

PROGRAM VV

PROGRAM KK

PROGRAM GG

PROGRAM T

PROGRAM QQ

PROGRAM HH

PROGRAM Z

PROGRAM V

PROGRAM KKK

PROGRAM JJJ

PROGRAM DDD

PROGRAM DD

PROGRAM XX

PROGRAM GGG

PROGRAM OO

PROGRAM III

PROGRAM H

PROGRAM SS

PROGRAM U

PROGRAM EEE

PROGRAM AAA

PROGRAM W

PROGRAM WW

PROGRAM D

PROGRAM FF

PROGRAM R

PROGRAM Y

PROGRAM EE

PROGRAM M

Felony Reconviction for LOW Risk 0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.5


Felony Reconviction for HIGH Risk 0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

-0.1

-0.2

PROGRAM EE

PROGRAM FF PROGRAM L PROGRAM FFF PROGRAM N PROGRAM III

PROGRAM GG

PROGRAM P

PROGRAM III

PROGRAM F

PROGRAM D PROGRAM O PROGRAM U PROGRAM B

PROGRAM X PROGRAM XX PROGAM LL

PROGRAM EEE PROGRAM HH PROGRAM SS PROGRAM A

PROGRAM MM PROGRAM DD PROGRAM K

PROGRAM HHH PROGRAM G PROGRAM Q PROGRAM KKK PROGRAM BB

PROGRAM TT PROGRAM CC PROGRAM QQ PROGRAM WW

PROGRAM J PROGRAM JJJ PROGRAM YY PROGRAM V

PROGRAM OO

PROGRAM M

PROGRAM VV

PROGRAM Z

PROGRAM DDD

PROGRAM KK

PROGRAM GGG PROGRAM UU PROGRAM T

PROGRAM AA PROGRAM BBB PROGRAM H PROGRAM AAA PROGRAM Y

PROGRAM JJ

PROGRAM ZZ

PROGRAM W PROGRAM NN PROGRAM S

PROGRAM I

PROGRAM E

PROGRAM CCC PROGRAM C PROGRAM RR

PROGRAM PP

-0.3


1.!Focus!on! individuals!most! likely!to!reoffend! Low!Risk!

3

+!! !%!

!

Iden;fy!and!Focus!on!HigherBRisk!Offenders! Average Difference in Recidivism by Risk for Halfway House Offenders Moderate! Risk!

High! Risk!

6

L! !%!

L!

14!%!

•  Adopted!a!common!set!of!risk!assessment! instruments!across!the!state’s!criminal!jus;ce! system.! •  Ensured!that!program!placement!is!driven!by! risk!assessment!score.! *Presentation by Latessa, “What Works and What Doesn’t in Reducing Recidivism: Applying the Principles of Effective Intervention to Offender Reentry”

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!!|!37!


Knowledge!on!effec;ve!supervision!has!increased! drama;cally!over!the!last!20!years! Tradi;onal!Approach!!

EvidenceBBased! Prac;ces!

Supervise!everyone!! the!same!way!!

Assess!risk!of!recidivism! and!focus!supervision!on! the!highestBrisk! offenders!

Assign!programs!that! feel!or!seem!effec;ve!

Deliver!programs!the! same!way!to!every! offender!

Risk!

Need!

Responsivity!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

Priori;ze!programs! addressing!the!needs! most!associated!with! recidivism! Deliver!programs!based! on!offender!learning! style,!mo;va;on,!and!/! or!circumstances! 38!


!

Not!all!Substance!Use!Disorders!are!Alike!

!

!

Abs;nence!

Dependence!

The Substance Use Disorder Continuum Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!!|!39!


!

Not!All!Mental!Illnesses!Are!Alike! Mental Illnesses In the General Population

Diagnosable mental disorders 16%

Serious mental disorders 5% Severe mental disorders 2.5%

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!!|!40!


! A!Framework!to!Improve!Behavioral!Health!Outcomes!AND! Reduce!Recidivism!

Low Criminogenic Risk

Medium to High Criminogenic Risk

(low)

(med/high)

Low Severity of Substance Abuse

Substance Dependence (med/high)

(low)

Low Severity of Mental Illness (low)

Serious Mental Illness

Serious Mental Illness

(med/high)

Low Severity of Mental Illness (low)

Group 1 I–L CR: low SA: low MI: low

Group 2 II – L CR: low SA: low MI: med/high

Group 3 III – L CR: low SA: med/high MI: low

Low Severity of Substance Abuse

Substance Dependence (med/high)

(low)

Serious Mental Illness

(med/high)

Low Severity of Mental Illness (low)

(med/high)

Low Severity of Mental Illness (low)

Group 4 IV – L CR: low SA: med/high MI: med/high

Group 5 I–H CR: med/high SA: low MI: low

Group 6 II – H CR: med/high SA: low MI: med/high

Group 7 III – H CR: med/high SA: med/high MI: low

Serious Mental Illness (med/high)

Group 8 IV – H CR: med/high SA: med/high MI: med/high

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!!|!41!


Presenta;on!Overview!

Jus;ce!Reinvestment!eorts!in!Connec;cut! have!blazed!a!trail!na;onally! Examining!where!Connec;cut!ďŹ ts!in!the! na;onal!and!regional!context!today! Opportuni;es!to!leverage!the!latest!science! to!further!improve!outcomes!in!Connec;cut!

Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

42!


To!receive!newsleders!and!other! announcements,!please!visit!our!website:! www.csgjus4cecenter.org/subscribe! ! ! Patrick!Armstrong! parmstrong@csg.org!

The presentation was developed by members of the Council of State Governments Justice Center staff. The statements made reflect the views of the authors, and should not be considered the official position of the Justice Center, the members of the Council of State Governments, or the funding agency supporting the work. Citations available for statistics presented in preceding slides available on CSG Justice Center web site.! Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!

43!


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