Joint&Informa,onal&Hearing,& Judiciary&and&Appropria,ons&Commi:ees& & !
April!22,!2014! ! Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center! ! ! Michael!Thompson,!Director! !
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center! • Na;onal!nonBprofit,!nonBpar;san!membership!associa;on!of! state!government!officials! ! • Engages!members!of!all!three!branches!of!state!government!! ! • Jus;ce!Center!provides!prac;cal,!nonpar;san!advice!informed! by!the!best!available!evidence! !
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Presenta;on!Overview!
Jus;ce!Reinvestment!eorts!in!Connec;cut! have!blazed!a!trail!na;onally! Examining!where!Connec;cut!ďŹ ts!in!the! na;onal!and!regional!context!today! Opportuni;es!to!leverage!the!latest!science! to!further!improve!outcomes!in!Connec;cut!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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2003:!!Connec;cut!policymakers!examine!runaway!growth!of! prison!popula;on!and!correc;ons!spending! Budget!Crisis! (2000B2001)!
20,000
17,529
18,000
17,514
16,000
“An!Act! Concerning!! Prison!Over! Crowding”! signed!into!law! (2004)!
14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000
18,710
8,976
6,000 4,000 2,000 0 1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Source:!OPM!2012!Prison!Popula;on!Forecast,!prison!popula;ons!annually!as!of!Feb.!1!B!h[p://www.ct.gov/opm/lib/opm/cjppd/cjresearch/popula;onforecast/2012_prison_popula;on_forecast_final.pdf!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Prison!Expenditure:!New!Haven!Neighborhoods!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Proba;oners,!Unemployment!Insurance!Claimants,!TFA! Recipients:!New!Haven!Neighborhoods!
UI Claimants
Probationers
TFA Recipients
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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2004:!!With!overwhelming!bipar;san!support,!Connec;cut! becomes!first!state!to!enact!Jus;ce!Reinvestment! !
Lawmakers!approve!plan!to!reduce!prison!popula4on! May!6,!2004!–!Associated!Press!! !
HARTFORD,!Conn.!BB!The!state!Senate!passed!a!plan!to!reduce!Connec;cut's!prison!
popula;on!Wednesday!night,!finishing!a!major!legisla;ve!priority!just!an!hour!before! the!session's!close.! Senators!praised!the!bill!as!an!effort!to!reduce!recidivism!and!a!way!to!avoid!building! more!prisons.!The!measure!passed!36B0!and!now!heads!to!Gov.!John!G.!Rowland's! desk.! "The!nature!of!this!is!to!address!what!we!all!understand!to!be!an!overwhelming! problem,"!said!Sen.!Andrew!McDonald,!DBStamford,!coBchairman!of!the!Judiciary! Commi[ee.!"I!think!it!also!represents!a!recogni;on!of!the!fact!that!we!will!never!be! able!to!build!our!way!out!of!a!criminal!jus;ce!issue. ! The!state's!prison!popula;on!B!around!19,000!B!is!about!2,000!more!than!state!facili;es! were!built!to!handle,!McDonald!said.!Advocates!of!the!legisla;on!said!it!could!reduce! the!prison!popula;on!by!up!to!2,000!inmates.! …!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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2004:!!With!overwhelming!bipar;san!support,!Connec;cut! becomes!ďŹ rst!state!to!enact!Jus;ce!Reinvestment! Connec4cut!Case!Study! Policy!Op4ons!
Bed! Cost!Savings! Savings! (in!millions)!
a.!!85!percent!release!restric;on!
843!
$15.4M!
b.!!Parolees!released,!on!average,!no!later!than!ďŹ ve!months!amer! their!parole!eligibility!date!
459!
$8.4M!
c.!!Reduce!proba;on!technical!viola;on!admissions,!on!average,! by!25!percent!
488!
$8.9M!
d.!Reduce,!on!average,!the!LOS!of!proba;on!technical!violators! by!three!months!
341!
$6.2M!
e.!!Release!short!term!sentenced!prisoners!amer!having!served! 50!percent!of!the!sentence!
279!
$5.1M!
f.!!Reduce!transi;onal!supervision/!community!and!parole! technical!viola;ons!
268!
$4.9M!
2,678!
$48.9M!
Totals! Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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2004:!!With!overwhelming!bipar;san!support,!Connec;cut! becomes!first!state!to!enact!Jus;ce!Reinvestment! Connec4cut!Case!Study!
The!Results:! • Inmates!housed!out!of!state!housed!returned!to! Connec;cut! • $14!million!reinvested,!much!of!it!in!programs! administered!by!the!Department!of!Mental!Health!/! Addic;on!Services! • Focus!on!interBagency!collabora;on,!improved! outcomes,!and!increased!accountability!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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CommunityBbased!reinvestment!targe;ng!New!Haven! neighborhoods!totals!$1!million,!but!not!a!gameBchanger!
“In!keeping!with!the!original!JRI!concept,!$1!million!was!earmarked!for!crea;on! of!pilot!projects!in!New!Haven!and!Harpord!to!aid!reBentry!for!parolees.!But! important!considera;ons!about!which!kinds!of!investments!might!best! improve!the!circumstances!of!people!returning!to!the!neighborhoods!so!vividly! mapped!in!“Building!Bridges”!received!scant!a[en;on.!Rather!than! concentra;ng!the!modest!resources!provided!for!employment!ini;a;ves! within!a!single!neighborhood!in!each!city!to!which!people!might!return!from! any!of!the!20!state!prisons,!the!pilot!projects!were!designed!to!provide! transi;onal!housing!for!a!few!hundred!people!released!to!any!part!of!the! target!ci;es!from!a!prison!nearby.”! ! BPage!25! !
Source:!h[p://sentencingproject.org/doc/publica;ons/sen_Char;ng%20a%20New%20Jus;ce%20Reinvestment.pdf!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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In!the!wake!of!key!events!in!the!last!decade,!Connec;cut’s! prison!popula;on!dropped!steadily!but!may!be!leveling!off! 19,894
20,000 19,000
19,107
18,710
18,000 17,000 16,000 15,000
Cheshire! Tragedy! (2007)!
An!Act! Concerning!! Prison!Over! Crowding!signed! into!law!(2004)!
Comprehensive! policy!changes! in!response!to! Cheshire! Tragedy! (2008B2009)!
16,490
14,000 13,000 12,000 11,000 10,000 2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014*
*!2014!data!as!of!most!recent!OPM!Daily!Total!Connec;cut!Correc;onal!Facility!Popula;on!Count!(April.!2013)!B!h[p://www.ct.gov/opm/cwp/view.asp?a=2967&q=487584!!! Source:!OPM!2012!Prison!Popula;on!Forecast,!prison!popula;ons!annually!as!of!Feb.!1!B!h[p://www.ct.gov/opm/lib/opm/cjppd/cjresearch/popula;onforecast/2012_prison_popula;on_forecast_final.pdf!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Connec;cut!had!one!of!the!largest!prison!growths!ten!years! ago!and!is!now!among!those!decreasing!most!rapidly! 15%!
ME! RI! CT! CT! CO! MN! WV! VT! VA! AZ! OR! MS! NM! TN! IA! PA! SC! MO! AL! UT! KS! AR! FL! SD! ID! MI! GA! KY! IN! NE! WY! WI! OK! NH! CA! MD! NC! OH! ND! TX! HI! LA! NY! NJ! MT! MA! DE! AK!
Prison!Popula;on!Percentage!Change,!2001>2002&
10%! 5%! 0%!
+8%!
B5%!
10%!
KY! ID! KS! SD! MS! WV! LA! DE! WY! TN! IN! AK! NE! UT! AL! MO! ND! MN! NH! MA! OR! PA! AZ! WI! MI! HI! VA! OH! GA! NM! ME! VT! FL! MT! RI! OK! TX! NY! MD! SC! NJ! IA! NC! CT!CT! AR! CO! CA!
Prison!Popula;on!Percentage!Change,!2010>2012&
5%! 0%! B5%! B10%!
L9%!
B15%! B20%!
Excludes!3!states!with!that!did!not!report!2012!data! Source:!BJS,!Prisoners!in!2002,!2011!and!Prisoners!in!2012B!!Advance!Counts.&
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Recidivism!rates,!measured!within!two!years!amer!release! from!prison,!decreased!! Recidivism!Rates:!2004,!2005,!and!2008!Prison!Release!Cohorts! 70%! 60%!
59!%!
56!%!
50%! 49!%!
ReturnBtoBprison!rate*! 2!percentage!points!
47!%!
40%!
ReBarrest!rate!!! 3!percentage!points!
30%! 20%! 10%! 0%! 2004!
2005!
2008!
*Return!to!prison!rate! Includes!technical!viola;ons,! new!oense!convic;on,!and! shortBterm!deten;ons.!!
Source:!CT!OPM!Criminal!Jus;ce!Policy!and!Planning,!h[p://www.ct.gov/opm/lib/opm/cjppd/cjresearch/recidivismstudy/2011_recidivism_report_ďŹ nal.pdf!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Between!2003!and!2012,!CT!crime,!arrest,!and!prison! popula;on!all!decreased! 120,000
4,000,000
100,000
3,500,000 3,000,000
80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0
2,500,000
Total! Index!Crimes! Down!17%!
1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
140,000
40,000 20,000 0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
20,000
100,000 60,000
0 25,000
120,000 80,000
Resident! Popula;on! Up!3%!
2,000,000
15,000
Total! Adult!Arrests! Down!15%!
Prison! Popula;on! Down!6%!
10,000 5,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Source:!OPM!CJPPD!“Trends!In!the!Criminal!Jus;ce!System�!presenta;on,!h[p://www.ct.gov/opm/lib/opm/cjppd/cjcjpac/judiciary_presenta;on_march_2014_rev7.pdf;!CT!Department!of!Health,!July!1! popula;on!es;mates!www.ct.gov/dph/cwp/view.asp?a=3132&q=388156;!and!OPM!2012!Prison!Popula;on!Forecast,!prison!popula;ons!annually!as!of!Feb.!1.&
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Over!last!decade,!percent!reduc;on!in!CT!prison!popula;on!! was!the!greatest!for!black!and!Hispanic!people!! 25,000!
Prison!Popula;on! Percent!Change! (2004!to!2014)!
20,000!
15,000!
10,000!
5,000!
Hispanic! White!
Hispanic!
B13!percent! !
White!!
B!1!percent!! !
Black!!
B!12!percent!! !
Total!Prison! Popula4on!!
L!9!percent! !
Black!!
0! 2004! 2005! 2006! 2007! 2008! 2009! 2010! 2011! 2012! 2013! 2014!
Source:!CT!OPM!Criminal!Jus;ce!Policy!and!Planning,!h[p://www.ct.gov/opm/lib/opm/cjppd/cjcjpac/judiciary_presenta;on_march_2014_rev7.pdf!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Other!states!have!followed!Connec;cut’s!lead! Ohio!(2011)!
North!Carolina!(2011)!
Pennsylvania!(2012)!
Hawaii!(2012)!
West!Virginia!(2013)!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
Kansas!(2013)!
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Applying!placeBbased!strategies:! Prison!admissions!hotspots!–!Arizona,!2004!
60%!of!the!State’s!prison!popula;on!comes!from! and!returns!to!the!PhoenixBMesa!metropolitan!area.!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Applying!placeBbased!strategies:! Prison!admissions!hotspots!–!Maricopa!County,!2004!
A!single!neighborhood!in!Phoenix!is! home!to!1%!of!the!state’s!total! popula;on!but!6.5%!of!the!state’s! prison!popula;on! South!Mountain!Zip!Code!85041!! Prison!Admissions!=!31.8!per!1000!adults! Jail!Bookings!=!96.5!per!1000!adults! Proba;on!=!25.1!per!1000!adults!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Applying!placeBbased!strategies:! Prison!expenditures!in!dollars!–!Maricopa!County,!2004! North Mountain
Alhambra
Glendale
Encanto Camelback East Maryvale
Estrella
Central City
$1.1!Million! $1.8!Million! Laveen
South Mountain
$1.6!Million!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
Within!high!expenditure! neighborhoods!there!are! numerous,!smaller!area,! million!dollar!block!groups!
19!
Applying!placeBbased!strategies:! High!density!of!proba;oners!in!South!Phoenix!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Federal!ac;on!following!Connec;cut’s!lead! President!Obama’s!Jus4ce!Funding!Highlights!(in!millions)!
Sen.!John! Cornyn!(TX)!
Sen.!Patrick! Leahy!(VT)!
Sen.!Sheldon! Whitehouse!(RI)!
Legisla4on! Sponsors:!
Source:!!h[p://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2014/assets/jus;ce.pdf)!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Na;onal!conserva;ve!leaders!leading!the!charge!for!! more!effec;ve!criminal!jus;ce!policy!
“We!are!not!a!som!on!crime!state,!but!I!hope!we!get!the!reputa;on! of!a!smart!on!crime!state.!We!shut!a!prison!down!last!year.! !
You!want!to!talk!about!real!conserva;ve!governance,! shut!a!prison!down.”! ! Governor!Rick!Perry!(RLTX)! Photo!source:!www.washingtonpost.com/poli;cs/conserva;vesBtryBtoBmakeBcriminalBjus;ceBreformBaBsignatureBissue/2014/03/07/4b006368Ba626B11e3B84d4Be59b1709222c_story.html! Logo!source:!www.rightoncrime.com!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Presenta;on!Overview!
Jus;ce!Reinvestment!eorts!in!Connec;cut! have!blazed!a!trail!na;onally! Examining!where!Connec;cut!ďŹ ts!in!the! na;onal!and!regional!context!today! Opportuni;es!to!leverage!the!latest!science! to!further!improve!outcomes!in!Connec;cut!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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TwoBthirds!of!U.S.!states!have!a!higher! total!incarcera;on!rate!than!Connec;cut! 2012!Incarcera4on!Rate! (Sentenced!prisoners!per!100,000!popula4on)!
U.S.!Total! Incarcera4on!Rate! 480!
Source:!BJS,!Prisoners&in&2012&–&Advance&Counts.&
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Connec;cut’s!total!index!crime!rate!is!the! seventh!lowest!in!the!country! 2012!Index!Crime!Rate! (Index!crimes!per!100,000!popula4on)!
U.S.!Total! Index!Crime! Rate! 3,246!
Source:!FBI,!Crime&in&the&U.S.&2012.&
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Correc;ons!spending!is!up!in!the!last!decade! but!down!slightly!in!recent!years! DOC!General!Revenue!Expenditures!(in!millions)& 800.0!
691.1! 710.1!
700.0! 600.0! 552.7! 573.8!
600.6!
627.7!
666.9! 676.0! 671.3!
635.5!
500.0! 400.0! 300.0! 200.0! 100.0! 0.0! 2004! 2005! 2006! 2007! 2008! 2009! 2010! 2011! 2012! 2013!
State!spending!on! correc;ons!is!up!15%!from! 2004,!but!down!11%!since! peaking!in!2009! Connec;cut!was!among!only! 17!states!that!showed!a! decrease!in!state!fund! correc;ons!spending!from! 2011!to!2012! ! Na;onally,!general!revenue! expenditures!are!unchanged! from!2009!to!2013!
Source:!h[p://www.ct.gov/doc/cwp/view.asp?a=1505&q=265586! Na;onal!Associa;on!of!State!Budget!OďŹƒcers,&2009&and&2011>2013&State&Expenditure&Reports&
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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In!the!Northeast,!Connec;cut!ranks!among!the!lowest!in! crime!rate,!but!among!the!highest!in!incarcera;on!rate! Total!Index! Incarcera4on! Proba4on! Crime!Rate! Rate! Rate! Connec;cut!
2,423!
333!
1,700!
7th!
2nd!
3rd!
Massachuse[s!
2,559!
199!
1,303!
Maine!
2,633!
145!
652!
New!Hampshire!
2,512!
211!
390!
New!Jersey!
2,337!
261!
1,673!
New!York!
2,329!
276!
701!
Pennsylvania!
2,515!
398!
1,768!
Rhode!Island!
2,825!
190!
2,848!
Vermont!
2,541!
242!
1,184!
Connec;cut’s!Rank!
(Among!9!Northeastern!states)!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Prison!Incarcera;on!Rate!per!100,000!Residents!
Comparison!to!some!northeastern!states!shows! room!for!improvement! 400! ! ! ! 300! ! ! ! 200! ! ! ! 100! ! ! ! !!0! ! !!0
PA!
PA!has!both!a!higher! incarcera;on!and! crime!rate!
CT! NY! NJ! NH!
!!500
!!1,000
!!1,500
!!2,000
VT! MA! RI! ME!
!!!2,500
NY!and!NJ!have!both! lower!incarcera;on! and!crime!rates!! Other!northeastern! states!have!lower! incarcera;on!and! higher!crime!rates!
!!!3,000!
Index!Crime!Rate!per!100,000!Residents!
Source:!BJS,!Prisoners&in&2012&and!FBI,!Crime&in&the&U.S.&2012.&
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Yes,!recidivism!rates!are!down,!but!could!they!be!decreased! further?!! Recidivism!Rates:!2004,!2005,!and!2008!Prison!Release!Cohorts! 70%! 60%!
59!%!
56!%!
50%! 49!%!
ReturnBtoBprison!rate*! 2!percentage!points!
47!%!
40%!
ReBarrest!rate!!! 3!percentage!points!
30%! 20%! 10%! 0%! 2004!
2005!
2008!
*Return!to!prison!rate! Includes!technical!viola;ons,! new!oense!convic;on,!and! shortBterm!deten;ons.!!
Source:!CT!OPM!Criminal!Jus;ce!Policy!and!Planning,!h[p://www.ct.gov/opm/lib/opm/cjppd/cjresearch/recidivismstudy/2011_recidivism_report_ďŹ nal.pdf!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Are!there!opportuni;es!to!decrease!the!length!of!stay!for! dierent!categories!of!your!pretrial!detainee!popula;on?! 25,000!
20,000!
20!%!
Pretrial!
22!%!
78!%!
Sentenced!
75%!
2!%!
Other!
15,000!
10,000!
5,000!
0!
2008!
Pretrial!propor;on!of! the!total!prison! popula;on!is!up! slightly!as!the! sentenced!popula;on! has!decreased!
3!%! 2013!
Source:!OPM!Monthly!Indicators!Reports,!December!1,!2013!and!2008.&
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Presenta;on!Overview!
Jus;ce!Reinvestment!eorts!in!Connec;cut! have!blazed!a!trail!na;onally! Examining!where!Connec;cut!ďŹ ts!in!the! na;onal!and!regional!context!today! Opportuni;es!to!leverage!the!latest!science! to!further!improve!outcomes!in!Connec;cut!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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Funding!and!partners!
Justice(Reinvestment( !!
a"data%driven"approach"to"reduce"corrections"spending" and"reinvest"savings"in"strategies"that"can" decrease"recidivism"and"increase"public"safety."
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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1.!Focus!on! individuals!most! likely!to!reoffend!
!
Iden;fy!and!Focus!on!HigherBRisk!Offenders!
Who?% Without!Risk!Assessment…!
With!Risk!Assessment…!
Risk of Re-offending HIGH! MODERATE! LOW! 70%! 35%! 10%! reLarrested! reLarrested! reLarrested! Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!!|!34!
PROGRAM L
-0.6 PROGRAM ZZ
PROGAM LL
PROGRAM CC
PROGRAM X
PROGRAM CCC
PROGRAM C
PROGRAM JJ
PROGRAM N
PROGRAM A
PROGRAM S
PROGRAM I
PROGRAM BB
PROGRAM PP
PROGRAM UU
PROGRAM P
PROGRAM BBB
PROGRAM K
PROGRAM HHH
PROGRAM B
PROGRAM III
PROGRAM YY
PROGRAM RR
PROGRAM MM
PROGRAM AA
PROGRAM Q
PROGRAM O
PROGRAM J
PROGRAM G
PROGRAM F
PROGRAM NN
PROGRAM FFF
PROGRAM E
PROGRAM TT
PROGRAM VV
PROGRAM KK
PROGRAM GG
PROGRAM T
PROGRAM QQ
PROGRAM HH
PROGRAM Z
PROGRAM V
PROGRAM KKK
PROGRAM JJJ
PROGRAM DDD
PROGRAM DD
PROGRAM XX
PROGRAM GGG
PROGRAM OO
PROGRAM III
PROGRAM H
PROGRAM SS
PROGRAM U
PROGRAM EEE
PROGRAM AAA
PROGRAM W
PROGRAM WW
PROGRAM D
PROGRAM FF
PROGRAM R
PROGRAM Y
PROGRAM EE
PROGRAM M
Felony Reconviction for LOW Risk 0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
Felony Reconviction for HIGH Risk 0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
PROGRAM EE
PROGRAM FF PROGRAM L PROGRAM FFF PROGRAM N PROGRAM III
PROGRAM GG
PROGRAM P
PROGRAM III
PROGRAM F
PROGRAM D PROGRAM O PROGRAM U PROGRAM B
PROGRAM X PROGRAM XX PROGAM LL
PROGRAM EEE PROGRAM HH PROGRAM SS PROGRAM A
PROGRAM MM PROGRAM DD PROGRAM K
PROGRAM HHH PROGRAM G PROGRAM Q PROGRAM KKK PROGRAM BB
PROGRAM TT PROGRAM CC PROGRAM QQ PROGRAM WW
PROGRAM J PROGRAM JJJ PROGRAM YY PROGRAM V
PROGRAM OO
PROGRAM M
PROGRAM VV
PROGRAM Z
PROGRAM DDD
PROGRAM KK
PROGRAM GGG PROGRAM UU PROGRAM T
PROGRAM AA PROGRAM BBB PROGRAM H PROGRAM AAA PROGRAM Y
PROGRAM JJ
PROGRAM ZZ
PROGRAM W PROGRAM NN PROGRAM S
PROGRAM I
PROGRAM E
PROGRAM CCC PROGRAM C PROGRAM RR
PROGRAM PP
-0.3
1.!Focus!on! individuals!most! likely!to!reoffend! Low!Risk!
3
+!! !%!
!
Iden;fy!and!Focus!on!HigherBRisk!Offenders! Average Difference in Recidivism by Risk for Halfway House Offenders Moderate! Risk!
High! Risk!
6
L! !%!
L!
14!%!
• Adopted!a!common!set!of!risk!assessment! instruments!across!the!state’s!criminal!jus;ce! system.! • Ensured!that!program!placement!is!driven!by! risk!assessment!score.! *Presentation by Latessa, “What Works and What Doesn’t in Reducing Recidivism: Applying the Principles of Effective Intervention to Offender Reentry”
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!!|!37!
Knowledge!on!effec;ve!supervision!has!increased! drama;cally!over!the!last!20!years! Tradi;onal!Approach!!
EvidenceBBased! Prac;ces!
Supervise!everyone!! the!same!way!!
Assess!risk!of!recidivism! and!focus!supervision!on! the!highestBrisk! offenders!
Assign!programs!that! feel!or!seem!effec;ve!
Deliver!programs!the! same!way!to!every! offender!
Risk!
Need!
Responsivity!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
Priori;ze!programs! addressing!the!needs! most!associated!with! recidivism! Deliver!programs!based! on!offender!learning! style,!mo;va;on,!and!/! or!circumstances! 38!
!
Not!all!Substance!Use!Disorders!are!Alike!
!
!
Abs;nence!
Dependence!
The Substance Use Disorder Continuum Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!!|!39!
!
Not!All!Mental!Illnesses!Are!Alike! Mental Illnesses In the General Population
Diagnosable mental disorders 16%
Serious mental disorders 5% Severe mental disorders 2.5%
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!!|!40!
! A!Framework!to!Improve!Behavioral!Health!Outcomes!AND! Reduce!Recidivism!
Low Criminogenic Risk
Medium to High Criminogenic Risk
(low)
(med/high)
Low Severity of Substance Abuse
Substance Dependence (med/high)
(low)
Low Severity of Mental Illness (low)
Serious Mental Illness
Serious Mental Illness
(med/high)
Low Severity of Mental Illness (low)
Group 1 I–L CR: low SA: low MI: low
Group 2 II – L CR: low SA: low MI: med/high
Group 3 III – L CR: low SA: med/high MI: low
Low Severity of Substance Abuse
Substance Dependence (med/high)
(low)
Serious Mental Illness
(med/high)
Low Severity of Mental Illness (low)
(med/high)
Low Severity of Mental Illness (low)
Group 4 IV – L CR: low SA: med/high MI: med/high
Group 5 I–H CR: med/high SA: low MI: low
Group 6 II – H CR: med/high SA: low MI: med/high
Group 7 III – H CR: med/high SA: med/high MI: low
Serious Mental Illness (med/high)
Group 8 IV – H CR: med/high SA: med/high MI: med/high
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!!|!41!
Presenta;on!Overview!
Jus;ce!Reinvestment!eorts!in!Connec;cut! have!blazed!a!trail!na;onally! Examining!where!Connec;cut!ďŹ ts!in!the! na;onal!and!regional!context!today! Opportuni;es!to!leverage!the!latest!science! to!further!improve!outcomes!in!Connec;cut!
Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
42!
To!receive!newsleders!and!other! announcements,!please!visit!our!website:! www.csgjus4cecenter.org/subscribe! ! ! Patrick!Armstrong! parmstrong@csg.org!
The presentation was developed by members of the Council of State Governments Justice Center staff. The statements made reflect the views of the authors, and should not be considered the official position of the Justice Center, the members of the Council of State Governments, or the funding agency supporting the work. Citations available for statistics presented in preceding slides available on CSG Justice Center web site.! Council!of!State!Governments!Jus;ce!Center!
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