Maribrynong Waterfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023 -33 by Cyrus Chung

Maribyrnong Waterfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023 -33 ABPL90131 Strategic Plan Making

Pak Hei Cyrus Chung (ID: 1392927)

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33

Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 1 Vision ............................................................................................................................. 2 Strategic Goals ............................................................................................................ 2 Site Context – Data and Evidence ............................................................................ 3 Policy Alignment – Federal and State Government Level .................................... 8 Policy Alignment: Local Government Level ............................................................ 9 Community Engagement Strategy and Outcome ............................................... 10 Specific Actions ......................................................................................................... 11 Action 1.1 – Improve footpath network and quality ...............................................................11 Action 1.2 – Deliver more road crossing and refuge islands ..................................................11 Action 1.3 – New pedestrian access to increase permeability through large urban blocks .......................................................................................................................................................11 Action 1.4 – Implement building ground frontage control ....................................................12 Action 2.1- Deliver high-quality separated/ protected bike lanes .......................................14 Action 2.2 - Connect the local cycling network with the strategic cycling corridors ........14 Goal 3.1- Integrate cycling facilities with public transport.....................................................16 Goal 3.2- Improve public space lighting and public service facilities along the Maribyrnong River........................................................................................................................17 Goal 3.3 – Deliver more bike racks and cycling facilities at key locations and private properties ......................................................................................................................................17

Implementation Plan ................................................................................................ 18 Monitoring and Evaluation ....................................................................................... 20 References ................................................................................................................. 22

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33

Executive Summary The strategic plan envisions a transformed Maribyrnong Waterfront into a safe, walkable, and cycle-friendly community by 2033. Collaborating with key stakeholders, the City of Melbourne proposes targeted actions. For pedestrians, footpaths will be enhanced, road crossings improved, and permeability through large urban blocks increased. Cyclists will benefit from high-quality bike lanes and a connected network. The implementation will also see an improvement in accessibility to the Maribyrnong Waterfront. Further actions will see integration with public transport, improved lighting, and additional amenities along the riverfront will enhance overall accessibility. Implementation spans short to long term, ensuring a phased, comprehensive approach. Regular monitoring and evaluation, guided by well-defined indicators, will measure progress and the desired outcomes.

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33

Vision The strategy presents a vision to create a safe and comfortable walking and bike riding experience in the Maribyrnong Waterfront, enabling better accessibility from the surrounding neighbourhoods. By 2033, the neighbourhood will be easily accessed by active transport. The strategic goals address Maribyrnong Waterfront region’s active transport challenges and opportunities at a precinct scale, considering the role and function of the precinct, as well as aligning with council goals.

Strategic Goals 1. A safe and walkable neighbourhood Create a walkable and pedestrian-friendly neighbourhood in Maribyrnong Waterfront.

2. Safe street for cycling Establish a cycling network and connect the existing strategic cycling corridors to ensure a safe and efficient cycling experience in Maribyrnong Waterfront.

3. Focus infrastructure investments at key regions, riverfront and public transport nodes Focus on the delivery of the infrastructure for pedestrians and cyclists at key regions including the adjacent Kensington residential area, the Maribyrnong River and South Kensington Station.

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33

Site Context – Data and Evidence Overview It was concluded in Maribyrnong River A Way Forward that the area has large block sizes and wide streets, dominated by cars and trucks creating an unsafe environment for people walking and cycling. The following analysis provides a more in-depth look at the challenges and opportunities. Existing Conditions

Car parking as a barrier on share path

Gated fence unfriendly to people with disabilities and bikes No dedicated bike lane on Children Street

Disconnected footpath and limited pedestrian facilities on Hobsons Road

Kensington

There are only 3 river crossing bridges that allow walking and cycling South Kensington Station

Bike lanes on Kensington Road are not separated from traffic

No public space lighting along Maribyrnong River share path

Strategic Cycling Corridor on Dynon has high quality separated bike lane. E-scooter are seen parked informally

FIGURE 1- E XISTING CONDITIONS

No cycling infrastructure on Sims Street

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33 Resident Travel Patterns

Kensington population's method of travel to work Walk only Bicycle Train Car, as driver/ pax 0%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

FIGURE 2 - KENSINGTON POPULATION 'S METHOD OF TRAVEL TO WORK Note: Adapted from [Kensington (Vic.) Latest release 2021 Census All persons QuickStats] by ABS, 2021 (Retrieved 30 Oct, 2023 from https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL21327). Copyright 2021 by ABS.

FIGURE 3 - PERCENTAGE OF WORKERS R IDING Note: Adapted from [Percent of workers riding] by SGS, 2016 (Retrieved 30 Oct, 2023 from https://sgsep.com.au/maps/thirdspace/australia-increased-bicycle-ridership/). Copyright 2016 by SGS.

Figure 2 shows the method of travel to work Kensington suggests although car travel is the dominant, cycling is also one of the major travel methods to work. Figure 3 shows the percentage of workers riding to work revealing that Kensington has a relatively high percentage of people cycling to work, however, the share starts to decrease surrounding the Maribyrnong Waterfront area. There is a gap of workers riding between the Melbourne CBD and Footscray.

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33 Walkability Analysis

Figure 4 shows the 400m and 800m walking catchments from South Kensington Station and Footscray Station. Only a very small part of the Maribyrnong Waterfront is within 800m walking distance, this shows that the walkability and access to Maribyrnong Waterfront is poor as there are limited footpath network connections. Large blocks in the industrial area in Maribyrnong Waterfront further contribute to the poor walkability, Figure 5 shows how well each property is connected to other areas via the walking network based on walking time. A large area in Maribyrnong Waterfront suffers from a coarse walking network and land use pattern, this leads to poor permeability, meaning that the level of public access through urban morphology is low.

FIGURE 5 - PEDESTRIAN A CCESSIBILITY P ROVIDED BY THE WALKING N ETWORK

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33 Cyclability Analysis

FIGURE 6. E XISTING P RINCIPAL B ICYCLE N ETWORKS Note: Adapted from [VicPlan] by DTP (Retrieved 30 Oct, 2023 from https://mapshare.vic.gov.au/vicplan). Copyright by DTP.

Figure 6 shows the existing principal bicycle networks in Maribyrnong Waterfront and surrounding Kensington residential neighbourhood. The are not many cycling lanes in the pink highlighted area in Kensington. Cycling lane conditions also vary from poor to good quality in Maribyrnong Waterfront. Figures 7, 8, 9,10 show the street layout in Maribyrnong Waterfront, note that cycling infrastructure in Sims Street and Children Street is particularly poor, while Dynon Road has high-quality cycling lanes.

FIGURE 8- E XISTING CHILDREN S TREET R OAD S ECTIONS

FIGURE 7 – E XISTING KENSINGTON R OAD S ECTIONS

FIGURE 9 – E XISTING S IMS S TREET S ECTIONS

FIGURE 10 – E XISTING DYNON R OAD S ECTIONS

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33 The City of Melbourne engages with the cycling community twice yearly, with community stakeholders Bicycle Network Victoria and the Melbourne Bicycle Users Group. Figure 11 shows the contribution from the community, providing information on the issues/ ideas people faced when riding a bike in Melbourne. In Maribyrnong Waterfront, there are multiple issue spots located on Dynon Road, Children Street and Hobsons Road.

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33

Policy Alignment – Federal and State Government Level Federal Government

Australia Infrastrucutre Plan 2021

Walking, Riding and Access to Public Transport 2013

Encourage more sustainable and lower transport modes which include walking and cycling. Prioritising minor ‘missing link’ projects that upgrade walking and cycling networks and improve the accessibility and amenity of public transport interchanges.

Recognise walking and riding are fundamental everyday modes of transport and are a vital component of Australia’s transport system.

Victorian State Government Recognise active transport modes must increase.

Plan Melbourne 2017-2050

Vision the number, frequency and diversity of cycling transport, by investing in safer, better connected network, strategic cycling corridors and more inclusive

Victorian Cycling Strategy 2018-28

Create a city of 20-minute neighbourhoods that has a safe, accessible and well connected for pedestrians and cyclists

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33

Policy Alignment: Local Government Level City of Melboure

Council Plan 2021-25 Advocate for and deliver integrated high-quality public and active transport in urban renewal areas is considered as a major initiative.

Transport Strategy 2030

Climate Change Mitigation Strategy to 2050

Maribrynong Waterfront - A Way Forward

Strategic outcomes include safe street for people and bike riding.

Priority actions include zero emission transport, prioritising active transport development by reallocating road space for walking and cycling.

A strategic planning document summarises key findings and future opportunities for the area, which includes transport and access as the key theme.

Bicycle Plan 2016-2020

Active Transport Strategy for the Maribrynong Riverfront

Walking Plan 2014-2017

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33

Community Engagement Strategy and Outcome The city of Melbourne has engaged with Traditional Owner groups, Victorian Government departments and agencies, local land owners and businesses to introduce the project of developing Maribyrnong Waterfront and provide the opportunity to give insight into the area (City of Melbourne, 2020). Local community meeting was organised (Kensington Association, 2020), Strategic Planner with City of Melbourne was invited to introduce the strategic report to the local community. It is noted that the community have the following concerns: -

Integration with Metro Tunnel Project at South Kensington Station. The lack of the connection of bike paths from Dynon Road to the Maribyrnong River. Future upgrades to South Kensington Station should be considered

Further engagement will seek to know how people want to access the Maribyrnong Waterfront. The target consultation group will not only be the local community but the entire City of Melbourne region, Melbourne Cycling Communities and various stakeholders that would like to see improved accessibility to the Maribyrnong Waterfront. The engagement process will adopt the IAP2 framework to design the events (International Association for Public Participation, 2018), including surveys, community pop up and council meetings. The process will not only inform the participant but also allow room for citizen collaboration and empowerment through inputs at the engagement events. The final strategy will be updated to reflect the key issues and feedback received.

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33

Specific Actions Goal 1: A safe and walkable neighbourhood Action 1.1 – Improve footpath network and quality Improving footpath network and connectivity is important as there are more direct routes to the destination, shortening the distance to the destination. The connectivity of footpath network has a positive association with walking (Saelens & Handy, 2008). Footpath network analysis can be used to inform the walkability of a neighbourhood (Ellis et al., 2016). The footpath quality can be referred to the conditions and characteristics such as width, pavement and barriers that make it physically possible to walk. It was identified that the quality of footpath is a key factor affecting pedestrian willingness to walk (Distefano et al., 2023). The footpath connectivity and quality vary along the Maribyrnong Waterfront, poor quality and connectivity can be noted along areas adjacent to the Flemington Racecourse, along Hobsons road where the path is shared with cars and car parking is the barrier on the footpath. Footpath connectivity is poor to connect Sims Street, Dynon Road and Kensington Road, making it hard to walk between destinations along these areas. Continuous and unobstructed footpath with sufficient width of at least 1.8m - 2m will be delivered in these areas, footpaths that are unpaved, uneven, obstructed, or disincentivise walking will be upgraded (Global Designing Cities Initiative et al., 2015).

Action 1.2 – Deliver more road crossing and refuge islands Safe and frequent pedestrian crossings can support a walkable environment and refuge islands can reduce the crossing distance, making it easier to cross multiple lanes of traffic (Global Designing Cities Initiative et al., 2015). Dangerous street crossing conditions are identified to be the top barriers for pedestrians, crossing signals can encourage walking (Lee & Moudon, 2008). Existing pedestrian crossings in the neighbourhood are only available at road intersections on Kensington Road, Dynon Road and Children Street. More crossings will be delivered on these streets and Sims Street at no more than 200m intervals, crossing will also be provided at all corners at road intersections (Global Designing Cities Initiative et al., 2015).

Action 1.3 – New pedestrian access to increase permeability through large urban blocks Permeability is the level of public access through urban morphology, and the amount of access network determines the level of pedestrian flows (Dovey & Pafka, 2020). It is suggested that urban block with good permeability should have a length between 60m and 90m with a maximum of 120m (Jacobs, 1961; Whyte, 1990). The urban blocks along Kensington Road, Dynon Road and Sims Street have poor permeability. Planning Scheme Amendment C221 introduced DPO13 which requires direct pedestrian and cycle access between Kensington Road and Maribyrnong River of at least 100 meters. Amendment C221 only applies to part of the land along

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33 Kensington Road. This requirement will be implemented into the rest of the urban block in the Maribyrnong Waterfront.

FIGURE 12 - MAP OF MARIBYRNONG RIVER INTERFACE BETWEEN H OBSONS R OAD AND DYNON ROAD Note: Adapted from [Maribyrnong Waterfront: A Way Forward] by City of Melbourne, 2020. Copyright 2020 by City of Melbourne.

Action 1.4 – Implement building ground frontage control Existing buildings and urban structures are mostly industrial use, majority have Impermeable and blank ground frontages. Pedestrian is isolated from the use and activities, this discourages the interaction between the public and private realm (Whyte, 1990). Street-level frontage should be designed to support visual extension of ground-level uses into the public realm (Global Designing Cities Initiative et al., 2015), this can be achieved by implementing active or flexible porosity frontages at the ground level (McAllister, 2021) Jacobs (1961) also point out that enhancing the visual connection can improve public safety by enabling passive surveillance. Future planning scheme amendments will implement building ground frontage control to the properties when they are redeveloped across Maribyrnong Waterfront. Priorities should be given to the properties along Maribyrnong River, Kensington Road and Sims Street.

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33

FIGURE 13 - EXISTING B LANK FRONTAGE ON CHILDREN STREET

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33

Goal 2: Safe streets for cycling Action 2.1- Deliver high-quality separated/ protected bike lanes Many studies have revealed that cyclists do not feel safe riding alongside vehicle traffic (Akar & Clifton, 2009; Wang et al., 2014). Separated/ Protected bike lanes and design at local streets, mid-block sections on arterial roads and intersections are considered best practices to ensure cyclist safety from traffic (Docker & Johnson, 2018). Existing conditions vary across Maribyrnong Waterfront, all local roads do not have physical barriers separating cycle lanes except Dynon Road which is a strategic cycling corridor. Kensington Road and Hobsons Road both have clearly marked cycling lanes; Children Street has cycling marking only but no cycling lane in which cyclist share the same path with vehicles; Sims Street do not have any infrastructure support for cycling. High-quality separated/ protected bike lanes will be delivered across Maribyrnong Waterfront to ensure cycling is safe and attractive. Short term upgrades will be given to Children Street and Sims Street to include cycling lanes, long term upgrades will see separated/ protected bike lanes at all streets.

Action 2.2 - Connect the local cycling network with the strategic cycling corridors Well connected cycling network the continuity of the route is the backbone of a successful cycling program (Akar & Clifton, 2009; Dill & Voros, 2007). Enhanced cycling networks can also increase walking activities, creating a positive impact on both cyclists and pedestrians mobility (Zhou et al., 2020). The Victorian Government have been prioritising investment in strategic cycling corridors (SCC), VicRoads and local councils have invested in high-quality cycling infrastructure (ie. designed to maximise cyclist separation) on these cycling corridors to link up important destinations (Victorian State Government Department of Transport and Planning, 2017).

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33

Proposed Strategic Cycling Corridor

Focus area of cycling lanes upgrades

FIGURE 16- S TRATEGIC CYCLING CORRIDORS IN MARIBYRNONG WATERFRONT AND S URROUNDING Note: Adapted from [Strategic Cycling Corridors] by DTP (Retrieved 30 Oct, 2023 from https://dtp.vic.gov.au/getting-around/walking-and-cycling/strategic-cycling-corridors). Copyright by DTP.

A new municipal bicycle network will connect the gaps between the existing 2 SCC in Maribyrnong Waterfront: One crossing Maribyrnong River connecting Kensington and Maribyrnong River Trail; and another along Dynon Road connecting the Footscray and Melbourne CBD. A new cycleway will be built between the Maribyrnong River share path and Kensington Road. Cycling infrastructure upgrades will be provided on the cycling lanes on Kensington Road to better link up with the SCC. The filled gap between the local bicycle network and SCC can encourage more cycling trips to and from Maribyrnong Waterfront and provide more cycling route options for residents in Kensington. To realise the opportunity to improve connections between the Maribyrnong River and the Arden Precinct as noted in the Maribyrnong Waterfront A Way Forward, a new SCC will be built along Children Street and Arden Street. The new SCC will be able to connect Arden Precinct with Maribyrnong Waterfront share path and Kensington Road, as well as South Kensington Station.

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33

Goal 3: Focus infrastructure investments at key regions, riverfront and public transport nodes Goal 3.1- Integrate cycling facilities with public transport Integrating cycling with public transport can encourage cycling trips, successful policies to promote bike and ride include secure and extensive bike parking facilities and rental bikes at train stations (Pucher & Buehler, 2008; Wang et al., 2014). The integration can be the form of a dockless bike-sharing system, is also able to solve the ‘last-mile problem’ between train station and home, (Chu et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2019). The Victorian Government has identified the need for the state and local councils to integrate cycling and public transport, coordinating investments in improving SCC to train stations (Victorian State Government Department of Transport and Planning, 2017). South Kensington Station is a key transportation node within an 800m walk catchment from Maribyrnong Waterfront, the station is also the final stop for the future Metro Tunnel Line. The station has a crucial role in integrating bike and ride. Currently, there are a limited number of bike racks installed at the station, short term upgrades will see the delivery of an increased number of bike-sharing facilities; secure bike parking and bike repair facilities.

FIGURE 17- S ECURE B ICYCLE PARKING FACILITY : PARKITEER ( A PUBLIC TRANSPORT VICTORIA SERVICE OPERATED BY B ICYCLE N ETWORK) Note: Adapted from [Parkiteer] by Bicycle Network (Retrieved 30 Oct, 2023 from https://bicyclenetwork.com.au/our-services/Parkiteer). Copyright by Bicycle Network.

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33

Goal 3.2- Improve public space lighting and public service facilities along the Maribyrnong River Public space lighting can promote the feeling of safety, improve comfort and form neighbourhood identities (Wu, 2014). Improving the public space lighting on bike lanes and footpaths can encourage walking and cycling. The density of public service facilities such as public toilets, resting stops and cycling lanes have a positive influence on river waterfront vitality (Liu et al., 2021). Currently, there is no public space lighting infrastructure at the footpath along Maribyrnong River and Hobsons Road. Only a small amount of benches are installed on Hobsons Road. In the short term, temporary lighting facilities will be installed along the river trail and more benches will be installed. In the long term, a full installation of public space lighting infrastructure will be delivered and service facilities including public toilets and park facilities will be delivered.

Goal 3.3 – Deliver more bike racks and cycling facilities at key locations and private properties Planning for cycling should be integrated with land use planning, developers must provide cycling infrastructure in residential and other new developments, such as bike parking and other end-of-trip facilities such as bike repair stations (Legare, 2010). A complete bicycle network should have an adequate amount of bicycle parking facilities(Akar & Clifton, 2009). Short term will see the delivery of more cycling facilities at key locations including South Kensington Station, JJ Holland Park, Riverside Park, share path along Maribyrnong River, Kensington Road, Dynon Road and Sims Street. In the long term, planning scheme amendment will require new properties to have built-in facilities.

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33

Implementation Plan Goal/Action

Participants/ partnership

Timeline

Goal 1. A safe and walkable neighbourhood 1.1 Improve footpath quality

City of Melbourne

Short term

VicRoads Victoria Walks 1.2 Deliver more road crossing and refuge islands

City of Melbourne VicRoads

Medium term

Victoria Walks RCAV 1.3 New pedestrian access to increase permeability through large urban blocks

City of Melbourne

1.4. Implement building ground frontage control

City of Melbourne

Long term

VPA Long term

Private Developers

Goal 2. Safe Street for Cyclists 2.1 Deliver high-quality separated/ protected bike lanes

City of Melbourne VicRoads

Medium term

Victorian Government Bicycle Network Victoria Melbourne Bicycle Users Group (MBUG) 2.2 Connect the local cycling network with the strategic cycling corridors

City of Melbourne VicRoads Victorian Government Bicycle Network Victoria Melbourne Bicycle Users Group (MBUG)

Long term

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33 Goal 3. Focus investments around key destination, riverfront and public transport nodes 3.1 Integrate cycling facilities with public transport

City of Melbourne

Short term

PTV Share Bike/ E scooter Provider

3.2 Improve public space lighting and public service facilities along the Maribyrnong River

City of Melbourne Victoria Walks

Medium term

Victorian Government 3.3 Deliver more bike racks and cycling facilities at key locations and private properties

City of Melbourne

Long term

PTV Parks Victoria Private Developers

*Timeline broken into 3 time frames: short term (0 to 3 years), medium term (4 to 7 years) and long term (8 to 10 years)

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33

Monitoring and Evaluation To monitor the actions implementation, an evaluation process should be established to assess whether the outcome of the actions is optimal (Guyadeen et al., 2019). Actions will be evaluated every 2 years on delivery progress, indicators will be chosen to be geographically consistent, evident-based and linked to the actions (Lowe et al., 2015). Goal/Action

Indicators

Goal 1. A safe and walkable neighbourhood 1.1 Improve footpath quality

- Number of footpath upgrades - Number of people walking - % of children walking to school

1.2 Deliver more road crossing and refuge islands

- Number of pedestrian crossing facilities installed - % of pedestrian fatalities and injury

1.3 New pedestrian access to increase permeability through large urban blocks

- New pedestrian access implementation process - Number of people walking - % of children walking to school

1.4. Implement building ground frontage control

- Planning scheme amendment process - Number of private properties implemented ground frontage control

Goal 2. Safe Street for Cyclists 2.1 Deliver high-quality separated/ protected bike lanes

- Number of new bike lanes delivered - Number of upgraded bike lanes delivered - Number of people riding their bike - Number of people owning a bike

2.2 Connect the local cycling network with the strategic cycling corridors

- % of workers riding to work - % of children riding to school - % of people travelling by car - % of bike rider fatalities and injury - The perception of cycling safety

- Number of secure bike parking facilities built in South Kensington Station - Number of shared bike/e-scooter usage at PTV stations - % of bike and ride trips

3.2 Improve public space lighting and public service facilities along the Maribyrnong River

- Number of lighting facilities delivered - The perception of feeling safe walking at night - Number of public service facilities delivered - Number of people visiting Maribyrnong River open space

3.3 Deliver more bike racks and cycling facilities at key locations and private properties

- Number of cycling facilities delivered at key location - Planning scheme amendment process - Number of cycling facilities in private properties

Maribyrnong Riverfront Walking and Cycling Strategy 2023-33

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