A S M A D A U L E H C 7 1 5 6 1 6 7
CONTENTS The Brief Understating the Concern An Introduction to our Scheme
7
9
Research on Formby within the Sefton Coastline
11
Cartographies of Formby point Sand Dunes
35
Engineering Techniques Understanding our options
47
Models illustrating the Sand Dune Retreat across the chosen site
On-Site Strategy Farming Potential. Walkways. Tourist Facilities. Accommodation. The Proposal Pinewood Hotels
53 61 147
<< ASMA & FREDDIE STOOD IN FRONT OF NICOTINE CLIFFS.
5
THE BRIEF
Understanding the Concern
The coastline is a virtual line that is in constant fluctuation, this is a result of rising water levels, an increase in stormy weather and several other factors. All these factors will in-turn affect our living standards both nationally and globally. In the 2013 - 2014 winters we saw an increased rate of erosion across the country. 5 - 15years worth of erosion happened in merely one year. By 2050 and through coastal erosion it is predicted that a hundred of miles worth of coastal front will be lost, it is not only land that will be lost but over 15 million people across the UK will be affected by this change. This is where Fluctuating Archipelago comes in, during our study we aim to select and understand the coastal conditions, by implementing a multi-scalar approach we need to decide, develop and design ourselves through such conditions.
<< FORMBY BEACH AT LOW TIDE WITH SAND DUNES.
7
AN INTRODUCTION to our Scheme
“It is predicted with increasing confidence that climate change will lead to continued sea-level rise and increased Storminess which in turn accelerates the scale and pace of coastal change.” Phil Dyke National Trust
Coastal Squeeze is when coastal habitats that are trapped between a fixed landward boundary, such as a sea wall and rising sea levels. At Formby the beach is eroding back, the sand dunes are pushing back and eventually they will hit the hard-scaping of formby harming the infrastructure in place. This would require re-scaping of land use around the entire site over a prolonged period of time . We propose to redesign and into a new position over the Thus prolonging but also infrastructure and migrating the
“squeeze” Formby next 100 years. preserving the habitats inland.
<< CYCLIST AT PEAK OF FORMBY SAND DUNES.
9
RESEARCH ON FORMBY WITHIN THE SEFTON COASTLINE
11
AN OVERVIEW ON FORMBY
SOUTHPORT
Formby is a coastal town of 7 sq miles (17 km²) it has a population of approximately 25,000. As part of the Sefton coast it is bound on the west by the sea.
AINSDALE
The area is a conserved by the National Trust, and designated a site of Specific Scientific Interest. Formby is an area protected by extensive sand-hills, covered in creeping willows and marram grass. The land is strictly preserved, and only a few foot paths across the forbidden ground are open to the public. The sand-hills afford shelter from the sea winds to the three villages of Formby, Formby-bythe-Sea, and Fresh-field, which form one town. Situated on flat, sandy land, surrounded by fields intersected by ditches, where rye, wheat, potatoes and asparagus grow. Fishing for shrimps and raking the sands for cockles provide employment to some of the locals. The greater tion during attracted to particularly
area is a popular tourist destinathe summer months. Day trippers are its beaches, sand dunes and wildlife, the red squirrels and Natter-jack toads.
FORMBY RIVER ALT
IRISH SEA
CROSBY
SEFTON
ST HELENS
BOOTLE
WIRRAL
LIVERPOOL
RIVER MERSEY 13
COASTAL CHANGE OVER THE YEARS The coast is changing: always has and always will. This includes not only the physical change in the coast A series of satellite views illustrate the changes over the past half century that have occurred on the formby site.
N
1945
Dune toe position, heavy agricultural site use.
1945 DUNE TOE POSITION
1961
90m of coastline is lost due to coastal erosion.
1979
120m of coastline lost, Formby town infrastructure growth.
1989
Coastal drift of sediment - Formby “point” begins to shape up.
1997
Heavier erosion North of the site due to coastal drift.
2006
240m of coastline is lost due to coastal erosion.
MIGRATED DUNE TOE POSITION 15
COASTAL CHANGES PAST AND FUTURE Tides play an important morphophonemic role by shifting the operational zone of waves up and down the beach profile, determining the position and change of the dunes. The rise and fall of the tides causes temporal changes in the cross-shore transport direction at any location on the intertidal profile, this becomes more pronounced as tidal range increases.
N
SAND DUNE TOE POSITION OVER THE YEARS
EXTRAPOLATED COASTAL CHANGE AT FORMBY POINT 2025
CARAVAN SITE
1845
2035
VICT
2045
1906
2055
ORIA
CAR PARK
1892
1924
2065
1966
2075
PINE WOOD FOREST
2085 2095
TOBACCO DUMP
2105
RD.
SAND DUNES
FORMBY
FORMBY E LIF
B
RD. T OA CARAVAN SITE
A
A
X LE
R
E ND
.
RD
17
COASTAL ACTIVITY ACROSS THE SITE The town is built upon the west of a large flat area of land called the West Lancashire Coastal Plain. The town is 0.5 metres below sea level at its lowest point. Formbyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s highest point is within the ever changing sand dunes. The just
River Alt runs into south of Formby
the at
Irish Sea High-town.
N
PRESENT DAY COASTAL PROCESS
HUMAN ACTIONS AND INFLUENCES ON SEFTON COAST
SOUTHPORT
GRADUAL GROWTH OF SALT MARSH SEAWARDS. SINCE 1988 THE MARSH HAS MOVED 670M SEAWARDS.
SOUTHPORT
COAST WIDE INFLUENCES: -
MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES TOURISM LAND-USE OFFSHORE AGGREGATE EXTRACTION
CHANGES IN GEOMORPHOLOGY AS A RESULT OF NATURAL CAUSES AND HUMAN ACTIVITY
SOUTHPORT
ACCELERATED GROWTH OF SALT MARSH
AFFORESTATION BEGAN IN 1887.
RAPID GROWTH OF SALT MARSH SOUTHWARDS. SINCE 1992 THE MARSH HAS MOVED 1650M SOUTHWARDS.
GROWTH OF GREEN BEACH SINCE 1980’S.
SEDIMENT DRIFT
EROSION OF FORMBY POINT UP-TO 4.5M/YR SINCE 1900. SEDIMENT
FORMBY
SEDIMENT DRIFT
CAR PARKING ON BEACH SAND EXTRACTION FROM THE DUNES IN 1940’S.
NICOTINE WASTE TIPPING 1950’S.
PAST RESTORATION WORKS 1970’S.
FORMBY
RECREATION PRESSURE AT FORMBY POINT.
NICOTINE CLIFFS
ALT. TRAINING WALL BUILT 1936. HARD DEFENCES SEA WALL BUILT 1972. WIND BLOWN SAND
CROSBY
RUBBLE SEA DEFENCES TIPPED IN 1942.
FORMBY
EROSION
TAYLOR’S BANK EFFECTS THE WAVE REGIME OF FORMBY POINT.
DUMPING OF DREDGING FROM 1890’S.
SEDIMENT DRIFT
INFILLING OF THE FORMBY CHANNEL.
CROSBY
COASTAL EROSION DUE TO RIVER ALT MOVEMENT SINCE 1900. SAND DUNES FORMING IN FRONT OF SEA WALL.
CROSBY 19
CURRENT SITE USE Formby is affluent with high owner occupation. Strong economic ties are retained with Liverpool. It as
is well connected with well as the Formby
a
train bypass
route A565.
The greater area is a popular tourist destination during the summer months, with day trippers attracted to its beaches, sand dunes and wildlife.
N
1
2 3 6 7
11 RAIL
10
5
5
VICTORIA ROAD
4
BUNDEL AVENUE
8 9
8
12
A585
1
- GOLF COURSE
2
- CARAVAN PARK
3
- CAR PARK
4
- RED SQUIRREL WOODS
5
- SHEEP FIELDS
6
- NICOTINE WOODS
7
- NICOTINE DUMPING
8
- ASPARAGUS FIELDS
9
- ST JOSEPH HOSPITAL
10 - SAND DUNES LIFEBOAT ROAD
11 - LOW TIDE 12 - FORMBY TOWN
2
13
13 - PAINT-BALL CENTRE ALEXANDRA ROAD
21
EXISTING WALKING ROUTES
There are 4 main walking routes that are popular amongst the tourist. These exist in the upper northern part of the site and vary in terrain .
N
DISCOVER FORMBY
MODERATE
1 HOUR 45 MIN
3 MILES (4.8Km)
EASY
1 HOUR 15 MIN
2.8 MILES (4.4Km)
EASY
1 HOUR
1.8 MILES (2.9Km)
EASY
30 MIN
1.4 MILES (2.2Km)
ASPARAGUS
RED SQUIRREL
EASY WOODLAND
23
TOURIST INTERACTION IN FORMBY
Across, the map illustrates how the tourists interact with the town of formby and where the tourist hotspots are and which areas are more heavily used. There are two main spots along the Formby Coast which are particularly popular with the public. These are Lifeboat road which is closely located to the beach, and Victoria Road which is linked to the red squirrel woods.
N
HIKING
TOBACCO WASTE
CAR PARK
CARAVAN SITE
DOG WALKING
HORSE RIDING
NT RESERVE
BIKE RIDING
GOLFING
HOSPITAL
RED SQUIRREL
PAINT-BALL
SHOPPING
DUKE PARK
25
1 2 3 4
1 - NICOTINE WOODS. 2 - RED SQUIRREL WOODS. 3 - ASPARAGUS FIELDS. 4 - NETTLE CROP ON TOBACCO WASTE. 5 - MIGRATED SAND DUNES IN PINE WOODS. 6 - TREES BENT BY SEVERE WIND FORCE FROM THE SEA. 7 - MARRAM GRASS AND SOFT ENGINEERING SYSTEMS.
6 7
6
4 7
5
1
5
2 3
N
27
1 2 3 4
1 - COASTLINE VIEW. 2 - BEACH LOW TIDE, EVIDENCE OF DOG WALKERS. 3 - SAND DUNE EROSION CAUSED BY HIKERS. 4 - BEACH CAR PARK. 5 - NICOTINE DUNE CLIFFS. 6 - TREES BURIED BY MIGRATING SAND DUNES. 7 - EVIDENCE OF DUNE SLACK AND FLOODING.
6 7
2 5
4
7
3
1
5
N
29
TOURIST STATISTICS Formby is popular with day trippers from Liverpool and other industrial towns in Merseyside and West Lancashire. From a phone call held with Phil Moody (Head Ranger at Formby) we found out that the site receives 350,000 visitors in the summer months, easily 3,000 on a single Sunday visit.
LENGTH OF STAY (IN HOURS) 4-5 3-4 2-3
5+
< 1
1-2
GROUP TRIPS
YOUNG COUPLES
FAMILY
ELDERLY
10.8%
18.9%
43.8%
26.5%
SWIMMING
DOG WALKING
4WD QUAD BIKING
BUCKET & SPADE
HIKING
CYCLING
RED SQUIRREL
GOLF
18%
26%
24%
20%
28%
11%
19%
22% 31
1 - CHILDREN TRIP 2 - DOG WALKING 3 - GOLFING 4 - RED SQUIRREL VISITS 5 - BUCKET & SPADE
NOLLI TO SHOW TOURIST ACCESS TO FORMBY BEACH
6 - HIKING 7 - CYCLING 8 - SWIMMING
(BLACK SPACE) represents areas of the site that are not interacted with and Void (WHITE SPACE) represents areas that are accessed and used by the tourists. The closer to the shoreline one gets, the more void space is located on the map, ergo the heavier the tourist impact on that site.
SAND DUNE HEIGHT 5m
20m
VISITOR % 28% 18% 14% 10%
RESIDENTS
DAY VISITS
OVERNIGHT
6%
1
3
2
4
6
5
7 8 N
33
CARTOGRAPHY OF FORMBY POINT SAND DUNES
35
PRECEDENTS OF GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
Inspiration of different types of graphical styles to represent various information and data.
LOCALS AND TOURISTS NEW YORK CITY
Various locations of photos uploaded to instagram by various groups of people, showing site interaction.
HERE AND THERE NEW YORK CITY
A 3D representation of the immediate environment, the viewer is shown in the third person.
HOT SPOT HONG KONG
Compares the tourist attraction hotspots in Hong Kong over layed on a Nolli Diagram of the site.
LOCATION ACCORDING TO CONTAMINATION SECTIONAL AXO
A sectional 3D representation of Location, contamination and scale of impact upon the site of human activity.
ACTIVITY
HIGH-LINE NYC
Displaying various activities which take place upon the New York High-line.
37
UNDERSTANDING GEOMORPHOLOGY Sand Dunes are formed under different coastal pretences. The section highlighted in blue illustrates the nature of the sand dunes that have been formed at formby point. These are migrating dunes. Migrating dunes naturally shift inward on land due to the surface being continually blown away by strong oncoming winds.
100m
STAGE IN DUNE SUCCESSION
EMBRYO & FORE DUNES
Seaweed (humus build up). Sand building up. Alkaline sand.
YELLOW DUNES
GREY DUNES
Surface continually blown away and replenished by fresh sand.
Increased humus content.
Reduced wind speed. Top of dunes above high tide
PLANT CHARACTERISTICS
Low growing prostate habitat. Waxy leaves.
Salt intolerant. Thrives on being buried by sand. In-rolled leaves. Long tap roots.
Sand no longer accumulating. Marram grass not able to compete well. Many plants now co-existing.
HEATH/ WOODLAND
Damp, low lying hollows.
Acid soil and increased organic matter content.
High water table in winter.
Nutrient rich.
Soil acidic and pH variable.
Moisture loving plants.
Shelter developed.
Acid loving plants co-exisiting. Woody perennials plus under-story species.
Mainly perennials. Stabilising plants liking increased organic Matter content.
SANDWORT
MARRAM GRASS
EMBRYO & FORE DUNES
FIXED DUNES YELLOW DUNE
YELLOW DUNES
GREY DUNE
DUNE SLACK
HEATH/ WOODLAND DUNE SLACK
FIXED DUNES
PINE WOODLAND
EMBRYO & FORE DUNES
DUNE TOE
EXAMPLE PLANT
Underground rhizomes to stabilise sand.
Surface lichens.
DUNE SLACK
FORE DUNES
IFT LI NE
Scattered individuals.
FIXED DUNES
EMBRYO STRAND/ DUNES DRIFT LINE SEA
300m
STRAND /DR
DUNE CHARACTERISTICS
On-shore winds.
DUNES
COAST
MOBILE DUNES
200m
GREY LICHEN
RUSHES
HEATHER & WOODLAND
39
INLAND
0m
KINETIC SECTIONAL MODEL Shows the rate of coastline erosion over 40 years.
Current representation of coastline and sand dunes on site at 2015/16.
A key showing the coastline erosion rate over the next 40 years.
Evident large shift in coastal movement over 40 years a loss of 200m.
41
1. SHORE / FOREDUNE PH 8 SEA COUCH - 1% BARE GROUND - 99%
UNCONSOLIDATED SAND WITH SHELLY FRAGMENTS NO ORGANIC CONTENT NO WATER RETENTION
2. MOBILE DUNE
PH 8 MARRAM GRASS - 90% RED FESCUE - 85%
FORMBY POINT SECTION
SAND WITH TRACES OF HUMIC MATERIAL FEWER SHELLS THAN ON THE SHORE NO WATER RETENTION
A section illustrating the nature of the site and its relationship to the migrating sand dunes. These are shown in lighter colours and the current dune toe positioning in darker colours. Imposed on the section is the differing kinds of tourist interaction activity and how this impacts the rate and speed of erosion on the site throughout various points in the year.
3. FIXED DUNE
PH 5 SAND SEDGE - 75% YORKSHIRE FOG AND OTHER GRASSES - 70% MARRAM GRASS BROWN SURFACE HUMIC LAYER 8CM DEEP OVERLYING SAND NO VISIBLE SHELLS SOME WATER RETENTION
4. DUNE HEATH
PH 4 LINING HEATHER - 90% GORSE - 10% HEATH RUSH - 30% BLACK HUMUS-RICH SURFACE LAYER 30CM DEEP WATER RETENTIVE OVERLYING LIGHT GREY LAYER 10CM DEEP OVERLYING ORANGE SAND
SUMMER STATS
WINTER STATS 5. SCRUB & WOODLAND PH 4 PINE WOODLAND CLIMAX VEGETATION
DUNE TOE POSITION 1924 26 ( +50M )
DUNE TOE POSITION 1906 ( +90M )
DUNE TOE POSITION 1892
DUNE TOE POSITION 1845
DUNE TOE POSITION 1966
DUNE TOE POSITION 2015 1
2
3
4
5
INCREASING SOIL DEPTH & QUALITY
SWIMMING
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
HIKING CYCLING
WALKING/ JOGGING/ DOG WALKING
4WD VEHICLE DRIVING
BUCKET & SPADE VISITORS
GOLF
PINE-WOOD VISITORS
43
3D CARTOGRAPHY THICKER PAPER LARGE FOLD OUT TO BE STUCK ONTO THIS
45
ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES UNDERSTANDING OUR OPTIONS
47
ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES
Physical management of the coast attempts to control natural processes such as erosion and long-shore drift. HARD ENGINEERING tend to be expensive, short-term options. They may also have a high impact on the landscape or environment and be unsustainable. SOFT ENGINEERING are less expensive. They are usually more long-term and sustainable, with less impact on the environment.
ADVANTAGES - Absorb the energy of waves. - Allows the build up of a beach. DISADVANTAGES - Expensive to obtain the boulders. - Expensive to transport the boulders.
ROCK ARMOUR
ADVANTAGES - Prevents the movement of beach material along the coast by long-shore drift as it traps sediment within the plant. - Slows down the transfer rate inland. DISADVANTAGES - Not a massive contribution to long-shore drift.
GRASSES
ADVANTAGES - Allows the build up of a beach. - Beaches are a natural defence against erosion and an attraction for tourists. DISADVANTAGES - Can be seen as unattractive. - Costly to build and maintain.
GROYNES 49
ADVANTAGES -
Easy to repair Protect the shore Function after minor damage Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t disturb the shoreline
DISADVANTAGES - Expensive and unattractive - Can be displaced easily by waves
OFF-SHORE BREAKWATER
ADVANTAGES - Makes use of excess sediment further up the Sefton coast. DISADVANTAGES - Expensive - Continuous replenishment.
REPLENISHING
ADVANTAGES - Absorbs the waves energy and stops long-shore drift. DISADVANTAGES - Costs a lot for the granite boulders ( rip rap) to be transported.
RIP - RAPS
ADVANTAGES - Protects the base of cliffs, land and buildings against erosion. - Can prevent coastal flooding. DISADVANTAGES - Expensive to build. - Curved sea walls reflect the energy of the waves back to the sea. Cause more damage long term.
SEA WALL
ADVANTAGES - The roots hold the soil together,preventing the soil from eroding. - The trees act as wind breakers. Thus reducing the effect of wind on long-shore drift. - Trees reduce the speed of flowing water there by reducing the erosion.
PLANTING TREES
ADVANTAGES - Halt the erosion due to roads being built on-top of it. DISADVANTAGES - Not aesthetically pleasing on coastline. - Environmental implications. - Maintenance.
ROADS 51
MODELS ILLUSTRATING SAND DUNE RETREAT ACROSS THE CHOSEN SITE
53
DEMONSTRATING COASTAL SQUEEZE 2030
2050
PINE-WOODS TOBACCO WASTE
SEA
EDGE OF FORMBY TOWN
HOSPITAL DUNE TOE
RAIL LINE The dune toe 70m. Existing tobacco would
has migrated carp-ark and have flooded.
The dune toe has migrated 180m. The beginnings of the pine woods would be at risk.
55
2080
2120
2150
The dune toe has migrated 280m. Red squirrels are endangered.
The dune toe has migrated 600m.The Edge of Formby town would be at risk.
The dune toe has migrated 1Km. At this point Formby would be entirely flooded up-to the rail line
57
59
ON SITE STRATEGY: -
FARMING POTENTIAL SKY WALKWAYS TOURIST FACILITIES ACCOMMODATION
61
MAIN SITE LOCATION The main focal point of our project will lay near the frontal coast, where the sand dunes lay and there is a tobacco waste dumping ground. Farming this part of our site will act as the catalyst to our design enabling us to design further infrastructure and develop the site in phases over time.
PHASE 4 - ACCOMMODATION INTEGRATE SIMPLE TREE HOUSE HOTELS. ENCOURAGE LONGER VISITS TO GENERATE MORE REVENUE
PHASE 3 - TOURIST FACILITY INTRODUCE ACTIVITY/EDUCATION CENTRES,LEISURE CAFE. GENERATE REVENUE.
PHASE 2 - SKY WALKS CONSTANTLY MIGRATING SKY WALKS, ELEVATED TO PROTECT DUNES YET ALLOW TOURIST ACCESS.
PHASE 1 - FARMING USE EXISTING FARMLAND, AND PLANT AND SELL CROPS TO FUND SITE EXPANSION. 63
3D CARTOGRAPHY THICKER PAPER LARGE FOLD OUT TO BE STUCK ONTO THIS
65
DUNE TOE & BREAKWATER
N
YR
1
SCALE 1 : 10 000 67
YR
5
69
YR
10
71
YR
20
73
YR
30
75
YR
40
77
YR
50
79
YR
100
81
DUNE TOE
FORMBY
RAIL
COASTAL SQUEEZE Coastal squeeze is the term used to describe what happens to coastal habitats that are trapped between a fixed landward boundary, such as a sea wall and rising sea levels and/or increased storminess. The habitat is effectively ‘squeezed’ between the two forces and diminishes in quantity and or quality.
SEDIMENT DRIFT
2015 - Model at formby point, focused on tobacco lands. - Current dune toe position - Sediment drift direction shown.
2075 - Farming if protected. Large revenues Generated. - Pine Woods migrate inland. - Natural reduction in OSB due to sediment drift.
2105 - Formby town and pine-woods migrate further inland. - New OSB’s engineered using farmland profits. - New OSB’s buy more time for Hospital.
2150 - If left to erode naturally. - Dune toe position would migrate towards rail. - Would only take 150 years.
2135 - Coastline forms a sharp point, requires taming. - Farming expands, Pine-woods envelop Formby. - Hospital is relocated.
OSB TOBACCO
OFF-SHORE BREAKWATER (OSB) Breakwaters are structures constructed on coasts as part of coastal defence or to protect an anchorage from the effects of both weather and longshore drift. we aim to use this technique to manipulate the erosion rate in certain parts of the coast. This will buy time and allow for a calculated “coastal squeeze” to take place.
PINEWOOD
SEDIMENT DRIFT
2020
HOSPITAL
- Engineering OSB to protect tobacco lands. - Farming can take place on Tobacco site. - OSB delays erosion rate.
2165 - OSB’s expand through collection of longshore drift. - Formby migrated to beyond the rail route. - Further expansion of farming, increase revenue.
2200 - Sediment drift from coastline onto OSB’s. - Peak of coastline begins to diminish. - Land structure: Beach>Farm>Wood>Town is restored.
2045 - Sediment drift from OSB. - Coastal squeeze begins. - Formby infrastructure to migrate inland.
2250 - Farming is reduced. - OSB’s left to erode naturally by sediment drift. - Coastline is back to its original form. 83
FARMING & AGRUCULTURE
N
YR
1
SCALE 1 : 10 000 85
YR
5
87
YR
10
89
YR
20
91
YR
30
93
YR
40
95
YR
50
97
YR
100
99
FARMING POTENTIAL
The tobacco site is high in nitrogen content, this is currently covered in nettles as they thrive in such circumstances. If left untreated then as the coastline continues to erode eventually the tobacco waste will be washed out into the sea where the nitrogen will leak causing an Algal bloom. This is extremely harmful the current ecology within the sea.
Nettles on nitrogen rich ground.
Algal growth
Algal bloom caused by nitrogen infiltrating the sea water.
Asparagus farms on sandy soils.
Historic asparagus farms in Formby.
101
TOBACCO WASTE RE-USE
Alfalfa is planted, as it absorbs the nitrogen out of the site and thrives in sandy soils. It has deep roots which will help reduce the erosion rate of the coastline and can later be sold on as animal feed. Formby was once famous for its farming of asparagus, this is an industry which can be revived as the fields do continue to exist.
DUNE
TOBACCO WASTE - HIGH NITROGEN CONTENT
DUNE PUSHED BACK
TOBACCO WASTE - HIGH NITROGEN CONTENT
NETTLES
HARVEST NETTLES & SELL
PLANT ALFALFA
PINE WOOD LANDS
DEFOREST PINE TREES & SELL
DERELICT ASPARAGUS FIELDS
TROUGH ASPARAGUS FIELDS
PLANT ASPARAGUS
103
FARMING PROCESS INCOME SCHEME 0
2725
IN
5500
OUT
20,725
IN
£
5500
OUT
20,725
IN
£
67,900
OUT
20,725
IN
£
5500
OUT
20,725
IN
£
0
OUT
73,525
IN
£
OUT
£
Redundant Asparagus Farm 5
Pine Trees
2
Nettles (Uritica Dioica)
9 6
13
10
17 14 15
11 7 8
3 1
16 12
4
Tobacco Waste (396,000 Tonnes)
Eroding Sand Dune (4m per year)
High Tide
Low Tide
2015 (CURRENT)
2016
1
2017
Harvest nettles
2
Sell for £2725 (£2.25/Kilo)
Diagram to show the monetary and physical inputs and outputs of the farming process over a 10 year period. We will generate a profit of £650,000 that will be re-invested elsewhere on the site.
2018
Begin removal of Pine Trees
5
Sell for £18,000 (£8/m²of Pine timber) 3
Harvest Nettles
Sow Alfalfa seed
Prepare land for Asparagus planting
9
Voluntary community work 6
Sell for £2725 (£2.25 profit/Kilo) 4
2019
Continue removal of Pine Trees
7
Harvest Nettles
10
Sow Alfalfa seed Costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)
13
Continue removal of Pine Trees
14
Sell for £18,000 (£8/m²of Pine timber) 11
Sell for £2725 (£2.25 profit/Kilo) 8
Plant Asparagus crowns Crowns cost £62,400 (£1.10/Crown)
Sell for £18,000 (£8/m²of Pine timber)
Costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)
2020
Harvest Nettles
15
Sell for £2725 (£2.25 profit/Kilo) 12
Sow Alfalfa seed Seed costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)
16
5500
78,225
IN
1790
OUT
81,775
IN
£
1790
OUT
110,125
IN
£
19
1790
OUT
165,275
IN
£
22
1790
OUT
IN
£
25
£
34 30
23 24
Nurture young Asparagus
17
Voluntary community work Remove remaining Pine Trees Sell for £18,000 (£8/m²of Pine timber) Harvest remaining Nettles Sell for £2725 (£2.25 profit/Kilo) Sow Alfalfa seed Seed costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)
2022
Harvest first season of Asparagus in June
19
Sell for £57,500 (£2.30 profit/Kilo)
28
18
Harvest mature Alfalfa
2023
Harvest second season of Asparagus in May
22
Sell for £61,700 (£2.30 profit/Kilo) 20
Sow Alfalfa seed
21
Harvest mature Alfalfa
Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)
37 33
2024
Harvest third season of Asparagus in June
25
Sell for £65,250 (£2.30 profit/Kilo) 23
Harvest mature Alfalfa
24
Sow Wheat seed
Seed costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)
Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)
36 32
27
18
2021
35 31
26
21
Profit - £651,090
OUT
29
20
0
153,600
2025
Harvest Asparagus in April & June
29
Sell for £72.350 (£2.30 profit/Kilo) 26
Harvest mature Alfalfa
27
Sow Wheat seed
28
Harvest mature Wheat
Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)
Harvest Asparagus in April & June
34
Harvest Asparagus in April & June
35
Sow Wheat seed
36
Harvest mature Wheat
37
Prepare land for next years seed
Sell for £127,500 (£2.30 profit/Kilo) 30
Harvest mature Alfalfa
31
Sow Wheat seed
32
Harvest mature Wheat
33
Prepare land for next years seed
Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)
Seed costs £1790
2026
Sell for £132,350 (£2.30 profit/Kilo)
Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)
Seed costs £1790
Seed costs £1790
Seed costs £1790
Sell for £21,250
Sell for £21,250
Sell for £21,250
105
WALKING ROUTES & SKYWALKS
N
YR
1
SCALE 1 : 10 000 107
YR
5
109
YR
10
111
YR
20
113
YR
30
115
YR
40
117
YR
50
119
YR
100
121
DEVELOPING WALKWAYS
In order to protect and limit the contact upon the sand dunes we propose to place elevated walkways through out the site. These walkways will maintain the tourist interaction with the site and enhance site seeing potential while limiting human impact on erosion. We will implement 2 types of walk ways, Kinetic and Static.
STATIC FOUNDATION Located in the Pine forests where the ground is much more stable, no need for movement.
KINETIC FOUNDATION Located in the mobile dunes, allows the walkway to move up and down with the constantly evolving dunescape. 123
MODULAR WALKWAY Modular walkways will be placed through out the entire site. The design of the walkway is built in such a way that it can be assembled, de-assembled and reassembled continually through the site. So their locations are ever changing as the coastline is ever changing.
2.000
2000
4.000
2000
4.000
2.000
4000 4000
4.000 4.000
4.000 4.000
Straight Straight
2000
4000
4.000
Corner Corner
4000 4000
4.000
4000 4000
4000
4000 4000
2000
4000 4000 2000
2.000
4000
2000
2.000
4000
Ramp Ramp
4.000 4.000
1 in 12
1 in 12
GSEducationalVersion
Scale - 1:100
GSEducationalVersion
Scale - 1:100
125
FORK AND PIN JOINT
ALLOWS FOR ASSEMBLY AND REASSEMBLY
PINE WOOD
REUSE TIMBER FROM PINE TREE DEFORESTATION
METAL MESH
ALLOWS FOR TRANSPARENCY AND A LIGHT WEIGHT STRUCTURE
CORE-TEN STEEL POSTS
AGES WELL WITH TIME, AND BLENDS INTO SURROUNDINGS.
WALKWAY CONNECTION OPTIONS
VIEWING DECK
CYCLE STORAGE
RELAXATION
127
VISUAL PERSPECTIVE
A 3D Visual representation illustrating the elevated walkway erected inside the pine-woods.
A 3D visual created using CineRender and Photoshop >>
129
CARAVAN
TOURIST ACTIVITY & INFASTRUCTURE
CARPARK
GOLF
RED SQUIRREL
BEACH
CARAVAN
PAINTBALL
YR
1
N
SCALE 1 : 10 000 131
YR
5
133
RED SQUIRREL MIGRATION
CARPARK
CARPARK
YR
10
135
CARPARK
YR
20
137
RED SQUIRREL MIGRATION
CARPARK
HOTEL
YR
30
139
CARAVAN
CARPARK
YR
40
141
YR
50
143
CARPARK
YR
100
145
PINE WOOD HOTELS
147
PRECEDENTS
Inspiration illustrating
of the
tree house materiality and
architecture construction.
149
1 - FOOTPATH WITHIN THE WOODLANDS. 2 - MAKE-SHIFT SEATING GROUP AREA. 3 - GRID LIKE STRUCTURE TO PINE TREE LAYOUT. 4 - VIEW TO PINE-WOODS FROM NICOTINE PATCH. 5 - ACCESS FROM LIFEBOAT ROAD.
SITE
The current use of the pine-woods is to be transferred as the red squirrels would have been miraged east of the site. I propose to develop numerous elevated structures for varying short stay accommodations that will be multiply over time. Thus designing for a flexible, long-term sustainable and profitable enterprise.
4
3 5
2 1
1
2
4 5
3
151
SKETCH IDEAS Exploring sketch of accommodation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
ideas, style
Double Units Group Unit Forrest Activity Space Family Units Luxury Units
for and
each type occupation:
1 - Tree top structures, constructed from pine wood. Access by ladders. 2 - Group units are based on ground level on flatter landscape, clustered to allow for mingling of occupants. 3 - Enter-twined within the existing woodlands, group activity space will encourage longer stays and drum up more tourist revenue. 4 - Elevated Traditional tree house style unit, with view deck, slightly more secluded for privacy reasons. 5 - Inspired by pine-cone shape, these luxury units are designed to work when the site eventually floods due to receding coastline. 153
DEVELOPING THE CONCEPT CONCERN ONE. Elevated structures, while providing great treetop views do not respond enough to typography of the site and the dunes. SOLUTION. Scatter the units across the site, allowing ground level cabins hidden amongst the dunes and elevated tree houses. A diversity in choice. CONCERN TWO. Generating enough revenue to fund and build the entire site in one go would be costly. SOLUTION. Phase the building of the site, deforest part of the woodlands,and build the single units, when enough revenue is generated from tourists, the money made will fund the next phase of building. Continually grow the site over time.
A
Section
created
using
Revit
and
Photoshop
>>
CONCERN ONE
CONCERN TWO PHASING OF SITE
£+
£++
£+++ 155
SITE STRATEGY AND PHASING SCHEME Diagram to show the building phasing over a 100 year period. It demonstrates how the site and is structures change and adapt to suit the constant changing nature of the formby coast. Most constructions are simple in design to allow for low cost erection and maintenance, main material us will be pine timber from deforested woods. And Core-ten steel as it ages well with site conditions.
157
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
1. SITE
2. EXTRUSION
3. FUNCTION
4. HIKE
5. VIEWS
A clearing in the forest is made. Natural axial arrangement channels the energy in linear direction.
Linear profile maintains the energy passing through the site, by applying minimal intrusion on the site.
Sleeping and washing facilities are provided off the wings of the central flow.
Hiked building creates cushion between it and the earth, creating natural insulation in colder months.
Architectural elements considered in aid of desirable formby views.
N
GROUND FLOOR PLAN 1:100 159
FRONT ELEVATION 1:100
SIDE ELEVATION 1:100
SECTION 1:100
ROOF PLAN 1:100
N
161
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
1. SITE
2. EXTRUSION
3. ELEVATE
A clearing in the forest is made. Natural axial arrangement channels the energy in linear direction.
Linear profile maintains the energy passing through the site, by applying minimal intrusion on the site.
The sites artificially planted woods mean trees are regular and suited for support.
4. SUPPORT
Remove strain from the pine trees by creating a central column, which can double as service shoot, allowing for washing facilities within.
5. VIEWS Architectural elements considered in aid of desirable formby views.
N
TREE SPACING
< 3.7m >
< 2.3m >
1ST FLOOR PLAN 1:100 163
FRONT ELEVATION 1:100
SIDE ELEVATION 1:100
VOID
SECTION 1:100
ROOF/TERRACE 1:100
N
165
FAMILY UNIT A bigger (90m²) unit that houses a seating, sleeping, cooking, viewing deck and WC. Accommodates a family of 4. Built from deforested pine-wood.
N
GROUND FLOOR PLAN 1:100 167
LEVEL 2 PLAN 1:100
N
FRONT ELEVATION 1:100
169
SIDE ELEVATION 1:100
SECTION 1:100
171
GO APE ACTIVITY CENTRE A Centre that has administration, changing, storage facilities, a place to start and end the activity filled day. In the summer months this activity zone would be used by family and young group visitors. In winter months it is hired out by corporations for team building events. Built from deforested pine-wood.
N
MALE CHANGING ROOMS
FEMALE CHANGING ROOMS
BACK OFFICE
RECEPTION
TUCK SHOP
MEETING / EATING SPACE
STORAGE
GROUND FLOOR PLAN 1:200 173
FRONT ELEVATION 1:200
SECTION 1:200
175
SIDE ELEVATION 1:200
SECTION 1:200
177
GROUP ACCOMMODATION A cluster of units that share amenities and open up onto each-other, all built from pine-wood. Outdoor seating and socialising spaces . A large youth hostel style unit, that offers low cost overnight stay, with reception, lockers and shower facilities.
N
SHOWERS
SLEEPING PODS COMMUNAL SPACE
LOCKERS RECEPTION
GROUND FLOOR PLAN 1:200 179
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
PRESSED AND WARPED PINE TIMBER. ROLLING PANELS FOR SECURITY. GLAZED PANELS /PEEP-HOLE VIEWS THAT ALLOW FOR INTERESTING FOREST VIEWS .
SOFT MEMORY FOAM MATTRESS, LARGE ENOUGH TO FIT 4 PEOPLE.
CORE-TEN BASE CONSTRUCTION
CORE-TEN STILTS, LIFTED OFF EARTH AS IT ALLOWS FOR NATURAL INSULATION.
PRE-CAST FOUNDATIONS.
EXPLODED AXO OF PINE POD 1:30
N
SHOWERS VOID LOCKERS
TERRACE DECK
LEVEL 2 FLOOR PLAN 1:200 181
FRONT ELEVATION 1:200
A
Section
created
using
Revit
and
Photoshop
>>
SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE VISUAL OF INTERNAL SPACE
Sleeper Tents
Artificial trees, cover columns.
Soft seating inspired by formby dunes.
Two level accommodation for “fun” camping vibe.
LED News Terrace & Info board view
Lockers
183
SECTIONAL AXO PERSPECTIVE
A 3D Visual representation illustrating the relationship between the two levels within the hostel, and the large open plan internal space-that allows for interaction.
A
Section
created
using
Revit
and
Photoshop
>>
185
VISUAL PERSPECTIVE
A 3D Visual representation illustrating the relationship between the various external group pods that are outdoors and how they sit within the landscape of Formby.
Created
using
Revit
and
Photoshop
>>
187
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
1. CONCEPT
2. FORM
3. ELEVATE
Formby is known for its pine woods, thus the pine cone is used as a core concept for this project.
The form is created and rationalised to ease construction.
Structure is elevated to allow for continual use even as sea levels rise.
4. REFINE
Structure is refined and abstracted with 25 degree slopes which will aid in energy collection efficiency from solar panels.
5. VIEWS Architectural elements considered in aid of desirable formby views.
N
SEA VIEW DECK STORE
1ST LEVEL PLAN 1:200 189
VOID
2ND LEVEL PLAN 1:200
3RD LEVEL PLAN 1:200
N
GAMES ROOM DEN
4TH LEVEL PLAN 1:200
5TH LEVEL PLAN 1:200
191
VISUAL ELEVATION
A Visual representation illustrating the relationship between the luxury unit and the landscape of formby.
ELEVATION
1:200 >>
193
VISUAL SECTION
A Visual representation illustrating the relationship between the luxury unit and how to adapts to suit the changing landscape of Formby. It rises with sea levels and floats. Allowing long term use.
CURRENT WATER LEVELS
FUTURE WATER LEVELS SECTION
1:200 >>
195
197