TA2: The role of sport in promoting values

What you need to know

• How a range of values can be promoted through sport. • Examples of team spirit, fair play, and tolerance and respect in sport.

As well as fitness and skill, sports performers need to live up to certain values and behave in certain ways to be successful. Performers and fans can also apply these values to everyday life. Team spirit This means supporting fellow team or squad members and working together to reach a common goal. For example, the British and Irish Lions rugby team comes together every four years. Players are selected from different clubs and countries, however, when they play as the Lions against other countries’ teams, the players work together and support each other to try to defeat the opposition. Fair play This is when performers follow the rules and sporting etiquette, and do not cheat. For example, if a tennis player is ready to serve and their opponent is using time to collect their towel when they should be ready to receive the ball, the opponent might not be demonstrating fair play.

Tolerance and respect This is treated as one value, not two separate ones. It relates to how sport can unite people and generate a better understanding of other cultures. During the 2020 European men’s Football Championship, three black England football players, including Marcus Rashford, were racially abused online after missing penalties in the final against Italy. Other England players spoke out, saying that there is no place for racism in football and society. Some fans showed their tolerance and respect for the players by covering a defaced mural of Marcus Rashford in Manchester with flowers, poems and positive messages. • Fair play means that competitors play their sport correctly and respect its traditions Remember it! • Go to the Stonewall website and read their ‘Make Sport Everyone’s Game’ Revise it! SAMPLE toolkit. Note down a list of improvements and spirit. to your sports club to make it more • Tolerance and respect means the way inclusive for LGBTQ+ participants. that sport has the power to teach fans • In pairs, pick a sport and give examples of and participants about other people how the values discussed on this page are and cultures. shown in it. For example, how many ways to show fair play can you think of?

What you need to know

• How a range of values can be promoted through sport. • Examples of inclusion, citizenship, national pride and excellence in sport.

Inclusion

Sport has the power to make everybody feel included. For example: • ‘This Girl Can’ is a campaign that aims to encourage women and girls, whatever their abilities and backgrounds, to get active. • Stonewall is an LGBTQ+ rights organisation that developed a toolkit called Make Sport

Everyone’s Game, to help sports clubs be welcoming of everyone. • The England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) published an action plan in 2019 to increase participation in women’s and girls’ cricket and create career pathways to help women become professional cricketers. They also launched

The Hundred, a cricket competition where men and women compete on the same platform. Citizenship and national pride Citizenship means creating community sports links. For example, the world heavyweight champion boxer Anthony Joshua invested money into his childhood boxing club in north London. He often visits the club to help out and to inspire young people in boxing. National pride means creating a feeling of togetherness in the country from everyone supporting an athlete or national team. For example, when the cyclist Geraint Thomas took part in the Tour de France in 2018, there was lots of support for him in his home country of Wales. Even people who knew nothing about cycling made flags and banners and supported, which brought people together.

Excellence ...means performers striving to be the best that they can be in their chosen activity. ...can be an athlete’s good performance compared with their previous achievements.

...involves developing skills like mental resilience as well as physical skills. ...is not always measured by success and failure or winning and losing. Excellence in sport... • Inclusion means that anyone should Remember it! 1 State two reasons why it is important Practise it! SAMPLE that participants in sport demonstrate be able to participate. To make positive values. (2 marks) sports inclusive, there must be equal 2 Identify two examples where team opportunities for all user groups. spirit has been shown in sport. (2 marks) • National pride can influence the mood 3 Give one example of how spectators can of an entire country. It is usually a very show tolerance and respect. (1 mark) positive and unifying experience, making people happy and boosting the economy.

What you need to know

• The Olympic creed and values, and examples of how these can be applied in sport. • What the Olympic symbol represents.

Many countries come together for the Olympic Games, which promotes friendly competition. Its principles are represented by the Olympic creed, values and symbol (which is also known as the Olympic rings). The Olympic creed

‘The most important thing in life is not the triumph, but the fight; the essential thing is not to have won, but to have fought well.’ This was first spoken by Pierre De Coubertin, the founder of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and of the modern Olympic Games, in 1908.

Olympic values Remember these three values and examples of them being demonstrated in sport: Excellence Somebody doing the best that they can in sport and in life. Friendship Using sport to develop understanding between nations and cultures for athletes, spectators and citizens. Respect Respecting the rules, the officials, the opposition, each nation and oneself. The Olympic symbol • Pierre De Coubertin created the Olympic symbol in 1913. • Each ring represents the five continents that produce Olympic athletes: Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. • The rings interlock to demonstrate the closeness of the continents. • The different colours on a white background represent the fact that the Olympic values are universal, because the colours are used in many of the world’s national flags. • The Olympic creed outlines the morals of the Olympic Games and emphasises Remember it! 1 Identify two Olympic values. (2 marks) 2 Identify which one of the following Practise it! SAMPLE statements is an accurate reflection the importance of hard work and effort to of the Olympic creed. (1 mark) overcome challenges. a It is most important to have won, • The interlocking rings in the Olympic not to have played well. symbol show the closeness and good b The most important thing is not relationship between the five continents winning, but the way you played. and their athletes.

What you need to know

• The Paralympic values and how they are different to the Olympic values. • Examples of the Paralympic values being demonstrated.

There are four Paralympic values, and they reflect the different challenges faced by Paralympic athletes. The Paralympic values Value Explanation Courage Overcoming difficulties to compete in their event. Paralympic athletes rise above their circumstances to show what they are capable of. Determination Having the strength to overcome barriers to train and compete at the highest level. Paralympic athletes push themselves to their limits to achieve their aim. Inspiration Being a positive role model to others, by taking part or by achieving success. Other people appreciate the hurdles that a Paralympic athlete has overcome to get to this level of competition or to the start line at their event. Equality Celebrating diversity and showing that difference is a strength. Paralympic athletes help to challenge stereotypes, transform attitudes and fight discrimination towards people with disabilities. An example of Paralympic values • Team GB swimmer Ellie Simmonds has won five gold medals at three Olympic Games (Beijing 2008, London 2012 and Rio 2016). • Simmonds competed in the S6 classification for athletes with major limb impairment, cerebral palsy, loss of limbs and dwarfism. • She displays the Paralympic values of inspiration and equality because she acts as a role model for young people with disabilities. She is the patron of the Dwarf

Sports Association UK, has an MBE and is a

Girlguiding leader.

• Ellie uses her fame and platform to campaign to improve sporting facilities and opportunities for disabled people in the UK. Remember it!Practise it! SAMPLE 1 State the four Paralympic values. (4 marks) 2 Explain what the Paralympic value of equality means. (2 marks) 3 Explain one example of a Paralympic athlete demonstrating one or more of the Paralympic values. (2 marks) • The Paralympic values are different to the Olympic values. • They are courage, determination, inspiration and equality.

What you need to know

• Organisations create initiatives and campaigns to promote certain sporting values. • Examples of current initiatives that promote sporting values and encourage participation.

Initiatives and campaigns are ideas and activities designed to solve barriers to participation and promote sporting values. They can take place at a local level, a regional level and a national level. Initiatives and campaigns and the values they promote Initiative/campaign Values promoted Details Football Association: We Only Do Positive Tolerance and respect, fair play and inclusion • Part of the FA’s Respect campaign, which was designed to address behavioural problems in football. • Key message: children play and learn better when they receive positive encouragement. • Key aim: create a respectful environment between officials, parents, coaches and players. Sport England: This Girl Can Inclusion • Key aim: get girls and women of all sizes, abilities and backgrounds to take part in sport. • Key focus: inclusion, engagement and building confidence. Swim England: Towards a Nation Swimming Excellence and inclusion • Key aims: increase the number and diversity of people enjoying swimming regularly and create a world-leading talent system for all swimming disciplines. England Cricket Board: Chance to Shine and Chance to Shine Street Inclusion and team spirit

• Chance to Shine aims to make cricket available to all children. • Chance to Shine Street is targeted at inner-city areas, encouraging a form of low-cost street cricket called tapeball. Sport Relief Citizenship • Sport Relief and Red Nose Day is an annual fundraising event which occurs every March. • Celebrities and the public take on challenges such as running multiple marathons or swimming the length of the River Thames. • Campaigns and initiatives promote sporting values and encourage people Remember it! 1 Name one initiative or campaign and identify the value that Practise it! SAMPLE it promotes. (2 marks) to participate in sport. 2 Describe two of the values promoted • Many campaigns will cover other values as by the FA’s We Only Do well as the ones listed. Give clear reasons Positive campaign. (2 marks) why you think a campaign or initiative 3 Identify two aims of Swim England’s promotes a value. ‘Towards a Nation Swimming’. (2 marks)

What you need to know

• Why good etiquette and positive sporting behaviour are important. • The difference between sportsmanship and gamesmanship and the importance of following the rules.

Sport is more enjoyable to play and watch when everybody follows the rules and demonstrates positive sporting behaviour. This leads to a better experience and a safer environment for all. Why is good etiquette and sporting behaviour important? • It sets a positive example and allows sportspeople to be role models for others. • It protects and improves the reputation of the sport. • It keeps performers and their opponents safe. • It makes the game or event more enjoyable for performers and for spectators. • It promotes the values of tolerance and respect, and of fair play, and ensures that the result is fair. Examples of etiquette • The losing team or athlete applauding and shaking hands with the winning team or athlete. • Rugby players remaining silent when an opponent is kicking for goal. • A tennis player admitting that a ball was out. • Applauding a new cricket batter onto the pitch.

Sportsmanship and gamesmanship Sportsmanship means playing fairly by the rules. Gamesmanship means bending the rules to gain an advantage. Examples of sportsmanship include: • helping an opponent back to their feet after they lose their footing in a boxing match • clapping the other team’s goal. Examples of gamesmanship include: • faking a foul or injury • time-wasting in a timed match such as hockey • trying to put off an opponent from shooting in basketball by verbally intimidating them. • Showing good etiquette and sporting behaviour is not a rule, but it is an Remember it! 1 State two reasons why sports performers should follow good Practise it! SAMPLE sporting etiquette. (2 marks) essential part of making sport competitive, 2 State the difference between sportsmanship fun and safe for performers. and gamesmanship. (2 marks) • Sportsmanship means following the rules 3 Identify one example of and the spirit of sport. Gamesmanship sportsmanship and one example means bending the rules to gain of gamesmanship. (2 marks) an advantage.

What you need to know

• Appropriate etiquette and behaviour for spectators at sporting events. • The behaviour of spectators can have an impact on everyone’s enjoyment.

Spectators have a part to play to ensure that other spectators and players enjoy the sport in an appropriate way. Teams may face fines and sanctions if their spectators behave badly. Good spectator etiquette • Being quiet when a tennis player is about to serve. • Showing tolerance and respect for other countries and cultures by respecting the national anthems of both teams. • Remaining in their seat during a cricket match and not getting in a batter’s line of vision. • Respecting the decisions of referees and officials, even when they disagree with them.

Why is etiquette important? Good spectator etiquette: Provides good role models for younger supporters Allows the game to flow, which is better for players and spectators Helps keep players and spectators safe Shows respect for players Shows respect for other spectators Bad spectator etiquette • Booing the national anthem of another team or positive gestures by players (e.g. helping an opponent back to their feet). • Invading the pitch when their team scores a last-minute winning goal, risking players’ safety. • Shouting abuse at a referee when they don’t agree with an on-field decision. For example, at the final of the European men’s Football Championship between England and Italy in 2021, hundreds of England fans came to Wembley Stadium without tickets. These fans pushed past security guards, police officers and other fans to get into the ground illegally. • The behaviour of spectators can have a positive or negative impact on their team’s performance. • Sometimes it is appropriate for spectators Remember it! 1 Identify two reasons why it is important for supporters to show positive behaviour and good etiquette. (2 marks) 2 State two examples of how supporters Practise it! SAMPLE might behave inappropriately during a to be quiet. At other times, it’s okay for sporting performance. (2 marks) them to be loud and enthusiastic. 3 Is this statement true or false? A fan • Poor spectator behaviour can risk running onto the pitch to celebrate everyone’s safety and can lead to their their team winning is showing team being fined or punished. good spectator etiquette. (1 mark)