Cambridge Latin Course
Cambridge Latin Course
Book IV FOURTH EDITION
University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521797931 This book, an outcome of work jointly commissioned by the Schools Council before its closure and the Cambridge School Classics Project, is published under the aegis of Qualifications and Curriculum Authority Enterprises Limited, 83 Piccadilly, London W1J 8QA. © University of Cambridge School Classics Project All rights reserved: no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the copyright owners or a licence permitting restricted copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 33–34 Alfred Place, London WC1E 7DB. First published 1971 7th printing 1982 Second edition 1984 5th printing 1988 Integrated edition 1990 11th printing 2000 Fourth edition 2002 13th printing 2013 Printed in Italy by L.E.G.O. S.p.A. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-521-79793-1 Paperback Cover photographs: front, head of Haterius, Photo Scala, Florence; model of Rome, Museo della Civiltà Romana; back, Photo Scala, Florence. Drawings by Peter Kesteven, Joy Mellor, Leslie Jones and Roger Dalladay ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks are due to the following for supplying photographs and drawings for reproduction: p. 6, Nathan Meron; p. 17, Alberto Carpececi Rome 2000 Years Ago pub. Bonechi; p. 19 t, b, p. 20 b, Margaret Widdess; p. 21, Baron Wolman; p. 22, Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge; p. 23, p. 31 l, r, p. 35 l, p. 52 b, Photo Scala, Florence; p. 35 r, J. P. Adam Roman Building pub. Batsford; p. 36, © St Albans Museums; p. 52, p. 72, Cambridge School Classics Project; p. 59, Manchester Museum; p. 76, Courtesy of the Museum of London; p. 81 b, p. 90 b, p. 91 b, p. 92, p. 111, © Copyright The British Museum; p. 89, Visual Publications; p.91, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna; p. 93, p. 106, Musée royal du Mariemont, Morlanwelz, Belgium; p. 101, German Archaeological Institute, Rome. Other photography by Roger Dalladay. Thanks are due to the following for permission to reproduce photographs: p. 1, p. 65, Museo della Civiltà Romana; p. 10, p. 15, p. 18 c, p. 18 b, p. 71, Roman Forum; p. 51 b, Vatican Museums; p. 56, p. 77, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples; p. 73, Antiquario, Castellammare di Stabia; p. 38, p. 74, p. 105, The British Museum; p. 90, Chieti Museum; p. 93, p. 95, Museo Nazionale Romano; p. 107 t, b, Soprintendenza, Pompeii. Every effort has been made to reach copyright holders. The publishers would be glad to hear from anyone whose rights they have unknowingly infringed.
Contents Stage 29
Rยบma
Stage 30
Haterius
23
Stage 31
in urbe
39
Stage 32
Euphrosynโ ข
59
Stage 33
pantom#mus
77
Stage 34
l#bertus
93
Language information
page 1
111
Part One: About the language
114
Part Two: Vocabulary
142
ROMA STAGE 29
1 in medi¶ Rºm¶ est mºns nºtissimus, quª Capitºlium appell¶tur. in summº Capitºliº stat templum, ubi deus Iuppiter adºr¶tur.
2 sub Capitºliº iacet Forum Rºm¶num. forum ab ingentª multit–dine cªvium cotªdi• compl•tur. aliª negºtium agunt; aliª in porticibus stant et ab amªcªs sal–tantur; aliª per forum in lectªcªs feruntur. ubªque magnus strepitus audªtur.
2 STAGE 29
3 aliquandº pompae splendidae per forum d–cuntur.
4 prope medium forum est templum Vestae, ubi ignis sacer ¶ Virginibus Vest¶libus c–r¶tur.
5 in extr•mº forº stant Rºstra, ubi ºr¶tiºn•s apud populum habentur.
6 prope Rºstra est carcer, ubi captªvª populª Rºm¶nª custºdiuntur.
STAGE 29 3
nox I nox erat. l–na st•llaeque in caelº ser•nº fulg•bant. tempus erat quº homin•s qui•scere solent. Rºmae tamen n–lla erat qui•s, n–llum silentium. magnªs in domibus, ubi dªvit•s habit¶bant, c•nae splendidae cºns–m•bantur. cibus s–mptuºsus ¶ servªs offer•b¶tur; vªnum optimum ab ancillªs fund•b¶tur; carmina ¶ citharoedªs perªtissimªs cant¶bantur. in altªs autem ªnsulªs, n–llae c•nae splendidae cºns–m•bantur, n–llª citharoedª audi•bantur. ibi pauper•s, fam• paene cºnfectª, vªtam miserrimam ag•bant. aliª ad patrºnºs epistul¶s scrªb•bant ut auxilium eºrum peterent, aliª scelera committere par¶bant. prope forum magnus strepitus audi•b¶tur. nam arcus magnificus in Vi¶ Sacr¶ exstru•b¶tur. ing•ns polyspaston arcuª immin•bat. fabrª, quª arcum exstru•bant, dªligentissim• labºr¶bant. aliª fig–r¶s in arc– sculp•bant; aliª titulum in fronte arc–s ªnscrªb•bant; aliª marmor ad summum arcum toll•bant. omn•s str•nu• labºr¶bant ut arcum ante l–cem perficerent. nam Imper¶tor Domiti¶nus hunc arcum fr¶trª Titº postrªdi• d•dic¶re vol•bat. Titum vªvum ºderat; sed Titum mortuum honºr¶re cupi•bat. Domiti¶nus enim populum Rºm¶num, quª Titum maxim• dªl•xerat, nunc sibi fav•re vol•bat.
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II praeerat huic operª Quªntus Haterius Latrºni¶nus, red•mptor nºtissimus. e¶ nocte ipse fabrºs fur•ns incit¶bat. aderat quoque G¶ius Salvius Lªber¶lis, Hateriª patrºnus, quª eum invicem incit¶bat ut opus ante l–cem perficeret. anxius enim erat Salvius quod Imper¶tºrª persu¶serat ut Haterium operª praeficeret. hic igitur fabrªs, quamquam omnªnº fessª erant, identidem imper¶vit n• labºre d•sisterent. Glitus, magister fabrºrum, Haterium l•nªre tempt¶bat. ‘ecce, domine!’ inquit. ‘fabrª iam arcum paene perf•c•runt. ultimae litterae titulª nunc ªnscrªbuntur; ultimae fig–rae sculpuntur; ultimae marmoris massae ad summum arcum tolluntur.’
4 STAGE 29
ser•nº: ser•nus calm, clear fulg•bant: fulg•re shine tempus time Rºmae at Rome qui•s rest domibus: domus house, home carmina: carmen song altªs: altus high ªnsulªs: ªnsula block of flats fam•: fam•s hunger cºnfectª: cºnfectus worn out, exhausted patrºnºs: patrºnus patron arcus arch Vi¶ Sacr¶: Via Sacra the Sacred Way (road running through the Forum) polyspaston crane fabrª: faber craftsman, workman fig–r¶s: fig–ra figure, shape sculp•bant: sculpere carve titulum: titulus inscription fronte: frºns front ªnscrªb•bant: ªnscrªbere write, inscribe marmor marble ante before l–cem: l–x light, daylight perficerent: perficere finish d•dic¶re dedicate
operª: opus work, construction red•mptor contractor, builder invicem in turn 5
identidem repeatedly l•nªre soothe, calm down
10
ultimae: ultimus last litterae: littera letter massae: massa block
paulº ante hºram prªmam, fabrª labºre cºnfectª arcum perf•c•runt. paulªsper urbs sil•bat. –nus faber tamen, domum per forum redi•ns, subitº trªst•s f•min¶rum du¶rum cl¶mºr•s audªvit. duae enim captªvae, magnº dolºre affectae, in carcere cant¶bant: ‘mª Deus! mª Deus! respice m•! qu¶r• m• d•seruistª?’
15
paulªsper for a short time sil•bat: sil•re be silent dolºre: dolor grief affectae: affectus affected, overcome respice: respicere look at, look upon qu¶r•? why?
‘ecce domine! fabrª iam arcum paene perf•c•runt.’
STAGE 29 5
Masada I ex carcere, ubi captªvª custºdi•bantur, trªst•s cl¶mºr•s audi•bantur. duae enim f•minae I–daeae, superstit•s eºrum quª contr¶ Rºm¶nºs rebell¶verant, fort–nam suam l–g•bant. altera erat anus septu¶gint¶ annºrum, altera m¶trºna trªgint¶ annºs n¶ta. –n¶ cum eªs in carcere erant quªnque lªberª, quºrum Simºn 5 n¶t– maximus sºl¶cium m¶trª et aviae ferre tempt¶bat. ‘m¶ter, nºlª l–g•re! decºrum est I–daeªs fortit–dinem in r•bus adversªs praest¶re.’ m¶ter fªlium amplexa, ‘melius erat’, inquit, ‘cum patre vestrº perªre abhinc annºs 10 novem. c–r tum ¶ morte abhorruª? c–r vºs serv¶vª?’ Simºn, hªs verbªs commºtus, m¶trem rog¶vit quº modº periisset pater atque qu¶r• rem prius nºn n¶rr¶visset. eam ºr¶vit ut omnia explic¶ret. sed tantus erat dolor m¶tris ut prªmº nihil dªcere posset. mox, cum s• coll•gisset, ad fªliºs conversa, 15 ‘d• morte patris vestrª’, inquit, ‘prius n¶rr¶re nºl•bam n• vºs quoque perªr•tis, exemplum eius imit¶tª. nunc tamen audeº vºbªs tºtam rem patefacere quod nºs omn•s cr¶s morit–rª sumus.
I–daeae: I–daeus Jewish superstit•s: superstes survivor rebell¶verant: rebell¶re rebel, revolt l–g•bant: l–g•re lament, mourn, grieve altera … altera one … the other … annºs n¶ta … years old –n¶ cum together with n¶t– maximus eldest aviae: avia grandmother r•bus adversªs: r•s adversae misfortune praest¶re show, display amplexa: amplexus having embraced abhinc ago abhorruª: abhorr•re shrink (from) exemplum example imit¶tª: imit¶tus having imitated cr¶s tomorrow
The rock of Masada, showing the Roman siege ramp built on the west (left) side.
6 STAGE 29
nºs I–daeª contr¶ Rºm¶nºs tr•s annºs rebell¶vimus. annº qu¶rtº iste Beelzebub, Titus, urbem Ierosolymam expugn¶vit. numquam ego spect¶culum terribilius vªdª: ubªque aedificia flammªs cºns–m•bantur; ubªque virª, f•minae, lªberª occªd•bantur; Templum ipsum ¶ mªlitibus dªripi•b¶tur; tºta urbs •vert•b¶tur. in ill¶ cl¶de peri•runt multa mªlia I–daeºrum; sed circiter mªlle superstit•s, duce Eleaz¶rº, r–pem Masadam occup¶v•runt. t–, Simºn, illº tempore vix quªnque annºs n¶tus er¶s. ‘r–p•s Masada est alta et praerupta, prope lacum Asphaltªt•n sita. ibi nºs, m–nªtiºnibus undique d•f•nsª, Rºm¶nªs di– resist•b¶mus. intere¶ dux hostium, L–cius Fl¶vius Silva, r–pem castellªs multªs circumv•nit. deinde mªlit•s, iuss– Silvae, ingentem aggerem usque ad summam r–pem exstr–x•runt. postr•mº aggerem ascend•runt, magnamque partem m–nªtiºnum ignª d•l•v•runt. tandem, cum nox appropinqu¶ret, Silva mªlit•s ad castra red–xit ut proximum diem victºriamque exspect¶rent.’
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II ‘ill¶ nocte Eleaz¶rus I–daeªs cºnsilium dªrum prºposuit. ‘“magnº in discrªmine sumus”, inquit. “nºs I–daeª, Deº cºnfªsª, Rºm¶nªs adh–c resistimus; nunc illª nºs in servit–tem trahere parant. n–lla sp•s sal–tis nºbªs ostenditur. nºnne melius 5 est perªre quam Rºm¶nªs c•dere? ego ipse mortem me¶ man– ªnflªctam accipiº, servit–tem spernº.” ‘hªs verbªs Eleaz¶rus tantum ardºrem in I–daeªs excit¶vit ut ad mortem statim festªn¶rent. virª uxºr•s lªberºsque amplexª occªd•runt. cum hanc dªram et saevam rem cºnf•cissent, decem 10 eºrum sorte ductª c•terºs interf•c•runt. tum –nus ex illªs, sorte invicem ductus, postquam novem reliquºs interf•cit, s• ipsum gladiº tr¶nsfªxit.’ ‘quº modº nºs ipsª eff–gimus?’ rog¶vit Simºn. ‘ego Eleaz¶rº p¶r•re nºn potuª’, respondit m¶ter. ‘vºbªscum 15 in locº subterr¶neº lat•bam.’ ‘ign¶va!’ cl¶m¶vit Simºn. ‘ego mortem haudqu¶quam timeº. ego, patris exemplª memor, eandem fortit–dinem praest¶re volº.’
Beelzebub Beelzebub, devil Ierosolymam: Ierosolyma Jerusalem expugn¶vit: expugn¶re storm, take by storm circiter about duce: dux leader r–pem: r–p•s rock, crag praerupta: praeruptus sheer, steep lacum Asphaltªt•n: lacus Asphaltªt•s Lake Asphaltites (the Dead Sea) m–nªtiºnibus: m–nªtiº defence, fortification undique on all sides castellªs: castellum fort iuss– Silvae at Silva’s order aggerem: agger ramp, mound usque ad right up to ignª, abl: ignis fire discrªmine: discrªmen crisis cºnfªsª: cºnfªsus having trusted, having put trust servit–tem: servit–s slavery ªnflªctam: ªnflªgere inflict ardºrem: ardor spirit, enthusiasm sorte ductª chosen by lot reliquºs: reliquus remaining tr¶nsfªxit: tr¶nsfªgere stab subterr¶neº: subterr¶neus underground haudqu¶quam not at all memor remembering, mindful of eandem the same
STAGE 29 7
About the language 1: passive verbs 1
In Book I, you met sentences like these: puer cl¶mºrem audit. A boy hears the shout.
ancilla vªnum fund•bat. A slave-girl was pouring wine.
The words in bold type are active forms of the verb. 2
In Stage 29, you have met sentences like these: cl¶mor ¶ puerº audªtur. The shout is heard by a boy.
vªnum ab ancill¶ fund•b¶tur. Wine was being poured by a slave-girl.
The words in bold type are passive forms of the verb. 3
Compare the following active and passive forms: present tense present active present passive portat port¶tur s/he carries, s/he is carrying s/he is carried, or s/he is being carried portant they carry, they are carrying
portantur they are carried, or they are being carried
imperfect tense imperfect active imperfect passive port¶bat port¶b¶tur s/he was carrying s/he was being carried port¶bant they were carrying 4
port¶bantur they were being carried
Further examples of the present passive: a c•na nostra ¶ coquº nunc par¶tur. b multa scelera in h¶c urbe cotªdi• committuntur. c laudantur; d–citur; rog¶tur; mittuntur. Further examples of the imperfect passive: d candid¶tª ab amªcªs sal–t¶bantur. e f¶bula ab ¶ctºribus in the¶trº ag•b¶tur. f audi•bantur; laud¶b¶tur; nec¶bantur; ten•b¶tur.
8 STAGE 29
arcus Titª I postrªdi• m¶ne ing•ns Rºm¶nºrum multit–dº ad arcum Titª undique conveni•bat. di•s f•stus ab omnibus cªvibus celebr¶b¶tur. Imper¶tor Domiti¶nus eº di• fr¶trª Titº arcum d•dic¶t–rus erat. iuss– Imper¶tºris pompa magnifica tºtam per urbem d–c•b¶tur. multae sellae ¶ servªs prope arcum pºn•bantur. ill–c multª sen¶tºr•s, sp• favºris Domiti¶nª, conveni•bant. inter eºs Salvius, togam splendidam ger•ns, locum quaer•bat ubi cºnspicuus esset. inter equit•s, quª post sen¶tºr•s st¶bant, aderat Haterius ipse. favºrem Imper¶tºris avid• sp•r¶bat, et in animº volv•bat quandº ¶ Salviº praemium prºmissum accept–rus esset. ¶ra ing•ns, prº arc– exstr–cta, ¶ servªs flºribus ºrn¶b¶tur. circum ¶ram st¶bant vªgintª sacerdºt•s. aderant quoque haruspic•s quª exta victim¶rum ªnspicerent. intere¶ pompa lent• per Viam Sacram d–c•b¶tur. prªm¶ in parte inc•d•bant tubicin•s, tub¶s ªnflant•s. post eºs v•n•runt iuven•s, quª trªgint¶ taurºs corºnªs ºrn¶tºs ad sacrificium d–c•bant. tum multª servª, quª g¶zam I–daeºrum port¶bant, prªmam pompae partem claud•bant. huius g¶zae pars pretiºsissima erat m•nsa sacra, tubae, cand•l¶brum, quae omnia aurea erant. septem captªvª I–daeª, quª medi¶ in pomp¶ inc•d•bant, ¶ spect¶tºribus vehementer d•rªd•bantur. quªnque puerª, ser•nº vult– inc•dent•s, cl¶mºr•s et contum•li¶s negleg•bant, sed duae f•minae pl–rimªs lacrimªs spect¶tºr•s ºr¶bant ut lªberªs parcerent. post captªvºs v•nit Domiti¶nus ipse, curr– magnificº vectus. post Imper¶tºrem ªbant ambº cºnsul•s, quºrum alter erat L. Fl¶vius Silva. magistr¶t–s nºbilissimª effigiem Titª in umerªs port¶bant. ¶ mªlitibus pompa claud•b¶tur.
undique from all sides 5
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d•dic¶t–rus going to dedicate
favºris: favor favour cºnspicuus conspicuous, easily seen equit•s equites (well-to-do men ranking below senators) quandº when accept–rus going to receive exta entrails inc•d•bant: inc•dere march, stride g¶zam: g¶za treasure claud•bant: claudere conclude, complete
vult–: vultus expression, face
curr–: currus chariot vectus: vehere carry cºnsul•s: cºnsul consul (senior magistrate) magistr¶t–s: magistr¶tus magistrate (elected official of Roman government)
STAGE 29 9
II When you have read this part of the story, answer the questions on the next page. ad arcum pompa perv•nit. Domiti¶nus, • curr– •gressus ut sacrificium faceret, sen¶tºr•s equit•sque sal–t¶vit. tum oculºs in arcum ipsum convertit. admªr¶tiºne affectus, Imper¶tor Salvium ad s• arcessªtum vald• laud¶vit. eª imper¶vit ut Hateriº gr¶ti¶s ageret. inde ad ¶ram prºgressus, cultrum c•pit quº victimam sacrific¶ret. servus eª iugulum taurª obtulit. deinde Domiti¶nus victimam sacrific¶vit, haec loc–tus: ‘tibi, dªve Tite, haec victima nunc sacrific¶tur; tibi hic arcus d•dic¶tur; tibi gr¶tiae maximae ¶ populº Rºm¶nº aguntur.’ subitº, dum Rºm¶nª oculºs in sacrificium intent• d•fªgunt, Simºn occ¶siºnem nactus prºsiluit. mediºs in sacerdºt•s irr–pit; cultrum rapuit. omn•s spect¶tºr•s immºtª st¶bant, aud¶ci¶ eius attonitª. Domiti¶nus, pavºre commºtus, pedem rettulit. nºn Imper¶tºrem tamen Simºn petªvit. cultrum in man– ten•ns cl¶m¶vit, ‘nºs, quª superstit•s I–daeºrum rebellantium sumus, Rºm¶nªs servªre nºlumus. mortem obªre m¶lumus.’ haec loc–tus, facinus dªrum commªsit. m¶trem et aviam amplexus cultrº statim occªdit. tum fr¶tr•s, haudqu¶quam resistent•s, eºdem modº interf•cit. postr•mº magn¶ vºce populum Rºm¶num d•test¶tus s• ipsum cultrº tr¶nsfªxit.
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admªr¶tiºne: admªr¶tiº admiration inde then cultrum: culter knife dªve: dªvus god
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dum while d•fªgunt: d•fªgere fix occ¶siºnem: occ¶siº opportunity nactus having seized prºsiluit: prºsilªre leap forward, jump pavºre: pavor panic pedem rettulit: pedem referre step back servªre serve (as a slave) m¶lumus: m¶lle prefer eºdem modº in the same way d•test¶tus having cursed
Carving on the arch of Titus, showing the treasures of the Temple at Jerusalem carried in triumph through the streets of Rome.
10 STAGE 29
Questions
Marks
1 What was Domitian’s purpose when he left his chariot (lines 1–2)? 1 2 What did he do next (line 2)? 1 3 admªr¶tiºne (line 3). What caused this feeling? What did it prompt the emperor to do? 1+2 4 What order did the emperor give to Salvius? 1 5 Why do you think the emperor did not wish to meet Haterius personally? 1 6 inde … obtulit (lines 5–6). Describe how the victim was to be sacrificed. 1 7 To whom were the emperor’s words addressed (lines 8–9)? 1 8 What three points did he make in his speech (lines 8–9)? 3 9 subitº … prºsiluit (lines 10–11). Why did Simon’s action at first pass unnoticed? 1 10 mediºs in sacerdºt•s irr–pit (line 11). Why did he do this? 1 11 Write down the Latin phrase that explains the reaction of the spectators (lines 12–13). 1 12 Why do you think Domitian was pavºre commºtus (line 13)? 1 13 m¶trem … interf•cit (lines 18–20). Describe Simon’s actions. 3 14 Describe Simon’s death (lines 20–1). 2 15 Look back at lines 16–21. In what ways did Simon’s words and actions copy those of Eleazarus at Masada (Masada II, lines 2–12)? 2+2 ____ TOTAL 25
STAGE 29 11
About the language 2: more about purpose clauses 1
In Stage 26, you met purpose clauses used with ut: senex ªnsidi¶s par¶vit ut f–r•s caperet. The old man set a trap in order that he might catch the thieves. Or, in more natural English: The old man set a trap to catch the thieves.
2
In Stage 29, you have met purpose clauses used with the relative pronoun quª: f•mina servum mªsit quª cibum emeret. The woman sent a slave who was to buy food. Or, in more natural English: The woman sent a slave to buy food. You have also met purpose clauses used with ubi: locum quaer•b¶mus ubi st¶r•mus. We were looking for a place where we might stand. Or, in more natural English: We were looking for a place to stand.
3
Further examples: a b c d e f
sacerdºs haruspicem arcessªvit quª victimam ªnspiceret. lªbertus dºnum quaer•bat quod patrºnum d•lect¶ret. Haterius quªnque fabrºs •l•git quª fig–r¶s in arc– sculperent. domum emere vol•bam ubi fªlius meus habit¶ret. sen¶tor gemmam pretiºsam •mit quam uxºrª daret. f•minae lªberªque locum inv•n•runt ubi lat•rent.
The Emperor Titus was enormously popular but reigned only three years.
12 STAGE 29
Word patterns: compound verbs 1 1
Study the following verbs and their translations: currere to run
d•currere to run down
excurrere to run out
recurrere to run back
iacere to throw
d•icere to throw down
•icere to throw out
reicere to throw back
2
Verbs may have their meaning extended by placing d•, ex or re at the beginning of the word. Such verbs are known as compound verbs.
3
Using the pattern above, complete the following table:
4
trahere to pull, drag
d•trahere ...........
extrahere ...........
retrahere ...........
cadere to fall
d•cidere ...........
excidere ...........
recidere ...........
mittere to send
........... ...........
•mittere ...........
........... ...........
Complete the following sentences with the correct compound verb. Then translate the sentences. d•pºnerent
•d–c•bantur
rev•n•runt
a fabrª, postquam domum . . . . . . . . . ., di– dormªv•runt. b l•g¶tus hostibus imper¶vit ut arma . . . . . . . . . . . c mªlit•s • castrªs . . . . . . . . . . ut r–pem Masadam oppugn¶rent. 5
Explain the connection between the following Latin verbs and the English verbs derived from them. d•pºnere d•spicere
depose despise
•rumpere •icere
erupt eject
retin•re referre
retain refer
STAGE 29 13
Practising the language 1
Complete each sentence with the right form of the imperfect subjunctive, using the verb in brackets. Then translate the sentence. For example: Domiti¶nus ad ¶ram prºcessit ut victimam . . . . . . . . . . . (sacrific¶re) Answer: Domiti¶nus ad ¶ram prºcessit ut victimam sacrific¶ret. Domitian advanced to the altar in order to sacrifice the victim. The forms of the imperfect subjunctive are given on p. 128. a b c d e f
2
equit•s ªnsidi¶s par¶v•runt ut ducem hostium . . . . . . . . . . . (capere) ad forum contend•b¶mus ut pompam . . . . . . . . . . . (spect¶re) barbarª fac•s in manibus ten•bant ut templum . . . . . . . . . . . (incendere) extr¶ carcerem st¶bam ut captªvºs . . . . . . . . . . . (custºdªre) Haterª, quam str•nu• labºr¶vistª ut arcum . . . . . . . . . .! (perficere) r–pem Masadam occup¶vimus ut Rºm¶nªs . . . . . . . . . . . (resistere)
Complete each sentence with the most suitable participle from the lists below, using the correct form. Then translate the sentence. Do not use any participle more than once. d–c•ns d–centem d–cent•s a b c d e
3
labºr¶ns labºrantem labºrant•s
sed•ns sedentem sedent•s
inc•d•ns inc•dentem inc•dent•s
cl¶m¶ns cl¶mantem cl¶mant•s
videº Salvium prope arcum . . . . . . . . . . . fabrª, in Vi¶ Sacr¶ . . . . . . . . . ., vald• fessª erant. nºnne audªs puerºs . . . . . . . . . .? iuvenis, victimam . . . . . . . . . ., ¶rae appropinqu¶vit. spect¶tºr•s captªvºs, per vi¶s . . . . . . . . . ., d•rªd•bant.
Translate each English sentence into Latin by selecting correctly from the list of Latin words. a
The citizens, having been delighted by the show, applauded. cªvis spect¶culum d•lect¶tª plaudunt cªv•s spect¶culº d•lect¶tus plaus•runt
b I recognised the slave-girl who was pouring the wine. ancilla quª vªnum fund•bat ancillam quae vªnº fund•bant c
14 STAGE 29
Having returned to the bank of the river, the soldiers halted. ad rªpam fl–mine regressª mªlit•s ad rªp¶s fl–minis regressºs mªlitum
agnºvª agnºvit cºnstit•runt cºnstiterant
d The woman, sitting in prison, told a sad story. f•mina in carcerem sed•ns f¶bulam f•minae in carcere sedentem f¶bulae e
We saw the altar, decorated with flowers. ¶ram flºrª ºrn¶ta ¶r¶s flºribus ºrn¶tam
f
They killed the sleeping prisoners with swords. captªvª dormientem gladiºs occªd•runt captªvºs dormient•s gladiªs occªdit
trªstis trªstem
n¶rrat n¶rr¶vit
vªdª vªdimus
The arch of Titus, looking towards the Forum.
STAGE 29 15