Science
Learner’s Book
2
Cambridge Global English
CAMBRIDGE PRIMARY
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Learner’s Book
2
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Science
Learner’s Book
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CAMBRIDGE PRIMARY
Jon Board and Alan Cross
CAMBRIDGE PRIMARY
Science
2
D R
A
FT
Learner’s Book
Jon Board and Alan Cross
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University Printing House, Cambridge cb2 8bs, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107611399 © Cambridge University Press 2014 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2014 Printed in the United Kingdom by Latimer Trend Cover artwork: Bill Bolton isbn 978-1-107-61139-9 Paperback
FT
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
A
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables, and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter.
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notice to teachers References to Activities contained in these resources are provided ‘as is’ and information provided is on the understanding that teachers and technicians shall undertake a thorough and appropriate risk assessment before undertaking any of the Activities listed. Cambridge University Press makes no warranties, representations or claims of any kind concerning the Activities. To the extent permitted by law, Cambridge University Press will not be liable for any loss, injury, claim, liability or damage of any kind resulting from the use of the Activities.
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Introduction The Cambridge Primary Science series has been developed to match the Cambridge International Examinations Primary Science curriculum framework. It is a fun, flexible and easy to use course that gives both learners and teachers the support they need. In keeping with the aims of the curriculum itself, it encourages learners to actively engage with the content, and develop enquiry skills as well as subject knowledge.
FT
This Learner’s Book for Stage 2 covers all the content from Stage 2 of the curriculum framework. The topics are covered in the order in which they are presented in the curriculum for easy navigation. But they can be taught in any order that is most appropriate to you. The content pages contain many images and questions that you can use as a basis for class discussions. The emphasis in this stage is on linking what learners know about everyday life to scientific ideas.
A
Throughout the book, you will find ideas for practical activities which will help learners to develop their Scientific Enquiry skills as well as introduce them to the thrill of scientific discovery.
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Check your progress questions at the end of each unit can be used to assess learners’ understanding. We strongly advise you to use the Teacher’s Resource for Stage 2, ISBN 978-1-107-61148-1, alongside this book. This resource contains extensive guidance on all the topics, ideas for classroom activities, and guidance notes on all the activities presented in this Learners’ Book. You will also find a large collection of worksheets, and answers to all the questions from the Stage 2 products. Also available is the Activity Book for Stage 2, ISBN 978-1-107-61143-6. This book offers a variety of exercises to help learners consolidate understanding, practise vocabulary, apply knowledge to new situations and develop enquiry skills. Learners can complete the exercises in class or be given them as homework. We hope you enjoy using this series. With best wishes, the Cambridge Primary Science team.
Introduction
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Contents 1
Going outside
Looking at rocks
What are rocks? Uses of rocks Soil Other natural materials
A
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
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2
FT
1.1 Different places to live 1.2 Can we care for our environment? 1.3 Our weather 1.4 Extreme weather Check your progress
Check your progress
3
4
6 8 10 12 14
16 18 20 22 24
Changing materials
3.1 Materials changing shape 3.2 Bending and twisting 3.3 Fantastic elastic 3.4 Heating and cooling 3.5 Why is the sea salty? Check your progress
26 28 30 32 34 36
Contents
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4
Light and dark
5
Electricity
6
The Earth and the Sun
38 40 42 44 46
FT
4.1 Light sources 4.2 Darkness 4.3 Making shadows 4.4 Shadow shapes Check your progress
D R
A
5.1 Electricity around us 5.2 Staying safe 5.3 Making a circuit 5.4 Using motors and buzzers 5.5 Switches Check your progress
48 50 52 54 56 58
6.1 Day and night 6.2 Does the Sun move? 6.3 Changing shadows Check your progress
60 62 64 66
Reference Glossary and index Acknowledgements
68 72 78
Contents
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1
Going outside
1.1 Different places to live Words to learn measure record
minibeasts
D R
A
FT
What do animals and plants need to live?
Look at the pictures. What animals and plants live in each environment? Can you talk about the differences? 6
5 Pushing 1 Going outside and pulling
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Activity 1.1
You will need:
Compare two different places
Go outside. Look for two places that are different, like a wet place and a dry place.
a clipboard a stopwatch or watch something to measure with • a digital camera
Measure the two places. Make sure they are the same size.
This place is sunny.
FT
What can you find? Can you find any minibeasts?
A
Record the animals and plants you find in each place. Compare them.
D R
What have you found out?
It’s shady over there.
What animals and plants live in these environments?
W hat you have learnt Environments can be different or similar. Different plants and animals live in different environments. 5 Pushing 1 Going andoutside pulling
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1.2 Can we care for our environment? This beach is covered with litter. Sewage is flowing into the sea. Words to learn sewage
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A
FT
litter protect
Do you think this can harm the wildlife near the beach? What can we do to help protect the wildlife? 8
5 Pushing 1 Going outside and pulling
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Activity 1.2
You will need:
Our environment
a clipboard a digital camera
Go outside and look around. Can you see places where people do not look after the environment? Write, draw or photograph what you see.
FT
How could people look after the environment better?
D R
A
What could you do to help? Talk about your ideas.
Environmental groups are groups of people who help to look after the environment.
W hat you have learnt You can look after your environment in different ways. 5 Pushing 1 Going andoutside pulling
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1.3 Our weather Each day the temperature, Sun, wind and amount of rain can change. This is our weather.
temperature rain same cloudy cold snow
wind weather sunny warm frosty hail
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A
FT
The weather makes us think about what we do and what we wear.
Words to learn
Look at the pictures. Why are the children wearing these clothes? 10
1 Going outside
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Activity 1.3
You will need:
Today’s weather
large poster paper a digital camera
Talk about the weather today. Is it the same as yesterday? Is it sunny or cloudy? Is it warm or cold? Is it frosty?
How windy is it?
FT
Is there any rain, snow or hail?
D R
A
Make a poster to show what the weather is like.
The weather is not always the same. Look at the picture. You can see a rainbow when it rains and the Sun is shining at the same time.
W hat you have learnt You can look at the weather and draw or write down what you see. 1 Going outside
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1.4 Extreme weather Have you ever seen the extreme weather in these pictures?
extreme storm
forecasters research
A
FT
How would you keep safe in this weather?
Words to learn
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Weather forecasters are scientists who tell us about the weather. Satellites in space look down at the clouds and collect information. They help us forecast what weather will happen.
12
1 Going outside
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Look at the picture. There is a very bad storm under these clouds.
FT
The storm is moving nearer the land.
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Activity 1.4
A
What will happen to the weather on the land?
Keeping safe in extreme weather
You will need: large poster paper access to the internet
Look at books or the internet. Do some research about one type of extreme weather. You could choose weather like heavy snow, tsunami or tornados. Make a poster to show what to wear and how to keep safe in this weather.
W hat you have learnt There are different types of extreme weather. 1 Going outside
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1.5 Check your progress 1
eagle
wet place
FT
dry place
frog
duck
goat
lion
fish
A
a Which animals might live in the dry place? b Which animals might live in the wet place?
Some learners compared the number of plants and minibeasts found in two different places in their school. This is what they found.
D R
2
Place
Number of minibeasts found
Number of plants found
A
15
25
B
5
3
a Which place is best for minibeasts and plants to live in? b Why do you think this place is better for minibeasts
and plants to live in? 14
1 Going outside
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3
What could we do to solve the problems in these environments?
A
C
FT
Some learners measured the amount of rain each day and drew this block graph.
D R
A
4
B
a b c d
On how many days did it rain? On which day was there most rain? On which day was there no rain? How much rain might there be on Saturday?
1 Going outside
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