Mary Jones and Sally Burbeary
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Cambridge Checkpoint
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Science
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English Language Skills Workbook
Stages 7, 8, 9 Original material Š Cambridge University Press 2018
Contents Introduction
v
Stage 7 2
2 Connecting ideas
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1 Talking about facts
10
3 Talking about differences and extremes 4 Helping verbs
18 31 41
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5 Words and phrases 6 Planning experiments
48
7 Results tables
54
 8 Graphs
60
9 Making conclusions
67
10 Answering questions
72
Stage 8
79
2 Connecting ideas
87
3 Talking about differences and extremes
96
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1 Talking about facts
4 Helping verbs
106
5 Words and phrases
114
6 Planning experiments
118
7 Results tables
124
8 Describing and interpreting graphs
128
9 Conclusions and explanations
135
10 Answering questions
139
Stage 9
1 Talking about facts
146
2 Connecting ideas
155
3 Talking about differences and extremes
164
4 Helping verbs
174
Original material Š Cambridge University Press 2018
Contents
iii
180
6 Planning experiments
185
7 Results tables
191
8 Drawing, describing and interpreting graphs
196
9 Interpreting results and evaluating methods
204
10 Answering questions Index
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5 Words and phrases
212 218 220
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Acknowledgements
iv
Contents
Original material Š Cambridge University Press 2018
Topic 1 Talking about facts – Stage 7 Introduction
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This topic helps you to talk about facts.
I n science, we often need to talk about facts. A fact is something we know is true. We always use the present simple tense to talk about facts, for example: Verb to be am is are
Who or what Verbs I, you, we, make, they draw, boil he, she, it
Example sentence I am a geologist. She is a scientist. They are biologists.
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Who or what I he, she, it you, we, they
Example sentences I draw a graph. You boil water in a kettle.
makes, He draws a graph. draws, boils Water boils at 100 °C. (It boils.)
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In English, we use singular (one thing) and plural (two or more things).
Writing a fact about one thing
Remember
The ‘s’ at the end of a word has different jobs in English.
Remember, when you have ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ or ‘they’ before a verb (make, draw, boil), you don’t add an ‘s’ to the end of the verb. You do add an ‘s’ to the end of a verb when you have ‘he’, ‘she’ or ‘it’ before the verb.
Singular countable = one thing you can count, for example: Countable – One thing (singular) A plant A plant is a living thing. A muscle A muscle is an organ. A cell A cell is very small.
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1 Talking about facts – Stage 7
Remember You need to use ‘a’ and ‘is’ to talk about one thing.
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2018
Stage 7 Topic 1
Remember
Countable – Two or more things (plural) Plants Plants are living things. Muscles Muscles are organs. Cells Cells are very small.
Don’t use ‘a’ with plurals. Use ‘are’ to write about two things.
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Don’t forget to write ‘s’ at the end of the thing.
Also, there are uncountable nouns. Uncountable nouns are things that are not individual objects.
Remember
Uncountable Water is a liquid. Sodium chloride is also called salt. Air is a gas.
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Don’t use ‘a’ with uncountables.
Use ‘is’ to write about uncountable things.
Talking about facts Stage 7 – biology Before you begin the exercises, you may want to look at: • Joints, on pages 12–13 in the Stage 7 Coursebook.
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1.1 Biology facts 1 What is a joint?
Complete the sentence to answer the question. A joint
2 Write the missing letters in the words below to make two types of joint. _i_e_
m_ve_b_e
3 Look at the words below. Rearrange these words to make facts. For example: body.
skeleton
Your
supports
your
Your skeleton supports your body.
Remember
Look out for the capital letters and full stops to help you put the words into the correct order. You can make these word cards yourself and practise putting them into the correct word order.
1 Talking about facts – Stage 7 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2018
3
Write the sentences below. has
fixed
The
skull
joints.
b
in
joints
There
are
cranium.
c
the
brain.
d
and
A
and
moveable
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a
fixed
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the
protects
The
the
moveable
the
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jawbone connects
cranium
4 a Name one place in the body where there is a ball-and-socket joint. There
b Draw a picture of a ball-and-socket joint and write some facts about it. Write your answers in full sentences. Picture
4
Facts
1 Talking about facts – Stage 7
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2018
skull.
joint
Stage 7 Topic 1 5 a Name one place in the body where there is a hinge joint. There
Facts
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Picture
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b Draw a picture of it and write some facts about it.
Talking about facts Stage 7 – chemistry
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Before you begin the exercises, you may want to look at: • Rocks, minerals and soils, on pages 104–113 in the Stage 7 Coursebook.
1.2 Chemistry facts
1 a What are scientists who study rocks called? Scientists who
b What is the layer of rock covering the Earth called? The layer
c What are rocks made from? Rocks
2 The letters in these words are not in the correct order. Put the letters in the correct order to make the names of three types of rock.
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3 Look at the italic words in the sentences below. Cross out the incorrect words. The first one is an example. Igneous rock are / is made from magma that has cooled. You can usually see / sees crystals in igneous rock.
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Rocks that cool quickly has / have small crystals. Rocks that cooler / cool slowly have large crystals. No crystals form / forms when the magma cools very quickly. Granite is / am an igneous rock.
am
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4 a Complete the sentences in the box with the words below. You can use each word once, more than once or not at all. makes
are
collect
is
presses
become
see
grow
Small pieces of rock and mud
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at the bottom of the sea. More layers settle on top and the weight down the layers. This solid rock. This type of rock called sedimentary rock. You can small grains in the rock. Sometimes dead plants and animals fall into the sediment. They part of the rock and form fossils.
Sedimentary rocks porous. Limestone an example of this type of rock.
b What type of rock is the information in 4a about? This information
5 a Look at the italic words in the box below. Some of them are correct, but there are five mistakes. Can you find them and correct them? Some rocks are buried deep underground. Here it is very hot and the pressures is high. These conditions changes the rock into metamorphic rock.
The grains in the rock squash together and this make the rock harder. It squash the gaps out of the rock so it are not porous anymore. An example of a metamorphic rock is marble.
b What type of rock is the information in 5a about? This 6
1 Talking about facts – Stage 7
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2018
Stage 7 Topic 1
Talking about facts Stage 7 – physics
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Before you begin the exercises, you may want to look at: • Using energy, on pages 144–157 in the Stage 7 Coursebook.
1.3 Physics facts
We need energy every day from the moment we get up in the morning to the time we go to bed.
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1 Write a list of five things you do on a typical day that need energy.
You need energy stored in your body to lead an active life. 2 Where do we get our energy from?
3 Think about when you climb the stairs. How are you using the energy stored in your body when you do this activity?
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4 Complete the table with more examples of energy sources and include details about each energy type. Write your answers in full sentences.
Chemical
Food,
Electrical
Plug socket,
Thermal (heat)
The sun,
Light
Lamp,
Fact
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Examples of sources
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Type of energy
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5 a Rearrange the letters below to make three other types of energy. latices
halterm incitek
b Write a fact about each of these other types of energy in the notepad below.
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1 Talking about facts – Stage 7
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2018
Stage 7 Topic 1
Words to add to your dictionary
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Notes
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Pronunciation borl-and-soket joynt ke-mi-kal kawnt kray-nee-yum kris-tals en-er-ji fakt fos-sel greyn hinj joynt ig-nee-yus rok jor-bown joynt mag-ma met-am-or-fik rok plur-el por-us rok se-di-men-tary rok sing-yu-la skul sorse
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Word ball-and-socket joint chemical count cranium crystals energy fact fossil grain hinge joint igneous rock jawbone joint magma metamorphic rock plural porous rock sedimentary rock singular skull source
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Topic 1 Talking about facts – Stage 8 Introduction This topic helps you to talk about facts.
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Look back at Stage 7 for more information about the present simple tense. You can also use the present simple tense to talk about negative things. Other verbs
I, you we, they do not stir the water solution.
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Verb to be I am not a chemist. you, we, they are not scientists he, she, it is not a physicist
He, she, does not hit the nail hard. It does not make a gas.
You can make short forms of negative verbs.
Short form I’m not You, we, they aren’t He, she, it isn’t I, you we, they don’t He, she, it doesn’t
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Full form I am not You, we, they are not He, she, it is not I, you, we, they do not He, she, it does not
Notice that you use ‘don’t’ to make a negative with ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’. You use ‘doesn’t’ with ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’. Also notice that after ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ doesn’t … , there is no ‘s’ at the end of the verb.
You add an ‘s’ to the end of most verbs with he, she or it before the verb. Have is different because it is an irregular verb. Irregular means it doesn’t follow the usual rule.
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Who or what I, you, we, they he, she, it
Irregular verb have has
Example sentence We have some good results. He has a graph.
Words ending with -ch, -ss, -zz and -o are spelled with -es at the end
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Verbs ending with: ‘-ch’, ‘-ss’, ‘-sh’, ‘-zz’ and ‘-o’.
Remember
Verb ending Example verb -ch watch
Example positive sentence She watches the experiment.
Example negative sentence She doesn’t watch the experiment.
-ss
pass
Time (it) passes very quickly.
Time (it) doesn’t pass very quickly.
-sh
wash
He washes the test tubes.
He doesn’t wash the test tubes.
-zz
fizz
The substance (it) fizzes.
go do
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-oo
The substance (it) doesn’t fizz.
It goes cloudy.
It doesn’t go cloudy.
She does the experiment well.
She doesn’t do the experiment well.
Talking about facts Stage 8 – biology
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Before you begin the exercises, you may want to look at: • The circulatory system, on pages 32–39 in the Stage 8 Coursebook.
1.1 Human circulatory system
1 Use these words to complete the sentence below.
arteries pulse heartbeat
A
is caused by a
pumping through your
. A pulse is blood
.
2 Write some facts about blood vessels and the circulatory system. Remember to write in full sentences.
Blood vessels
The circulatory system
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1 Talking about facts – Stage 8
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2018
Stage 8 Topic 1 3 Write some facts about what arteries and veins do and what they don’t do. Blood vessel
What they do
What they don’t do
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Arteries
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Veins
4 Answer these questions about blood. Remember to write in full sentences. a What colour is blood? b What is plasma?
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c Why are red blood cells red?
d What job do white blood cells do in the body?
Talking about facts Stage 8 – chemistry Before you begin the exercises, you may want to look at: • Elements and compounds, on pages 80–87 in the Stage 8 Coursebook • Mixtures, on pages 92–95 in the Stage 8 Coursebook.
1.2 Atoms, elements, compounds and mixtures 1 Look at Elsa’s notes to help you complete the facts below.
…… a substance that is made of only one kind of atom. It cannot be broken down. …… made of two or more different elements or compounds that are mixed together, without a chemical bond. They can be separated. …… made of two or more different elements. It can be broken down by a chemical reaction. …… the smallest particle of an element that can exist.
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a What is an atom? An atom is b What is an element?
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An element is c What is a compound? A compound is
A mixture is
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d What is a mixture?
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e Label these pictures. Use the words in bold from a, b, c, d.
2 a Put these words into the correct columns in the table below. air bronze carbon dioxide chlorine copper
fizzy drink fruit salad limestone oxygen salt
sea water sodium sugar tin water
Elements
Mixtures
b What useful mixture can you make from two elements in the table?
c Explain why this mixture is useful. ……………………… is useful
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Compounds
Stage 8 Topic 1 d Name a useful compound you can make from two elements in the table. e Explain why this compound is useful.
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Ideas for extra activities.
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Make cards like the ones below. Put each column on a different colour card. Cut them out and work in small groups to practise matching the cards together. For example, match an element to its definition and examples. Definitions
Element
oxygen
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Mixture
An element is ….
Examples
Compound
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Talking about facts Stage 8 – physics Before you begin the exercises, you may want to look at: • Light, on pages 148–151 in the Stage 8 Coursebook.
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1.3 Light
1 Light comes from many different objects. An object that produces light is called a light source. Light sources are considered to be luminous.
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a Draw four pictures of different light sources that you know.
b Write a fact about what a light source is.
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A light source
2 a Tick (✓) one box that shows how light travels through air.
b Write a fact about how light travels and how we know this fact. Light travels
We know this is true because
3 Look at the pictures. List which objects are luminous and which are non-luminous in the table. Can you think of any more examples?
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Stage 8 Topic 1 Non-luminous
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Luminous
4 Now write a fact about luminous and non-luminous objects.
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a A luminous object
b A non-luminous object
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5 a Look at the picture below.
The skyscraper is casting (making) a shadow at different times of the day. Draw where the Sun is and the rays of light from the Sun are for each picture.
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b Write about how shadows form.
Words to add to your dictionary ‘ii’ sounds like ‘eye’ Notes
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compound element light source luminous mixture non-luminous pulse shadow vein vessel
Pronunciation art-er-eez a-tum ser-kyul-ay-tery sistem kom-pawnd el-em-ent l-ii-yt sorse loo-min-us miks-cher non loo-min-us pulse sha-dow veyn ves-el
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Word arteries atom circulatory system
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Original material © Cambridge University Press 2018
Topic 1 Talking about facts – Stage 9 Introduction
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This topic helps you to talk about facts.
Look back at Stage 7 and 8 for more information about the present simple tense. You can make questions in the present simple tense. Verb ‘to be’ – question form Am I an ecologist? Are they atoms? Is it a catalyst?
Notice that with the verb ‘to be’, the first two words (for example, I am) change order (Am I) in the question form.
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Verb ‘to be’ I am an ecologist. They are atoms. It is a catalyst.
Remember
Positive Question form Vegetables contain fibre. Do vegetables contain fibre? Ice melts in the sun. Does ice melt in the sun?
Remember
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With general verbs, use do and does at the beginning of the question. Use do with plural nouns.
Use does with singular and uncountable nouns.
Talking about facts Stage 9 – biology Before you begin the exercises, you may want to look at: • Variation and inheritance, on pages 42–49 in the Stage 9 Coursebook.
Remember
Remember to use the English above and write your answers in full sentences.
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Original material © Cambridge University Press 2018
Stage 9 Topic 1 1.1 How do individuals belonging to the same species differ from each other?
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1 Here are some notes that Sam has made.
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a group of organisms not identical genes passed on from parents share the same features different genes environment can affect can breed together
Use Sam’s notes to help you complete the sentences. 1 a A species is b Variation c Inheritance
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2 The graph shows the number of people with different heights. Use the graph to complete the tasks below.
170–174
165–169
more than 174
height in cm
160–164
155–159
150–154
145–149
140–144
135–139
130–134
less than 130
number of people
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a Write two positive facts.
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b Write two negative facts.
Question Answer Question Answer
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c Write two more questions about the graph and answer them.
3 Complete the information below by writing words in the gaps. All chickens are members of the same
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but they do not all look the same. Differences between individuals belonging to the same species are called . The differences are caused by or factors.
4 a What variations can you see between the chickens in these pictures?
b Inherited variation is caused by genes passed on from parents to offspring. Name some factors that the young chicken in this picture inherited from its parent.
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Stage 9 Topic 1
caged chickens
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free-range chickens
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c Environmental variation is caused by differences in living conditions and surroundings, such as climate and food supply.
Name some positive and negative environmental factors for the free-range chickens.
Ideas for extra activities
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Write some multiple-choice quiz questions about variation and inheritance. Swap (exchange) quizzes with other students in your class. Here is an example.
What is a species?
A – a group of organisms with the same features B – living things that are identical C – genes
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faces boy girl CUP CP CB7 Physics Fig 6.3C 22/3/11 Eleanor Jones
Talking about facts Stage 9 – chemistry Before you begin the exercises, you may want to look at: • Energy changes, on pages 70–77 in the Stage 9 Coursebook.
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1.2 Chemical reactions
1 Look at Sam’s list of processes. Write each process in the correct column in the table below.
Endothermic process
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Exothermic process
PL
melting ice cubes rusting iron burning sugar cooking an egg making ice cubes evaporation of water
2 a Choose one exothermic process from the table and explain what happens. Draw a picture to help explain.
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Stage 9 Topic 1 b How do you know this is an exothermic process?
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PL
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3 a Choose one endothermic process from the table and explain what happens. Draw a picture to help explain.
b How do you know this is an endothermic process?
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Talking about facts Stage 9 – physics Before you begin the exercises, you may want to look at: • Electricity, on pages 140–147 in the Stage 9 Coursebook.
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1.3 Electricity
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1 a Draw lines to match each positive and negative box to the pictures. Notice that there are three positive and negative boxes but only two pictures. +
−
+
+
−
−
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b Look at Jon’s list of words.
attracted repel positive negative electric charge
Write some facts about what is happening in the two pictures in 1a. Try to use all of the words from Jon’s list. Remember to write in full sentences.
2 a Label the picture below using words from the list.
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conductor insulator copper plastic
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Stage 9 Topic 1
Jon started to write some notes. Finish his notes. b A conductor
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c An insulator
3 Look at the circuits below. Explain what is happening in each circuit.
Circuit A
silver ring
Circuit B
cotton wool
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Ideas for extra activities Look at the words in the table below. Get into small groups and ask each other questions about the words, for example: Can you tell me what a conductor is?
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What does static mean?
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Words to add to your dictionary ‘air’ sounds like the air that we breathe
Pronunciation at-rak-ted charj ser-kit kon-duk-ter end-ow-ther-mik ev-ap-or-ay-shun eks-ow-ther-mik jeen ha-bi-tat in-her-it-anse in-syer-lay-ter off-spring or-gan-iz-um pro-ses re-pel spee-shees sta-tik vair-ee-ay-shun
Notes
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Words attracted charge circuit conductor endothermic evaporation exothermic gene habitat inheritance insulator offspring organism process repel species static variation
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Original material © Cambridge University Press 2018