We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this resource.
PL E
Travel and Tourism for Cambridge IGCSE™ and O Level COURSEBOOK
SA
M
Stephen Rickerby, Ruth Figg & John Smith
Second edition
Digital Access
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this resource.
Unit 1
SA
M
PL E
Key concepts of travel and tourism LEARNING INTENTIONS
In this unit you will learn how to: •
identify and describe the main types of tourism
•
explain the main reasons why people travel and analyse the importance of the different reasons
•
understand and explain the importance of sustainability in travel and tourism
•
identify the different characteristics of travel and tourism, explain how they are related and analyse the associated difficulties
•
identify and describe the different types of tourists
•
identify and describe the different types of destinations.
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this resource. CAMBRIDGE IGCSE AND O LEVEL TRAVEL AND TOURISM: COURSEBOOK
TRAVEL AND TOURISM IN CONTEXT
A global phenomenon! For as long as humans have been on the earth, they have travelled. In early times, they travelled to find food, trade, explore new territories or visit neighbouring communities.
PL E
Today, the world is more connected than ever. It is now easier and cheaper than ever to travel to other countries and experience different cultures. Compared with our ancestors we travel for longer and further. We travel within our own country or region and much further, sometimes to the other side of the world. Developments in technology have made us more aware of other countries, destinations, cultures and events. Technology such as the internet and mobile phones mean we can easily research other countries. We watch international programmes, listen to global news and easily communicate with people from all over the world from our home or even while we are out. All of this stimulates a desire to go and experience the wonders we see and learn about.
Questions 1
Make a list of the reasons why people travel.
2
Discuss the factors that have enabled us to travel further distances for a longer time.
3
Discuss whether you agree with the statement from the UNWTO. Are there any reasons why tourism is not always a good thing?
SA
M
There is no doubt that travel and tourism is a global phenomenon. It is one of the world’s largest and fastest growing industries generating over US$8.9 trillion and supporting 330 million jobs. This means, around the world, on average, one in every ten jobs is in the travel and tourism industry. The industry is resilient: it has experienced continued growth, which is expected to keep going long into the future, despite local, national or global ‘shocks’, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Figure 1.1: Moraine Lake, Banff, Canada
The United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) states: Tourism can be a force for good in our world, playing a part in protecting our planet and its biodiversity, and celebrating what makes us human: from discovering new places and cultures to connecting with new people and experiences.
KEY WORDS destination: the place a tourist visits resilient: able to continue after a bad event. For example, a resilient destination will soon recover from an extreme weather event such as a severe storm, or from a natural disaster such as flooding.
2 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this resource. 1 Key concepts of travel and tourism
1.1 Main types of tourism Introduction
KEY WORDS
Travel documentation (for example, a passport or a visa) is not required. These can cost money and take time to acquire.
•
Tourists may be able to use their own transport (for example, cars). This can reduce costs and increase the convenience for the tourist.
Because of these advantages, domestic tourists can prepare their trip and depart very quickly. For example, they can decide to leave and be ready to go the next day. This helps to increase the demand for domestic tourism. The UNWTO reports that worldwide, domestic tourism is over six times bigger than international tourism. Countries such as China, India and the United States of America have a larger percentage of domestic tourism due to the geographical size of the country.
PL E
Tourism is the business of providing services such as transport, places to stay or entertainment for people who temporarily leave the place where they normally live, work or study. It includes how they move around and what they do when they get there. Tourism is a valuable industry that is worth a lot of money to many countries around the world. Tourists travel from place to place using the services and facilities provided by the tourism organisations and industry.
•
tourism: the business of providing services such as transport, places to stay or entertainment for people who temporarily leave the place where they normally live, work or study
As well as the benefits to tourists, domestic tourism has other advantages, for example: •
The environmental impacts of domestic tourism are often less. There are more opportunities for tourists to avoid flying, travel to shorter distances and use public transport.
•
Domestic tourism is less affected by global shocks as tourists will often feel safer from any threats or lack of certainty when travelling in their own country.
•
Domestic tourism can increase understanding of national culture and heritage.
tourist: a person who travels temporarily from one place to another
TIP
M
In statistics and research into tourism, tourists are sometimes also called ‘visitors’.
CASE STUDY
Domestic tourism is when a tourist travels within their own country.
‘We Travel Together’
SA
Domestic tourism
KEY WORD
domestic tourism: a type of tourism where tourists travel within their country of residence (where they live)
Domestic tourism has advantages for tourists. These are: •
There are no language barriers. This allows the tourist to travel around easily.
Figure 1.2: Travelling during the pandemic
•
The currency is the same so the tourist does not have to pay currency exchange costs.
•
The culture is similar so the tourist does not experience culture shock.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the government of Thailand provided Thai nationals over the age of 18 with an opportunity to take part in domestic tourism at a reduced cost. The domestic tourism campaign known as ‘We Travel Together’
3 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this resource. CAMBRIDGE IGCSE AND O LEVEL TRAVEL AND TOURISM: COURSEBOOK
CONTINUED
KEY WORDS
encouraged Thai nationals to travel within their own country. Tourists could stay in hotels, take domestic flights and use other tourism services such as food and attractions at a reduced price, with the government paying up to 40% of the costs.
inbound tourism: a type of tourism where tourists travel into a country
Questions
tourist/visitor arrivals: the number of international tourists/visitors who travel into a country during a given time. The term is used in tourism statistics.
PL E
Discuss in a pair or a group: 1
Explain the likely reasons why the government of Thailand introduced the ‘We Travel Together’ campaign.
2
What are the benefits of this campaign to Thai nationals?
3
What are the benefits of this campaign to the tourism industry in Thailand?
Inbound tourism
source market: the country that inbound tourists to a destination have travelled from (their country of residence)
Outbound tourism
M
Inbound tourism is when a tourist from one country travels into a country that is not their normal country of residence. They are known as inbound tourists. For example, if a tourist travelled from China into Malaysia, they would be an inbound tourist to Malaysia.
SA
The tourism industry in a country will closely monitor which countries their inbound tourists are from; they are known as the country’s source market for tourism. The government or ministry responsible for tourism within a country will create detailed statistics of tourism numbers and trends.
TIP
In tourism statistics, inbound tourists are often referred to as tourist arrivals. They are the tourists who are arriving into that country.
Outbound tourism is when a tourist leaves the country where they normally live and travels to another country. For example, a tourist who travels from China to Malaysia would be considered an outbound tourist as they are travelling out of China.
KEY WORD outbound tourism: a type of tourism where tourists travel out of their country of residence.
4 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this resource. 1 Key concepts of travel and tourism
ACTIVITY 1.1
•
currency exchange
•
transport, e.g. flights need to be booked before travel can take place
•
passports documents need to be up to date
•
visas for entry into the country
•
preparing for experiencing a different language and culture.
Day trip
PL E
Project: In small groups, research rates of tourism in your country and produce a report on what you have found out. Tourism statistics are usually published online by the Ministry of Tourism or similar government departments. Other useful sources of information are the UNWTO Tourism Data Dashboard and the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) Economic Impact Reports.
•
Research the rates of domestic, inbound and outbound tourism over the past five to ten years.
What trends do you notice in the data? Have the different types of tourism increased or decreased?
•
Suggest reasons for the trends you have identified.
•
Identify the main source markets for inbound tourism to your country and suggest reasons why.
•
Identify the countries most visited for outbound tourism from your country and suggest reasons why.
•
Considering all the information you have researched, make predictions for future trends in tourism in your country. Provide reasons for your predictions.
Often people do not realise they are a tourist when taking a day trip. It is useful to think back to the explanation of what tourism is. If the person is travelling away from the place where they normally live or work, they are a tourist.
M
•
Not all forms of tourism require the tourist to stay overnight in another place. A day trip is a form of tourism where the tourist returns home the same day; they travel for less than 24 hours, therefore there is no overnight stay. There are many reasons why people take day trips. Reasons include pleasure, e.g. travelling to the beach or a city; work, e.g. attending a meeting in another city or country; or visiting friends and relatives.
SA
REFLECTION
What did you learn from this activity about the size and importance of tourism in your country? How do you think you could apply your findings from this activity?
TIP
Tourists taking a day trip are sometimes referred to as day trippers or day visitors.
KEY WORD day trip: when a tourist travels for less than 24 hours
International tourism
Tourists travelling internationally, inbound or outbound, is called international tourism. International tourism takes more preparation and planning than domestic tourism. This depends on where they travel from and how far they travel. Preparation may include:
Figure 1.3: A short break in Barcelona
5 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this resource. CAMBRIDGE IGCSE AND O LEVEL TRAVEL AND TOURISM: COURSEBOOK
Short break A short break is a type of tourism. It is when a tourist stays away from their home for four nights or less. This could be a weekend trip or a mid-week trip.
1.2 Main reasons why people travel
Short breaks are popular as second holidays or for people who cannot stay away from home for longer periods of time because of work, health or other commitments.
Introduction
Short breaks have increased in popularity because of several factors; these include:
There are three main reasons why people travel. These are: •
leisure
•
more and easier access to different transport methods
•
business
•
increased wealth in some countries
•
visiting friends and family (VFR).
•
increasing demand for tourism.
PL E
The reasons why people travel are categorised based on the tourist’s main motivation for travel.
Leisure travel
Leisure travel is when tourists travel for the purpose of leisure, enjoyment or recreation, and is widely known as holidays or vacations. They are known as leisure tourists.
KEY WORDS
leisure travel: travel for the purpose of leisure, enjoyment or recreation
M
When thinking about the different types of tourism, it is important to consider where the tourists’ home is, where they are normally resident. There are so many variables, for example, some countries are large, and travel can take a long time; in Russia or the United States of America, for example, domestic tourism can require a long-haul flight. Other countries are small, or the tourist may live close to an international border and can travel internationally as a day trip.
KEY WORDS
leisure tourists: people who travel for the purpose of leisure, enjoyment or recreation
short break: a trip lasting four nights or less
SA
long-haul flight: a flight lasting longer than six hours
ACTIVITY 1.2
Which of the following statements about types of tourism are True and which are False? 1
Domestic tourists can also be called international tourists.
2
Inbound tourists travel into another country.
3
Outbound tourists stay within their own country of residence.
4
A short break is five nights or less.
5
A person who travels for less than 24 hours is not a tourist.
KEY CONCEPT LINK The different characteristics, wants and needs of leisure tourists and business tourists are explained in 1.5 Types of tourists.
The most common type of holidays are sun, sea and sand holidays; however, there are many other types of holidays, for example, sightseeing, shopping, pilgrimages and many more. Leisure tourists are only able to travel for the time they have available away from commitments such as work, school or family responsibilities. When they are away, their main focus is on enjoyment. Leisure travel varies in length from short breaks of up to four nights or longer, or for one or two weeks. The distance travelled has a significant influence on leisure holidays. Few leisure tourists are willing to travel long distances for a short break lasting three or four days as the journey itself can take a day of their available time.
6 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this resource. 1 Key concepts of travel and tourism
TIP
CONTINUED
In some countries, holidays are known as vacations.
Questions
CASE STUDY Slow travel
List the ways tourists can travel other than flying.
2
Analyse the benefits of slow travel to leisure tourists.
3
Discuss in groups the likely benefits of slow travel.
PL E
Slow travel is a form of sustainable tourism. Slow travel means tourists travel to a place and make the journey to that place part of the holiday experience. Generally, tourists will choose the fastest transport method available to them, usually flying, so they can spend as much time as possible at the place they are travelling to. Slow travel tourists choose not to fly, and instead use other methods of transport, for example, trains or boats.
1
Business travel
Business travel is when tourists travel for the purpose of work – they are known as business tourists. Business tourists travel alone or with other work colleagues.
KEY WORD
business tourist: a person who travels for the purpose of work to attend a meeting, conference or exhibition, or to take an incentive trip
M
Business travel is paid for by the company the tourist works for. In most cases the company will choose and organise the transport for the business tourist. They may also choose and organise a place for the tourist to stay. However, in some cases, business tourists will be given a budget and the freedom to choose their place to stay within that particular budget.
Figure 1.4: Glacier express train, Swiss Alps
SA
The result is that the travel experience is slowed down and becomes more enjoyable, allowing the tourist to appreciate the journey, too. Slow travel tourists also try to make their experiences and purchases throughout their journey locally, by choosing local transport methods whenever possible. This allows the tourists to experience local cultures, eat local food and have a more authentic (real) experience as they travel. This improves the whole experience.
Business tourists travel throughout the year, and travel is not influenced by as many factors as leisure travel, such as the weather or school holidays, for example. Business tourists have to go travel when their company tells them to, or when there is a work related need to go. Equally, they have to return once the work is complete, so they rarely have time to enjoy sightseeing in the area they travel to. The different types of business travel are known by the acronym MICE. Each type of business travel has a set of typical characteristics as seen in Figures 1.5 and 1.6.
Slow travel does not necessarily require more time away from home. It is a change of focus from the destination being the one main emphasis of the holiday to the whole journey becoming the holiday.
7 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this resource. CAMBRIDGE IGCSE AND O LEVEL TRAVEL AND TOURISM: COURSEBOOK
Meetings
Incentives
MICE
Visiting friends and relatives Exhibitions
Figure 1.5: MICE Tourism
Visiting friends and relatives, also referred to as VFR, is when tourists travel for the primary purpose of visiting other people, such as friends or family, to spend time with them. They are known as VFR tourists and VFR includes weddings or funerals.
PL E
Conferences
join a conference remotely or follow industry development online, resulting in less need for business travel. Business travel is likely to change further in the future as society and technology changes even more.
Advances in technology and changing global situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, along with an increased knowledge and understanding of the environmental impact of travel has changed the way businesses communicate. More meetings are held virtually, guests can
Incentives
visiting friends and relatives (VFR): travel for the purpose of visiting other people, such as friends or family
Business tourists meet for the purpose of exchanging information and making sales or future plans. •
Typically, they involve a small number of people.
•
They can be hosted within the company’s own offices.
•
The length of time depends on what needs to be achieved in the meeting and can vary from one hour to whole days.
M
Meetings
KEY WORD
A trip given to an employee as a reward for good work. Business tourists may be required to work whilst taking the incentive, for example, teamwork days or learning about a place or product. •
They can be for an individual or for a small number of people.
•
Incentives can be hosted anywhere and for any length of time. These are decided by the company giving the incentive and are heavily influenced by the cost.
SA
Conferences Business tourists attend for the purpose of learning about and discussing a topic of common interest with guest speakers.
Exhibitions
•
Large number of people attend.
•
They require a large space and specialist equipment so are typically hosted in specialist venues.
•
Conferences will have a set agenda (timetable of events) and usually take place over several days, e.g. 3–5 days.
Business tourists attend to network (meet other people in their industry) and to stay up to date on the latest developments in their industry. Products are displayed and business tourists walk around meeting and talking with other companies. •
Exhibitions vary in size, typically medium to large.
•
They are usually hosted over 3–5 days.
•
They require a large space and are often held in specialist venues.
Figure 1.6: The characteristics of different types of business travel
8 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this resource. 1 Key concepts of travel and tourism
Most VFR tourists will stay with their friends or family in their home. This makes it cheaper for the tourist. However, this is less beneficial for the travel and tourism industry because the tourists are not spending on hotels or other forms of accommodation, which contributes to the local economy. VFR tourists usually have days out or meals in restaurants with their friends or family, go shopping and spend money on other goods or services within the area they are visiting.
This may be because the procedure is not available in their home country or because it is cheaper in another country. This includes travel for cosmetic (when people want to change their appearance) or dental procedures. Other types of special interest travel include: •
Increased global migration and opportunities to work or study abroad have resulted in more VFR travel and tourism as people visit their friends and family round the world.
Copy and complete the grid below, thinking about the different reasons for travel. For each one, provide a brief explanation. Leisure What is the main purpose of travel? Who pays for the travel?
pilgrimage: a religious or spiritual journey
•
adventure – travel aimed at taking part in adventurous activities or travel with a degree of risk, for example, trekking, climbing or kayaking
•
cultural reasons – travel to learn or experience other cultures
•
sports – travel to watch a sports team or to take part in sports, for example, competing in a marathon in another city or country
•
health and well-being – travel to improve happiness, health and wellness. An example of this is spa tourism.
Business VFR
M
What is the average length of a trip?
KEY WORD
PL E
ACTIVITY 1.3
religious reasons – travel for religious journeys or pilgrimages to special places, for example, to Jerusalem or Mecca
SA
Who decides where the tourist travels to? Who travels?
Special interest travel
The reasons why we travel are complex. There are reasons for travel that are hard to place into the three main categories of leisure, business or VFR. Tourists may travel for a special purpose or a special interest which is not travel for business or for VFR. However, it may also not be simply for pleasure and enjoyment as with leisure travel. A good example of this is travel for medical reasons. Travel for medical reasons is when a tourist travels for essential or non-essential procedures, such as surgery.
These categories of special interest travel are forever changing as global situations, fashions and trends change.
REFLECTION What strategies have you found the most useful for remembering the different reasons why people travel? Share your strategies with another learner.
1.3 Sustainability in travel and tourism Introduction Our actions today can affect the future. For example, travelling to a tourist destination can cause pollution. Aircraft, ships, boats, cars, trains and buses can cause
9 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this resource. CAMBRIDGE IGCSE AND O LEVEL TRAVEL AND TOURISM: COURSEBOOK
air pollution. Tourism developments such as built attractions affect the natural environment. Building airports can mean clearing forests. Clean sea water can be polluted by waste water from hotels. Animal habitats (homes) can be damaged.
I have been thinking about food and sustainable tourism.
Tourism developments can affect the people who live in destinations. Traditional ways of life can be lost. For example, developing a tourism resort beside the sea may stop local people fishing. Some local people’s way of making a living may be lost.
PL E
Sustainability
Tourists can eat organic food produced where they are staying to reduce pollution from chemical pesticides and from transporting bought-in food.
Sustainability is about trying to protect the future environment and people’s ways of life from harm. Sustainable tourism today protects the future environment and people’s ways of life into the future. Tourists and tourism providers can behave in sustainable ways by reducing, re-using and recycling resources. Rose explains how tourism can reduce, re-use and recycle. Reduce, re-use and recycle are the 3Rs of sustainability.
KEY WORDS
Figure 1.7: Rose talks about the 3Rs
M
sustainability: our ability to sustain or conserve the environment and people’s ways of life into the future
A restaurant cook can r e-use surplus food that has not been used. The cook can re-use the surplus food for another meal and can recycle food waste. The 3Rs can also be followed for water, soap, paper . . . anything really.
resources: things that are useful to people, for example, water, wood, oil or equipment
SA
Sustainable travel and tourism Sustainable travel and tourism is: •
travelling to destinations in ways that are sustainable, for example, travelling by train instead of by air
•
staying in and visiting destinations in ways that are sustainable, for example, staying in eco-friendly accommodation.
KEY WORDS
sustainable travel and tourism: going to visit places in ways that help sustain or conserve the environment and how people live eco-friendly: describes products and behaviours that do little or no harm to the natural environment
Ecotourism and responsible tourism Ecotourism and responsible tourism are two types of sustainable tourism. Figure 1.8 shows how they relate to each other. Ecotourism is tourism to visit the natural environment. A tourist staying overnight on an organic farm in France could be an example of an ecotourist. The farm might provide eco-friendly accommodation if, for example: •
meals are made from organic food produced on the farm
•
waste is recycled
•
electricity is generated on the farm using wind or solar power.
Ecotourism is responsible tourism because responsible tourism involves behaving respectfully towards the environment and local people. Tourism to any destination can be responsible if visitors behave respectfully towards the environment and the local
10 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this resource. 1 Key concepts of travel and tourism
people. Tourists to a city destination can be responsible tourists if, for example, the tourists: •
do not litter the streets or make too much noise
•
hire a local tour guide
•
spend money in locally owned shops and restaurants.
responsible tourism
ecotourism
KEY WORDS
PL E
ecotourism: visiting a destination to enjoy the natural environment without causing damage responsible tourism: behaving respectfully towards the environment and local people
tour guide: a person who shows tourists around a destination
CASE STUDY
Figure 1.8: Types of sustainable tourism
M
Tourism today helps save tomorrow
Figure 1.9: An advertisement for the De ferme en ferme event
SA
De ferme en ferme (From farm to farm) is a weekend tourism event that happens in France every year. Tourists and local people can visit farms that practise sustainable farming. Visitors drive or cycle a few kilometres from farm to farm to discover the traditional ways of life of farming families and the environmentally-friendly methods the farmers use to produce organic food.
Many of the farmers who take part in the event sell the food they grow in their own farm shops and in local markets. Farm shops, local markets and the De ferme en ferme event are very popular with tourists who visit the French countryside. The De ferme en ferme event helps farmers promote their businesses to tourists and gain more income. The money that the farmers make means they can stay on their own land in the countryside and have no need to move to towns to find jobs.
Figure 1.10: De ferme en ferme tourism event
Questions 1
Who do you think would enjoy the De ferme en ferme tourism event? Would you enjoy the De ferme en ferme tourism event? Why?
2
Discuss in pairs how the De ferme en ferme tourism event can help save tomorrow.
3
Debate as a group how well the De ferme en ferme tourism event shows sustainable travel and tourism. Think about: a
ways the event helps sustainability
b
ways the event may not help sustainability.
11 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this resource. CAMBRIDGE IGCSE AND O LEVEL TRAVEL AND TOURISM: COURSEBOOK
TIPS
CONTINUED
•
Remember that sustainability is about what we do today to save and protect the environment and people’s lives in the future.
3
•
Ecotourism is only about visiting the natural environment, but responsible tourism can be about visiting any type of destination.
a
explain how the holiday to the natural destination could be ecotourism
b
explain how tourists to the urban destination can be responsible tourists
PL E
KEY CONCEPT LINK
Choose one natural environment destination and one city destination. Work with a partner to find out about one holiday to each destination. Produce a report to:
c
A key concept of travel and tourism is sustainability and responsibility. To help ensure sustainability in travel and tourism, tourists can behave responsibly and travel and tourism can be responsibly managed. Ecotourism is a type of responsible tourism. Ecotourists visit the natural environment in destinations that are usually rural. Ecotourism is managed so that visits to the natural environment do not damage it.
assess how sustainable both holidays are.
Include a conclusion that clearly summarises the relationships between sustainable tourism, responsible tourism and ecotourism. Prepare to be interviewed about your report’s findings by your teacher or another class member.
KEY WORDS
ACTIVITY 1.4
As a project, design a poster or flyer that a local tourist information centre could use to promote the De ferme en ferme tourism event.
•
ake a chart with the title De ferme en M ferme – an example of sustainability in travel and tourism.
SA
M
1
Your chart should include:
2
•
the meanings of sustainability, ecotourism and responsible tourism
•
ways the De ferme en ferme tourism event helps sustainability
•
ways the De ferme en ferme tourism event may not be helping sustainability.
flyer: a one-page piece of promotional material that can be used to market a tourism event tourist information centre (TIC): an office where useful information is made available to tourists
REFLECTION Think about the research you and your partner did for your report on the relationships between sustainable tourism, responsible tourism and ecotourism. Discuss with your partner what you have both learnt: •
What were your conclusions?
•
Do you think your conclusions would be different if you had researched different holidays to different destinations?
Present your chart to the rest of the class.
•
In pairs, research sustainable tourism, responsible tourism and ecotourism. What are the relationships between sustainable tourism, responsible tourism and ecotourism?
What do you think was good about the way you did your research?
•
What could you change how you did your research?
•
How would your change have improved your report?
12 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.