घरेलु बालश्रम सामुदायिक अभिमुखीकरण by CWISH

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6fOD; ls|ozg afn>d cGTosf nflu cGt/f{li6«o sfo{s|d, cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] sfof{no nlntk'/ g]kfn .

k|fSsyg ljZje/ sl/a @$ s/f]8 afnaflnsfx¿ ljljwvfn] >ddf ;+nUg eO{ cfkm\gf] afnfkg latfpg afWo 5g\ . oLdWo] clwstd afnaflnsfx¿ c;+ul7t jf cw{;u+ l7t If]qsf] >ddf ;+nUg 5g\ . afn>d xfd|f] ;dfhsf] gsf/fTds kf6f] xf], h;n] dfgj ;Eotfdfly g} k|Zg p7fpF5 . 3/]n' afn>d o:t} afn>dsf] If]qx¿dWo] Ps k|dv ' >d If]q xf] . g]kfndf klg %% xhf/eGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿ 3/]n' >ddf ;+n + Ug eO{ hLjg ofkg ul//x]sf 5g\ . 3/]n' >ddf afnaflnsfsf] ;+nUgtfn] afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s dfgl;s / ;fdflhs ljsf;df c;/ t u5{ g} ;fy} ;Dk'0f{ ;dfhnfO{ g} w]/} kl5 ws]Nb5 / lg/Gt/ ul/aLtkm{ pGd'v u/fpFb5 . t;y{ klg o; 3/]n' afn>d k|yfsf] cGTo x'g' h?/L 5 . 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0f tyf 3/]n' >ddf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] k|yfs} cGTo ug{sf nflu ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L kIfx¿af6 w]/} k|oTgx¿ ul/g' h?/L 5 . g]kfndf >L %sf] ;/sf/ / cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gn] ;+oQ ' m ¿kdf lgs[i6 k|sf/ | nfu" ul//x]sf] 5 / 3/]n' afn>d o; sf] afn>d cGTo ug{ ;doa4 sfo{sd sfo{sd | sf] Ps k|dv ' nlIft ;d"x klg xf] . 3/]n' afn>ddf c;fWo} sd k|oTgx¿ ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;sf] sf/0f eg]sf] 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ a'em\g] / o;df x:tIf]k ug{ cfjZos ;Lk tyf cg'ejsf] sdL klg xf] eGg] nfUb5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf l;lj; -;dfh ;]jftyf dfgj clwsf/df dlxnf / afnaflnsf_ n] 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0f cGTosf nflu :yfgLo lgsfo ljz]ift gu/kflnsfx¿ / cGo u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{ p4]Zon] ljleGg lgb]l{ zsfx¿ k|sflzt u/]sf]df ;j{ky| d t l;lj;nfO{ xflb{s awfO tyf wGojfb lbg rfxfG5' . oL lgb]l{ zsfx¿n] 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0fsf] cGTo tyf lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>d cGTosf nflu ljleGg lgsfox¿ljr ;dembf/L a9fO{ 3/]n' afn>d lgjf/0f ug{ pTk|l] /t ug]5 { / cfjZos sfo{sd | x¿ ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfox¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng]5 eGg] cfzf lnPsf] 5' . ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

oL lgb]l{ zsfx¿sf] k|sfzg g]kfndf afn>dlj?4sf] cleofgdf Ps sf];9] u+' f ;flat x'g5 ] eGg] klg czff /fv]sL 5' . o; lgb]l{ zsfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;Gbe{df b]vfk/]sf sdL sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ cf}N+ ofO{ k|fKt ;'emfjx¿sf] cfwf/df l;lj;n] cfufdL lbgdf lgb]l{ zsfx¿sf] kl/dfh{g tyf k'gM k|sfzg ub}{ hfcf];\ eGg] klg z'esfdgf lbg rfxfG5' . ' Psf cGtdf l;lj;nufot 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0flj?4sf] cleofgdf ;+nUg x'ge ;Dk"0f{ ;+3;+:yf÷AolQmx¿nfO{ o; lgb]l{ zsf kmnbfoL x'g5 ] eGg] k"0f{ ljZj:t 5' . wGojfb .

n}nf 6}Udf] /]•L lgb]{zs cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] sfo{no nlntk'/ g]kfn ldlt @))%, @& h'g

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cfef/ ljZjdf @$ s/f]8eGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿ >ddf ;+nUg /x]sf] lttf] oyfy{leq afFlr/x]sf xfd|f afnaflnsfx¿sf] eljio / To;n] emNsfpg] xfd|f] ;dfhsf] jt{dfg tyf eljio b'j} cToGt} uDeL/ / lrGtfhgs b]lvG5 . xfd|f] b]zdf klg aL; nfveGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿ >ddf ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ h;dWo] ! nfv @& xhf/ afnaflnsfx¿ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>ddf ;+nUg /xL cfkm\gf] hLjg ofkg ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;/L lgs[i6 afn >ddf ;+nUg x'g afWo ePsf afnaflnsfx¿df ;jf{lws ;+Vof 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] /x]sf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] tYofÍcg';f/ g]kfnsf ;x/L If]qdf dfq %% xhf/eGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿ 3/]n' >ddf ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ . 3/]n' >ddf ;+nUg afnaflnsfx¿ ljleGgvfn] lx+;f, zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/x¿ vKg afWo eO/x]sf 5g\ / klg o:tf] cj:yfdf yf]/} dfq ;+3;+:yf tyf ;/sf/L lgsfox¿n] o; If]qnfO{ cfjZos dfqfdf Wofg k'/o\ fpg ;ls/x]sf] b]lvFbg} eg] eO/x]sf k|of;x¿df klg sdL sdhf]/Lx¿ b]lvG5g\ . o; cj:yfdf 3/]n' >ddf cf7 aif{eGbf a9L ;do sfo{/t /xL nfdf] cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf] ;+:yfsf] x}l;otn] klg xfdLn] cfkm\gf cg'ejx¿ ljleGg ;+3;+:yf tyf ;/sf/L lgsfox¿;Fu ;f6f;f6 ug'{ h?/L b]lvG5 h;n] ubf{ cfufdL lbgdf o; If]qdf x'g] ljsf;] x:tIf]kx¿ k|efjsf/L / kl/0ffdd'vL x'g ;s"g\ . oxL s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ xfd|f] ;+:yf ;dfh;]jf tyf dfgjclwsf/df dlxnf / afnaflnsf -l;lj;_ n] 3/]n' afn>d / x:tIf]ksf pkfox¿ ljifoleq ljleGg sfo{lgb]l{ zsfx¿ t}of/ u/]sf] 5 / To;} cGtu{t of] æ3/]n' afn>d ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0fÆ k':ts oxfFx¿dfem k|:t't ug{ kfpFbf xfdLnfO{ cToGt} v';L nfu]sf] 5 . xfdL cfzf ub{5f}+ xfd|f] of] k|of; 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0fsf] cGTosf nflu cjZo g} ;fy{sl;4 x'g5 ] / o;sf nflu y'k}| kf7sx¿n] o;df n]lvPsf pkfox¿nfO{ Jojxfl/s ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ug'x{ g' 5 ] . ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

of] k':ts t}of/ kfg{ cxf]/fq ldx]gt ug'x{ g' ] /d]z kf}8n ] tyf a]bk|;fb ;fksf]6fnfO{ xfdL wGojfb glbO/xg ;Sb}gf}+ . ;fy} o;df z'4fz'l4 x]l/lbg] ;'efj yfkf, o;sf] n]—cfp6 l8hfOgsf sfd ug'x{ g' ] 6fOD; ls|ozgsf ;'j0f{ efO / o;df cfjZos lrqx¿ agfO{ ;3fpg'xg' ] /fhg sfkm\n,] k[YjL >]i7 / pbo efOnfO{ xfdL w]/—} w]/} wGojfb lbg rfxfG5f}+ . o; k':ts k|sfzg ug{ cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] ;+:yf cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gk|lt xfdL cfef/ JoQm ug{ rfxfG5f}+ . cGtdf o; k':ts lgdf{0f, k|sfzg tyf ljt/0fdf ;3fpg'xg' ] l;lj;df cfj4 ;Dk"0f{ efOalxgLx¿ tyf sd{rf/L ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg w]/—} w]/} wGojfb lbg rfxfG5' . of] k':ts xfd|f] klxnf] k|of; xf], t;y{ xfdL] o;df ;Defljt sdL / q'l6x¿sf] ;DefjgfnfO{ gsfg{ ;Sb}gf}+ . To;}n] xfdL oxfFx¿sf] ;'emfj, k|ltls|ofsf] af6f] x]l//x]sf x'g5 ] f}+ .

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e"ldsf cfh ljZjdf @$ s/f]8eGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿ >ddf ;+nUg eO{ hLjg ljtfpg k/]sf]n] lzIff, :jf:Yo, dgf]/~hgnufotsf afnclwsf/af6 jl~rt x'g afWo eO{/x]sf 5g\ . afn>ddf ;+nUg ePs} sf/0fn] bzf}+ nfv afnaflnsfx¿ zf/Ll/ s dfgl;s ljsf; ug{af6 al~rt x'g k'us ] f 5g\ . xfd|f] b]zdf 7"nf] ;+Vofdf / x]sf uf]7fnf, vnf;L, xf]6n ] nufot ljljw If]qdf sfd ug]{ afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yf o:t} kL8fbfoL 5 . cem 3/sf] rf/ kvf{nleq /x]/ lgl/x eP/ laxfgb]lv a]ns ' f;Dd 3/leqsf wGbfx¿ n'?n'? ul//xg] 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yf emg} uDeL/ 5 . xfd|f] b]zsf] ;x/L If]qdf dfq %% xhf/eGbf a9L 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ 5g\, h;sf] hLjg si6bfoL 5 / tTsfn ;'wf/fTds tyf lgif]wfTds x:tIf]kx¿ ug'{ h?/L b]lvG5 . o;} ;Gb{edf !$ aif{ eGbf klg sd pd]/sf afnaflnsx¿nfO{ >ddf ;+nUg gu/fpg / !$ jif{eGbf dfly pd]/sf afnaflnsfx¿ 3/]n' >ddf ;+nUg eO{/xFbf pgLx¿sf] clwsf/ /Iff ug{ /f]huf/bftf / ;d'bfosf cGo JolQmx¿nfO{ ;r]t agfpg / kl/rfng ug{ h?/L 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df of] ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb{l] zsf tof/ ul/Psf] xf] .

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nf nf nf nf nf=========================== cfwf ;fgf] cfwf ;fgf]

/ft;Dd ;w}+ sfd ug'k{ 5{ —@ sfFwdf sfd} sfdsf] af]em kg]{ u5{ —@ /ft;Dd ;w}+ sfd ug'k{ 5{ —@ sfFwdf sfd} sfdsf] af]em kg]{ u5{ —@

nfn nfn nfn nfn nfn nfn nf/fnf nf slt vfpFm h'7f]k/' f] slt vfpmF ufnL ;+uLt =================================== slt vfpFm h'7f]k/' f] slt vfpmF ufnL af]Ng klg 8/dbf]{ x'G5 ;w}e + l/ —@ cfdf a'af;Fu e]6g\ cfFQs ] f] 5 dg —@ dgsf] s'/f s;nfO{ egf}+ sf] 5 ;'Gg] hg —@ k9\g] n]Vg] xfd|f] wf]sf] slxn] k"/f xf]nf ;+uLt =================================== k9\g] n]Vg] xfd|f] wf]sf] slxn] k"/f xf]nf xfd|f nflu s;n] kf] ;f]lrlbg] xf]nf —@ df}sf kfP xfdL klg of]Uo aGg ;S5f}+ —@ 3/, ;dfh, b]zsf] nflu s]xL g s]xL u5f}{+ —@ cfwf /ft;Dd ;w}+ sfd ug'k{ 5{ —@ ;fgf] sfFwdf sfd} sfdsf] af]em kg]{ u5{ —@ 3/, ;dfh, b]zsf] nflu s]xL g s]xL u5f}{+ —$ ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

;xhstf{nfO{ lgb]z{ g ;d'bfodf 3/]n' afn>dlj?4 r]tgf clej[l4 ug{ tyf pgLx¿nfO{ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>dlj?4sf] cleofgdf ;fd]n u/fpgsf nflu pgLx¿aLr # 306fsf] 5nkmn rnfpg] p2]Zon] of] lgb]l{ zsf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . ;d'bfoaLr 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ lgDg s'/fdf Wofg k'¥ofpg'xf];\ . !=

5nkmn sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{c ' l3 ;xefuLx¿;Fu ;xh jftfj/0f agfO{ kl/ro ug{x' f];\ / o;kl5 # 306f;Dd 3/]n' afn>dsf] af/]df 5nkmn ul/g] af/]df 5nkmn ul/g] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ .

kl/rokl5 klxnf] lqmofsnfksf] ¿kdf ;xhstf{n] æafn>ldssf] kL8fÆ uLt cfkm" klg ufpg'xf];\ / ;xefuLx¿nfO{ p7\g cg'/f]w ub}{ pgLx¿nfO{ klg ;Fu;Fu} ufpg nufpg'xf];\ . o;kl5 lgb]l{ zsfdf pNn]v ePsf] k|lqmof ckgfO{ 5nkmn rnfpg'xf];\ .

;xefuLx¿aLr ;xh jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{sf] nflu r'l6\snf, 5f]6f syf, sljtf uLt cflb ;'gfpg] / ;xefuLx¿nfO{ klg ;'gfpg nufpg'xf];\ .

$= ;xefuLx¿;Fu ;s];Dd a9L cGt/lqmof ug{x' f];\ . ;Defif0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ ;s];Dd sd ug{x' f];\ . %=

of] lgb]l{ zsf ;d'bfodf 5nkmn rnfpgsf] nflu Ps dfq ljsNk xf]Og . ;xhstf{n] o;b]lv afx]s cGo l;h{gfTds 9+uaf6 klg 5nkmnnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ;Sg'xg' 5 ] .

5nkmn sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf cfrf/;+lxtfdf x:TffIf/ ug{ cfXjfg ug'x{ f];\ .

5nkmn sfo{qmd s:tf] nfUof] < ;xefuLx¿af6 k[i7kf]if0f dfUg'xf];\ .

*= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ sfo{qmddf ;xefuL ePsf]df wGojfb lb+b} sfo{qmd ;dfkg ePsf] hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ . 12 ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

k|yd r/0f 3/]n' afn>lds sf] x'g\ < ;do M ^) ldg]6

p2]Zo 5nkmnsf] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿ 3/]n' afn>d / lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>dsf] af/]df atfpg ;Sg]5g\ .

lqmofsnfk != ;xefuLx?nfO{ Go'hlk|G6df n]lvPsf] ædgs'df/Lsf] syfÆ k9\g nufpg] / lgDg k|Zgx?sf] cfwf/df 5nkmn rnfpg] .

dgs'df/L zfxsf] syf dxf]Q/Lsf] uf}zfnfdf km}lnPsf] sfnfhf/sf] dxfdf/Lsf] sf/0f dgs'df/L ;fg} x'bF f pgsf cfdfafa'sf] d[To' eof] . xh'/cfdf / sfsfsf] x]/rfxaf6 pgL / pgsf efOalxgLx¿ x'ss {] f lyP . pgsf b'Oj{ 6f efO tyf Pp6L alxgL lyP . b'Oj{ 6f efOx¿dWo] Ps hgf kf]v/fdf / Ps hgf sf7df8f}d + f 3/]n' afn>ldssf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ uy]{ . alxgL rflxF ;fg} ePsf]n] xh'/cfdf;Fu a:blyOg\ . pgL rflx+ lj/f6gu/sf] Ps hgf pBf]ukltsxfF a;]sL lyOg\ . !# jif{sL dgs'df/Ln] :s'n hfg] tLa| dg x'bF fx'bF } klg o:tf] cj;/ slxNo} kfOgg\ . laxfgb]lv a]ns ' f !) ah];Dd efG;fs} wGbf ub}{ pgnfO{ 7Ls x'GYof] . efG;fsf] sfdaf6 km';b{ kfPsf] ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

a]nf n'uf w'g] tyf cGo ;/;kmfO ug]{ sfd ug'{ kb{Yof] . c¿sf] cfdfafa'n] 5f]/ f 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ dfof u/]sf] b]Vbf pgnfO{ cfkm\gf cfdfafa'sf] ;Demgfn] ;tfpFYof] / c¿n] gb]Vg] u/L n's/] ?g] ub{lyg\ . pgnfO{ dlxgfjf/L ? @)) .– lbOg] ul/GYof] . Tof] klg dflnsn] xh'/cfdfnfO{ lbg] u/]sf] x'gfn] pgL Tof] k};f cfkm" rnfpg kfpFlbglyOg\ . dflnssf 5f]/fx¿af6 k6s–k6s of}gzf]if0f / b'Jo{jxf/sf] l;sf/ x'g' kb{Yof] t/ pgsf] ph'/L ;'Gg] sf]xL lyPg . Psk6s cfkm"dfly ePsf] o:tf] Jojxf/sf] af/]df dflnSgL;Fu eGbf dflnSgLn] pN6} cfkm\gf 5f]/fsf] kIf lnP/ dgs'df/LnfO{ huN6\ofPsL lyOg\ . o;a]nf t dgs'df/Ln] dflnSgL;Fu s]xL eGg] cfF6 ug{ ;lsgg\ t/ dgdg} kl5 7"nf] eP/ dflnSgL / p;sf 5f]/fx¿n] u/]sf] b'Jo{jxf/sf] lj?4df abnf lng] c7f]6 ul/g\ .

5nkmnsf nflu k|Zgx¿ != dgs'df/Lsf] cfdfafa'sf] s;/L d[To' eP5 < @= pgsf b'O{ hgf efOx¿ s] sfd ubf{ /x]5g\ < #= dgs'df/L s;sf] 3/df sxfF a;]sL /lx5g\ < $= pgn] ToxfF s]–s] sfdx¿ ug'{ kbf]/{ x]5 < %= pgn] :s'n hfg] cj;/ lsg kfOgl5g\ < ^= pgL lsg s;}n] gb]Vg] u/L n's/] ?g] ub{lyg\ < &= dflnsn] lbPsf] tna dgs'df/Ln] rnfpg kfpFlyg\ < ] L xf]lng\ < *= pgnfO{ dflnSgLn] lsg s'6s (= pgL s:tf] k|sf/sf] afn>lds x'g\ < !)= 3/]n' afn>lds s;nfO{ eGg] < !!= lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>d eg]sf] s] xf] < !@= ufF;, af;, skf;, lzIff, :jf:Yonufotsf afnaflnsfn] kfpg] ;a} lsl;dsf clwsf/x¿ pkef]u ub}{ afnaflnsfs} JolQmTj ljsf;sf] nflu cfkm\g} 3/leq nufOg] ;fdfGo sfd afn>d xf] < 14 ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

@= ;xefuLn] eg]sf clGtd tLgj6f k|Zgsf] pQ/ Go'hlk|G6÷sfnf]kf6Ldf l6Kg'xf];\ . #= ;xefuLx?aLr a'l4dfgsf] syf Go'hlk|G6df n]vL s'g} Pp6f ;xefuLnfO{ ;a}n] ;'Gg] u/L k9\g nufpg] .

a'l4dfgsf] syf t]xy| d ' 3/ ePsf] a'l4dfg nfdfnfO{ 3/df vfg nufpg g} wf}–wf} k/]sf]n] * jif{s} pd]/df p;sf] sfsfn] sf7df08f} NofO{ xl/axfb'/sf] 3/df dlxgfsf] ? @)).– Kffpg] u/L /flvlbP . a'l4dfgn] xl/axfb'/sf 3/df 3/leqsf sfdx¿sf] cltl/Qm af/Ldf ;fukft /f]Kg] sfd klg ug{' kb{Yof] . ;'?s} lbgb]lv xl/axfb'/ / pgsf] kl/jf/n] a'l4dfgnfO{ /fd|f] Jojxf/ u/]sf lyP . Ps b'O{ dlxgf al;;s]kl5 a'l4dfgn] klg OdfGbf/L;fy sfd ug{ yfNof] . pm xl/axfb'/sf] 5f]/fsf] ;fyL klg eof] . o;} qmddf xl/axfb'/n] a'l4dfgnfO{ 3/ glhs} Pp6f u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] ;+rfng u/]sf] cgf}krfl/s afnsIffdf egf{ ul/lbP . a'l4dfg afnsIffdf k9\g kfpFbf ;fx|} g} v';L eof] lsgls p;n] k9\g kfpF5' eGg] s'/f ;f]rs ] } lyPg . p;n] /f]huf/bftfnfO{ cfk\mg} cleefjssf] ¿kdf ;Demg yfNof] . xl/axfb'/n] dlxgfsf] ? @)).– a}s + df hDdf ul/lbg yfn] . dlxg}lkR5] a'l4dfgnfO{ hDdf ePsf] ?lkofFsf] hfgsf/L lbg yfn] . a'l4dfgn] gf} dlxg] cgf}krfl/s sIff /fd|/L kf/ u¥of] . o;kl5 xl/axfb'/n] ;+:yfsf] ;xof]u lnP/ ljBfnodf sIff $ df egf{ ul/lbP . a'l4dfg ;/f;/ sIffdf kf; x'bF } uof] lsgls pm hlxn] klg sfd ;s]/ k9\g] / u[xsfo{ ug]{ ub{Yof] . ga'em]sf] s'/f xl/axfb'/nfO{ ;f]Wg] ub{Yof] . rf8af8df xl/axfb'/n] a'l4dfgnfO{ gofF n'uf xflnlbg], tnasf] cltl/Qm o;f] b'Or { f/ k};f k'm/df;L ug{ klg lbg] ub{y] . a'l4dfg a]nfavtdf 3/kl/jf/;Fu e]63f6 ug{sf nflu t]xy| d ' klg hfg] ub{Yof] . ;f]xL 3/df a;]/ a'l4dfgn] cfO= P=;Dd kf; u¥of] . kl5 p;n] xl/axfb'/s} ;Nnfxdf cfO= P= k9]sL Pp6L o'jtL;Fu ljx] u/L xl/axfb'/s} 3/ glhs} 8]/f lnP/ a:g yfn] . a'l4dfgn] xl/axfb'/sf] 3/df hDdf ePsf] k};fn] Pp6f k;n vf]nL hLjg lgjf{x ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . k|To]s b'Mv;'vdf xl/axfb'/sf] 3/ hfg] cfpg] ub{5g\ . ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

$= cl3Nnf] k6s ;'gfOPsf] dgs'df/Lsf] syf / a'l4dfgsf] syfdf s] km/s 5 < ;xefuLx?nfO{ k|Zg ug{'xf];\ / b'O{rf/ hgf ;xefuLx?nfO{ pQ/ eGg nufpg'xf];\ . %= kl5Nnf] syfdf a'l4dfgsf] hLjg ;kmn x'g'sf] kl5 s]–s] sf/0fx? 5g\ < ^= lgisif{sf] ?kdf 3/]n' afn>fd, lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>fd / afnsfd eg]sf] s] xf] < eGg] Go'hlk|G6df n]lvPsf] ;fdu|L k|:t't ug{'xf];\ .

afn>d s] xf] < afn>dsf nflu If]qLo sfo{;d"x -cf/8An'hL–l;Pn_n] u/]sf] kl/efiffcg';f/ !* jif{dl' gsf afnaflnsfåf/f pgLx¿sf] :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, af}l4s, g}lts tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df gsf/fTds k|efj kg]{ u/L tyf pgLx¿sf] lzIff k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ s'l07t x'g] u/L ul/g] sfd g} afn>d xf] .

afnsfd s] xf] < afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s dfgl;s ljsf;df gsf/fTds c;/ gkg]{ u/L pgLx¿sf] ;fdflhsLs/0f ug{, ;Lkx¿ l;Sg l;sfpgsf nflu tyf afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f x'g] u/L cfkm\g} 3/df jf ljBfnodf jf ;dfhdf u/fOg] sfd afn>d xf]Og . o:tf sfdx¿n] afnclwsf/;DaGwL s'g} klg cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gx¿n] ;'lglZrt u/]sf clwsf/x¿dfly x:tIf]k ub}g{ g\ .

3/]n' afn>d s]nfO{ eGg] < sfg'gåf/f dfGotfk|fKt sfd ug]{ pd]/ gk'u]sf jf ;f]eGbf sd pd]/sf afnaflnsfx¿ t]>f] JolQm jf /f]huf/bftfsf] 3/]n' sfdwGbfdf ;+nUg x'g] sfo{nfO{ g} 3/]n' afn>d elgG5 .

s:tf] 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>d eGg] < sfg'gåf/f dfGotfk|fKt sfd ug]{ pd]/eGbf sd pd]/sf jf ;f] pd]/ k'us ] f afnaflnsfx¿ bf;, bf;h:tf] Jojxf/ jf afFwf >d, ha/h:tL >d, a]rlavg 16 ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

tyf of}gzf]if0f jf b'Jo{jxf/df k/L lzIff, :jf:Yo, g}ltstfdf uDeL/ lsl;dsf] c;/ kg]{ cj:yfdf t]>f] JolQm jf /f]huf/bftfsf] 3/]n' sfdwGbfdf ;+nUg x'g] sfo{nfO{ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>d elgG5 . afnsfd afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;fhdflhs ljsf;df c;/ ub}g{ afnaflnsfx? lx+;f, b'Jo{jxf/ tyf z]if0faf6 ;'/lIft x'G5g\ . afnaflnsfsf] ljrf/ / efjfgfsf] plrt sb/ ul/Psf] x'G5 .

afn>d afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;fhdflhs ljsf;df c;/ ub{5 . afnaflnsfx? lx+;f, b'Jo{jxf/ tyf z]if0faf6 ;'/lIft x'bg} g\ . afnaflnsfsf] ljrf/ / efjgfsf] plrt sb/ ul/b}g .

&= g]kfndf 3/]n' afn>fldsx? slt 5g\ < tYofÍ k|:t't ug{'xf];\ . cfOPncf]–cfOk]sn] ;g\ @))! df g]kfnsf] /fhwfgL sf7df08f}df u/]sf] ¥oflk8 Pl;:d]G6cg';f/

k|To]s % j6f 3/dWo] Pp6fn] afn>ldsx¿ /fVg] u/]sf] s'/f cg';Gwfgn] k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 .

k|foM wgf8\o 3/x¿n] ! hgf k"0f{sfnLg 3/]n' >lds /fVg] u/]sf 5g\ .

;du|df eGbf /fhwfgL sf7df08f} dxfgu/kflnsfdf dfq !% jif{dl' gsf sl/a @@ xhf/ afnaflnsfx¿ 3/]n' >ddf ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ .

g]kfndf !* jif{dl' gsf 3/]n' >ldsx¿ s'n *# xhf/ /x]sf 5g\ . tLdWo] sl/a $@ xhf/ ^ ;o &$ hgf !$ jif{ jf ;f]dl' gsf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ 5g\ .

tLdWo] @ ltxfO !) b]lv !$ jif{;Ddsf afnaflnsfx¿ sfddf ;+nUg 5g\ .

o;af6 g]kfndf !) b]lv !$ jif{s} pd]/b]lv 3/]n' >ddf k|jz ] ub{5g\ eGg] kfOPsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

tLdWo] w]/h } ;f]n] tna gkfPsf] / cfwfeGbf a9L s]6fx¿ ePsf] atfOPsf] 5.

&@ k|ltzt 3/]n' afn>ldssf cfdfafa' b'j} lhpFb} /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

afn>ddf k7fpg] clwsf+z 3/x¿df $ b]lv ^ hgf;Ddsf] hfxfg 5 .

z}lIfs ;fdu|L æ3/]n' afn>ldssf syfx¿Æ, 3/]n' afn>lds sf] x'g\ <, lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>d, afnsfd / g]kfndf afn>ldsx¿ slt 5g\ <

;Demg}kg]{ s'/f

olb s'g} afnaflnsfx¿ hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu jf >ldssf] ¿kdf c?sf] 3/df uP/ bf; jf bf;h:t} sfd ub{5g\ eg] To:tf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ 3/]n' afn>lds elgG5 .

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ 3/leqsf sfddf nuftf/ nflu/xg'kg]{ x'bF f pgLx¿n] k9\g, v]Ng, dgf]/~hg ug cj;/ kfPsf x'bF g} g\ . pgLx¿n] ;fg} pd]/df sfd ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 .

o;/L 3/df /flvPsf afn>ldsx¿ !$ jif{dl' gsf 5g\, jf !$ jif{dflysf eP klg bf; h:t} eP/ sfd ug'k{ /]sf] 5, k9\g, v]Ng kfpFbg} g\, a]rlavgdf k/]sf 5g\, oftgf, of}gzf]if0f jf b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf 5g\ eg] o:tf] cj:yfsf] 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] jf uDeL/ lsl;dsf] zf]if0f ePsf] 3/]n' afn>d elgG5 .

t/ afnaflnsfnfO{ k9\g,] v]Ng] cflb cj;/x¿ lbO{, ;Lkx¿ l;Sg l;sfpgsf nflu tyf afnclwsf/x¿sf] ;+/If0f x'g] u/L cfkm\g} 3/df jf ljBfnodf u/fOg] sfd afn>d geO{ afnsfd xf] .

18 ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

bf];f| ] r/0f 3/]n' afn>dsf] sf/0f / c;/ ;do M #) ldg]6

p2]Zo ;xefuLx¿ 3/]n' afn>dsf] sf/0f, kl/0ffd / ug'k{ g]{ sfdsf] af/]df atfpg ;Sg]5g\ .

lqmofsnfk != ;xefuLx?nfO{ b'O{ ;d"xdf ljefhg u/L Pp6f ;d"xnfO{ 3/]n' afn>fdsf] sf/0f / csf]{ ;d"xnfO{ 3/]n' afn>fdaf6 afnaflnsf, ;dfh / b]znfO{ kg]{ c;/sf af/]df 5nkmn u/L ;d"xsf] lgisif{ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

3/]n' afn>dsf] sf/0f s] xf] t < 3/]n' afn>d Pp6f uDeL/ ;fdflhs ;d:of xf] . of] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts /fhgLlts kl/j]z;Fu ufFl;Psf] ;jfn xf] . o;sf sf/0fx¿ hl6n lsl;dsf 5g\ M tLdWo] k|dv ' ¿kdf ul/aL÷a]/f]huf/L, clzIff, cr]tgf, ;:tf] >d, ;lhnf];uF nufpg ;lsg] >d÷ljb|f]x ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf, a9\bf] hg;+Vof, ;z:q ;+3if{÷;fdflhs c;'/Iff÷lj:yfkg, c;dfg ;fdflhs ljsf;, ;j{;n ' e lzIffsf] cefj, kfl/jfl/s lx+;f, kfl/jfl/s ljrng÷ljof]u, ;x/L /demdsf] cfsif{0f, ;fdflhs lnËe]b cflb /x]sf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

3/]n' afn>daf6 afnaflnsf, ;dfhdfly s:tf] c;/ k5{ <

k9\g kfpFbg} g\ .

s'kf]lift x'gk'U5g\ .

afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavgdf a[l4 x'G5 .

pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] :jtGqtf u'dfpg k'Ub5g\ .

of}gzf]if0fsf] l;sf/ x'G5g\ ÷of}gljs[ltn] k|>o kfpF5 .

afnfkg pkef]u ug{] cj;/ kfpFbg} g\ .

cfTdfanxLg afnaflnsfx¿sf] ljsf; x'G5 .

Psflt/ cfdfafa';uF lj5f]l8g', csf{lt/ b'Jo{jxf/ vKg'kbf{ pgLx¿ lg/f; / lrGtfu|:t b]lvG5g\ .

tgfjsf sf/0f c?dfly b'Jo{jxf/ / ljWj+;fTds lsl;dsf] Jojxf/ b]vfpg] ;+efjgf x'G5 .

pgLx¿df abnfsf] efjgf pTkGg x'g] ub{5 .

;du|df afnclwsf/af6 al~rt x'gk'Ub5g\ .

;dfhdf b'O{ ju{sf afnaflnsfx¿ pTkfbg x'gk'Ub5g\ .

eljiodf cbIf gful/sx¿ pTkfbg x'gk'Ub5g\ .

xfd|f] ;dfhsf clwsf+z JolQmn] 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ Psbd} ;xh / :jefljs ¿kdf lnPsf] kfOG5 . t/ cfkm" a;]sf 3/sf dflnssf cfkm" ;/xsf bfh'lbbL efOalxgLx¿ ljBfno uPsf], km';b{ df v]ns ] f], cfkm\gf cfdfafa';uF n'6k' 6' ' u/]sf] b]Vbf 3/]n' afn>ddf ;+nUg k|To]s afnaflnsfx¿sf] dg slt s'lF 8Psf] x'G5 eGg] s'/f pgLx¿sf] x[bosf] s'/f vf]tNbf dfq yfxf x'G5 . 20 ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

@= lgisif{sf] ?kdf 3/]n' afn>fdsf] sf/0f / ;xefuLx?nfO{ dgs'df/Lsf] syf :d/0f ug{ nufpFb} ul/aLsf] s'rqm d]6fsf8{af6 5nkmn ub}{ k|:t't ug{x' f];\ . lgs[i6 afn>fdn] afnaflnsfdfly, ;dfhdfly / b]zdfly kfg]{ c;/sf] af/]df k|i6 kfg{'xf];\ .

3/]n' afn>daf6 ;[lht ul/aLsf] s'rs|

z}lIfs ;fdu|L 3/]n' afn>dsf] sf/0f / c;/ n]vs ] f] Go'hlk|G6, ul/aLsf] s'rqm k|i6 kfg]{ n]vs ] f d]6fsf8{x多

;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

s] of] ;fdflhs ;d:of xn ug{ ;lsGg t < cjZo ;lsG5 . of] ;d:of hl6n k|sl[ tsf] ePsf]n] xn ug{ klg nfdf] ;do nfUg;S5 . o;sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o, /fli6«o txb]lv u|fdL0f tx;Ddaf6 uDeL/ k|of; x'g' cfjZos 5 . afn>dsf] lj?4df ;r]tgf cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ tyf cGt/f{li6«o tyf /fli6«o txdf afn>dlj?4 ag]sf sfg'gx¿ Jojxfl/s ¿kdf nfu" x'g ;s]df of] ;d:of xn x'g;S5 . cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gn] afn>d pGd"ngsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf] 5 . b]zleq of] sfd ug{sf nflu s]Gb«bl] v lhNnf / ufpF tx;Ddsf ;/sf/L, u}/;sf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] ;fy} l;Ëf] ;dfh kl/rflnt x'g' h?/L 5 . ;dfh kl/jt{gsf nflu cGo txsf ;d'bfosf] cltl/Qm ljleGg ljBfnox¿df cWoog/t nfvf}+ ljBfyL{x¿sf] 7"nf] e"ldsf x'G5 . afnaflnsf eg]sf ;dfh kl/jt{gsf afxs x'g\ . pgLx¿sf] hf]; hfFu/ tyf pgLx¿df /x]sf] /rgfTds tyf l;h{gfTds IfdtfnfO{ afn>dlj?4sf] cleofgdf nufpg] xf] eg] 3/]n' afn>dsf] lj?4df hgr]tgf hufpg] sfddf pNn]vgLo k|ult x'g] s'/f lglZrt 5 .

22 ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

t];f| ] r/0f lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>ddf ;'wf/ Nofpg] pkfox¿ ;do M () ldg]6

p2]Zo ;xefuLx¿ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug{] pkfox¿sf] af/]df atfpg ;Sg]5g\ .

lqmofsnfk != ;xefuLx?nfO{ lgs[i6 cj:yfdf 3/]n' afn>ldsdfly eO/x]sf] kL8f sd ug{ tkfO{+ s]–s] ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 < eg]/ % ldg]6 ;f]Rg nufpg] / JolQmut ?kdf eGg jf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ . @= ;xefuLx?sf] hf]8L agfP/ hf]8Lsf] lgisif{ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ . lgisif{ n]Vgsf] nflu Pp6f km'ln:s]ksf] kGgf lbg'xf];\ . #= rf/–rf/ hgfsf] ;d"x agfO{ ;d"xut lgisif{ ;f]xL km'ln:s]kdf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ . $= cf7–cf7 hgfsf] ;d"x agfO{ ;d"xut lgisif{ ;f]xL km'ln:s]ksf] csf{kl§ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ . ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

%= ;xefuLx?nfO{ @ ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf];\, / ;f] ;d"xdf cl3Nnf] ;d"xn] lgsfn]sf] lgisif{df 5nkmn u/L n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ . ^= lgisif{nfO{ b'Ol{ t/ leQfdf 6fF:g'xf];\ / b'j} ;d"xnfO{ Pscsf{sf] lgisif{ x]/L yk36 u/L Go'hlk|G6df lgisif{ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ . &

lgisif{ :j?k ;xhstf{n] lgs[i6 cj:yfdf /x]sf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;d'bfon] ug{;Sg] s'/fx?cGtu{t s'g} yk s'/fx? eP yk u/L lgisif{ lbg'xf];\ .

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ s;/L ;xof]u ug{ ;lsG5 < ;d'bfon] lgDg k|sf/n] ;xof]u ug{ ;Sb5 M

cfˆgf] 3/df ePsf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿k|lt dfgjLo Jojxf/ u/]/

cfkm"n] hfg]sf s'/fx¿ 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ l;sfOlbP/

cgf}krfl/s afnsIff jf ljBfno k9\g] h:tf cj;/x¿ lbnfpg tyf To:tf] cj;/ kfPsf] v08df pgLx¿?nfO{ hfg ;xof]u u/]/

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿af6 s'g} uNtL eP cfkm}+ ;Demfpg] a'emfpg] sfd u/]/,

afnclwsf/ tyf afn>d;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf] af/]df hfgsf/L /fv]/,

b]zleq afnaflnsfsf xslxtsf nflu ag]sf sfg'gx¿k|lt rf;f] /fv]/,

afnclwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt s'/fx¿ 3/]n' afn>ldssf nflu klg ;dfg 9+un] nfu" x'g] s'/f x'g\ eGg] s'/fsf] x]Ssf cfkm"n] /fv]/ / c?nfO{ klg atfP/

afnaflnsfdfly ePsf lx+;fx¿sf] lj?4df tyf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] syf, sljtf, n]vx¿ cflb n]v/] , tyf kqklqsfdf 5kfP/ .

ufpF3/, 5/l5d]slt/ x'g] afn>ldsx¿dfly x'g] lx+;fsf] lj?4df pleP/, kLl8tx¿sf] kIfdf af]n/] ,

!$ aif{eGbf sd pd]/sf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;xof]uLsf] ¿kdf g/fv]/ .

kl/jt{gsf] ;+jfxs eP/ ,

24 ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

ufpF3/df ;+rfng u/]sf afnSna tyf afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;d"xx¿nfO{ ;xof]u u/]/,

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] btf{ ug{ ;xof]u u/]/,

lgs[i6 cj:yf cyjf cToGt bogLo cj:yfdf /x]sf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u u/]/, pgLx¿sf] kIfdf pleP/ .

lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>dsf] lj?4df ;8s gf6s, ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng u/]/

*= 3/]n' afn>fd;Fu ;DalGwt sfg'g gLlt lgod / sfo{qmdx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ / To:tf s'/f sfof{Gjog ug{ pgLx?sf] e"ldsfsf] af/]df 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ .

3/]n' afn>dlj?4sf sfg'gx¿ cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g afnclwsf/ dxf;lGw !(*(

afnaflnsfx¿aLr hft, hflt, lnË, j0f{, hGd, cflb s'g} klg s'/fsf] cfwf/df e]befj ug{ gkfOg]

cfdfafa'af6 x]/rfx kfpg]

kl/ro, /fli6«otfsf] clwsf/ kfpg]

la5f]l8Psf afnaflnsfx¿n] cfdfafa';uF lgoldt e]63f6 ug{ kfpg]

dgdf nfu]sf s'/f eGg kfpg]

;+u7g agfpg kfpg]

lzIff k|fKt ug{ kfpg]

zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s b'Jo{jxf/af6 ;+/If0f kfpg]

km';b{ sf] a]nf cf/fd ug{ kfpg]

cfly{s zf]if0faf6 ;+/If0f kfpg] ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

of}g zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/af6 d'lQm kfpg]

ckx/0f tyf a]rlavgaf6 ;+/If0f kfpg]

#= /f]huf/Ldf ;+nUg x'g kfpg] Go"gtd pd]/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g -cfO=Pn=cf]=_ sf] dxf;lGw g+= !#*, ;g\ !(&#

/f]huf/Ldf nufpg ;lsg] Go"gtd pd]/ !% jif{ tf]lsPsf] 5 . -wf/f @=#_

cfly{s z}lIfs ;'ljwf kof{Kt ljsl;t gePsf] l:yltdf /f]huf/Lsf] nflu Go"gtd pd]/ !$ jif{ sfod ug{ ;lsg]5 . -wf/f @=$_

$= lgs[i6 cj:yfsf] afn>d;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g -cfO=Pn cf]=_sf] dxf;lGw g+= !*@, h'g ! ;g\ !((( dxf;lGwn] !* jif{dl' gsf ;a} afnaflnsfnfO{ hf]lvdo'Qm >ddf nufpg lgif]w u/]sf] 5 . dxf;lGwn] hf]lvdo'Qm afn>dleq lgDg s'/fx¿nfO{ ;d]6s ] f] 5 M != bf;Tj jf ;f] ;/xsf ;a} :j¿kx¿, afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg, cf];f/k;f/, C0f aFwj' f, afFwf>d, ;z:q ;+3if{sf nflu afnaflnsfsf] clgjfo{ jf ha/h:tL egf{nufot s'g} klg ha/h:tL jf clgjfo{ >d @= b]xJofkf/, clZnn lrq0f jf k|bz{gx¿sf nflu afnaflnsfsf] k|of]u, k|flKt jf ck{0f #= u} / sfg' g L lqmofsnfkx¿ vf;u/L nfu" cf} i fwx¿sf] pTkfbg tyf cf];f/k;f/sf] nflu afnaflnsfsf] k|of]u, k|flKt jf ck{0f . $= afnaflnsfx¿sf] :jf:Yo, ;'/Iff jf g}ltstfdf xflg k'¥ofpg;Sg] sfo{x¿ .

26 ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g -cfO=Pn=cf]=_sf] l;kmfl/; g+= !() o;n] lgDg sfo{x¿nfO{ hf]lvdk"0f{ sfo{sf ¿kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 M != zf/Ll/s, dgf]j1 } flgs / of}gb'Jo{jxf/ x'g;Sg] sfo{ @= hldgd'lg, kfgLd'lg, vt/gfs prfO jf aGb :yfgdf ug'k{ g]{ sfo{ #= vt/gfs oGqx¿, pks/0fx¿ / cf}hf/x¿;Fusf] sfo{ jf ux|f+} jhgx¿ xft}n] ;+rfng jf cf];f/k;f/ ug'k{ g]{ sfo{ $= c:j:y jftfj/0fdf ul/g] sfo{, cToflws tfk, Wjlg, sDkgdf ug'k{ g]{ sfo{ %= sl7g aGb]hdf ug'k{ g]{ sfo{, nfdf] ;do;Dd ug'k{ g],{ /ftdf ug'k{ g]{ sfo{, y'gfdf /fv]/ ul/g] sfo{

/fli6«o sfg'gx¿ != g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$&

s;}nfO{ klg afFwf jf bf; t'Nofpg jf OR5flj?4 sfddf nufpg gkfOg] -wf/f @) pkwf/f !_

gfafnsnfO{ s'g} snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} cGo s'g} hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg gkfOg] -wf/f @) pkwf/f @_

@= afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g @)$*

!^ jif{ pd]/ gk'u; ] DdnfO{ afnaflnsf dflgPsf] 5 .

5f]/f, 5f]/L, wd{kq' , wd{kq' L, ljjfxcl3 jf kl5 hGd]sf] eGg] h:tf cfwf/df s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ e]befj ug'{ x'bF g} .

afnaflnsfk|lt qm'/ jf oftgfk"0f{ Jojxf/ ug'{ x'bF g} . o;f] ul/Pdf Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ ?= %))).–;Dd hl/jfgf jf ! jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g5 ] . ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

afa' kQf gnfu]sf afnaflnsfn] afa'–afh]sf] gfd n]Vg'kg]{ 7fpFdf cfdf / cfdfsf] afa'sf] gfd pNn]v ug{ kfpg]5g\ .

!) jif{eGbf d'lgsf afnaflnsfn] s'g} klg ck/fw u/] pgLx¿nfO{ ;hfo ug'{ x'bF g} .

afnaflnsfnfO{ cg}lts k];fdf nufpg x'bF g} , o; p2]Zon] kmf]6f] lvRg, k|sfzg ug{, rl/qdf cf3ft kg]{ 36gf ljj/0f k|sfzg ug{, nfu" cf}ifw tyf gzfn' kbfy{sf] laqmL ljt/0fdf ;+nUg u/fpg x'bF g} . o;f] u/]df ? !),))).– ;Dd hl/jfgf jf ! jif{ s}b jf b'j} ;hfo tyf nfu"–kbfy{;DaGwL eP yk % jif{;Dd s}bsf] ;hfo x'g5 ] .

a]jfl/;] afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ /fVg afnsNof0f u[xx¿sf] :yfkgf / ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

s;'/sf] cleof]u nfuL y'gfdf a:g'kg],{ s}bsf] ;hfo kfPsf, nfu" cf}ifwsf] s'ntdf nfu]sf, 3/kl/jf/af6 efuL lx+8g\ ,] cg}lts lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg JolQm;Fu /x]sf jf lghsf] cf>odf a:g'kg]{ cflb afnaflnsfnfO{ /fVg afn;'wf/ u[xsf] :yfkgf / ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

;':tdgl:yltsf afnaflnsfsf nflu ;':tdgl:ylt s]Gb«sf] ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

afnaflnsfsf] kIfdf sfg'g Joj;foL geP;Dd afnaflnsfsf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ x'bF g} .

afnaflnsfsf] d'2f x]g{ 5'§} afncbfntsf] u7g ul/g], ;f] geP;Dd k|To]s lhNnf cbfntdf afnOhnf; u7g ul/g]5 .

s'g} klg afnaflnsf jfbL jf k|ltjfbL ePsf] d'2fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ sf/afxL lsgf/f ug'k{ 5{ .

$= afn>d -lgif]w tyf lgoldt ug]_{ P]g @)%^ z

!$ jif{ gk'us ] f afnaflnsfnfO{ >ldssf ¿kdf sfddf nufpg x'bF g} .

afnaflnsfnfO{ /ftdf -;fFem ^ ah]bl] v laxfg ^ ah];Dd_ sfddf nufpg x'bF g} . pgLx¿nfO{ lbgsf] ^ 306f / xKtfsf] #^ 306feGbf a9L sfddf

28 ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

nufpg x'bF g} . nuftf/ # 306f sfd u/]kl5 cfwf 306f lj>fd / xKtfsf] ! lbg ljbf lbg'k5{ . pQm lj>fdsf] ;do / ljbfsf] lbgsf] kfl/>lds s§f ug{ kfOg]5g} . olb o;sf] kfngf gu/L sfd nufPdf ? %,))) .– ;Dd hl/jfgf jf @ dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g5 ] . z

s;}n] klg afnaflnsfnfO{ nnfOkmsfO{, em'SofO{, 8/ qf;, k|nf]eg, bjfjdf kf/L jf cGo s'g} tl/sfn] lghsf] OR5flj?4 >ldssf] ¿kdf sfddf nufpg' x'Fbg} . OR5fljkl/t sfddf nufPdf ! jif{;Dd s}b jf ? %),))) .– ;Dd hl/jfgf jf @ dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g5 ] .

ph'/L s;n] lbg] < dfly elgPsf ;hfo x'g] s;'/ ug]s { f lj?4df afnaflnsfsf tkm{af6 lghsf] afa', cfdf, ;+/Ifs / xsjfnfn] ph'/ lbg;S5 . P]gadf]lhd ;hfo x'g] s;'/;DaGwL d'2f h'g;'s} JolQm jf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ph'/Laf6 rNg]5 .

ph'/L sxfF lbg] < afncbfnt u7g ePsf] eP afncbfntdf geP lhNnf cbfntdf ph'/L lbg ;lsg]5 .

ph'/L slxn];Dddf lbg] < s;'/ ePsf] u/]sf] ldltn] Ps jif{leqdf lbg'kb{5 . t/ ablgotk"js { afnssf] ;DklQ a]rlavg u/]sf]df hlxn];s ' } klg / afnsnfO{ cg}lts sfddf nufPsf]df ;f] sfd eP u/]sf] ldltn] # jif{;Dd gfln; nfUg ;S5 . t/ hlt l9nf] u¥of] plt ck/fwL pDsg;Sg], k|df0fx¿ gfl;g;Sg] ePsf]n] ;s];Dd l56f] ph'/L ug'k{ b{5 . z}lIfs ;fdu|L M afn>d Go"gLs/0f ub}{ lg/fs/0fsf lbzfdf nfUg] pkfox¿, 3/]n' afn>lds;DawL ;"rgf ;Fufnf]

;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

*= cGTodf ;xefuLx?dfem olb xfdLn] cfkm'nfO{ 3/]n' afn>fd lj?4 pEofpg] xf] eg] cfrf/;+lxtfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ cfJxfg ug'{xf];\ / s'g} Ps ;xefuLnfO{ cfrf/;+lxtfsf aF'bfx? 7"nf]–7"nf] :j/n] k9\g nufpg'xf];\ / ;a} ;xefuLx?nfO{ Ps–Ps j6f cfrf/;+lxtfdf x:tfIf/ u/fpg'xf];\ .

30 ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

d afn>d zf]if0fsf] lj/f]w ub{5' . 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0flj?4sf]

cfrf/;+lxtf afnaflnsfx多 xfd|f] b]zsf jt{dfg x'g\ / pgLx多sf] ef]ufOn] eljio lgwf{/0f ub{5 eGg] dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ afn>dsf] cGTosf nflu d lgDg pNn]lvt k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5' .

afn>d zf]if0flj?4sf] cleofgdf xft]dfnf] u/f}+ . x:tfIf/M

gfdM

ldltM

;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

!= 3/]n' afn>dsf] k|of]u gug]{ s= cab]lv !$ aif{eGbf sd pd]/sf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ 3/]n' afn>ldssf] ¿kdf k|of]u gug]{ . v= ;Fw} 7"nf JolQmx¿nfO{ g} plrt >d ;Ddfgsf ;fy 3/]n' >ddf ;xefuL x'g k|fT] ;flxt ug]{ . u= >d P]g @)$*, afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g @)$*, afnaflnsf;DaGwL lgodfjnL @)%@ / afn>d lgif]w / lgoldt ug]{ P]g @)%^ n] tf]ss ] f] Go"gtd >ddf k|jz ] ug]{ pd]/nfO{ ;b}j dfGg] .

@= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g ug]{ s= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ glhssf] j8f sfof{nodf ;"rLs[t tyf btf{ ug]{ . v= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ cgf}krfl/s, cf}krfl/s jf Joj;flos lzIffdf ;xefuL u/fpg] . u= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ ;do—;dodf cfjZostf cg';f/ :jf:Yo pkrf/sf ;'ljwfx¿ k|bfg ug]{ . 3= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] :j:ys/ a;fOsf nflu pko'Qm Joj:yf ug]{ . ª=

3/]n' afn>lds / 3/sf cGo afnaflnsfx¿aLr e]befj gug]{ .

r= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ Ps aif{df sDtLdf klg Ps k6s kl/jf/;Fu e]6 ug{ k7fpg] tyf kl/jf/;Fu lgoldt ;Dks{ / e]63f6sf] ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ . 5= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿dfly s'6lk6, ufnL a]OHhtL, tyf cGo bJo{jxf/x¿ gug]{ . h= 3/]na' fn>ldsx¿nfO{ plrt kfl/>lds k|bfg ug]{ . dm= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ afnSnanufotsf ljleGg ;fdflhs Pj+ cltl/Qm ls|ofsnfkx¿df ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ k|bfg ug]{ . `= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ IfdtfeGbf w]/} tyf /flt ca]/;Dd sfddf gnufpg] . 6=

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ Ps /f]huf/bftfeGbf klg Ps cleefjsn] ;/x

32 ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf

dfof ddtf tyf :g]x / plrt cleefjsTj k|bfg ug]{ . 7=

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] cfTd;Ddfg / :jcl:tTjnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{ ;Ddfghgs Aoaxf/ ug]{ .

#= 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0fsf] lj/f]w ug]{ s= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿dfly x'g] zf]if0f, lx+;f tyf of}g b'Jo{jxf/ nufotsf b'Jo{jxf/x¿sf] lj/f]w ug]{ . v= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿dfly zf]if0f, lx+;f Pj+ b'Jo{jxf/x¿ ePdf glhssf] ;fdflhs ;+:yf jf k|x/L sfof{nodf hfgsf/L lbg] . u= !$ aif{eGbf sd pd]/sf] afn>d k|of]u ug{ lg?T;flxt ug]{ tyf To;/L pTkfbg ul/Psf ;fdfu|L Pj+ ;]jfx¿sf] alx:sf/ ug]{ . 3= 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0f ug]{ tyf pgLx¿dfly lx+;f b'Jo{jxf/ ug]n { fO{ ;fdflhs alx:sf/ ug]{ .

$= 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0flj?4 hgr]tgf hufpg] s= 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0flj?4 3/, 6f]n, l5d]sdf hgr]tgf hufpg] / afn>dsf] k|of]u ug{ lg?T;flxt ug]{ . v= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ lzIff, :jf:Yo, ljsf;, dgf]/~hg, plrt kfl/>lds tyf kfl/jfl/s dgf]/~hg k|bfg ug{sf] nflu 3/, 6f]n, l5d]sdf clek|l] /t ug]{ . u= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ lx+;f b'Jo{jxf/ gug{ tyf ;Ddfghgs Jojxf/x¿ ug{ k|fT] ;flxt ug]{ . 3= afn>d zf]if0f;DaGwL /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gL hfgsf/Lx¿ k|bfg ug]{ / ;r]t agfpg] . ª=

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ :yfgLo j8f sfo{fnox¿df btf{ u/fpg r]tgf tyf clek|/] 0ff k|bfg ug]{ .

r= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ :jo+nfO{ pgLx¿sf] clwsf/ tyf pknAw ;]jf sfo{sd | x¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] / ;r]t agfpg] . ;fd'bflos cled'vLs/0f lgb]{lzsf