घरेलु बालश्रम विरुद्ध बाल परिचालन by CWISH

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afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

6fOD; ls|ozg afn>d cGTosf nflu cGt/f{li6«o sfo{s|d, cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] sfof{no nlntk'/ g]kfn .

k|fSsyg ljZje/ sl/a @$ s/f]8 afnaflnsfx¿ ljljwvfn] >ddf ;+nUg eO{ cfkm\gf] afnfkg latfpg afWo 5g\ . oLdWo] clwstd afnaflnsfx¿ c;+ul7t jf cw{;u+ l7t If]qsf] >ddf ;+nUg 5g\ . afn>d xfd|f] ;dfhsf] gsf/fTds kf6f] xf], h;n] dfgj ;Eotfdfly g} k|Zg p7fpF5 . 3/]n' afn>d o:t} afn>dsf] If]qx¿dWo] Ps k|dv ' >d If]q xf] . g]kfndf klg %% xhf/eGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿ 3/]n' >ddf ;+n + Ug eO{ hLjgofkg ul//x]sf 5g\ . 3/]n' >ddf afnaflnsfsf] ;+nUgtfn] afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s dfgl;s / ;fdflhs ljsf;df c;/ t u5{ g} ;fy} ;Dk'0f{ ;dfhnfO{ g} w]/} kl5 ws]Nb5 / lg/Gt/ ul/aLtkm{ pGd'v u/fpFb5 . t;y{ klg o; 3/]n' afn>d k|yfsf] cGTo x'g' h?/L 5 . 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0f tyf 3/]n' >ddf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] k|yfs} cGTo ug{sf nflu ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L kIfx¿af6 w]/} k|oTgx¿ ul/g' h?/L 5 . g]kfndf >L %sf] ;/sf/ / cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gn] ;+oQ ' m ¿kdf lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>d cGTo ug{ ;doa4 sfo{sd | nfu" ul//x]sf] 5 / 3/]n' afn>d o; sfo{sd | sf] Ps k|dv ' nlIft ;d"x klg xf] . 3/]n' afn>ddf c;fWo} sd k|oTgx¿ ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;sf] sf/0f eg]sf] 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ a'em\g] / o;df x:tIf]k ug{ cfjZos ;Lk tyf cg'ejsf] sdL klg xf] eGg] nfUb5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf l;lj; -;dfh ;]jftyf dfgj clwsf/df dlxnf / afnaflnsf_ n] 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0f cGTosf nflu :yfgLo lgsfo ljz]ift gu/kflnsfx¿ / cGo u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{ p4]Zon] ljleGg lgb]l{ zsfx¿ k|sflzt u/]sf]df ;j{ky| d t l;lj;nfO{ xflb{s awfO tyf wGojfb lbg rfxfG5' . oL lgb]l{ zsfx¿n] 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0fsf] cGTo tyf lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>d cGTosf nflu ljleGg lgsfox¿ljr ;dembf/L a9fO{ 3/]n' afn>d lgjf/0f ug{ pTk|l] /t ug]5 { / cfjZos sfo{sd | x¿ ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfox¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng]5 eGg] cfzf lnPsf] 5' . afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

oL lgb]l{ zsfx¿sf] k|sfzg g]kfndf afn>dlj?4sf] cleofgdf Ps sf];9] u+' f ;flat x'g5 ] eGg] klg czff /fv]sL 5' . o; lgb]l{ zsfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;Gbe{df b]vfk/]sf sdL sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ cf}N+ ofO{ k|fKt ;'emfjx¿sf] cfwf/df l;lj;n] cfufdL lbgdf lgb]l{ zsfx¿sf] kl/dfh{g tyf k'gM k|sfzg ub}{ hfcf];\ eGg] klg z'esfdgf lbg rfxfG5' . ' Psf cGtdf l;lj;nufot 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0flj?4sf] cleofgdf ;+nUg x'ge ;Dk"0f{ ;+3;+:yf÷AolQmx¿nfO{ o; lgb]l{ zsf kmnbfoL x'g5 ] eGg] k"0f{ ljZj:t 5' . wGojfb .

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cfef/ ljZjdf @$ s/f]8eGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿ >ddf ;+nUg /x]sf] lttf] oyfy{leq afFlr/x]sf xfd|f afnaflnsfx¿sf] eljio / To;n] emNsfpg] xfd|f] ;dfhsf] jt{dfg tyf eljio b'j} cToGt} uDeL/ / lrGtfhgs b]lvG5 . xfd|f] b]zdf klg aL; nfveGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿ >ddf ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ h;dWo] ! nfv @& xhf/ afnaflnsfx¿ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>ddf ;+nUg /xL cfkm\gf] hLjg ofkg ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;/L lgs[i6 afn >ddf ;+nUg x'g afWo ePsf afnaflnsfx¿df ;jf{lws ;+Vof 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] /x]sf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] tYofÍcg';f/ g]kfnsf ;x/L If]qdf dfq %% xhf/eGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿ 3/]n' >ddf ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ . 3/]n' >ddf ;+nUg afnaflnsfx¿ ljleGgvfn] lx+;f, zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/x¿ vKg afWo eO/x]sf 5g\ / klg o:tf] cj:yfdf yf]/} dfq ;+3;+:yf tyf ;/sf/L lgsfox¿n] o; If]qnfO{ cfjZos dfqfdf Wofg k'/o\ fpg ;ls/x]sf] b]lvFbg} eg] eO/x]sf k|of;x¿df klg sdL sdhf]/Lx¿ b]lvG5g\ . o; cj:yfdf 3/]n' >ddf cf7 aif{eGbf a9L ;do sfo{/t /xL nfdf] cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf] ;+:yfsf] x}l;otn] klg xfdLn] cfkm\gf cg'ejx¿ ljleGg ;+3;+:yf tyf ;/sf/L lgsfox¿;Fu ;f6f;f6 ug'{ h?/L b]lvG5 h;n] ubf{ cfufdL lbgdf o; If]qdf x'g] ljsf;] x:tIf]kx¿ k|efjsf/L / kl/0ffdd'vL x'g ;s"g\ . oxL s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ xfd|f] ;+:yf ;dfh;]jf tyf dfgjclwsf/df dlxnf / afnaflnsf -l;lj;_ n] 3/]n' afn>d / x:tIf]ksf pkfox¿ ljifoleq ljleGg sfo{lgb]l{ zsfx¿ t}of/ u/]sf] 5 / To;} cGtu{t of] æ3/]n' afn>d afn kl/rfngÆ k':ts oxfFx¿dfem k|:t't ug{ kfpFbf xfdLnfO{ cToGt} v';L nfu]sf] 5 . xfdL cfzf ub{5f}+ xfd|f] of] k|of; 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0fsf] cGTosf nflu cjZo g} ;fy{sl;4 x'g5 ] / o;sf nflu y'k}| kf7sx¿n] o;df n]lvPsf pkfox¿nfO{ Jojxfl/s ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ug'x{ g' 5 ] . afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

of] k':ts t}of/ kfg{ cxf]/fq ldx]gt ug'x{ g' ] /d]z kf}8n ] , a]bk|;fb ;fksf]6f / ;f}/els/0f >]i7nfO{ xfdL wGojfb glbO/xg ;Sb}gf}+ . ;fy} o;df z'4fz'l4 x]l/lbg] ;'efj yfkf, o;sf] n]—cfp6 l8hfOgsf sfd ug'x{ g' ] 6fOD; ls|ozgsf ;'j0f{ efO / o;df cfjZos lrqx¿ agfO{ ;3fpg'xg' ] /fhg sfkm\n,] k[YjL >]i7 / pbo efOnfO{ xfdL w]/— } w]/} wGojfb lbg rfxfG5f}+ . o; k':ts k|sfzg ug{ cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] ;+:yf cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gk|lt xfdL cfef/ JoQm ug{ rfxfG5f}+ . cGtdf o; k':ts lgdf{0f, k|sfzg tyf ljt/0fdf ;3fpg'xg' ] l;lj;df cfj4 ;Dk"0f{ efOalxgLx¿ tyf sd{rf/L ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg w]/—} w]/} wGojfb lbg rfxfG5' . of] k':ts xfd|f] klxnf] k|of; xf], t;y{ xfdL] o;df ;Defljt sdL / q'l6x¿sf] ;DefjgfnfO{ gsfg{ ;Sb}gf}+ . To;}n] xfdL oxfFx¿sf] ;'emfj, k|ltls|ofsf] af6f] x]l//x]sf x'g5 ] f}+ .

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e"ldsf cfh ljZjdf @ ca{ eGbf a9L afnaflnsfx¿ >ddf ;+nUg eO{ hLjg ljtfpg k/]sf]n] lzIff, :jf:Yo, dgf]/~hg nufPtsf afnclwsf/af6 al~rt x'g afWo eO{/x]sf 5g\ . afn>ddf ;+nUg ePs} s/0fn] bzf}+ nfv afnaflnsfx¿ zf/Ll/s dfgl;s ljsf; ug{af6 al~rt x'g k'us ] f 5g\ . xfd|f] b]zdf 7"nf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf uf]7fnf, vnf;L, xf]6n ] nufot ljljw If]qdf sfd ug]{ afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yf o:t} kL8fbfoL 5 . cem 3/sf] rf/ kvf{nleq /x]/ lgl/x eP/ laxfgb]lv a]ns ' f;Dd 3/leqsf wGbfx¿ n'?n'? ul//xg] 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yf emg} uDeL/ 5 . xfd|f] b]zsf] ;x/L If]qdf dfq %% xhf/ eGbf a9L 3/]n' afn>dLsx¿ 5g\, h;sf] hLjg si6bfoL 5 / tTsfn ;'wf/fTds tyf lgif]wfTds x:tIf]kx¿ ug' h?/L b]lvG5 . o;} ;Gb{edf !$ eGbf klg sd pd]/sf afnaflnsx¿nfO{ >ddf ;+nUg gu/fpg / !$ jif{ eGbf dfly pd]/sf afnaflnsfx¿ 3/]n' >ddf ;+nUg eO{/xbf pgLx¿sf] clwsf/ /Iff ug{ t'ngfTds ?kn] ;'ljwf k|fKt afnaflnsfx¿ jf /f]huf/ bftfs} afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;r]t ;+jb] glzn agfpb} kl/rfng ug{ h?/L 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df of] 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0f la?4 afn kl/rfng lgb]l{ zsf tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . o; lgb]l{ zsfdf klxnf] v08 lgDg dfWoflds ty dfWoflds txdf cWoog ul//x]sf efOalxgLx¿sf]nflu nlIft ul/Psf] 5 eg] bf]>f] v08 k|yflds txdf cWoog ul//x]sf efOalxgLx¿sf]nflu nlIft ul/Psf] 5 .

afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

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/ft;Dd ;w}+ sfd ug'k{ 5{ —@ sfFwdf sfd} sfdsf] af]em kg]{ u5{ —@ /ft;Dd ;w}+ sfd ug'k{ 5{ —@ sfFwdf sfd} sfdsf] af]em kg]{ u5{ —@

nfn nfn nfn nfn nfn nfn nf/fnf nf slt vfpFm h'7f]k/' f] slt vfpmF ufnL ;+uLt =================================== slt vfpFm h'7f]k/' f] slt vfpmF ufnL af]Ng klg 8/dbf]{ x'G5 ;w}e + l/ —@ cfdf a'af;Fu e]6g\ cfFQs ] f] 5 dg —@ dgsf] s'/f s;nfO{ egf}+ sf] 5 ;'Gg] hg —@ k9\g] n]Vg] xfd|f] wf]sf] slxn] k"/f xf]nf ;+uLt =================================== k9\g] n]Vg] xfd|f] wf]sf] slxn] k"/f xf]nf xfd|f nflu s;n] kf] ;f]lrlbg] xf]nf —@ df}sf kfP xfdL klg of]Uo aGg ;S5f}+ —@ 3/, ;dfh, b]zsf] nflu s]xL g s]xL u5f}{+ —@ cfwf /ft;Dd ;w}+ sfd ug'k{ 5{ —@ ;fgf] sfFwdf sfd} sfdsf] af]em kg]{ u5{ —@ 3/, ;dfh, b]zsf] nflu s]xL g s]xL u5f}{+ —$

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afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

;xhstf{nfO{ lgb]z{ g dfWolds txsf ljBfyL{x¿;Fu k|To]s ;ftfdf Pp6f $% ldg6sf] lkl/o8sf b/n] tLg ;ftfdf tLgj6f lkl/o8 u/L hDdf ! 306f #% ldg6sf] cjlwdf 3/]n' afn>dsf] af/]df 5nkmn rnfOg]5 t/ ;do pknAw ePsf] v08df ! 306f #% ldg]6sf] ;dodf 5nkmn rnfpg ;lsg] 5 . o;sf] d'Vo p2]Zo ljBfyL{x¿df 3/]n' afn>dlj?4 r]tgf clej[l4 ug{' tyf pgLx¿nfO{ 3/]n' afn>dlj?4sf] cleofgdf ;fd]n u/fpg' /x]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu pgLx¿ of]] 5nkmnnfO{ Jojl:yt 9+un] ;~rfng ug{sf nflu ;xof]u k'uf];\ eg]/ of] lgb]l{ zsf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . != klxnf] lbg sIffdf k|jz ] ul/;s]kl5 efOalxgLx?;Fu ;xh jftfj/0f agfO{ kl/ro ug]{ . o;kl5 3/]n' afn>dsf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ul/g] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lb+b} o:tf] 5nkmn ;ftfsf] ! lkl/o8 u/L tLg ;ftf;Dd hDdf # lkl/o8;Dd 5nkmn ul/g] s'/f atfpg'xf]; . @= klxnf] lqmofsnfksf] ?kdf ;xhstf{n] æafn>dsf] kL8fÆ uLt cfkm" klg ufpg] / sIffsf efOalxgLx¿nfO{ klg ;Fu;Fu} ufpg nufpg'xf]; . o;kl5 lgb]l{ zsfdf pNn]v ePsf] k|lqmof ckgfO{ 5nkmn rnfpg'xf];\ . #= ljBfyL{x¿ a9L /dfOnf] jftfj/0fsf] rfxgf ug]{ ePsf]n] cfjZos k/]sf] a]nf r'6l\ snfx¿ ;'gfpg nufpg], cfjZos k/]sf] a]nfdf cfkm"n] klg ;'gfpg] ug{x' f];\ .

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$= ljBfyL{x多;Fu ;s];Dd a9L cGt/lqmof ug{x' f];\ . ;Defif0f ljlwnfO{ ;s];Dd sd k|of]u ug'x{ f];\ . %= sfo{qmdsf] cGoTodf cfrf/;+lxtfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ cfjfXg ug'xf];\ . ^= of] lgb]l{ zsf ljBfnodf 5nkmn rnfpgsf] nflu Ps dfq ljsNk xf]Og ;xhstf{n] o;b]lv afx]s cGo l;h{gfTds 9+uaf6 klg 5nkmnnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ;S5g\ . &= ljBfnosf efOalxgLx多;Fu 5nkmn rnfO;s]kl5 5nkmndf ;xefuL eO{lbPsf]df wGojfb lbb} 5nkmn sfo{qmd s:tf]nfUof] < k[i7kf]if0f lng'xf]; .

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p2]Zo ;xefuLx¿ 3/]n' afn>lds sf] x'g\ < eGg] af/]df atfpg ;Sg]5g\ .

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;xefuLx¿nfO{ of] ufpF vfg] syfsf] pQ/ eGg nufpg], eGg g;s] ufpF lbg nufpg] ufpF lbO;s]kl5 o;sf] pQ/ ;xhstf{n] elglbg] . @ ufpF vfg] syfsf] pQ/ elg;s]kl5 k|To]s a]~rdf b'O{ j6f ;d"x agfpg] / k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps–Ps j6f kg]{ u/L ædgs'df/Lsf] syfÆ lbO{ ;xefuLx¿nfO{ k9\g nufpg] / lgDg k|Zgx¿sf] cfwf/df 5nkmn rnfpg] .

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dgs'df/L zfxsf] syf dxf]Q/Lsf] uf}zfnfdf km}lnPsf] sfnfhf/sf] dxfdf/Lsf] sf/0f dgs'df/L ;fg} x'bF f pgsf cfdfafa'sf] d[To' eof] . xh'/cfdf / sfsfsf] x]/rfxaf6 pgL / pgsf efOalxgLx¿ x'ss {] f lyP . pgsf b'Oj{ 6f efO tyf Pp6L alxgL lyP . b'Oj{ 6f efOx?dWo] Pshgf kf]v/fdf / Pshgf sf7df08f}df 3/]n' afn>ldssf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ uy]{ . alxgL rflx+ ;fg} ePsf]n] xh'/cfdf;Fu a:blyOg\ . pgL rflx+ lj/f6gu/sf] Pshgf pBf]uklt sxfF a;]sL lyOg\ . !# jif{sL dgs'df/Ln] :s'n hfg] lta| dg x'bF f x'bF } klg o:tf] cj;/ slxNo} kfOgg\ . laxfgb]lv a]ns ' f !) ah];Dd efG;fs} wGbf ub}{ pgnfO{ 7Ls x'GYof] . efG;fsf] sfdaf6 km';b{ kfPsf] a]nf n'uf w'g] tyf cGo ;/;kmfO g]{ sfd ug'{ kb{Yof] . c?sf] cfdfafa'n] 5f]/f 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ dfof u/]sf] b]Vbf pgnfO{ cfkm\gf cfdfafa'sf] ;Demgfn] ;tfpFYof] / c?n] gb]Vg] u/L n's/] ?g] ub{lyg\ . pgnfO{ dlxgfjf/L ? @)) .– lbOg] ul/GYof] . Tof] klg dflnsn] xh'/cfdfnfO{ lbg] u/]sf] x'gfn] pgL Tof] k};f cfkm" rnfpg kfpFlbglyOg\ . dflnssf 5f]/fx¿af6 k6s–k6s of}g zf]if0f / b'Jo{jxf/sf] l;sf/ x'g' kb{Yof] t/ pgsf] ph'/L ;'Gg] sf]xL lyPg . Psk6s cfkm"dfly ePsf] o:tf] Jojxf/sf] af/]df dflnSgL;Fu eGbf dflnSgLn] pN6} cfkm\gf 5f]/fsf] kIf lnP/ dgs'df/LnfO{ huN6\ofPsL lyOg\ . o;a]nf t dgs'df/Ln] dflnSgL;Fu s]xL eGg] cfF6 ug{ ;lsgg\ t/ dgdg} kl5 7"nf] eP/ dflnSgL / p;sf 5f]/fx¿n] u/]sf] b'Jo{jxf/sf] lj?4df abnf lng] c7f]6 ul/g\ .

5nkmnsf nflu k|Zgx¿ != dgs'df/Lsf] cfdfafa'sf] s;/L d[To' eP5 < @= pgsf b'O{ hgf efOx¿ s] sfd ubf{ /x]5g\ < #= dgs'df/L s;sf] 3/df sxfF a;]sL /lx5g\ < $= pgn] ToxfF s]–s] sfdx¿ ug'{ kbf]{ /x]5 < %= pgn] :s'n hfg] cj;/ lsg kfOgl5g\ < ^= pgL lsg s;}n] gb]Vg] u/L n's/] ?g] ub{lyg\ < &= dflnsn] lbPsf] tna dgs'df/Ln] rnfpg kfpFlyg\ < *= pgnfO{ dflnSgLn] lsg s'6s ] L xf]lng\ < (= pgL s:tf] k|sf/sf] afn>lds x'g\ < 18

afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

#= 5nkmnkl5 afFl8Psf syf kfgf hDdf u/L ;xhstf{n] /fVg] . $= lgisif{ :j?k 3/]n' afn>lds s;nfO{ eGg] af/]df Go'hlk|G6df n]v]/ tof/ ul/Psf] s'/f b]vfpg] .

afn>d s] xf] < afn>dsf nflu If]qLo sfo{;d"x -cf/8An'hL–l;Pn_n] u/]sf] kl/efiff cg';f/ !* jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfåf/f pgLx¿sf] :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, af}l4s, g}lts tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df gsf/fTds k|efj kg]{ u/L tyf pgLx¿sf] lzIff k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ s'l07t x'g] u/L ul/g] sfd g} afn>d xf] .

afnsfd s] xf] < afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s dfgl;s ljsf;df gsf/fTds c;/ gkg]{ u/L pgLx¿sf] ;fdflhsLs/0f ug{, ;Lkx¿ l;Sg l;sfpgsf nflu tyf afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f x'g] u/L cfkm\g} 3/df, jf ljBfnodf jf ;dfhdf u/fOg] sfd afn>d xf]Og . o:tf sfdx¿n] afnclwsf/;DaGwL s'g} klg cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gx¿n] ;'lglZrt u/]sf clwsf/x¿dfly x:tIf]k ub}g{ g\ .

3/]n' afn>d s] nfO{ eGg] < sfg'gåf/f dfGotf k|fKt sfd ug]{ pd]/ gk'u]sf jf ;f]eGbf sd pd]/sf afnaflnsfx¿ t]>f] JolQm jf /f]huf/bftfsf] 3/]n' sfd wGbfdf ;+nUg x'g] sfo{nfO{ g} 3/]n' afn>d elgG5 .

s:tf] 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>d eGg] < sfg'gåf/f dfGotf k|fKt sfd ug]{ pd]/eGbf sd pd]/sf jf ;f] pd]/ k'us ] f afnaflnsfx¿ bf;, bf;h:tf] Jojxf/ jf af‘wf >d, ha/h:tL >d, a]rlavg tyf of}g zf]if0f jf b'Jo{jxf/df k/L lzIff, :jf:Yo, g}ltstfdf uDeL/ lsl;dsf] c;/ kg]{ cj:yfdf t]>f] JolQm jf /f]huf/bftfsf] 3/]n' sfd wGbfdf ;+nUg x'g] sfo{nfO{ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>d elgG5 . afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf 19

afnsfd afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;fhdflhs ljsf;df c;/ ub}g{ afnaflnsfx? lx+;f, b'Jo{jxf/ tyf z]if0faf6 ;'/IfLt x'G5g afnaflnsfsf] ljrf/ / efjfgfsf] plrt sb/ ul/Psf] x'G5 .

afn>d afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;fhdflhs ljsf;df c;/ ub{5 . afnaflnsfx? lx+;f, b'Jo{jxf/ tyf z]if0faf6 ;'/IfLt x'bg} g\ . afnaflnsfsf] ljrf/ / efjfgfsf] plrt sb/ ul/b}gg\ .

cfOPncf]–cfOk]sn] ;g\ @))! df g]kfnsf] /fhwfgL sf7df08f}df u/]sf] ¥oflk8 Pl;:d]G6 cg';f/ k|To]s % j6f 3/dWo] Pp6fn] afn>ldsx¿ /fVg] u/]sf] s'/f cg';Gwfgn] k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 k|foM wgf8\o 3/x¿n] ! hgf k"0f{sflng 3/]n' >lds /fVg] u/]sf 5g\ . ;du|df eGbf /fhwfgL sf7df08f} dxfgu/kflnsfdf dfq !% jif{ d'lgsf sl/a @@ xhf/ afnaflnsfx¿ 3/]n' >ddf ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf !* jif{dl' gsf 3/]n' >ldsx¿ s'n *# xhf/ /x]sf5g\ . tL dWo] sl/a $@ xhf/ ^ ;o &$ hgf !$ jif{ jf ;f] d'lgsf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ 5g\ . tL dWo] @ ltxfO{ !) b]lv !$ jif{;Ddsf afnaflnsfx¿ sfddf ;+nUg 5g\ . o;af6 g]kfndf !) b]lv !$ jif{ s} pd]/b]lv 3/]n' >ddf k|jz ] ub{5g\ eGg] kfOPsf] 5 . tL dWo] w]/} h;f]n] tna gkfPsf] / cfwfeGbf a9L s]6fx¿ ePsf] atfOPsf] 5. &@ k|ltzt 3/]n' afn>ldssf cfdf afa' b'j} lhp‘b} /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . afn>ddf k7fpg] clwsf+z 3/x¿df $ b]lv ^ hgf;Ddsf] hfxfg 5 . 20

afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

z}lIfs ;fdu|L æ3/]n' afn>ldssf syfx¿Æ, 3/]n' afn>lds sf] x'g\ < / g]kfndf slt 5g\ < n]vs ] f] Go'hlk|G6

;Demg} kg]{ s'/f olb s'g} afnaflnsf hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu jf >ldssf] ?kdf c?sf] 3/df uP/ bf; jf gf]s/ h:t} sfd ub{5 eg] To:tf afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/]n' afn>lds elgG5 . 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ 3/leqsf sfddf nuftf/ nflu/xg'kg]{ x'bF f pgLx¿n] k9\g,] v]Ng], dgf]/~hg ug{,] cj;/ kfPsf x'bF g} g\ . pgLx¿n] ;fg} pd]/df sfd ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 . o;/L 3/df /flvPsf afn>ldsx¿ !$ jif{dl' gsf 5g\, jf !$ jif{dflysf ePklg bf; h:t} eP/ sfd ug'{ k/]sf] 5, k9\g,] v]Ng] nufotsf clwsf/x¿ pkef]u ug{ kfpFbg} g\, a]rlavgdf k/]sf 5g\, oftgf, of}g zf]if0f jf b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf 5g\ eg] o:tf] cj:yfsf] 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] jf uDeL/ lsl;dsf] zf]if0f ePsf] 3/]n' afn>d elgG5 . t/ afnaflnsfnfO{ k9\g,] v]Ng] cflb cj;/x¿ lbO{, l;kx¿ l;Sg l;sfpgsf nflu tyf afnclwsf/x¿sf] ;+/If0f x'g] u/L cfkm\g} 3/df jf ljBfnodf u/fOg] sfd afn>d geO{ afnsfd xf] .

afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

bf];f| ] ;ftf 3/]n' afn>ldsn] ug]{ sfd / To;sf] c;/ ;do M $% ldg6

p2]Zo ;xefuLx¿ 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿n] ug'k{ g]{ sfd / To;n] afn>ldsx¿df kfg]{ c;/sfaf/]df atfpg ;Sg]5g\ .

lqmofsnfk != ;xhstf{n] ;xefuLx¿nfO{ % ldg6;Dd k|To]s lbg laxfg % ah]b]lv a]n'sf !) ah] ;Dd cfkm\gf] 3/df s]–s] sfd ug'{ kb{5 < ;f]r/] sfkLdf n]Vg nufO{, To;sf] ;"rL sfkLdf tof/ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . @= tkfO{x¿dWo] sf]–s;sf] 3/df afn>ldsx¿ 5g\ < xft p7fpg nufpg'xf];\ / xft p7fpg]dWo] ! hgf 5fq / ! 5fqfnfO{ lgDg k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

;xefuL;Fu ;f]lwg] k|Zgx¿ != tkfO{s + f] 3/df ;a}eGbf klxn] sf] p7\g] ub{5 < @= p7]bl] v ( ah];Dd s]–s] sfdx¿ ug'k{ b{5 < #= s] tkfO{s + f] 3/df sfd ug{ ;3fpgsf] nflu 3/ aflx/sf s'g} afns jf aflnsf 5g\ < afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

$= olb ;3fpg] afns jf aflnsf eP p;n] s]–s] sfd ug'k{ b{5 < %= To;/L /flvPsf afnaflnsf klg ljBfno hfg] ub{5g\ < ^= laxfg p7]bl] v :s'n hfg'eGbf cufl8;Dd tkfO+n { ] s]–s] sfdx¿ ug'e { of] < &= tkfO+s { f] jf tkfO{s + f] efOalxgLsf] emf]nf af]lslbP/ s;}n] :s'n;Dd k'¥ofOlbg] u/]sf] 5 < 5 eg] s;n] < *= lbpF;f] 3/df s]–s] sfd ug'k{ b{5 < (= tL sfdx¿ s;n] ug]{ u/]sf] 5 < !)= tkfO+s { f n'ufkmf6f] s;n] w'g] u/]sf] 5 < !!= s] tkfO{n + ] klg km';b{ x'bF f 3/sf] sfd ;3fpg] ug'e { Psf] 5 < !@= tkfO{n + fO{ ;a}eGbf a9L s] ug{ dgkb{5 < !#= 5'§Lsf] a]nf s'g ;dodf v]Ng'xG' 5 < !$= a]ns ' f 3/df s]–s] sfd ug'k{ b{5 < !%= tL sfdx¿ s;n] ug]{ u/]sf] 5 < { Psf] 5 < !^= a]ns ' f sltv]/ ;'Tg] ug'e

#= lgisif{ :j?k ;xhstf{n] Go'hlk|G6 k]k/df tof/ kfl/Psf] 3/]n' afn>ldsn] ug'{ kg]{ sfdx¿sf] ;"rL s'g} Ps hgf ;xefuLnfO{ k9]/ ;'gfpg nufpg'xf];\ . $= 3/]n' afn>daf6 afnaflnsfdf s]–s] c;/ kfb{5 < eGg] k|Zg ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\ . %= ;xefuLx¿af6 cfPsf pQ/x¿ sfnf] kf6Ldf l6Kg'xf];\ . ^= lgisif{sf] ?kdf ;xefuLx¿;Fu 5nkmn ub}{ 3/]n' afn>daf6 l;lh{t ul/ aLsf] s'rqm d]6fsf8{af6 k|:t't ub}{ vf;u/L hf]lvdo'Qm 3/]n' afn>daf6 afn>ldsx¿dfly kg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjsf] af/]df k|i6 kfg{'xf];\ . 24

afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

3/]n' afn>dsf] sf/0f s] xf] t < 3/]n' afn>d Pp6f uDeL/ ;fdflhs ;d:of xf] . of] cfly{s ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts /fhgLlts kl/j]z;Fu ufFl;Psf] ;jfn xf] . o;sf sf/0fx¿ hl6n lsl;dsf 5g\ M tLdWo] k|dv ' ?kdf ul/aL÷a]/f]huf/L, clzIff, cr]tgf, ;:tf] >d, ;lhnf];uF nufpg ;lsg] >d÷ljb|f]x ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf, a9\bf] hg;+Vof, ;z:q ;+3if{÷;fdflhs c;'/Iff÷lj:yfkg, c;dfg ;fdflhs ljsf;, ;j{;n ' e lzIffsf] cefj, kfl/jfl/s lx+;f, kfl/jfl/s ljrng÷ljof]u, ;x/L /demdsf] cfsif{0f, ;fdflhs lnËe]b cflb /x]sf 5g\ .

3/]n' afn>daf6 afnaflnsf, ;dfhdfly s:tf] c;/ k5{ < k9\g kfpFbg} g\ s'kf]lift x'gk'U5g\ afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavgdf a[l4 x'G5 pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] :jtGqtf u'dfpg k'Ub5g\ of}g zf]if0fsf] l;sf/ x'G5g\ ÷of}g ljs[ltn] k|>o kfpF5 afnfkg pkef]u ug{] cj;/ kfpFbg} g\ cfTdfanxLg afnaflnsfx¿sf] ljsf; x'G5 Psflt/ cfdfafa';uF lj5f]l8g', csf{lt/ b'Jo{jxf/ vKg' kbf{ pgLx¿ lg/f; / lrGtfu|:t b]lvG5g\ tgfjsf sf/0f c?dfly b'Jo{jxf/ / ljWj+;fTds lsl;dsf] Jojxf/ b]vfpg] ;+efjgf x'G5 pgLx¿df abnfsf] efjgf pTkGg x'g] ub{5 . ;du|df afnclwsf/af6 al~rt x'g k'Ub5g\ . afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf 25

;dfhdf b'O{ ju{sf afnaflnsfx¿ pTkfbg x'g k'Ub5g\ . eljiodf cbIf gful/sx¿ pTkfbg x'g k'Ub5g\ . xfd|f] ;dfhsf clwsf+z JolQmn] 3/]n' afn>dnfO{ Psbd} ;xh / :jefljs ?kdf lnPsf] kfOG5 . t/ cfkm" a;]sf 3/sf dflnssf cfkm' ;/xsf bfh'lbbL efOalxgLx¿ ljBfno uPsf], km';b{ df v]ns ] f], cfkm\gf cfdfafa';uF n'6k' 6' ' u/]sf] b]Vbf 3/]n' afn>ddf ;+nUg k|To]s afnaflnsfx?sf] dg slt s'lF 8Psf] x'G5 eGg] s'/f pgLx¿sf] x[bosf] s'/f vf]tNbf dfq yfxfx'G5 .

3/]n' afn>daf6 l;lh{t ul/aLsf] s'rqm

z}lIfs ;fdu|L rs, 8:6/, Go'hlk|G6 k]k/df 3/]n' afn>ldsn] ug]{ sfd n]lvPsf] ;"rL 3/]n' afn>daf6 l;lh{t ul/aLsf] s'rqmx¿ n]vs ] f d]6fsf8{x¿ 26

afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf 27

s] of] ;fdflhs ;d:of xn ug{ ;lsGg t < cjZo ;lsG5 . of] ;d:of hl6n k|sl[ tsf] ePsf]n] xn ug{ klg nfdf] ;do nfUg ;S5 . o;sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o, /fli6«o txb]lv u|fld0f tx;Ddaf6 uDeL/ k|of; x'g' cfjZos 5 . afn>dsf] lj?4df ;r]tgf cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ tyf cGt/f{li6«o tyf /fli6«o txdf afn>dlj?4 ag]sf sfg'gx¿ Jojxfl/s ?kdf nfu" x'g ;s]df of] ;d:of xn x'g ;S5 . cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gn] afn>d pGd"ngsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf] 5 . b]zleq of] sfd ug{sf nflu s]Gb«bl] v lhNnf / ufpF tx;Ddsf ;/sf/L, u}/;sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;fy} l;Ëf] ;dfh kl/rflnt x'g' h?/L 5 . ;dfh kl/jt{gsf nflu cGo txsf ;d'bfosf] cltl/Qm ljleGg ljBfnox?df cWoog/t nfvf}+ ljBfyL{x?sf] 7"nf] e"ldsf x'G5 . afnaflnsf eg]sf ;dfh kl/jt{gsf afxs x'g\ . pgLx?sf] hf]z hfFu/ tyf pgLx¿df /x]sf] /rgfTds tyf l;h{gfTds IfdtfnfO{ afn>dlj?4sf] cleofgdf nufpg] xf] eg] 3/]n' afn>dsf] lj?4df hgr]tgf hufpg] sfddf pNn]vgLo k|ult x'g] s'/f lglZrt 5 .

afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

t]>f] ;ftf lgs[i6 k|sf/sf 3/]n' afn>d Go"gLs/0f ug{sf nflu pkfox¿ ;do M $% ldg6

p2]Zo ;xefuLx¿ 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug{] pkfox¿sf] af/]df atfpg ;Sg]5g\ .

lqmofsnfk != ;xhstf{n] ;xefuLx¿nfO{ 3/]n' afn>lds cfkm" h:t} afnaflnsf ePsf]n] pgLx¿dfly eO/x]sf] kL8f sd ug{ tkfO{+ s]–s] ug{ ;Sg'xG' 5 < eg]/ ;f]Rg nufpg'xf];\ . @= ;xefuLx¿n] ;f]lr;s]kl5 pgLx¿n] cfkm"n] ;f]rs ] f] s'/f atfpg nufpg'xf];\ . atfPsf s'/fx¿sf] l6kf]6 ug{'xf];\ . #= pQ/ eGg nufpFbf 5f;ld; 9+un] slxn] 5fq clg slxn] 5fqfnfO{ eGg nufpg'xf];\ . $= lgisif{ :j?k ;xhstf{n] 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx¿n] ug{ ;Sg] s'/fx¿ atfOlbg] . afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf 29

3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ s;/L ;xof]u ug{ ;lsG5 < ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx¿n] lgDg k|sf/n] ;xof]u ug{ ;Sb5g\ M cfˆgf] 3/, l5d]sdf ePsf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿k|lt ;fyL, bfh', efO, jf lbbLalxgLsf] h:tf] Jojxf/ u/]/ cfkm"n] hfg]sf s'/fx¿ l;sfOlbP/ cgf}krfl/s afnsIff jf ljBfno k9\g] h:tf cj;/x? lbnfpg tyf To:tf] cj;/ kfPsf] v08df pgLx¿nfO{ hfg ;xof]u u/]/ ug{ ;Sg] sfdx¿ ug{ ;3fOlbP/ cfkm"n] kfPsf vfg]s/' fx¿ afFl8r'8L vfP/, ;fgf dl;gf s'/fx¿nfO{ lnP/ afn>ldssf lj?4 cfdfa'afnfO{ kf]n gnufP/ 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿af6 s'g} uNtL eP cfkm}+ ;Demfpg] a'emfpg] u/]/, afnclwsf/ tyf afn>d;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf] af/]df hfgsf/L /fv]/, b]zleq afnaflnsfsf xs lxtsf nflu ag]sf sfg'gx¿k|lt rf;f] /fv]/, afnclwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt s'/fx¿ 3/]n' afn>ldssf nflu klg ;dfg 9+un] nfu' x'g] s'/f x'g\ eGg] s'/fsf] x]Ssf cfkm"n] /fv]/ / c?nfO{ klg atfP/ afnaflnsfdfly ePsf lx+;fx¿sf] lj?4df tyf lgs[i6 cj:yfdf /x]sf 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] kIfdf syf, sljtf, n]vx¿ cflb n]v/] , ufpF3/, 5/l5d]slt/ x'g] afn>ldsx¿dfly x'g] lx+;fsf] lj?4df pleP/, kLl8tx¿sf] kIfdf af]n/] , kl/jt{gsf] ;+jfxs eP/ ,

afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

ufpF3/df ;+rfng u/]sf afnSna tyf afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;d"xx¿nfO{ ;xof]u u/]/, 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] btf{ ug{ ;xof]u u/]/, lgs[i6 cj:yf cyjf cToGt bogLo cj:yfdf /x]sf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u u/]/, pgLx?sf] kIfdf pleP/ . lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>dsf] lj?4df afnleQ] klqsf, tyf cGo klqsfx¿df n]v, sljtf cflb 5kfP/ . ljBfnodf x'g] sljtf, jfbljjfb k|ltof]lutf, jQm[Tjsnf, lgaGw cflb k|ltof]lutfx¿df lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>dsf] ljifonfO{ ;dfj]z u/]/ lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] 3/]n' afn>dsf] lj?4df r]tgf hufpg] lsl;dsf gf6s, ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng u/]/ .

3/]n' afn>dlj?4sf sfg'gx¿ cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g afnclwsf/ dxf;lGw !(*( afnaflnsfx¿aLr hft, hflt, lnË, j0f{, hGd, cflb s'g} klg s'/fsf] cfwf/ df e]befj ug{ gkfOg] cfdfafa'af6 x]/rfx kfpg] kl/ro, /fli6«otfsf] clwsf/ kfpg] la5f]l8Psf afnaflnsfx¿n] cfdfafa';uF lgoldt e]63f6 ug{ kfpg] dgdf nfu]sf s'/f eGg kfpg] ;+u7g agfpg kfpg] lzIff k|fKt ug{ kfpg] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, b"Jo{jxf/af6 ;+/If0f kfpg] afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

km';b{ sf] a]nf cf/fd ug{ kfpg] cfly{s zf]if0faf6 ;+/If0f kfpg] of}g zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/af6 d'lQm kfpg] ckx/0f tyf a]rlavgaf6 ;+/If0f kfpg]

#= /f]huf/Ldf ;+nUg x'g kfpg] Go"gtd pd]/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g -cfO=Pn=cf]=_ sf] dxf;lGw g+= !#*, ;g\ !(&# /f]huf/Ldf nufpg ;lsg] Go"gtd pd]/ !% jif{ tf]lsPsf] 5 . -wf/f @=#_ cfly{s z}lIfs ;'ljwf kof{Kt ljsl;t gePsf] l:yltdf /f]huf/Lsf] nflu Go"gtd pd]/ !$ jif{ sfod ug{ ;lsg]5 . -wf/f @=$_

$= lgs[i6 cj:yfsf] afn>d;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g -cfO=Pn cf]=_sf] dxf;lGw g+= !*@, h'g ! ;g\ !((( dxf;lGwn] !* jif{dl' gsf ;a} afnaflnsfnfO{ hf]lvdo'Qm >ddf nufpg lgif]w u/]sf] 5 . dxf;lGwn] hf]lvdo'Qm afn>dleq lgDg s'/fx¿nfO{ ;d]6s ] f] 5 M != bf;Tj jf ;f] ;/xsf ;a} :j?kx¿, afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg, cf];f/k;f/, C0f aFwj' f, afFwf>d, ;z:q ;+3if{sf nflu afnaflnsfsf] clgjfo{ jf ha/ h:tL egf{ nufot s'g} klg ha/h:tL jf clgjfo{ >d @= b]x Jofkf/, clZnn lrq0f jf k|bz{gx¿sf nflu afnaflnsfsf] k|of]u, k|flKt jf ck0f{ #= u} / sfg' g L lqmofsnfkx¿ vf;u/L nfu' cf} i fwx¿sf] pTkfbg tyf cf];f/k;f/sf] nflu afnaflnsfsf] k|of]u, k|flKt jf ck{0f . $= afnaflnsfx¿sf] :jf:Yo, ;'/Iff jf g}ltstfdf xfgL k'¥ofpg ;Sg] sfo{x¿ . 32

afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g -cfO=Pn=cf]=_sf] l;kmfl/; g+= !() o;n] lgDg sfo{x¿nfO{ hf]lvdk"0f{ sfo{sf ?kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 M != zf/Ll/s, dgf]j1 } flgs / of}g b'Jo{jxf/ x'g ;Sg] sfo{ @= hldgd'lg, kfgLd'lg, vt/gfs prfO jf aGb :yfgdf ug'k{ g]{ sfo{ #= vt/gfs oGqx¿, pks/0fx¿ / cf}hf/x¿;Fusf] sfo{ jf ux|f+} jhgx¿ xft}n] ;+rfng jf cf];f/k;f/ ug'k{ g]{ sfo{ $= c:j:y jftfj/0fdf ul/g] sfo{, cToflws tfk, Wjlg, sDkgdf ug'k{ g]{ sfo{ %= sl7g aGb]hdf ug'k{ g]{ sfo{, nfdf] ;do;Dd ug'k{ g],{ /ftdf ug'{ kg]{ sfo{, y'gfdf /fv]/ ul/g] sfo{

/fli6«o sfg'gx? != g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& s;}nfO{ klg afFwf jf bf; t'Nofpg jf OR5flj?4 sfddf nufpg gkfOg] wf/f @) pkwf/f !_ gfafnsnfO{ s'g} snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} cGo s'g} hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg gkfOg] -wf/f @) pkwf/f @_

@= afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g @)$* !^ jif{ pd]/ gk'u; ] DdnfO{ afnaflnsf dflgPsf] 5 . 5f]/f, 5f]/L, wd{kq' , wd{kq' L, ljjfx cl3 jf kl5 hGd]sf] eGg] h:tf cfwf/df s'g} klg afnaflnsf e]befj ug'{ x'bF g} . afnaflnsfk|lt qm'/ jf oftgfk"0f{ Jojxf/ ug'{ x'bF g} . o;f] ul/Pdf Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ ?= %))).–;Dd hl/jfgf jf ! jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g5 ] . afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

afnaflnsfsf] kIfdf sfg'g Joj;foL geP;Dd afnaflnsfsf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ x'bF g} . afnaflnsfsf] d'2f x]g{ 5'§} afncbfntsf] u7g ul/g], ;f] geP;Dd k|To]s lhNnf cbfntdf afnOhnf; u7g ul/g]5 . s'g} klg afnaflnsf jfbL jf k|ltjfbL ePsf] d'2fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ sf/afxL lsgf/f ug'k{ 5{ .

ph'/L s;n] lbg] < dfly elgPsf ;hfo x'g] s;'/ ug]s { f lj?4df afnaflnsfsf tkm{af6 lghsf] afa', cfdf, ;+/Ifs / xsjfnfn] ph'/ lbg ;S5 . P]g adf]lhd ;hfo x'g] s;'/;DaGwL d'2f h'g;'s} JolQm jf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ph'/Laf6 rNg] 5 .

ph'/L sxfF lbg] < afncbfnt u7g ePsf] eP afncbfntdf geP lhNnf cbfntdf ph'/L lbg ;lsg]5 .

ph'/L slxn];Dddf lbg] < s;'/ ePsf] u/]sf] ldltn] Ps jif{leqdf lbg'kb{5 . t/ ablgotk"js { afnssf] ;DklQ a]rlavg u/]sf]df hlxn];s ' } klg / afnsnfO{ cg}lts sfddf nufPsf]df ;f] sfd eP u/]sf] eP u/]sf] ldltn] # jif{;Dd gfln; nfUg ;S5 . t/ hlt l9nf] u¥of] plt ck/fwL pDsg ;Sg], k|df0fx¿ gfl;g ;Sg] ePsf]n] ;s];Dd l56f] ph'/L ug'k{ b{5 . %= cGTodf ;xefuLx¿ dfem olb xfldn] cfkm'nfO{ 3/]n' 3/]n' afn>d la?4 pEofpg] xf] eg] cfrf/;+lxtfdf x:tfIf/ ug{ cfJxfg ug'{xf];\ / s'g} Ps ;xefuLnfO{ cfrf/;+lxtfsf a'bfx¿ 7"nf] 7"nf] :j/n] k9\g nufpg'xf];\ / ;a} ;xefuLx¿nfO{ Ps Ps j6f cfrf/;+lxtfdf x:tfIf/ u/fpg'xf];\ . 34

afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

bf];f| ] v08 k|fylds txsf nflu

afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf 35

afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

lzIfs ;fyLx¿n] Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿ o; v08df k|:t't ul/Psf] afnsyf k|fylds txdf cWoog ug]{ afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;+jb] gzLn agfpFb} 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0fsf la?4 kl/rfng ug{sf nflu t}of/ ul/Psf] xf] . o; syfnfO{ x''ax'' ¿kdf sIffdf k9]/ ;''gfpg] eGbf klg o;sf] ;/nLs[t JofVof g} a9L k|efjsf/L x''G5 . o;/L k|efjsf/L JofVof ug{sf nflu M != ;j{ky| d o; syfnfO{ cfkm""n] cWoog ug''x{ f];\ . @= cfkm""n] syf ;''gfpg] afnaflnsfx¿sf] a''emfOsf] :t/ dfkg ug''x{ f];\ . #= syfnfO{ To;} cg''¿k d''Vo—d''Vo a''bF fx¿ g5''6g\ ] u/L ;+If]kLs/0f / ;/nLs[t ug''x{ f];\ . $= o;/L ;+If]kLs/0f ul//xFbf syfsf] d""n efj 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0fsf] lj/f]w ug]{ / p;sf] kIfdf ;''wf/ Nofpg] s''/fnfO{ lau|g glbg''xf];\ . %= cGtdf n]lvPsf k|Zgx¿ Affnaflnsfx¿;Fu /fVg gla;{g'xf];\ / pgLx¿sf] ;sf/fTds pQ/sf] d""NofÍg ug''x{ f];\ . ^= cfjZostfcg'';f/ ce}m klg ;r]t agfpg h?/L b]lvPdf o:t} efj ePsf syfx¿ agfP/ pgLx¿nfO{ ;''gfpg ;Sg''x'G5 . ¿ksf] Jojxf/ &= ;Dej ePdf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ klg o:t} syf n]Vg / To;cg¿ ug{ clg To;af6 b]lvPsf cg''ejx¿nfO{ n]v/] Nofpgsf nflu clek|l] /t ug''x{ f];\ . *= cleefjs e]nfsf cj;/x¿df afnaflnsfx¿dfkm{t g} o; syfnfO{ gf6ssf] ¿k lbP/ k|:t''t ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

lbk'sf] cf}iflw lbk' c¿ s]6fx¿h:tf] 5}g . pm ;Fw} lg/f; b]lvG5 . pm ;fyLx¿;Fu v]Ng hfFbg} . a? r'kf] nfu]/ al;/xG5 . æd :s'n hfGg cfdf . ToxfF d]/f sf]xL ldNg] ;fyL 5}gg\ . pgLx¿n] dnfO{ lh:sfpF5g\ . km]l/ pgLx¿ ;a}nfO{ cfdfa'afn] k'¥ofpg / lng cfpF5g\ . t/, dnfO{ t s;}n] klg k'¥ofpg lg hfFbg} g\ . g t lng g} cfpF5g\ .Æ Ps lbg lbk'n] lgof;|f] dfGb} cfdfnfO{ eGof] . æPs hgf s]6f] Nofpg'k¥of] . lbk'nfO{ ;fyL klg x'G5 . ltdLnfO{ klg ;lhnf] x'G5 .Æ lbk'sf] u'gf;f] ;'lg/xg'ePsf] a'afn] cfdfnfO{ eGg'eof] . a'afsf] s'/fdf cfdf ;xdt x'ge ' of] . Ps lbg ;fFemkv a'afn] Ps hgf s]6f] Nofpg'eof] . p;n] d}nf] emf]nf af]ls/x]sf] lyof] . p;n] ;/;/tL sf]7f x]¥of] . æs] otfplt x]l//x]sf] < e'OF df /fVg emf]nf .Æ cfdfn] 7f8f] :j/df p;nfO{ eGg'eof] . cfdfn] o;/L af]Ng'ePsf] lbk'n] slxNo} ;'gs ] f] lyPg . p;nfO{ crDd nfUof] . æt]/f] gfd s] xf] < slt jif{sf] eO;\ < n]v k9ug{ hfg]sf] 5;\ ls 5}g;\ <Æ cfdfn] km]l/ To;/L g} p;nfO{ ;f]Wg'eof] . æZofd . * jif{sf] ePF /] . ufpFsf] :s'ndf # sIff;Dd dfq} k9]sf] 5' .Æ p;n] 8/fO8/fO eGof] . cfdfn] æP .Æ dfq} eGg'eof] / ZofdnfO{ ToxLF a:g] O;f/f ub}{ sf]7flt/ hfg'eof] . a'af klg cfdfsf] kl5kl5 hfg'eof] . sf]7fdf lbk' / Zofd dfq afFsL eP . lbk'nfO{ s] u¿–s] u¿ eof] . pm klg cfdfa'af hfg'ePsf] sf]7f lt/ uof] . p;n] 9f]sfaf6 a'afcfdfsf] s'/fsfgL ;'Gof] . æs]6f] t w]/} ;fgf] 5 . lbk'eGbf b'O{ jif{n] dfq h]7f] xf]nf . To:tf] ;fgf] s]6f]n] s] sfd unf{ / < To;}n] To;nfO{ 3/df /fv]/ s] ug'{ < a]sf/df p;s} :ofxf/ ug'k{ nf{h:tf] b]lvG5 . eof] . To;nfO{ kmsf{Olbg'xf];\ .Æ cfdfn] a'afnfO{ eGg'eof] . 38

afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

æ;fgf] eP/ s] ef] t < pm clxn] lbk'nfO{ ;fyL x'G5 .Æ a'afn] eGb} x'gx' G' Yof] . lbk' kms]/{ Zofd ePsf] 7fpFlt/ uof] . a'af cfdfnfO{ eGb} x'gx' G' Yof]— æ;fg}df 3/df /fVof] eg] sfd nufpg ;lhnf] klg x'G5 . ;fgf] s]6f]nfO{ kmsfP/— t;f{P/ eP klg sfddf nufpg ;lsG5 .Æ a'afsf] s'/f cfdfnfO{ lrQ a'em\of] . lbk'n] Zofdsf] cg'xf/df k'nS' s x]¥of] . Zofdn] klg lbk'nfO{ k'nS' s x]¥of] . 8/fO/x]sf] ZofdnfO{ b]v/] lbk' d';S' s xfF:of] . Zofd pmhq} lyof] . p;nfO{ Zofd cfkm\gf] ;fyLh:t} nfUof] . cab]lv pm;Fu v]Ng kfOg] ePsf]df p;nfO{ /dfOnf] nfUof] . To;}n] Zofd 3/df cfPsf]df p;nfO{ v';L nfUof] . æa; g lsg ple/x]sf] <Æ lbk'n] eGof] . Zofd ToxLF e'Od F{ f 6';S' s a:b} d':s'/fof] . æP . ToxfF lsg a;]sf] < oxfF a;g .Æ lbk'n] d]rlt/ b]vfpFb} eGof] . æo;nfO{ lsg hfGg] x'gk/]sf] <Æ k/}af6 lbk';uF s/fpFb} cfdf cfpg'eof] . cfdfsf] Jojxf/ b]v/] lbk' emg lhNn k¥of] . æe'OF df a:g' x'bF g} , k]6df h'sf k5{ .Æ eg]/ cfdfn] cfkm"nfO{ slxNo} e'OF df a:g glbg'ePsf] lbk'n] ;Dem\of] . t/ p;n] cfdfnfO{ s]xL eGg] lxDdt u/]g . cfdfn] ZofdnfO{ e¥ofªlt/ n}hfg'eof] . æoxfF ;kmf u/ . t]/f] a:g] ;'Tg] 7fpF cab]lv oxL xf] .Æ cfdfn] e¥ofªd'lgsf] vfnL 7fpF b]vfpFb} eGg'eof] . Zofdn] s]xL af]Ng ;s]g . p;n] 6fpsf] xNnfpFb} x; eGof] . æe¥ofªd'lg ghfpm . ToxfFsf] w'nf]n] ?3f nfUg;S5 .Æ cfdfn] ;Fw} cfkm"nfO{ eGg] ug'e { Psf] zAbx¿ lbk'n] ;Dem\of] . ædnfO{ ?3f nfUg;S5 eg] ZofdnfO{ klg t ?3f nfUg;S5 . Zofd klg dh:t} t xf] . t/ cfh cfdfnfO{ s] eof] < lsg cfdfn] ZofdnfO{ klg ?3f nfUg;S5 eGg] g;f]Rg'ePsf] <Æ lbk'n] dgdg} ;f]Rof] . cfdfn] ZofdnfO{ efG5f b]vfpg'eof] . 3/aflx/ /x]sf] efF8f dfem\g] 7fpF b]vfpg'eof] . clg s]xL efF8fx? lbP/ dfem\g nufpg'eof] . p;n] efF8f dflem/x]sf] x]l//xg'eof] . clg ef8f dfem\bf o;/L dfem\gk' 5{ — p;/L sfd ug'k{ 5{ eGb} s8f :j/df l;sfpg'eof] . æof] ;x/ xf] . oxfF kfgLsf] ;Fw} hf]xf] ug'k{ 5{ . w]/} kfgL vr{ gug'{ .Æ eGb} cfdfn] p;nfO{ Ogf/af6 kfgL lemSg / cf];fg{ nufpg'eof] . Zofdn] ;sL—g;sL ;a} sfd v'?v'? ul//x]sf] lbk'n] x]l//Xof] . cfdfn] ZofdnfO{ o:t/L sfd nufPsf], 7"nf] :j/df s'/f u/]sf] k6Ss} dg k/]g . æ;a}nfO{ dfof ug'k{ 5{ . ;a}nfO{ OHht ug'k{ 5{ . c¿nfO{ b'Mv gk'¥ofpg] sfd ug'k{ 5{ .Æ eg]/ ljBfnodf u'?cfdfn] eGg'ePsf] s'/f p;n] ;Dem\of] . a]ns ' f vfgf vfg] a]nf eof] . a'afcfdf / lbk' vfgf vfgsf nflu a;] . afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf 39

æ3/df cfPb]lv Zofdn] Psl5g klg cf/fd u/]sf] 5}g . p;nfO{ emg slt ef]s nfu]sf] xf]nf < pm klg t dh:t} s]6f xf] .Æ lbk'n] dgdg} ;f]Rof] . lbk'nfO{ cfkm\gf] Kn]6df /fv]sf] ;a} vfgf ZofdnfO{ lbpmFh:t} nfUof] . ælsg 6f]NxfP/ al;/x]sf] afa' < vfgf vfpg .Æ cfdfn] dfofn' :j/df lbk'nfO{ eGg'eof] . Tolta]nf Zofdn] klg lbk'nfO{ k'nSs x]¥of] . æcfdf . ZofdnfO{ klg vfgf lbg'xf];\ g . p;nfO{ klg slQ ef]s nflu;Sof] xf]nf .Æ lbk'n] cfkm\gf] dgsf] s'/f eGof] . æxfdLn] vfP kl5 lbpFnf lg . clxn] ltdL vfpm g . lsg Zofdsf] lk/ ul//x]sf] <Æ cfdfn] s8f :j/df eGg'eof] . cfdfsf] s8f :j/ ;'g/] lbk'sf] lrQ b'Vof] . pm ToxfFaf6 p7]/ uof] . æo;nfO{ cfh s] ePsf] xf]nf <Æ cfdfn] a'aflt/ x]b{} s/fpg'eof] . æcfkm\gf] 5f]/f l;t lsg o;/L af]ns ] L t <Æ a'afn] pN6} cfdfnfO{ k|Zg ug'e{ of] . a'afsf] k|Zg ;'g/] cfdf em;Ë x'ge' of] . Zofd;Fu rsf]{ :j/df af]Nbfaf]Nb} lbk';uF klg rsf]{ :j/df af]lnP5 eGg] cfdfn] dx;'; ug'e{ of] . ænf . tF klg vf .Æ cfdfn] ZofdnfO{ xf]RofpFb} vfgf lbg'eof] . clg lbk'nfO{ kmsfpFb} vfgf v'jfpg'eof] . Tolta]nf Zofdn] 3/df cfdfn] dfof ub}{ vfgf lbg'ePsf] ;Dem\of] . lbk'n] Zofdsf] cfvfFaf6 t'?Ss cfF;' em/]sf] b]Vof] . ælar/f . Zofdsf] klg cfdfa'af xf]nf lg < pm lsg cfkm\gf] 3/ 5f]8/] oxfF cfof] <Æ p;n] Zofdsf] af/]df ;f]Rg yfNof] . o;/L b'Mv lbP/ ZofdnfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/df /fVg p;nfO{ dg ePg . a]ns ' L ;a}hgf l6=eL= x]g{ a;] . Zofdn] e¥ofªd'lgsf] vfnL 7fpF ;kmf ug{ yfNof] . æZofd ltdL lsg oxfF cfof} < ltdLnfO{ oxfF w]/} b'Mv eof] xls <Æ lbk'n] ZofdnfO{ ;f]Wof] . lbk'sf] dfofn' :j/ ;'g/] Zofd 6f]Nxfof] . æoxfF cfpg] /x/ t lyPg . t/ xfd|f] ufpF3/df emg\ b'Mv 5 . t/ s]xL 5}g, dflnsn] k9fpF5' eGg'ePsf] 5 . d b'Mv u/]/ eP klg k9\5' lg .Æ Zofdn] cfF;' k'5b\ } eGof] . ælbk' s] ul//x]sf] < otf cfpm .Æ cfdfn] lbk'nfO{ xsfg'e { of] . æltdL hfpm . gq cfdf l/;fpg'xG' 5 . clg ltdLn] d]/f] af/]df lk/ gu/ . gq ltd|f] a'afcfdf d;Fu l/;fpg'xG' 5 . clg d k9\g klg kfpFlbg . To;}n] ltdL d;Fu s'/f ug{ gcfpm .Æ Zofdn] lbk'nfO{ b'vL x'bF } eGof] . Zofdsf] s'/f ;'g/] lbk'sf] lrQ b'Vof] . pm ;/f;/ cfkm\gf] sf]7df uof] . clg Zofdsf] af/]df ;f]Rb} lgbfof] . 40 afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

ef]lnkN6 laxfg klg Zofdn] To;/L g} sfd u¥of] . laxfgsf] vfgf vfPkl5 cfdfn] lbk'nfO{ :s'n k'¥ofpg hfg'eof] . Tolta]nf cfdfn] ZofdnfO{ klg lbk'sf] :s'n b]vfpg n}hfg'eof] . lbk'sf] :s'n 3/af6 !% ldg]6 6f9f lyof] . hfFbfhfFb,} cfdfn] ZofdnfO{ lbk'sf] emf]nf / l6lkmg aS; af]Sg nufpg'eof] . lstfan] el/Psf] lbk'sf] emf]nf af]Sg kfpFbf Zofd v';L eof] . cfkm" klg Ps lbg lstfasf] emf]nf af]s/] ljBfnodf k9\g hfg] sNkgf ug{ yfNof] . æaf6f] ;lDem/fv\ . e/] lbk'nfO{ lng oxL af6f] eP/ cfpg'k5{ lg .Æ lbk'nfO{ ljBfno k'¥ofP/ kms{g] a]nfdf cfdfn] ZofdnfO{ eGg'eof] . Zofdn] kms{g] a]nfdf jl/kl/ ePsf] 3/x?nfO{ x]//] af6f] ;Demg] sf]lz; u¥of] . lbpF;f] tLg ah] Zofd lbk'nfO{ lng ljBfno k'Uof] . 9f]sfaflx/ ZofdnfO{ b]v/] lbk' v';L eof] . Zofdn] lbk'sf] emf]nf af]Sgsf nflu dfUof] . æd]/f] emf]nf ltdLn] lsg af]Sg'k¥of] / < d cfkm} cfkm\gf] emf]nf af]Sg ;lsxfN5' lg .Æ eGb} lbk'n] emf]nf lbg dfg]g . ljBfnosf] emf]nf af]Sgsf nflu u¥xf}F 5 eGg] lbk'nfO{ yfxf lyof] . To;}n] p;nfO{ emf]nf af]Sg eg]kl5 lbSs / cN5L nfUYof] . t/ cfh p;n] cfkm\gf] emf]nf ZofdnfO{ af]sfPg . æZofd klg t cfkm"hq} 5 . dnfO{ emf]nf af]Sbf uf¥xf] x'G5 eg] p;nfO{ klg t uf¥xf] x'G5 xf]nf lg .Æ eGg] ;f]r/] lbk'n] ZofdnfO{ b'Mv lbg rfx]g . Tolt g} a]nf Ps hgf lbk'sf] ;fyL ;fu/ pgLx¿sf] glhs} cfOk'Uof] . æpm sf] xf] <Æ ;fu/n] Zofdlt/ x]b{} ;f]Wof] . æpm d]/f] ;fyL xf] . p;sf] gfd Zofd xf] .Æ lbk'n] eGof] . Æpm s'g :s'ndf k9\5 <Æ ;fu/n] km]l/ ;f]Wof] . æpm clxn] s'g} klg :s'ndf k9\bg} . a? d]/f] 3/df a;]sf] 5 . clg ltdL klg p;sf] ;fyL ag g .Æ lbk'n] pT;flxt x'bF } eGof] . æpm ltd|f] 3/df lsg a:5 lg <Æ ;fu/n] km]l/ ;f]Wof] . æd p;sf] 3/df sfd u5'{ . p;sf] a'afn] dnfO{ ljBfnodf egf{ ul/lbG5' eGg'ePsf] 5 .Æ Zofdn] ;fu/nfO{ eGof] . Zofdsf] s'/f ;'g/] ;fu/n] gfs v'DRofof] . afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf 41

æltdL t lbk'sf] 3/df sfd ug]{ gf]s/ kf] /x]5f} . gf]s/ klg st} xfd|f] ;fyL x'G5g\ / < wt\ .Æ Zofdsf] lv;L p8fpFb} ;fu/ ToxfFaf6 lxF8o\ f] . æg/fd|f] gdfg, Zofd . Tof] ;fu/n] eGb}df x'G5 / <Æ lbk'n] l/;fpFb} eGof] . pgLx¿ b'j} hgf 3/ k'u] . vfhf vfPkl5 cfdfn] gb]Vg] u/L lbk'n] cfkm\gf] Kn]6 cfkm}n] dfem\of] . Ogf/af6 kfgL cf];fg{ ZofdnfO{ d2t u¥of] . afFsL ePsf] ;dodf lbk'n] cfkm\gf] lstfjx¿ p;nfO{ k9\g lbof] . Zofd v';L eof] . p;n] lbk'sf] lstfjx? k9\g yfNof] . ghfg]sf] s'/fx¿ lbk'nfO{ ;f]Wg yfNof] . Zofdn] o;/L ;f]Wbf lbk'nfO{ ;fx|} /dfOnf] nfUYof] . pm klg ghfg]sf] s'/fx¿ ljBfnodf lzIfs÷lzlIfsf;Fu ;f]WbYof] . clg 3/ k'u/] ZofdnfO{ atfpFYof] . ljBfno hfg / u[xsfo{ ug{ clN5 dfGg] lbk' cr]n v'?v'? ljBfno hfg yfn]sf] b]v/] cfdfa'af v';L eP . Pslbg cfdfn] ZofdnfO{ efF8f dfem\g c¥xfpg'eof] . aflx/ emdemd kfgL kl//x]sf] lyof] . Zofdn] kfgLdf leHb} efF8f dfem\g yfNof] . æcfdf Û ZofdnfO{ lsg kfgLdf leh]/ efF8f dfem\g nufpg'ePsf] <Æ lbk'n] cfdfnfO{ ;f]Wof] . lbk'sf] k|Zg cfdfn] ;'g/] klg g;'ge] m}+ ug'e{ of] . To;kl5 lbk'n] xQkQ 5ftf NofP/ ZofdnfO{ cf]9fOlbof] . ælsg Zofd, kfgL yfd]kl5 dfem\bf eOxfN5 lg . lsg xtf/ u/]sf] <Æ lbk'n] ;f]Wof] . æltdL hfpm lbk' . clxn] cfdfn] ltdLnfO{ ufnL ug'x{ G' 5 . ljBfnon] egf{ lng] a]nf cfO/x]sf] 5 . egf{ x'gsf nflu k/LIff lbg'k5{ /] . To;sf nflu tof/L ug'k{ ¥of] lg . olQ sfd ;sfP/ k9\g a:5' . ÆZofdn] eGof] . Zofdsf] s'/f ;'g/] lbk' Psl5g lhNn k¥of] . p;n] ;f]Rof] –æZofd w]/} d]xgtL 5 . xfd|f] 3/df sfd u/]/ eP klg k9\5' eG5 . kfgLdf leh]/ eP klg k9\5' eG5 . t/ d}n] < hfFr glhs cfO;Sbf klg /fd|/L k9]sf] 5}g . p;n]h:t} b'Mv u/]/ k9\g' k/]sf] eP <Æ lbk'sf] hLp l;l/Ë eof] . lbk' ToxfFaf6 a'af ePsf] 7fpFdf uof] . æa'af Û Zofd k9\5' eG5 . p;nfO{ klg ljBfnodf egf{ ul/lbg'xf];\ x} .Æ lbk'n] a'afnfO{ eGof] . lbk'sf] s'/f ;'g/] a'af ' of] . cfkm"n] ZofdnfO{ ljBfnodf k9fOlbG5' eg]sf] s'/f ;Demg'eof] . em;Ë x'ge 42

afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

ælsg k9\g k¥of] To;nfO{ < 3/df sfd ug{ hflgxfNof] Sof/ . To;nfO{ k9fP/ xfdLnfO{ s] kmfObf < ltdL cfkm" r'kf] nfu]/ k9 g . lsg Zofdsf] s'/f ul/lxF85 \ f} <Æ cfdfn] lbk'nfO{ ufnL ub}{ eGg'eof] . cfdfsf] s'/f ;'g/] / a'af r'kf] nfUg'ePsf] b]v/] lbk'sf] lrQ b'Vof] . æd]/f cfdfa'af lsg olt w]/} 5'Rrf] ag]sf x'g\ eGg] p;n] ;f]Rof] .Æ pm lg/f; eof] . ef]lnkN6 vfgf vfPkl5 Zofd lbk'nfO{ ljBfno;Dd k'¥ofpg uof] . lbk'n] Zofd;Fu af6f]df Ps zAb klg af]ng] . ljBfnosf] 9f]sfleq k:g] a]nfdf lbk'n] ZofdnfO{ eGof] æltdL xfd|f] 3/df sfd ug{ 5f]l8b]pm . clg 3/ hfpm .Æ lbk'sf] o:tf] s'/f ;'g/] Zofd cSsaSs eof] . p;n]] 9f]sfleq l5g{ nfu]sf] lbk'sf] xft 6\ofKk ;dfpFb} eGof] ædnfO{ ;a} s'/f yfxf 5 lbk' . ltdL lk/ gu/ . d}n] k9\g gkfP klg s] eof] / < ltdLn] dnfO{ k9\g l;sfOxfN5f} lg . dnfO{ yfxf 5 — ltdL dnfO{ w]/} dfof u5f}{ . ltdLn] dnfO{ ;lhnf] xf];\ eg]/ cfkm\gf] sfd cfkm} ug{ yfn]sf xf} . ltdL w]/} 1fgL 5f} . ;a} ltdLh:t} eOlbP slt /dfOnf] x'GYof], xls .Æ Zofdsf] cfFvfdf cfF;' el/of] . lbk'nfO{ Zofdn] cfkm\gf] xft ;dfpFbf p;sf] xft ;f¥x} tftf] nfUof] . ZofdnfO{ 5f]8/] lbk' sIffsf]7fdf uof] . p;nfO{ cfh k9\g} dg ePg . p;nfO{ 56k6L nflu/Xof] . tLg ah] :s'n 5'§L x'bF f kfgL bs]/{ kl//x]sf] lyof] . Zofd 5ftf cf]9/] lbk'nfO{ aflx/ klv{/x]sf] lyof] . lbk' la:tf/} Zofdsf] glhs} cfof] . b'a} hgf 5ftf cf]9/] 3/lt/ nfu] . 7"nf] kfgL k/]sf] x'bF f 3/;Dd k'Ubf pgLx¿ b'ah } gf lgy|S' s leh] . æltdLx¿nfO{ lsg leh]/ cfpg'k¥of] < Psl5g st} cf]t nfUg ;s]gf} < of] Zofd s]xL sfdsf] 5}g .Æ cfdfn] ZofdnfO{ ufnL ug'e { of] / xQkQ lbk'sf] leh]sf] 6fpsf] k'l5lbg'eof] . æcf]xf] Û ltdLnfO{ t Hj/f] cfO/x]sf] /x]5 .Æ cfdfn] lbk'sf] lgwf/ 5fDb} eGg'eof] . cfdfn] lbk'nfO{ ;'lsnf] sk8f nufOlbg'eof] . Gofgf] cf]5o\ fgdf ;'tfpg'eof] . Tolt g} a]nf a'af cfOk'Ug'eof] . lbk'nfO{ xgxgtL Hj/f] cfPsf] yfxf kfP/ a'af lrlGtt x'ge ' of] . cfdfn] b'w ttfP/ Nofpg'eof] . a'afn] cf}iflw Nofpg'eof] . æof] cf}iflwn] klg Hj/f] 36]g eg] p;nfO{ 8fS6/sxfF n}hfg'k5{ .Æ eGb} cfdfa'af s'/f ul//xg'ePsf] lbk'n] ;'Gof] . afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf 43

æafa' klxn] cf}iflw vfpm . clg of] b'w vfpm .Æ cfdfn] dfof ub}{ lbk'sf] lgwf/ ;'d;'Dofpg'eof] . lbk'n] la:tf/} cfFvf vf]Nof] . p;n] cfdf;Fu Pp6f csf]{ lunf; dfUof] / b'j} lunf;df a/fa/L b'w /fVof] . a'afnfO{ rSsL cf}iflw b'O{ 6'qmf agfpg nufof] . clg Pp6f xftdf cfwf lunf; b'w / csf]{ cfwf rSsL cf}iflw lnP/ pm lx+8g\ vf]Hof] . æsxfF hfg nfu]sf] afa' <Æ lhNn kb}{ cfdfn] ;f]Wg'eof] . ædnfO{h:t} ZofdnfO{ klg Hj/f] cfPsf] 5 . t/ dnfO{h:t} p;nfO{ dfof ug]{ oxfF sf]xL 5}g . p;nfO{ / dnfO{ a/fa/L Hj/f] cfPsf] 5 . To;}n] d}n] a/fa/ u/]sf] b'w clg cf}iflw p;sf] nflu xf] .Æ lbk'n] eGof] . lbk'sf] s'/f ;'g/] cfdfa'afn] Ps csf{sf] cg'xf/ x]/fx]/ ug'e { of] . Zofd klg s;}sf] 5f]/f xf] eGg] s'/f cfdfa'afn] dx;'; ug'e { of] . To;kl5 cfdfn] lbk'nfO{ cËfnf] xfNg'eof] . æeof] . ltdL oxL a; d of] cf}iflw / b'w p;nfO{ lbP/ cfpF5' .Æ cfdfn] lbk'nfO{ dfof ub}{ eGg'eof] . lbk' 1fgL eP/ cfkm\gf] cf]5o\ fgdf kmls{of] . n]vs — ;f}/els/0f >]i7

efOalxgLx?;Fu 5nkmn ug]{ k|Zgx? Zofd h:t} ;fg]f s]6f jf s]6L xfd|f] 3/df klg sfd ug{ a;]sf] 5 sL < xfd|f] a'afcfdfn] pgLx?;Fu s:tf] Aoaxf/ ug'x{ G' 5 < xfd|f] ;fyLx?n] pgLx?;Fu s:tf] Aoaxf/ u5{g\ < s] p klg :s'n hfG5 t < xfdLn] klg lbk'n] h:t} p;sf] nflu s] s] ug{ ;S5f}+ t <

44 afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

d afn>d zf]if0fsf] lj/f]w ub{5' . 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0flj?4sf]

cfrf/;+lxtf afnaflnsfx多 xfd|f] b]zsf jt{dfg x'g\ / pgLx多sf] ef]ufOn] eljio lgwf{/0f ub{5 eGg] dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ afn>dsf] cGTosf nflu d lgDg pNn]lvt k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5' .

afn>d zf]if0flj?4sf] cleofgdf xft]dfnf] u/f}+ . x:tfIf/M

gfdM

ldltM afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf 45

!= 3/]n' afn>dsf] k|of]u gug]{ s= cab]lv !$ aif{eGbf sd pd]/sf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ 3/]n' afn>ldssf] ¿kdf k|of]u gug]{ . v= ;Fw} 7"nf JolQmx¿nfO{ g} plrt >d ;Ddfgsf ;fy 3/]n' >ddf ;xefuL x'g k|fT] ;flxt ug]{ . u= >d P]g @)$*, afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g @)$*, afnaflnsf;DaGwL lgodfjnL @)%@ / afn>d lgif]w / lgoldt ug]{ P]g @)%^ n] tf]ss ] f] Go"gtd >ddf k|jz ] ug]{ pd]/nfO{ ;b}j dfGg] .

@= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g ug]{ s= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ glhssf] j8f sfof{nodf ;"rLs[t tyf btf{ ug]{ . v= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ cgf}krfl/s, cf}krfl/s jf Joj;flos lzIffdf ;xefuL u/fpg] . u= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ ;do—;dodf cfjZostf cg';f/ :jf:Yo pkrf/sf ;'ljwfx¿ k|bfg ug]{ . 3= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] :j:ys/ a;fOsf nflu pko'Qm Joj:yf ug]{ . ª= 3/]n' afn>lds / 3/sf cGo afnaflnsfx¿aLr e]befj gug]{ . r= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ Ps aif{df sDtLdf klg Ps k6s kl/jf/;Fu e]6 ug{ k7fpg] tyf kl/jf/;Fu lgoldt ;Dks{ / e]63f6sf] ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ . 5= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿dfly s'6lk6, ufnL a]OHhtL, tyf cGo bJo{jxf/x¿ gug]{ . h= 3/]na' fn>ldsx¿nfO{ plrt kfl/>lds k|bfg ug]{ . dm= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ afnSnanufotsf ljleGg ;fdflhs Pj+ cltl/Qm ls|ofsnfkx¿df ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ k|bfg ug]{ . `= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ IfdtfeGbf w]/} tyf /flt ca]/;Dd sfddf gnufpg] . 6= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ Ps /f]huf/bftfeGbf klg Ps cleefjsn] ;/x dfof ddtf tyf :g]x / plrt cleefjsTj k|bfg ug]{ . 46

afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf

7= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿sf] cfTd;Ddfg / :jcl:tTjnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{ ;Ddfghgs Aoaxf/ ug]{ .

#= 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0fsf] lj/f]w ug]{ s= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿dfly x'g] zf]if0f, lx+;f tyf of}g b'Jo{jxf/ nufotsf b'Jo{jxf/x¿sf] lj/f]w ug]{ . v= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿dfly zf]if0f, lx+;f Pj+ b'Jo{jxf/x¿ ePdf glhssf] ;fdflhs ;+:yf jf k|x/L sfof{nodf hfgsf/L lbg] . u= !$ aif{eGbf sd pd]/sf] afn>d k|of]u ug{ lg?T;flxt ug]{ tyf To;/L pTkfbg ul/Psf ;fdfu|L Pj+ ;]jfx¿sf] alx:sf/ ug]{ . { fO{ ;fdflhs 3= 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0f ug]{ tyf pgLx¿dfly lx+;f b'Jo{jxf/ ug]n alx:sf/ ug]{ .

$= 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0flj?4 hgr]tgf hufpg] s= 3/]n' afn>d zf]if0flj?4 3/, 6f]n, l5d]sdf hgr]tgf hufpg] / afn>dsf] k|of]u ug{ lg?T;flxt ug]{ . v= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ lzIff, :jf:Yo, ljsf;, dgf]/~hg, plrt kfl/>lds tyf kfl/jfl/s dgf]/~hg k|bfg ug{sf] nflu 3/, 6f]n, l5d]sdf clek|l] /t ug]{ . u= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ lx+;f b'Jo{jxf/ gug{ tyf ;Ddfghgs Jojxf/x¿ ug{ k|fT] ;flxt ug]{ . 3= afn>d zf]if0f;DaGwL /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gL hfgsf/Lx¿ k|bfg ug]{ / ;r]t agfpg] . ª= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿nfO{ :yfgLo j8f sfo{fnox¿df btf{ u/fpg r]tgf tyf clek|/] 0ff k|bfg ug]{ . r= 3/]n' afn>ldsx¿ :jo+nfO{ pgLx¿sf] clwsf/ tyf pknAw ;]jf sfo{sd | x¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] / ;r]t agfpg] . afn kl/rfng lgb]{lzsf 47