ads air week 1-8 by nara park

Architectural Design Studio Air

374511 Nara Park

Contents 1.0 Case for Innovation 1.1.1. Introduction 1.1.2. Previous Studio Works 1.1.3. Favourite Architectrual Projects 1.2.1. Computer in Architecture 1.3.1. Parametric Modelling 2.0 Expression of Interest 2.1.1. Parametric Design Journey So Far.. 2.1.2. Group Project 2.1.3. Case Study 1.0 2.2.1. Case Study 2.0 2.2.2. Case Study 2.0 Grasshopper Model 2.2.3. Recreating Case Study 2.0. Project 2.3.1. Matrix 2.4. Expression of Interest Presentation 2.4.1. Inspirations 2.4.2. Presentation Model 2.4.3. Development of Grasshopper Technique 2.4.4. Process of Model Making 2.4.5. Further Development

01-12 01 02 03-06 07-08 09-12 13-40 16 17-18 19-20 21 22 23-24 25-28 31-32 33-36 37 38 39

1.0 Case of Innovation

1.1.2. Previous Studio Work

1.1.1. Introdution

Architectural Design Studio: Water - Boathouse The design was produced for Architectural Design Studio: Water. The project was intended to create a boathouse according to a method of a selected architect, Le Corbusier. I thought that the most interesting feature of the site is the surrounding natural environment, river in front and rock hill behind. I’m Nara Park. I’m from South Korea. I’m doing Bachelor of Environment. Although I have experienced using sketchup for ADS Water and Rhino for Visual Communication, I’m not very good at them.

The design mainly focus on visual experience in the site. The long corridor in the ground floor allows to see the scenery of river and an oppsite bank. The rhythmical pattern of a large window in the west facade allows visitors to enjoy seeing rock hill in the west. The ribbon window in the first floor provides panoramic view of scenery. According to ‘Architecture and Visual Culture’, I mainly regarded architecture as experience, which allows to enjoy local features

1.1.3. Favourite Architectural Projects

1.1.3. Favourite Architectural Projects interior of Kanak Great House

Structural solution of curved facade

TJIBAOU CULTURAL CENTRE | New Caledonia |RENZO PIANO I like this building because I’m recently interested in an architectural approach, which presents vernacular architecture with advanced technology. Renzo Piano was clearly inspired by local tribe, Kanak’s Great House. Simple timber-straw structure of Kanak has transformed by Piano to timber-steel structure which can be seen weaving patterns of Kanak house. The architect’s imitation of local architecture did not stay at simple employment of patterns of its structrue. He solved structural problem in windy area like the site with local architecture (Irwin, 2011). The concave shape of the building which was inspired by Kanak House helps the structure to stand up against strong sea wind. This shows that studying vernacular architecture not only teaches us asthetics of local art but it also gives us solutions to endure local environment. In addition, this building is a good example of architectural discourse ‘architecture as symbol’. This building was commissioned by French government which tries to concilate its oversea terriotory. The name Tjibauo comes from a name of leader the independence movement so the centre represents culture and independency of Noumea. To sum up, the building shows benefits of studying vernacular architecture and an

Interior of Kanak Great House: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kanak_house_hearth.jpg Structural solution of curved facade: http://www.architecture.uwaterloo.ca/faculty_projects/terri/366essaysW03/ corciega_tjibaou.pdf

Tjibaou Cultural Centre: http://www.fondazionerenzopiano.org/project/85/jean-marie-tjibaoucultural-center/images/enlarged/1997/

Lotte Buyeo Resort: http://www.designersparty.com/entry/Lotte-Resort-Buyoe-Seunghoy-Kim-Wonphil-Kang

Louvres: http://www.tripadvisor.in/LocationPhotos-g946498-d2010166-w2-Lotte_Buyeo_Resort-Buyeo_gun_ Chungcheongnam_do.html#39084191 Stone and brick wall of the palace: http://www.masterfile.com/stock-photography/image/821-05789442/stone-wallof-Gyeongbok-palace-Seoul-South-Korea Tile pattern of Baekje: http://new1.culturecontent.com/10_search/search_content. asp?SearchType0=0&query=%EB%B4%89%ED%99%A9%EB%AC%B8%EC%96%91%20 %EC%9D%BC%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8 Perspective drawing: http://www.designersparty.com/entry/Lotte-Resort-Buyoe-Seunghoy-Kim-Wonphil-Kang

Louvres in the facade

Stone and brick wall of the palace

Tile pattern of Baekje

Perspective drawing

I like this building because it gives us a new idea of manipulating traditional architecture. The resort is located in Buyeo, which was a capital city of Korean ancient country, Baekje. Its architecture has not been discovered much. Since the site is in front of Baekje’s palace, the architects tried to represent the country’s culture and architecture with the resort. However, lack of information on its architecture, they couldn’t help but create a new type of architecture. Unlike other Korean traditional buildings, it has round plan, which, i think, was inspired by Baekje’s drawings. Moreover, the polychrome louvres in the facade of modern building were inspired the brick wall patterns in the palace. This building shows that using local architecture is not simply copying them but regenerating new image of its culture. In spite of its creativity, the building has some unseen problems. First of all, since the building is in front of Baekje’s palace and it has in a traditional form of architecture, it may mislead people to its architecture. As mensioned, round plan buildings have not been discovered in Korea but the building’s clear relation to the palace, people may believe that round plan building was common type of Baekje’s architecture. Moreover, while polychrome louveres create interesting patterns, they are not functionally useful. personally I don’t like architectural elements which are not functional although they are aesthetic. Nevertheless of its shortages, the building shows a good example of architecture which have people experience its culture and art.

1.1.3. Favourite Architectural Projects

Lotte Buyeo Resort | Buyeo | Seunghoi Kim and Wonphil Kang

Development in computer has influenced improvement of architectural design process. After all, architectural computing programs allow reducing time and budget to create and modifying design. Unlike a physical model, which is spent a lot of time to remake or modify, 3D parametric software allows architects to more easily modify models because all elements of a model are linked with mathematical equation. In addition, communication between participants has become easier and faster with development of computer programs. Building Information Modelling (BIM) allows participants to share their knowledge, consequently it leads the project to a better result. (Autodesk, 2011) Moreover, 3D modelling programs such as Rhino, 3D Max and Sketchup allow Architects to provide virtual image of their building so customers more easily understand how their builings will look like. At last, computer programs provide creativity with ability to draw most of curves. Limitation on drawing curve was restricted by construction difficulty, however, digital software, such as CAD, helps architects and practitionst to create formly unavailable mathematical geometry. (Glen, 2004)

Flight Assembled Architecture

http://inhabitat.com/the-worlds-first-tower-built-by-flying-robots-rises-in-france/ http://www.dhub.org/flight-assembled-architecture/

1.2. Computing In Architecture

Benefits of Computational Design

The role of computation in architecture has expanded to a variety of fields such as manufacturing and construction. Although constructional technology is in progress, it still shows possibilities that machine will replace human in a dangerous construction site such as building skyscapers. One of cutting edge computing construction method is flight assembled architecture. The technology was designed by Swiss architects Gramazio & Kohler with an engineering help of ETH Zurich. They created a group of levitating robots which carry bricks and place them in programed locations. Although the new techonology has a lot of limitations such as weight of materials, budget and time and difficulty in programing construction process, accurancy of construction will significantly increase.

1.3 Parametric Modelling

1.3 Parametric Modelling Detail of roof tiles

CNC mill and mold machine

Museum of Cultures | Basel | Herzog & de Meuron The buildng is surrounded by brick roof tile houses, which architects regarded as main character of the site. To distinguish the museum from the surrounding buildings with preserving the local character, Herzog & de Meuron chose to use iridescent ceramic roof tiles. To maximise the iridescent effect of the ceramic tiles, the architects intended to irregularly fold tiles. They use CNC mill and mold machine to achieve those folded tiles. The machine reduces time and space to produce repeatable work process. Unlike 2D laser cutting machine, CNC mill and mold allows producing volumic models with 3D modelling programs. In addition, the machine produce more accurate and less error products with computer programs. In spite of its advantages there are some drawbacks which lead to restriction to use the machine. First of all, limitation of materials is a huge problem with the machine. Moreover, the machine is costly and its maintenance is difficult and expensive. Furthermore, ventilation system is compulsory because it may produe toxic gases during the production. For the iridescent tiles, CNC mill and mold machine is the best choice to maximise the effect but there are some restrictions to use it so materials and forms should be carefully chosen to present the problems.

http://archrecord.construction.com/projects/Building_types_study/adaptive_reuse/2012/ Museum-of-Cultures-slideshow.asp?slide=14

Ceramic tiles in Museum of Cultures: http://archrecord.construction.com/projects/Building_ types_study/adaptive_reuse/2012/Museum-of-Cultures-slideshow.asp?slide=3 CNC Mill and Mold Machine: http://kcaiceramics.wordpress.com/2012/04/12/3-d-modelingand-ceramic-media/

Although panels should be combined by human hands, I like this parametric structure due to the technique, which deals with materials and patterns. The pavilion is entirely constructed in thermoplastic, which can be easily bent by heat. The plastic panels are cut by CNC laser cutting machine according to computer drawing program. This process is much faster than manual labour. In spite of reduction of time and space for production, this process has several problems. First of all, there is limitation of materials. The machine cannot cut too thick or reflective materials such as copper and aluminium. In addition, toxic gasese may be produced during production. At last, this is not environmental-friendly due to huge energy consumption.

1.3. Parametric Modelling

Plasti(k) Pavilion | St Louis | TheVeryMany

After creating a pieces of panels, these planer panels are transformed into bent ones by thermoforming machine. This machine can only bend plastic therefore there is also limitation of materials. While it can generate accurate shapes designers want, it often spends more time than other method such as injection molding. Furthemore, it is not efficient to reduce energy consumption and material. The machine consumes up to 50% more energy and 10 t0 20% more plastic. Nevertheless there are shortcomings in the process, the machines give us more possibliities to produce interesting shapes and forms. Moreover, it can reduce possible errors, generated by human forces. Although limitation in materials is a huge problem, the pavilion sucessfully solves its limitation by using best material which enhances the process.

CNC laser cutting machine

Source: http://theverymany.com/public-art/11-st-louis/

Thermoforming machine

Forming prototype

CNC laser cutting machine: http://metalworkingmachine.net/2011/02/25/cnc-laser-cuttingmachine/ Thermoforming machine, Forming prototype, : http://theverymany.com/public-art/11-st-louis/

2.0 Expression of Interest

My understanding of parametric design has widened, comparing to the beginning of this semester. Although I do not like computer generating design, parametric design through Grasshopper has attracted me a lot. I stilll do not like some of Grasshopper components such as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Voronoiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; because there are not much things to do for me to create patterns although the patterns are interesting and attractive. Except for some components, I think Grasshopper gives us more and better opportunities to create interesting forms and shapes. Controlling every elements by changing values of number slider allows us to create accidental design.

2.1. Parametric Design Journey so far...

Parametric Journey So Far...

Although now I like the concept of parametric design, there are some reasons which make me unwilllingly use the parametric design process. The main reason is that parametric design seems to too much focus on createing interesting patterns and shape rather thinking of comfortable and functional space. Personally I hope to learn the relationship between space and parametric patterns throught the rest of semeter.

2.1.2. Group Project

2.1.2 Group Project

Case Study: Structure Our group, Nara, Karl and Elliot, has decided to choose structural approach for Wyndham city gateway project. There are a number of reasons why structural approach is the most suitable for the site and the project. Firstly, structure helps to support Wyndham cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s development principle, ecologically sustainable development. Structure itself forms patterns therefore extra faĂ§ade and patterns are not necessary to produce. It consequently reduces in waste of materials. Moreover structure is relatively easy for maintenance. Secondly, due to the character of the site, the project has to mainly focus on visual effects. Structural sculpture can easily create shade effect, which can generate different atmosphere in open space like the site. These visual experiences with structural sculpture can help to create iconic image of the project.

Webb Bridge at Dockland

Lastly, our group has intended to use aboriginal drawings and tools to generate structural sculpture. There are a number of structural examples, which are inspired by aboriginal art and tools. The most familiar building in Melbourne is Webb Bridge in Dockland. The structrual bridge is clearly inspired by aboriginal fish trap. The bridge shows that simple patterns of aboriginal tools and art can generate attractive architecture by manipulating their design elements. In conclusion, structural sculpture is the best choice for the Gateway project for financial, ecological and empirical reasons.

Aboriginal fish traps: http://nga.gov.au/Exhibition/Tactility/Detail.cfm?IRN=121378 Webb Bridge at Dockland: http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Oceania/Australia/East/Victoria/ Melbourne/photo1261170.htm

Aboriginal Fish Trap

Case Study 1.0 : Webb Bridge Webb Bridge is a perfect example for our group, who is trying to create structural sculpture using aborigina art and tools. The bridge was clearly inspired by aboriginal fish trap. With the location of the bridge, it works pretty well as symbol of aboriginal culture in the Yarra River. The most difficult process of making Grasshopper model is create a random pattern of joints between structures. The joints were created by joining two points in different arches. If the points were simply produced by using ‘Divide Curve’ components, the joints look regular patterns so it does not look like the original building. To accomplish the irregular patterns of joints, we used ‘evaluate curve’ and ‘random’ components. Although the overall shape of bridge was generated with Graph Mapper component, the component is qutie difficult to produe accurate and control the shape. Therefore, we need to look up a better way to control shape of the bridge.

1. Drawing a curve

2.1.3. Case Study 1.0

2.1.3. Case Study 1.0.

Drawing a curve and reference it to Grasshopper. This curve will decide an overall plan shape of the model as a path of the bridge.

Dividing the curve with ‘perp frames’. It creates a number of planes which are perpendacular to the curve and will become base planes for ribs of the bridges. Plane numbers indicates rib number of the briges.

2. Dividing the curve With the plane, drawing a number of arcs, having different radius. The radius is controlled by Graphic mapper.

3. Drawing arcs Creating a number of points on arcs with ‘evaluate curve’. ‘Random’ applies to create points irregularly.

4. Creating points on the arcs Connecting points using ‘Line’ components. Points were produced by random so the points are not in a row therefore it creates diagonal lines.

5. Connecting points

Move and Series

Rotate arches

Case Study 2.0 : South Pond by Studio Gang Our group’s case study building is South Pond pavilion by Studio Gang. We chose this building because this pavilion shows how simple structure creates an interesting patterns and space. The building can be simply divided into two parts: timber structure and opaque surface. The structural part creates eye-catching patterns and the opaque surface part blocks sunlight so the building produces shade for users. The surface does not cover entire pavilion. Eye level of the structure is open to see through so it acts as frames to see through. The pavilion can be produced with Grasshopper by producing a row of structure and copying and pasting it in rows. The surface part can be made by rotating half of structural lines.

South Pond Pavilion: http://www.dezeen.com/2010/08/22/movie-by-spirit-of-space-south-pond-by-studio-gang/

Front Elevation

Side Elevation

Perspective 1

Perspective 2

2.2.2. Case Study 2.0 Grasshopper Model

2.2.`1. Case Study 2.0.

Grasshopper Model

Above images are what our group has produced for case study 2.0. The shape of structure is almost same as the case study pavilion although opaque surfaces on the structure are slightly different from the original building. Although the case study pavilion has fixed form of structure, our group has made the model can change the shape of structure and consequently the surface shape as well. The reason why the surface has slightly different shape form the original is we simply rotated structural lines rather than created a number of line and loft them. One of the main shortages of our model was that it takes too much time to produce. After the Week6 Tutorial, we found easier method to create the model using ‘Map to Surface’ component. Nevertheless, this case study helps us to better understand grasshopper components and to find new useful components and difficulty in some components such as ‘Offset curves’. Unlike our simple thoughts on these components, they have some limitation and conditions to use them. Understanding these shortages of the components has helped us to understand and use vector components. However, for the next stage we are gonna ignore these new knowledge of vector. Rather, we will focus on using ‘Map to Surface’ component to reduce time.

Draw an arch on XZ plane. This arch decides the size of structure.

Loft two group of curves. The distance of two groups of arches relates to the thickness of materials.

1. Draw an arch 7. Create series of structure

Draw two more arches which have the same size with the former arch.

This group of arches are shorter than strucutral arches due to the surfaces do not cover all over the structure. To select specific arches from structural arches, we have used ‘Cull’ component.

2. Draw two more arches

Extend the middle arch. The middle arch must be extended to draw basic shape of structure.

2.2.`3. Recreating Case Study Project

Process of Recreating Case Study 2.0

8. Select arches to create surfaces

Create surfaces by revolutioning above arches. Domain of revolution is 180.

3. Extend a centre arch

After creating points, using ‘Divide Curve’, join points using ‘arc’ component. These strucrual arches are half of structure.

9. Create surfaces with Revolution

4. Create points on the arches

Using ‘Move’ and ‘Series’ components, create a series of surfaces.

Mirror the structural arches to complete shape of structure 10. Create a series of surfaces 5. Mirror the curves

6. Increase Radius of base curves

Create a bigger structure arches by increasing size of basic arches. (This process can be easier if you understand ‘Offset’ component. Our group guessed the component did not work properly due to our lack of understanding of vector.)

Combine structures and surfaces.

11. Add them to structure

2.3. Matrix

Matrix With this exercise, our group wanted to know how pattrens look like in different surface. Unlike case study 2.0, we used â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Map to surfaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; component so we could reduce time to produce patterns and to apply them into surface. First pattern was simply employed from the case study building. The follows two patterns are simple modification of case study but in relation to density of patterns, these patterns look total different from the case study pattern. Next five patterns are simple copies of aboriginal Possum skin patterns. Our group project goal is to enhance and re-generate aboriginal culture in the site due to historical background therefore we imitated a number of aboriginal patterns and applied them into some surfaces. All the aboriginal patterns we selected are interesting and eye-catching but some of patterns have structural problem. For instance, aboriginal pattern 5 in the Matrix is structurally impossible to construct. The last pattern was created by image simpler. Although unlike other patterns which we could control all the element, we cannot control the last pattern but we wanted to examine a different way to produce patterns. Our group did not choose best pattern because we have tried to make a number of small sculptures. Therefore we have priorly focused on the density change in different surface rather than choice of best pattern. We also wanted to examine shade effect of the patterns in difference surfaces but no one knows how to use rendering programs so we could not examine it.

Surfaces

Case Study Pattern

Case Study modification 1

Case Study modification 2

Aboriginal pattern 1

Aboriginal pattern 2

Aboriginal pattern 3

Aboriginal pattern 4

Aboriginal pattern 5

Leopard pattern with image sampler

2.3. Matrix

Patterns

Flat

Case study surface

Screen

Box

Distort

Expression of Interest Presentation

2.4.1. Inspirations

2.4.1. Inspirations 31

Dynamism of A Car 1910, Marinetti

Possum Skin Cloak

(Source :http://pavlopoulos.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/luigi-russolo-dynamism-of-a-car.jpg)

(Source:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Cloak_of_sewn_possum_skins_(Australian).gif)

Italian Futurism & Gateway Project

Aboriginal Art & Gateway Project

Italian futurist painters tried to visualise speed and movement. The concept of visualisation of speed and movement fits to character of Gateway Project site. The main users of the site are automobile drivers who experince the speed of 100km/h. Our group tries to visually enhance their speed experience with a number of sculptures. At this stage we have simply imitated the concept of above painting by Marinetti. We create a number of panels which at the beginning folded panels are eventually straight up. In addition, patterns of the structure eventually become less dense. This alteration shows drivers images of speed-up. The visual effect of sculpture will be different according to the speed of audiences.

Historically the Werribee River was used as a boundary of two different aboriginal tribes, Wuiwurong and Wothowurong. According to the guildline of the project, the council has wanted to construct sculptures which can represent municipal characters. Therefore our group has decided to employ patterns of possum skin paintings. These paintings show aboriginal understanding of geographical characteristics of their territory. Although we simply employed the patterns of the paintings for presentation model, we will do more research about meanings of patterns and will re-create patterns suitable for the current site situation.

Apply patterns, we made for the matrix, to panels.

Create a number of rectangles in XY Plane, using ‘Point XYZ’ and ‘Series’ components. This method allows controlling size of rectangles and distance between rectangles by changing value of number sliders. 01. Create a number of different heights of panels.

Mirror the rectangles, using top lines of them as axises. Althogh all the elements can be changeable, top rectangles are mirror images of bottom rectangles therefore creating different shapes is not available.

05. Apply patterns into the panels.

Extrude lines in panels to show the thickness of materials. The panels have been rotated so we need to know vector value of each panels. Using ‘Vector Unit’ component to generate same thickness of materials.

02. Mirror the panels, using top lines as axises.

Fold panels by moving location of middle lines (formerly top lines). ‘Move’ component is connected to ‘Series’ component, therefore we can generate different value of folding throughout panels.

2.4.2. Presentation Model

Process of Making the Presentation Model

06. Extrude surface.

03. Fold the panels by moving middle lines.

MIrror the structure using YZ plane as axis plane.

Rotate panels individually. Different value of rotation also can be achieved by using ‘Series’ component.

04. Rotate the panels

07. Mirror the structures.

2.4.2. Proposalt

2.4.2. Proposal

TOP VIEW OF THE SCULPTURES

PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE SCULPTURES

Proposal Our proposal for the Gateway project is to create image of speed, using indigenous patterns. To visualise speed and movement, we employed the concept of Marinettiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Dynanism of A Car. A series of images which start from folded forms to unfolded form visualise change of speed. With the speed of users in their cars, the visual effect of speed will be enhanced. Structure of the sculpture imitated patterns of possum skin cloak of aboriginal tribe Wathawurong who used to live in Werribee region. We tried to express the history of the site with the aboriginal patterns and to regenerate destroyed culture since European arrival. Aboriginâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s simple drawing patterns help us to produce structural system of the sculpture.

2.4.4. Process of Model Making

2.4.3. Development of Grasshopper Technique Case Strudy 2.0

Matrix and Presentation model

Development of Grasshopper Technique Throughout the first half of the semester, our group has been struggling to choose between time reduction and accuracy of model. When we made the South Pond Pavilion, we produced the model by createing individual structures. This process benefits to create accurate model and to control all the elements of the model while it took a lot of time to produce the model. After week5, we found easier way to produce the model by using ‘Map to Surface’ component. This component reduced enormous time for making the model. However, the component is not perfect. Sometimes the component does not work with certain surfacs which we have not figured out why it does not work with. Moreover, it is difficult to produce a precise model. We were oftern unavialable to presume what shape will be produced with the component. In spite of some disadvantages of the component we have generated our model with the component because it is convenient and gives us more alternative forms of structure. Nevertheless ‘Map to Surface’ component is convenient and reduces time to produce digital model, we still need to study the component to produce accurate model.

Process of Model Making Unfornately, our group did not record our process of model making. We divided our model into two parts; structrues(patterns) and spines(supporting the structures) At the start of the design process, we intended to produce self-supporting sculptures, however, our model was too week to support themselves so we added spines to stablise the structures. After making digital model using Grasshopper, we simply projected patterns of structures into XY plane while spines were placed on the the plane through rotation. These two different process made a problem when we assembled structrues and spines. Since the structures are tilted if we projects the structures onto XY plane the size of structures becomes shortened. We solved the length difference problem by cutting out part of spines. We used box board for our model. The material is relatively cheap and strong enough to support themselves but during laser cut the material was burnt and produced soots on the surfaces. Moreover it was difficult dissemble our patterns from the board. We learned importance of materials through the experience.

Further Development After EOI presentation, our group have found a number of shortages of our interim design. First of all, understanding advantages and disadvantages of 2D laser cut machine is essential for the final model. We were pointed out several shortages of our interim design during the presentation such as structrual simplity of our design. Some of shortages were due to our misunderstanding of laser cut machine capability. We could not find solutions to create more complex structure with the machine. For the final model we need to know whether the machine can produce our design or not. In addition, we need to find other ways to enhance our physical model. During early stage of journal I studied theromoforming machine. The machine can help us to extend our idea and to produce more advanced structural sculpture.

References

2.4.5. Further Development

Reflection

Irwin, S, 2011, Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre Noumea, New Caledonia, viewed 15 August 2012,< www.architecture.uwaterloo.ca/faculty.../irwin_Tjibaou. pdf> Autodesk, 2011, Realizing the Benefits of BIM, viewed 21 August 2012, <images. autodesk.com/adsk/files/2011_realizing_bim_final.pdf> Glen, L, 2004, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Introductionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; in Folding in Architecture, viewed 21 August 2012, <http://arch629eldridge.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/read-to-p23wk14-lynn-etal-folding-in-architecture.pdf>

Secondly, we need to derive from simple imitation of our inspiration. Our interim model too resembles the concept of the Italian futurist painting. To improve our design and to produce idea which can be approved by the customers, we have to generate our own idea of visualising speed and movement. On 18th of September, our group visited the project site and we found topographical character of the site. The site is not simple flat land but it has a small hill which block to see other side of the freeway. Our corrent idea does not fit into the site because we thought the site is flat so all the cars which head for both direction can see the sculptures. We should, therefore, think of design which can generate image of speed and suit the site. Lastly, we may need to simplify our idea. Main users, drivers, can pass the site within 30 seconds. They do not have much time to think of the meaning of the sculptures. Rather, they will only react to visual impact of the sculpture. Therefore our group needs to think of how to visually attract the drivers. The visual effect needs to corresponse to the development of advanced structure of the sculptures. Simple structure may be easy to produce and maintain but it has more possibilities become boring for users. More complex structure can attract audiences as well as express advanced technology as a symbom of Werribee. To sum up, our group design still needs more improvements and modifications for better design. Extra researches and more creative thoughts are necessary to complete our final model.