Style Book
The History of Graphic Design
Daltyn Moeckel
Table of Contents In Alphabetical Order by Lesson
Lesson One
Hieratic Scale..............................................................1 Ideograph.....................................................................2 Petroglyph....................................................................3 Pictograph....................................................................4
Trademark....................................................................5 Lesson Two Egyptian........................................................................6 Rebus.............................................................................7 Lesson Three Corinthian....................................................................8
Doric..............................................................................9 Greek (Archaic)........................................................10 Greek (Classical)......................................................11 Greek (Geometric).................................................12 Greek (Hellenistic)..................................................13
Greek (Orientalizing)..........................................14 High Relief...............................................................15 Ionic...........................................................................16
Low Relief...............................................................17 Register....................................................................18 Lesson Four Ampersand...............................................................19 Borders......................................................................20 Carpet Pages...........................................................21 Diminuendo.............................................................22
Drop Cap..................................................................23 Illuminated Manuscript.......................................24 Initial Cap.................................................................25
Interlaces..................................................................26 Lacertines.................................................................27 Ligature.....................................................................28 Textura......................................................................29 Lesson Five Arabesque...............................................................30
Calligraphy...............................................................31 Chop...........................................................................32 Islamic........................................................................33 Movable Type.........................................................34 Logogram.................................................................35 Lesson Six African........................................................................36 Mesoamerican........................................................37 Lesson Seven Romanesque............................................................38 Rune Stone...............................................................39 Tympanum...............................................................40 Lesson Eight
Flying Buttress.........................................................41 Gothic.........................................................................42 Pointed Arch............................................................43 Ribbed Vault............................................................44
Rose Window..........................................................45 Stained Glass...........................................................46
Lesson Nine Broadsheet..............................................................47
Broadside.................................................................48 Fleurons....................................................................49 Intaglio......................................................................50 Italic............................................................................51 Printer's Marks.......................................................52 Roman.......................................................................53 Woodcut...................................................................54 Lesson Ten Foreshortening......................................................55 Perspective.............................................................56
Renaissance............................................................57 Symbolism...............................................................58 Lesson Eleven
Baroque.....................................................................59 Chiaroscuro.............................................................60 Flourishes..................................................................61 Information Graphics...........................................62 Rococo.......................................................................63 Tenebrism.................................................................64
Hieratic Scale This scale is used
to show importance. The largest image is the most important and the smallest image is least important.
1
Ideograph Ideographs are symbols or pictures that represent an idea or thought.
2
Petroglyph
Petroglyphs are simple figures carved or scratched into rock. They are forms of prehistoric communication.
3
Pictograph Pictographs are sketches that represent the item depicted. For example, a horse would represent a horse. The Chinese language is made up of over 50,000 pictograms.
4
Trademark A distinctive mark or feature, used by merchants, to distinguish his or her goods from other
merchant's goods.
5
Egyptian
Egyptians believed in
an afterlife where their soul, or Ka, went on to enjoy the pleasures of
life. The art of Egyptians usually reflected these
ideas and were typically centered around the idea of afterlife.
6
Rebus
A Rebus is a picture used to describe or show a sound.
7
Corinthian
Corinthian is one of three
architectural orders created by the Greeks. Its physical
features include a rounded
base and capital decorated with Acanthus leaves.
8
Doric Doric is one of three architectural orders
created by the Greeks. Its physical features include no base and a round capital.
9
Greek (Archaic)600-480 BCE During the Archaic
period, the style of
Greek statues greatly changed. Kouros,
freestanding nude male sculptures, became
popular. Along with other statue features, such as lips that slightly curved
up (which was known as the “Archaic Smile�).
10
Greek (Classical)480-320 BCE During the Classical
period, artists began to move away from
previously set ideal proportions. Some
changes included facial expression and the
addition of extreme curve to the body.
11
Greek (Geometric)1100-700 BCE During the Geometric period, funerary vases were covered with
geometric designs and alternating bands of figures. Small bronze
figures were used as offerings to the gods and placed in temples.
12
Greek (Hellenistic)320-30 BCE During the Hellenistic period, sculptures generally displayed a lot of drama and emotion. The interest in human emotions,
first seen in the Classical period, was taken to extremes in the Hellenistic style. Emotions of pain, stress, anger, fear and despair were often a focus.
13
Greek (Orientalizing)700-600 BCE The Orientalizing period
was influenced by Egyptian and Near Eastern art. The
striding forward stance of
Kouros, freestanding nude male sculptures, was adopted during the
Orientalizing period from the Egyptians.
14
High Relief High relief was used to depict elements that were closer. The figures almost have a
3-D appearance.
15
Ionic Ionic is one of three architectural orders created by the Greeks. Its physical features include a rounded base and a scroll-like capital.
16
Low Relief
Low relief was used to depict
elements as if they were further away.
17
Register
Registers are used to visually divide a story .
18
Ampersand An Ampersand is a symbol that represents the word “and.� It is
derived from the Latin word "et" which means and. The name comes from the term "And per say and".
19
Borders The addition of borders to books and
Illuminated
Manuscripts
came about in the early 5th
century CE.
Borders added a new element
of design to art.
20
Carpet Pages Carpet Pages were full page
decorative designs with no white
space. They often had no writing and mimicked oriental carpets.
21
Diminuendo
Diminuendo is a decreasing scale of text.
22
Drop Cap Drop caps occur when a large, capital letter is dropped inline with the text.
23
Illuminated Manuscript The term illuminated means highly
decorated. The term manuscript means
handwritten. Illuminated manuscript is a term used to describe all
decorated, handwritten books until the
invention of the printed book in 1450.
24
Initial Cap
Initial caps occur when a large capital letter is used with text.
25
Interlaces Interlaces are woven designs seen most in Celtic work.
26
Lacertines
Lacertines are interlaces created with animals. The animals are
often somewhat mythical in nature.
27
Ligature
Ligatures are single typographic characters. They are combinations of two or more characters. Several examples are listed below.
28
Textura Textura is
characterized by strong verticals
capped with pointed serifs. Though we find it difficult
to read today, it was very popular during the
Gothic Era.
29
Arabesque
Arabesque is a style of fancy decoration usually found in Islamic Manuscripts.
30
Calligraphy
Chinese Calligraphy is a writing system that is based off of pictograms.
31
Chop
Chinese seals were known as Chops. The red
ink of the seal was made from cinnabar. Chops were used to record the owners of paintings.
32
Islamic The Islamic society
believed in the principle of Aniconism, which is
the religious opposition to representations of
living creatures. Therefore, Islamic art usually lacked humans and figurative representation.
33
Movable Type In movable type, each letter was printed on a separate piece of metal.
34
Logogram A Logogram is a graphic character or sign that represents a whole word.
35
African
There are four periods of African Rock Art.
1) Roundhead period – Named for the rounded
headed Martian like figures.
2) Bovidian Period -
Shows the importance of cows at this time.
3) Horse period –
Shows the introduction
of horses to the Sahara.
4) Camel period –
Marks the change to a more arid climate.
36
Mesoamerican Mesoamerican civilizations included:
1) Ritual ball games that often
involved human sacrifice.
2) Similarities in monumental and ceremonial buildings.
3) Complex system of calendars.
37
Romanesque The term Romanesque means "in the Roman manner." It refers to the 11th and 12th centuries in European Architecture and Art.
Romanesque describes European churches which had rounded arches and vaulted ceilings.
38
Rune Stone
Royal Runic Stones are large memorial stones. They are usually either picture stones or rune stones. Rune stones are typically covered with inscriptions.
39
Tympanum
The Last Judgment Tympanum of the Cathedral of St. Lazare shows Christ judging the naked cowering souls at his feet.
40
Flying Buttress Flying Buttress is one of three
elements that were developed in
the Romanesque era. It is defined as an arched, exterior support.
41
Gothic
The Gothic style came about in France around the middle of the twelfth century. Three elements
included in the Gothic era are pointed arches, flying buttresses and ribbed reinforcements.
42
Pointed Arch
The pointed arch is one of three key elements included in the Gothic era. However, pointed arches were structurally stronger than rounded arches.
43
Ribbed Vault
A Ribbed Vault is described as Molded Stone Ribs covering the seams of a groin vault.
44
Rose Window
A Rose Window is a circular window of stained glass.
45
Stained Glass
Stained glass is one of three key elements included in the Gothic era. Stained glass was commonly used to present Christian history in cathedrals.
46
Broadsheet
Broadsheets are single leaf pages that are printed on both sides.
47
Broadside Broadsides are single leaf pages that are printed on one side.
48
Fleurons Fleurons are also known as Printer's Flowers. They are graphic elements that are cast like type and can be used on the printing press. Several examples are shown below.
49
Intaglio
Intaglio is the process of cutting a design into the surface of a woodblock.
50
Italic
Italics were meant to mimic handwriting. They were invented in 1501 by Francesco Griffo.
Originally, italics were used as a typeface all
their own, instead of being used as a supporting type. A few examples are shown below.
51
Printer's Marks
Printer's marks are the logos used by printers for book identification.
52
Roman
In ancient times, Roman typefaces were based on roman letters.
53
Woodcut
A woodcut is a relief print made from a
woodblock. A relief-printing surface was
made of wood. The negative spaces were
carved away from the block. The area that was left was inked and printed.
54
Foreshortening
Foreshortening is an illusion created on a
flat surface. In this illusion, figures appear to recede into space.
55
Perspective
Perspective is the illusion of a three dimensional object on a two dimensional surface. This is done from a single viewpoint.
56
Renaissance
Renaissance artists wanted to portray the world. They focused on realism in their artwork.
57
Symbolism Symbolism represents an idea through an
object or figure. During this time period, the majority of symbolism revolved around men and woman's roles.
58
Baroque
Baroque is a style in art and architecture
developed in Europe from the early 17th to mid-18th century. This style was emphasized with bold, curving forms.
59
Chiaroscuro Chiaroscuro is the representation of light and shade in a piece of art.
60
Flourishes A Flourish is a distinctive signature used in art. Several examples are shown below.
61
Information Graphics An Information Graphic is a visual representation of information.
62
Rococo
Rococo is also referred to as "Late Baroque.� It is an 18th-century artistic movement and
style. Rococo not only affected paintings and sculptures, it also affected architecture.
63
Tenebrism Tenebrism is a painting style, most often associated with the artist Caravaggio.
64