Architecture Portfolio - Xiaofan Yin by Xiaofan Yin

IAOFAN XIAOFANXIAOFAN XIAOFANXIAOFANXIAOFAN XIAOFAN XIA YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN

ORTFOLIO PORTFOLIOPORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO POR

IAOFAN XIAOFANXIAOFAN XIAOFANXIAOFANXIAOFAN XIAOFAN XIA YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN

ORTFOLIO PORTFOLIOPORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO POR

IAOFAN XIAOFANXIAOFAN XIAOFANXIAOFANXIAOFAN XIAOFAN XIA YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN

ORTFOLIO PORTFOLIOPORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO POR

XIAOFAN YIN

PORTFOLIO

IAOFAN XIAOFANXIAOFAN XIAOFANXIAOFANXIAOFAN XIAOFAN XIA YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN

ORTFOLIO PORTFOLIOPORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO POR

IAOFAN XIAOFANXIAOFAN XIAOFANXIAOFANXIAOFAN XIAOFAN XIA YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN

ORTFOLIO PORTFOLIOPORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO POR

IAOFAN XIAOFANXIAOFAN XIAOFANXIAOFANXIAOFAN XIAOFAN XIA YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN YIN

ORTFOLIO PORTFOLIOPORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO POR

Xiaofan Yin 1-(310)-729-0826 xiaofan.yin@ucla.edu

Contents Cluster, differentiation and subdivision Facade, technology and expression

.......................

04-05

....................... 12-21

Arch, direction and variation

........................ 22-29

Vault, transition and reaction

....................... 30-37

Material, autonomy and tectonics

....................... 38-43

Light, reflection and restriction

....................... 44-45

Cluster, Differentiation and Subdivision 413 design studio Fall 2016 Location: UCLA Date: Sept 4th, 2016 - Dec 6th, 2016 Instructor: Karel Klein Individual work

[Introduction] The aim of the fall studio is to look at building cluster and community, what make the aggregation work and what is the criteria of it. Further, as image culture is often introduced to interpreted human community, the question is the relationship with such image production with architecture design and whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the legitimacy of it. Start from a precedent analysis of the interlace in Singapore, designed by OMA, the focus is on the reorganization of circulation and programs, and its implication on form and unit generation. In the individual work, mount Wilson observatory was selected as the site. Focus on the three main groups of residents with conflict in schedule and routine, the project proposal a layering cluster to subdivide different category and produce variation responding to different program needs. [Concept] Start from the analysis of the interlace in Singapore, reorganization circulation and rearrangement of programs in respond to the high-density situation in the city set the tone of the studio. In the precedent, the polarization of vertical and horizontal circulation provide portals for public and private programs to attach on. Not only determining the organization concept and form, the notation of subdivision lead to the variation in final units generation. In the cluster design, similar method is operated in respond to the differentiation of events of three groups: the researchers, the ground crews, and the visitors. Laminated volume is designed to negotiate between programs. Making use of the typography of the site, the arrangement of the building cluster take into consideration of different groupsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; activities relationship with circulation. The result is a multi-layer cluster featured in creating various scenarios for corresponding residents without losing the quality and potential of the community.

Precedent Study Being one of the most dense cities in the world, Singaporeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s housing is featured by its high-density towers. Designed by OMA, the interlace in Singapore become the most iconic vertical community in the world. Instead of the stacking model maximizing housing units, the interlace offers an alternative method in organization of housing. Original Plan

Adopting a hexagonal plan, the concept of the interlace is to use an intricate stacking pattern to maintain a relatively high-density community with more options for public spaces. The overall massing take into account of the environmental analysis, resulting in a shape providing better shading effect and ventilation. In analysis of the plan, the project is featured by its open green space on every roof. The idea is to limit the circulation within building element to only vertical circulation, maximizing the living space. Horizontal circulation is arranged on the surface. The separation of circulation create variation in plan to happen. The differentiation in unit relationship with the core drive the plan into a series of types, satisfying dissimilar needs.

VEGETATION

Variation I : Twisting Core

VEGETATION

PRIVATE GARDEN

PUBLIC GARDEN

PRIVATE GARDEN

A/C LEDGE

PLANTER

BALCONY

BALCONY LIVING

KICHEN

A/C LEDGE

BALCONY BEDROOM 2

MATER BEDTOOM

KICHEN

BEDROOM 3

BEDROOM 3 BEDROOM 2

YARD

MATER BEDTOOM

BEDROOM 2

BALCONY LIVING

KICHEN KICHEN

BEDROOM 2

YARD

DINING

DINING ST

DINING

UTL

BATH

DINING

UTL

WC LIVING PRD RM.

MATER BEDTOOM

ST BATH

UTL BATH

BEDROOM 2

YARD

BEDROOM 3

A/C LEDGE

BATH

LIVING

BEDROOM 4

KICHEN

DINING

MATER BEDTOOM

BEDROOM 4

LIVING

ST BATH

LIVING

BALCONY

VEGETATION

BATH

DINING

KICHEN

YARD

PRD RM.

MATER BEDTOOM

UTL BEDROOM 3

BEDROOM 2

BATH

A/C LEDGE BALCONY

BALCONY

PLANTER

PUBLIC GARDEN

VEGETATION

Typical Floor Plan Variation II : Additional Yard

Variation III : Further Private Space

Site Plan

The hexagonal stacking model create three hierarchies in open spaces in term of privacy. Public area occupy all the surface of the massing. These subdivision allow different unit types to happen and offer various routines for residents.

Floor Layout

Surface Diagram In analyzing the circulation, it is clear that the organization of interlace is unique. By limiting the circulation and putting only vertical circulation within volume, the project maximize the space for living units. In exchange, horizontal circulation is integrated with green garden on the surface. These features contribute to the vertical village offering great experience.

Duplication & Stacking

Circulation Diagram Centralize Circulation

Surface Explosion

City Urbanism

Project Development The site is Mount Wilson Observatory. Being a scientific spot away from LA city, the observatory becomes a great place both for researchers and visitors. Think of designing for residents with complete different schedules and lifestyles. Having basically three types of residents within the housing project: the researchers, the ground crews, and visitors. Daily routine diagram is analyzed to measure the discrepancy among three groups. Circulation among three categories as well as within one category is taken main focus. Learning from the precedent, a method of reorganizing programs into layers is employed to minimize the negative influences each group may casts on the others. Utilizing the altitude difference in the site, a series of building volume vertical to the main road is designed. With the descending of the road, its relationship with the building is different, allowing the variation of scenarios of different groups of residents. Area enclosed by the building cluster become ambiguous open space for intricate activities to happen. A series of moments are generated, revealing in plan and section, to emphasize the conflicting needs of resident, and the opportunities and potentials of them live as a community. Figure-ground Site Plan

Schedule Diagram 0

OBERSERVATION

CONFERENCE

EDUCATION

RESEARCH LIBRARY HOUSING EXHIBITION EATING SIGHTSEEING ENTERTAINMENT

Site Plan

2nd Floor Plan B1 Floor Plan

Ground Floor Plan B2 Floor Plan

Public Garden Private House Circulation & Parking

Ground Crew Wing Section

Public Research Room & Library Circulation & Public Space Private Housing

Researcher Wing Section

Public Square & Circulation Public Living Space and Community Private Housing

Visitor Wing Section

Image Culture One essential goal during this studio is to build a comprehensive understanding of the image culture, its relationship with the architecture and itself, and how it can work as an architecture generator as well as an architectural illustration. Image, with a notational feature, works as a diagram in interpreting architecture. A graphic narrative can serve as a instruction for the project, and further transform in respond and offer alternatives toward the architecture.

Atmospherical Image

Structural Break Down Diagram Structure Breakdown Diagram

Model Image

Elevation

Facade, technology and expression 401 tech core studio spring 2016 Location: UCLA Date: Jan 4th, 2016 - Mar 18th, 2016 Instructor: Katy Barkan Collaboration work Group: Shundi Zhan, Wen Wang, Xiaofan Yin Duty: Concept development, model making, diagram, photography

[Introduction] The aim of the spring studio is to under architecture in a technical way. As always, architecture is strongly connected with technology, influencing its performance reacted to the reality. Systems, methods, material, construction contribute to the beauty of architecture physically, expressing the emotion of the architects. Yet, too often technology is neglected, becoming second to so-called “architecture concept” or simply turning into an advertisement for the building. In the studio, we discover the technology behind precedents, finding links and hints for design. [Concept] By analyzing the precedent --- the Millowners’ Association Building, our concept is to develop the features of the building, the huge monolithic Brises-Soleil facade, into a new skin based on the technical facts and requirements. The Brises-Soleil on the precedent is highly uniformed, expressing the memorial sensation as Le Corbusier’s design. But the function is not well established. And as the interior vary, the monolithic facade become excessive. The concept of development of the facade become a cut and paste process, taking useless pieces and put back to place needed. The result is an unpredicted facade with various performance on the surface. The result may vary due to different plan, strict to certain rules. This test exam the concept of free elevation, as nowadays facade is not as “free” as the plan.

Precedent Study Located in Ahmedabad, India, the Millownersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Assiociation Building is an important work for Le Corbusier. Marked with its memorable Brises-Soleil and the domino system, it become an important work in the change of his design style. It become the direct reference to his later work -- the carpenter center.

Making good use of the surrounding, Corb designed the Brises-Soleil to address the issue created by the warm environment. It also help to limit the view from the street side and frame the view of the river. Together with the memorial ramp, the facade become a remarkable element of the building.

Using the Corbâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s famous domino system, corb opened up the interior with inner wall to form dynamic spaces. Unlike the uniform exterior, the interior is simple and yet various. The whole building perform like a monolithic parking lots with pavilions plugged in. Vegetation is one other important element in the building.

cooling pool roof access roof canopy

main entrance

sabarmati river

balcony

site entrance

Concept Development We understand the plan as an important portal to the design process, as it is highly dynamic compared to the monolithic facade. The interior can be divided into open space, semi-open space and closed space with the help of the inner wall and the facades. We analyzed different types of spaces and use a serious of data to provide information for the later retrofit of the facade.

Facade type From the construction sequence we understand the relationship between the facade and the structure. Though some facades content certain responsibility of structure, the building facades become plugged-in kit, with each contributing differently. We classified three kinds of facades, the perpendicular Brises-Soleil, the angled Brises-Soleil and the multi-layered masonry wall. We focused on the technical facts of these facade and make it the fundamental principle for the later retrofit.

21’

6.5’

concrete textile / square

2.5’

concrete textile / none

15’

12.5’

2.5’

15’

12.5’

60’

2.5’

concrete textile / stacking

FACADE / TYPE 2 / brises-soleil / Straight Concrete OPEN

6.5’

concrete textile / square

21’

27.5’

concrete textile / parallel

2.5’

concrete textile / none

15’

12.5’

2.5’

12.5’

17.5’

60’

2.5’

concrete textile / stacking

FACADE / TYPE 1 / brises-soleil / Angled Concrete

6.5’

SEMI-OPEN

21’

angled concrete facade/ brises-soleil

15’

2.5’

12.5’

60’

2.5’

concrete beam / stacking

2.5’

FACADE / TYPE 3 / Masonry-Concrete Wall

15’

12.5’

bricks / double layer

Technical study To further understand the facade, especially the Brises-Soleil, we pick four elements from the Brises-Soleil, the gap, the depth of Brises-Soleil, the span and the angle of Brises-Soleil to analyze the differences and functions.

1. Gap

Brises-Soleil As Sun Blockers

2. Depth of 1. Gap Brises-Soleil

2. Depth of Brises-soleil

3. Span3.

Span

4. 4. Angle Angle of Brises-Soleil

of Brises-soleil 1

4 4 a

Technical detail As present below, the different in four elements not only create different condition for the interior, but also change the construction methods, material selection and so on.

2.5’ 1.5’

1’

’

2.25

1.5’ 7.5’

7’

14’

deg

9’

ree

’

2.25 5’

’

7.25

Retrofit: Cut & Paste The retrofit of the facade is a critical understanding of the existing facade. We took off the unnecessary elements due to the requirement of the interior spaces and the relationship between these spaces and the facade. Then several added-on is happened, to reinforce some place. The resulted is a highly dynamic and unpredictable facade.

Ctrl +

Horizontal Members

Vertical Members

Arch, directionality and variation 412 design studio winter 2016 Location: UCLA Date: Jan 4th, 2016 - Mar 18th, 2016 Instructor: Katy Barkan Individual work

[Introduction] The aim of the winter studio is to take building structure not only as an important element and an useful design tool as well. Start from a precedent analysis of libraries, the studio focused on the comprehensive strategies of programmatic, formal and structural designs. Later on, site was given to design a community library for local sociaty in downtown LA. Form, program and structure should be taken into consideration systematically throughout the whole design process. [Concept] Start from the analysis of the Bibliotheque St. Genevieve and the Tama Art University Library, directionality of form, program and structure became the basic concept for the project. In both precedents, efforts were made to archive the unity of form, program and structure. Both using arch as their primary structural element, the Bibliotheque St. Genevie used the cast iron arch to reinforce its one way system while the Tama Library employed negative concrete arch for its multi-directional purpose. The design process considers form, program and structure and their own quality of directionality. By interrupting an existing one-directional structure system with multi-directional form, can the directionality qualities vary among the building. The result is the variety of spaces vary in directionality which give birth to the programmatic design. Directionality become both the reason, the link and the result in the project.

Precedent Study The precedent Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve studied is the Bibliotheque St. Genevieve, France. Design by Henri Labrouste, the library is one of the first architecture using cast iron as building material. Iron arches were build to created the large open reading room becoming its main feature. Located by the Pantheon, the building was built as a rectangle form respecting the Pantheon. Directionality is the principle that occupies every aspect of the building. The buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s form, structure and program can be described as a one-way system. The various materials Labrouste used were combined and lined up in an order of direction.

Iron arch

Bracing

Column

Masonry Wall

Building Form

Structure System

One- directional system

Program Arrangement

Structure Assembly Axon

Concept Development Viewing form, structure and program as individual aspects of the building, the principle of directionality becomes the tool to unite these three. Firstly, the building form was bent in order to break the one-way system of the precedent. The structure system used to satisfy the former building was interrupted, therefore creating a variation in structure system. The result was the multiply usage of arches to handle the corners and the wings. When combining the two system, spatial variation took place in different zones, allowing programs with certain quality of directionality to come in. This programmatic design can be done in any order, having two given aspects to produce the third and form the project.

Design Methodology

Blended Form

Structure System

Program Arrangement

Structure Assembly Axon

Reflection: Structure revealing architecture Through out the design, the structure member become the directional tool for the programmatic design. The sequence of structure can be viewed in each direction of the building though the elevation. Rigid facade indicates the one-directional facade while the curved facade suggests a radial arch grid with complex directionality. The reflection in building skeleton to envelop reveal essence of the design methodology. The envelop present in only the essence of the structure, simply representing the directionality of building form, while the structure systemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s complexity cooperate the form to create various spaces for programs.

Building Plan - 1st floor, 2nd floor and Mezzanine

View: programmatic design The goal for the design focusing on the directionality variation of the form, structure and program is to generate different spatial qualities for different programs. This programmatic design can be seen on the section drawing and the view. In the view, spatial difference can be easily observed and the direction of the space is clear. Radius space view - main reading room

Linear space view - children reading room

Radius space model detail - main reading room

Linear space model detail - children reading room

Spatial variation

Arch sequence experience

Vault, transition and reaction 412 design studio fall 2015 Location: UCLA Date: Sept 24th, 2015 - Dec 14th, 2015 Instructor: Narineh Mirzaeian Individual work

[Introduction] The aim of the winter studio is an introduction to architecture design. As a basic feature of architecture, formal design became the topic for this studio. Start from precedent studies of cathedrals, weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve been asked to look into the vaults specifically, analyzing the formal features of them. Then, a small site was given in UCLA for us to design a 100 ft2 shed following the formal principal we discovered in the precedent study. Overall form, relationship between forms of elements with the design and the relationship between form and surrounding are the keys in this comprehensive formal design studio. [Concept] Start from the precedent study of the Caen, Eglise Saint-Etienne, different vaults types were extracted to be analyzed. From the comparison of vaults, certain transition can be found, following the transition of the areas. Vaults become more condensed and reshaped as they are closer to the apse. The transition of vaults can be considered as a reaction of the transition of the spatial changes. The transition in the projects is considered as two : the transition of plan, and the transition of the parts responding to the former transition. The shed design follow the process. Three basic roof types were classified from the normal shed design. After the plan was formed, mainly a one-directional plan with three control planes, three shed types were placed into these control planes and transition among these sheds became the reaction and filled the gap between them. Transition, in the project, become the reason for the reaction of itself.

Precedent Study The precedent Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve studied is the Caen, Eglise Saint-Etienne, France. The development of the cathedral derived from the design of the transept where basic size of the bay was decided. The nave basically follows the bay of the transept with a few adjustments. The choir, as the part connected to the most important apse, vault here becomes the intense version of the vault in the nave. In the apse, vault types become even more intense, not only shrink in size but also change its form to fit the semi-circular interior. Four vault types is classified and the transformation can be viewed as a transition of one type.

Transept Development

The transition in vault types can find its clue in the cathedral design. From the gate of the cathedral to the apse of it, the programmatic design become more and more intense, creating the idea of heaven, transiting the program of people to the program of god. The transition of vault types follow the transition of program, reflecting the larger picture with its own features. Nave Development Vault I

Vault types classification and transition illustration

Choir Development Vault II

Apse Development Vault III and IV

Cathedral development indicating vault transformation

Formal development Choosing the normal gabion roof as the basic type, transformation is applied it to form the other two basic types: the reverse-gabion roof and the semi-gabion roof. These three types of the roof become the basic design elements for the project. The form of the plan is a combination of two rectangles. The corner created by the set of rectangles make up the transition problem for the parts which is the roof types. Three basic roof types is placed at control planes framing the start and the end of the transition. Transition of the roof types takes place, following the direction of the plan. The changes in roof, then, influence the final form of the project.

Basic Roof Development

Form Development

Elevation and Section Each elevation illustrate one basic roof type while indicate the others by the changes in the roof line. The frames project themselves on the elevation, strengthening the sequence. While the elevation is made to cover the detail of the transition on purpose, the section reveal the changes in frame and give a clear image of the transition in space. This follow the principle of the cathedral design, indicating the interior from the exterior but only revealing the details inside.

South elevation

Section A-A

West elevation

Section B-B

Structure Breakdown and Detail Analysis The axon structure breakdown show all the sequence of the frame structure. The transition of the frame can be clearly illustrated by these frame as each frame can be viewed as a section cut, revealing certain spatial experience.

Structure Axon

Frame Sequence

South transition detail

West transition detail

South entrance detail

West entrance detail

Material, autonomy and tectonics DADA digital workshop : autonomous tectonics Location: Tongji University Date: Jul 4th, 2015 - Jul 18th, 2015 Instructor: Matias del Campo & Sandra Manninger Collaboration work Group: Jin Chunxu, Li Jingsi, Liuxinwen, Ye Xincheng, Wu Jiangsuan, Xu Yifan, Rao Jian, Yin xiaofan, Duan zhengli Duty: Form seeking, Robot operation, Photo editing, Video editing

[Introduction] This project presents the products of a workshop completed at the College of Architecture and Urban Planning at Tomgji University, Shanghai, China. The project is a continuation of Autonomous Tectonics, a series of experiments contributing to research conducted at the University of Michigan and at RPI. [Concept] The main trajectory of research in this project is to describe and specify the qualities inherent in alternative methods of construction which combine the use of robotic arms with fused deposition modeling as a technique to construct double curved surfaces without a mold. The conversation strives to discuss the inherent aspects in a novel robotic construction method which does not rely of the process oscillate between pastose gesture which are part of the inherent material properties and the precise continuous toolpath generated by the robotic steup.

Methodology Material

Tools

As the goal was to produce a large-scale model in which a robot extruded thermosetting plastic, a series of initial investigation were conducted, and PP(Polypropylene) and glue was chosen as the material to use. Both of them are subject to high temperatures and gravity, and they also solidated and becomes stable when temperature drop.

The tools used were a robot(Kr60ha) with an industrial-grade plastic extruder gun, another robot(Kr120r2500) with forks, and a glue gun. These two robots works in operation, one of them is to extrude materials out of the machine following specific toolpaths, another one is to hold and shape the materials into specific construction using forks of its own. It turns out that since the material is liquid from the beginning and takes some time to solidate. The final shape to the model is therefore unpredictable.

Ploypropylene

Final Form

Material Investigation

Fabrication Process Operation Platform

Fabrication Process The fabrication process follow the methodology of the form generating process. The fork as the only formwork presenting the very idea of the autonomous construction process. Due to the material property, both the result and the fabrication process is quite unpredictable, therefore required manual adjustments and modification. The material shows a strong sense of self-support and self-assembly.

Fabrication Detail

Fabrication Process

Model performance in light

Light, reflection and restriction Location: Tongji University Date: Sept 1st, 2014 - Oct 25th, 2014 Individual work

[Introduction] This project is for the application for M.Arch I program. Inspired by the technology innovations and material innovations, I was thinking about making a project relating to these themes. I was also interested in the relationship between principles of different territories, seeing similar principles can be used to solve various problems. Light became one of my concern when I started to take long exposure photography. By tracking it in photos, light actually becomes an “material” that occupy space and interact with the real world. I start to record the behaviors of light, such as reflection, refraction etc, and related them to other similar phenomena, for example material forming process. Relationship had been found to inspire the project and I rethink of this topic through out time to seek opportunities to add more value to it. [Concept] Inspired by the long exposure photography, the light become the key to the project. Recording the movement and developing it into project is the main concept. Another important aspect of the light is that although it’s fast and free, barrier and mirror can give restriction to it. The design process is to create bounding mirror boxes and let light fill the space within it. The boxes become the restriction separating interior/ exterior space and the facade/structure.

Concept Developmet The concept is the combination of the free moving agent and the restricting boundary. The idea of recording light come from the long exposure photography, where light become an object to be controlled in the image. The manipulation of light can be seen everywhere, reflection is one of the most popular ones. Reflection of light extend the space not only by projecting an image on the reflecting surface. By recording the reflection, light can extend itself in a different way and the mirror set up the boundary of inside and outside. My design process is by setting up restriction with a basic idea of space, can light be the material to fill the certain space, forming the both the interior and exterior at the same time.

Long exposure photography

Reflection

Enclosed Boundary Enclosed boundary form a infinite loop for the light reflection. Light is trapped inside the boundary box and the formation of the form can be infinite. In this formation, Inner box is added to set up inner boundary. The outcome then is multiplied and connected. This form development show a similar process of material formation in the nature, where material develops itself within limited space ( e.g. inside rocks). The result is mostly an autonomous process but is strongly influenced by the restriction created.

Exterior Boundary Light Input & Outcome

Interior Boundary Multiplication

Final Combination

Open Boundary From the closed boundary, the idea of open boundary is generated. The concept is that by having the restriction partially open, the light will escape eventually, traveling a certain distance and filling the space in between. By doing so, direction is set up and information is transfered. The concept is similar to the light wire, transferring information with glass tube cable. After setting up the basic boundary - an open tunnel, light was input to the boundary and outcome had been assemble to be the final form. Each light stream contain certain information such as the start point, the end point and the path, the assembly of these streams combine the information and create new layers of information such as structure, facade etc.

Form development

Glass fiber

Glass fiber mechanism Index of refraction

380µm

200µm

Input pulse

Output pulse

Basic Reflection Type

Step index fiber 50-100 µm n

125µm

Alternative Type

Graded index fiber -10µm 125µm

Singlemode fiber

Alternative Type

Render view

Render elevation

Section

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