[RIB] [BUTTRESS] [HUSK] [CANTILEVER] [DOUBLE] [ECONOMY] [VESSEL]
island territories vii: ISLAND TEMPORALITIES
2020-2022
Led by Adrian Hawker & Victoria Clare Bernie
THE AGRI / AQUA-CULTURAL GUILD OF [DE]POLDERISATION CHARLIE WILLIAM DONALDSON DANIEL STEPHEN CUTLER
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
cover image // Bay of Mont Saint-Michel
[RIB] [BUTTRESS] [HUSK] [CANTILEVER] [DOUBLE] [ECONOMY] [VESSEL]
island territories vii: ISLAND TEMPORALITIES
THE AGRI / AQUA-CULTURAL GUILD OF [DE]POLDERISATION CHARLIE WILLIAM DONALDSON DANIEL STEPHEN CUTLER
*All work has been completed as a pair unless signified.
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
above // A New Polder Landscape - Aerial Drawing
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
The rain is raining all around it rains on field and tree It rains on the umbrellas here And on the ships at sea. Rain by Robert Louis Stevenson
right // Tidal Sea-Gate with Oyster Beds - Perspective Drawing
[RIB] [BUTTRESS] [HUSK] [CANTILEVER] [DOUBLE] [ECONOMY] [VESSEL]
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
[RIB] [BUTTRESS] [HUSK] [CANTILEVER] [DOUBLE] [ECONOMY] [VESSEL]
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION A Note to Reader Prologue Glossary of Terms Plan Anatomy
11 17 19 21
CHARACTERISTICS 1 - [Rib]
30-51
2 - [Buttress]
52-75
3 - [Husk]
76-107
4 - [Cantilever]
108-129
5 - [Double]
130-145
6 - [Economy]
146-159
7 - [Vessel]
160-171
REFLECTION Mode of Practice
left // View to Dining Room - Perspective Drawing
173
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
The Buyuk Han, Nicosia
The Green Line, Nicosia
Mont Saint-Michel, France
The Bay ofMont Saint-Michel, France
[RIB] [BUTTRESS] [HUSK] [CANTILEVER] [DOUBLE] [ECONOMY] [VESSEL]
A NOTE TO READER
The Thesis project is the accumulation of an in-depth study into indeterminate landscapes across unique island territories – concerning itself with the nature of uncertainty, with change as it plays out over time in architecture and its landscapes. The first year of research engaged with Nicosia [Cyprus], a capital city divided by a no-mans land drawn up at the hands of a foreign general. Initially engaging with the Büyük Han [chimera] – a caravanserai in the heart of Nicosia – highly articulated and site-specific architectural fragments were proposed to engage with the rich cultural and historic context. These initial fragments set out an architectural language for the Thesis. In the second semester, the folly like architectures were relocated and embedded into the The Green Line – the UN buffer zone which exists in proximity to the Han. The fragments were re-scaled and re-calibrated to align with their new context. Through a carefully choreographed programme of research through drawing and making – archival resources and online documentation were used uncover the layers of past occupancy of the island like condition of Nicosia. A project was proposed [[Re]Establishing the Pedieos] which engaged with the anticipation of political re-unification of Nicosia. In the second year of the Thesis, the project was re-orientated to Mont-Saint-Michel, an estuarine island condition in Northern France. Similar island conditions affected the Abbey – questions of economy, climate, resource, isolation, and an uncertainty as to how it future may unfold. The threat of rising sea levels and
climate change are becoming increasingly concerning as to how the landscape of the bay will be affected. Once again, the proposal was re-scaled and re-calibrated for its new condition; bringing with it the cultural knowledge learned from Nicosia, that could be re-applied to conditions facing the Abbey. Much like the engagement with the Han, smaller but complex habitual architects were proposed - architectures that fully engaged with the grain of the Abbey. Finally, the proposals were offered to the wider bay – engaging with the polder landscape which was laid out in front of the Abbey. The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De] polderisation is the culmination of knowledge uncovered from an in-depth study into island conditions across a range of scales. The Thesis engages with the concerns of the contemporary oceanic environment with critical rigour and architectural imagination with a view to making manifest the nature of uncertainty in the modern world. This report should be used as guide to understand the Thesis; the proposal is dissected and distilled into a series of characteristics [Rib, Buttress, Husk, Cantilever, Double, Economy, Vessel]. The lineage of these characteristics will then be traced back through each re-calibration, with it, revealing the knowledge and understanding that each iteration uncovered.
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
previous // The Guild’s relationship with Mont Saint-Michel - Aerial Site Plan above // A view across the bay - Perspective Drawing
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
The Shadrivan
The Glassworks
The Guild-House
The Observation Walkway
The “Shed”
The Poplar-Lock
The Lens - Dining
The Refuge
The Orchard Lock
The Lens - Restaurant
The Clayworks
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PROLOGUE The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
The Guild anticipates a future depolderisation of the constructed agricultural land surrounding the island abbey of Mont Saint-Michel. It seeks to reconcile the continued economic and social benefits of these highly productive fields with the environmental pressures they, and the vulnerable fringe of saltmarsh, now face due to climate change and an acute exposure to rising sea levels. Funded by the French farming guilds, it registers changes within the bay and develops strategies for the gradual transition from agriculture to aquaculture. As a precedent farm, it becomes a focal point of gathering and knowledge transfer with the agenda of investigating new techniques for the cultivation of both soil and sea. It facilitates either the strengthening of sea dykes to further protect land or their dismantlement so as to receive the threatened habitats of the saltmarsh - measures rooted in a negotiation of economy, ensuring the protection of the robust industries operating at the local and global scales.
The elevated deck structure houses gardens of production and research, embracing and enriching ecological systems. Fabricated from materials and craftsmanship local to the bay, the engineered timber and granite structure beds into the certainty of underlying bedrock then ambitiously cantilevers over less assured territories. The Guild converses with the adjacent abbey through scripted views and a strategic elevated positioning which witnesses the transition of the landscape. It enacts an initial breaching of the dyke wall, the threshold between sea and land is recalibrated in an act of controlled flooding
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
above // The Abbey - Photograph
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GLOSSARY of terms
Agriculture The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products. Aquaculture The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of crops and raising animals in water to provide food, fuel, and other products Aquifer A body of permeable rock which can contain or transmit groundwater. Bastion A projecting part of a fortification built at an angle to the line of a wall, so as to allow defensive fire in several directions. Buttress Noun: “a source of defence or support.” Verb. “increase the strength of or justification for; reinforce; Camera Lucida An instrument attached to a microscope, etc to enable an observer to view simultaneously the image and a drawing surface to facilitate the sketching of the image. Cantilever “a part of a beam or a structure projecting outwards beyond its support” Chimera buildings with multiple identities whether programmatic, Device A thing made or adapted for a particular purpose, especially a piece of mechanical or electronic equipment: a measuring device Economy careful management of available resources Field A selected territory within the urban context of Nicosia that is the setting for the Studioli
Garden A planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the cultivation, display, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The single feature identifying even the wildest wild garden is control. The garden can incorporate both natural and artificial materials Guild An association of people for mutual aid or the pursuit of a common goal Green Line A neutral area serving to separate hostile forces or nations. Husk “an outer layer” “A supporting framework” Jetsam Designates the portion of a cargo that is intentionally thrown overboard to lighten a ship, as during a storm or when in danger of sinking Parterre Immediate context which tethers to the greater landscape Polder A stretch of land reclaimed from the sea or a lake. Rib a long raised piece of strengthening or supporting material Verb: “mark with or form into ridges Victor Hugo [Victor-Marie Hugo], (born February 26, 1802, Besançon, France—died May 22, 1885, Paris), poet, artist, novelist, and dramatist who was the most important of the French Romantic writers. William Turner [ Joseph Mallord William Turner] (born April 23, 1775, London, England—died December 19, 1851, London), English Romantic landscape painter whose expressionistic studies of light, colour, and atmosphere were unmatched in their range and sublimity.
Flotsam (also known as “flotsan”) refers to the goods of a sunken or stricken vessel found floating on the surface of the sea. material, climatic, diurnal or structural
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
ECONOMY
BUTTRESS
CANTILEVER
RIB
[RIB] [BUTTRESS] [HUSK] [CANTILEVER] [DOUBLE] [ECONOMY] [VESSEL]
DOUBLE
HUSK
VESSEL
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fie Agri/Aqua-cultural The Agri/Aqua-culturalGuild Guildofof [De]Polderisation [De]Polderisation
above // The Guild-House
[RIB] [BUTTRESS] [HUSK] [CANTILEVER] [DOUBLE] [ECONOMY] [VESSEL]
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
[RI]B [BUTE R SS] [HUSK] [CANTILEVER] [DOUBLE] [ECONOMY] [VESSEL]
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
previous // Mont Saint-Michel Bay - Photograph above // Exploded Planometric
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Characteristic 1
[RIB] The act of ‘ribbing’ a landscape, has continually been used as an architectural tool throughout the thesis – manifesting as both a physical construction, and cartographically upon maps and models. Ribs can help to understand a landscape by providing a sense of familiarity unknown environments and providing a resistance to work into. The proposal in Nicosia utilised a series of walls constructed from re-purposed building material that had been dredged from the deserted Green Line. Initially marks on a plan, the walls created a new ‘ribbed’ landscape in which the architectural fragments had a place to re-embed. The walls [ribs] were an ally an uncertain landscape, a familiar character that acted as a compass to help understand the new sense of place. New architectural fragments and programmatic functions were created in and around the walls; hovering, nestling, holding onto, or being held by the ribs. The proposal [Re]Animated the Pedieos hosted a series of productive micro-architectures and associated gardens, in and around the ribs across the buffer zone.
previous // The Abbey - Photograph above // Guild Axonometric right // Field Table - Model
Cartographically, these ribs were used re-calibrate the proposal as it was embedded into the landscape of the bay – forming nets which drifted into the bay, and as a way of understanding the silty scapeland beneath the Abbey. Physically, ribs manifest in The Guild as a series of CLT [cross-laminated-timber] beams, which make up the primary structure of the deck. The natural rhythm of the ribs provides and order and sense of certainty above the fluidity and uncertainty of the bay below. Further productive architectures, gardens, and programmatic functions are embedded within the depth of the beams. [Restaurants, kitchen/ gardens, plant nurseries, auditorium, soil testbeds, service machinery, observation areas, and gathering spaces]. The architectural language of hovering, nestling, and embedding has been retained to develop a series of complex and rich spaces.
[RIB] [BUTTRESS] [HUSK] [CANTILEVER] [DOUBLE] [ECONOMY] [VESSEL]
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
right // Field Table - Model
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fie Agri/Aqua-cultural The Agri/Aqua-culturalGuild Guildofof [De]Polderisation [De]Polderisation Roof Plan - Originally Drawn at 1:100 [1] - Poplar Tree Sapling Nursery [2] - Sapling Distribution System [3] - Orchard Lock [4] - Water Pump House - Main Aquaduct [5] - The Guild House [6] - Aquaducts [7] - Salmon Nursery [8] - Deck Area [9] - Chambre d’Amis - Kitchen / Garden [10] - Tidal Gate - Oyster Beds [11] - Chambre d’Amis - Restaurant [12] - Soil Sample Vessel [13] - Soil Testbeds
[3]
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation Section AA - Originally Drawn at 1:100 [1] - Poplar Tree Sapling Nursery [2] - Sapling Distribution System [3] - Orchard Lock [4] - Water Pump House - Main Aquaduct [5] - The Guild House - Meeting Rooms [6] - The Guild House - Office [7] - The Guild House - Office [8] - The Guild House - Archive [9] - Aquaducts [10] - Salmon Nursery [11] - Pile Foundations - to Granite Bedrock [12] - Deck Area [13] - Chambre d’Amis - Kitchen / Garden [14] - Tidal Gate - Oyster Beds [15] - Chambre d’Amis - Oven [16] - Chambre d’Amis - Restaurant [17] - Soil Sample Vessel [18] - Soil Testbeds
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AA
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation Orchard Lock - Cultivating Poplar
Poplar saplings are cultivated and grown – once fully grown they are lowered down through the deck, via a pulley system, into the Amphibious vehicles. From here they are disturbed into the wider bay landscape where they are replanted until they are fully grown – where they are either harvested for timber or used to reinforce the dyke wall. above // Orchard Lock - Axonometric right // Enlarged Plan
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
Nicosia ‘Net’
above // Field Drawing - capturing and compressing the Polders
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Mont Saint-Michel
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
above // Working Model - Introducing Nicosia to the Mont Saint Michel Bay right // “The Green Line”, Nicosia - Pencil study
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The Green Line - Nicosia
kípos | Bahçe | Garden [RE]establishing the Pedieos
The thesis proposes a choreographed assemblage of architectures of production, a landscape of resource and celebratory seasonal gardens as a means by which to [re]fabricate the fragmented city of Nicosia, the capital of the divided island of Cyprus. The UN Buffer Zone, implemented in 1974, is a continuous island-wide barrier, an economic and cultural divide that passes from west to east across the city. Sometimes several meters wide, only permeable on foot at the 43 defined pedestrian crossing of the Ledra Gate, the Buffer Zone is an emptied geography.
The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation Orchard Lock - Cultivating Poplar
Site Strategy - 1970
Site Strategy - 2021
Site Strategy - [RE]claiming the Ruins
above // [Re]establishing the Pedieos - using walls as ribs right // “The Green Line”, Nicosia - Found Photographs
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Nicosia - Ledra Street
1970 - Ledra Street
195 - Ledra Street
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Green Line - Originally Drawn at 1:500
Buyuk Han
Shadrivan
The Glassmaker’s Workshop
Clayw
[RIB] [BUTTRESS] [HUSK] [CANTILEVER] [DOUBLE] [ECONOMY] [VESSEL]
Ypostego | Kulube
Selimiye Mosque Cathedral
works
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
above // [Re]establishing the Pedieos - Project Axonometric
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Characteristic 2
[BUTTRESS] The bay, and artificially created polder landscape of Mont-Saint-Michel, is under threat from changing climatic conditions and rising sea levels. The thesis proposal of depolderising the landscape, cuts into the dyke wall allowing for a controlled flooding of the polder landscape underneath the Guild. The land below will becoming aqueous, uncertain, and unstuiable for building upon.
thickening of the wall tethered the proposal to the landscape below – other architectural fragments sat above ground condition of the line, The Clayworks offered a lock into it. This allowed for a space which could be inhabited; a place for production and for natural resources [water, clay] to be stored, channelled, processed, and then released into the wider landscape around it.
The spine wall of the Guild is the first move of construction in the architectural proposal, a thick granite buttressed wall is embedded into the landscape, locking into the granite bedrock deep below the surface. Much like its counterpart [The Abbey], the granite wall becomes an extension of the bedrock below - a building tethered to an immovable force embedded within a fluid landscape of change.
The buttressed wall holds the nucleus of the Guild; offices, accommodation, archives, access points, and pumps and channels the water to the rest of the programmatic functions. The cantilevered sapling nursery hangs from one side of the buttress, and the deck rests upon the other. The buttress of the spine wall grounds the thesis historically, culturally, and geologically to its landscape.
The spine wall is am evolution of The Clayworks in Nicosia, the act of buttressing on the ribbed walls in the buffer zone. The
previous // Mont Saint-Michel - Photograph above // Isolated Buttress - Axonometric
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Guild-House - Exploded Axonometric
[4]
[2]
[1]
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[1] - Frameless Glazing [2] - Timber Screen [3] - Copper Stair [4] - Granite Buttress [5] - Steel Support Structure [6] - Perforated Copper Screen [7] - Seawater Hatchery Tanks
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Guild-House - Section orignally drawn at 1:100
[9] [1]
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[1] - Chimney [2] - Incineration Raft [3] - Guild House Meeting / Office Accomodation [4] - Guild House Inn [5] - Private Hatchery Walkway [6] - Timber Screen [7] - Hatchery Water Vessels [8] - Granite Buttress
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Guild-House - Worms Eye
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Guild-House
The Guild House is the nucleus of the project, embedded deep into the spine wall. It houses the administrative function of the Guild; offices, meeting rooms, archives, and accommodation above // Mont Saint-Michel - Photograph towards the Polders right // Isolated Buttress - Project Section
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
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The Guild-House - Lvl 05 - Orignally Drawn at 1:100
[1] - Stair Tower [2] - Inceration Raft [3] - Guild House Meeting / Office Accomodation [4] - Guild House Inn [5] - Elevated Public Walkway [6] - Timber Screen [7] - Hatchery Water Vessels [8] - Granite Buttress
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
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The Guild-House - Lvl 03 - Orignally Drawn at 1:100
[1] - Stair Tower [2] - Inceration Raft [3] - Guild House Meeting / Office Accomodation [4] - Guild House Inn [5] - Private Hatchery Walkway [6] - Timber Screen [7] - Hatchery Water Vessels [8] - Granite Buttress [9] - Hatchery Office
[1]
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
above // Guild-House Entrance right // Guild-House Archive - Worms Eye
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The Guild-House - Archive
The archive stores research data and biosamples [seed, soil, plants] – a reinforced bank storing the data from the bay.
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation Nicosia - Clayworks
The Clayworks is a small brick production facility which produces bricks to re-build the damaged buildings within the fringe condition of the buffer zone above // [Re]establishing the Pedieos - Clayworks Axonometric right // Clayworks - Card and Plaster Model
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation Nicosia - Clayworks
[1] - Corten Steel Staircase [2] - Cast Insitu Kiln [3] - Water-cooled Canvas Shading [4] - Timber Storage [5] - Loading Bay [6] - Timber Walkway [7] - Copper Aqueduct [8] - Corten Steel Walkway [9] - Plant Nursery [10] - Raised Tile Drying area [11] - Marble Lined Water Tank [12]- Copper Aqueducts
above // [Re]establishing the Pedieos - Clayworks Axonometric right // Clayworks - Plan
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
above // Clayworks Model
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Characteristic 3
[HUSK] The act of creating a husk – is the act of creating a sheltered space. A sealed environment protected from the harmful environmental conditions. A series of husk like conditions are embedded within the Guild, typically highlighting paces of importance or those intended human inhabitation. Albeit almost opposing climatic conditions – the implementation of husks has been vital throughout the thesis in both Mont-Saint-Michel and Nicosia. The rain rarely falls in Cyprus, hot summer sun beats down to create a parched and dry landscape. Husks were used to create canopies – areas of shade and cooling. Constructed as copper shells, typically they were loose in form allowing for the cool air to flow through the open spaces. This act activated such spaces – allowing for activity to take place [making glass windowpanes, allowing an orchard keeper to prepare for the day, drinking a coffee and encouraging conversation].
previous // Pilgrims - Photograph
In the transposition to Mont-Saint-Michel, simple husks as canopies were no longer appropriate for the climate. Heavy rain and wind berate the open coastline all year long, whilst hot sun beats down in the summer. The husks had to be re-calibrated to become much tighter for certain programmatic functions. Spaces of human inhabitation – such as Chambre d’Amis and The Guild House are tightly clad in a copper skin, sealing them completely from the harmful exterior atmospheric conditions. The loose husk like conditions still remains for environments requiring exterior conditions – the husk enveloping the Sapling Nursery protects the saplings from the prevailing coasts winds whilst allowing the rain to provide nourishment. Throughout the thesis project, the of using husks as an architectural move has been essential to activate the functions within the proposal.
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation Husk - Climactic Protection
The Poplar Sapling husk protects the saplings from the prevailing coastal wind. A large guttering system reclaims and captures rain water, it is stored and re-used to water the saplings and nursery plants.
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation Husk - Climactic Protection
The Lens - Dining Room
The Bonnet
The Bonnet contains soil samples and testbeds to try and develop a soil that encourages maximum crop efficiency.
right // View on the ‘Deck’ - Drawing
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Lens - Dining Room - Lvl RL - Orignally Drawn at 1:100
[1]
[2]
[1] - Tidal Gate - Oyster Beds [2] - Broken Dyke Wall [3] - Kitchen / Garden - Watering System [4] - Kitchen / Garden - Planters [5] - Copper Roof - Water Channel [6] - Copper Roof - Opening [7] - Timber Deck [Poplar] [8] - CLT Primary Beams [9] - Mesh Walkway [10] - Soil Sample Observation Area
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Lens - Dining Room - Lvl 02 - Orignally Drawn at 1:100
[1]
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[1] - -Tidal GateGate - Oyster Beds Beds [1] Tidal - Oyster [2] - -Broken DykeDyke Wall Wall [2] Broken [3] - Kitchen / Garden - Watering System [3] Kitchen / Garden - Watering System [4] - Kitchen / Garden - Planters [5] - -Oven [4] Kitchen / Garden - Planters [6] - -Oven [5] Oven [8] - Dumb Waiter [6] OvenLounge [9] - -Drinks [10] -- Equipment Storage [8] Dumb Waiter [11] -- Access to Exterior Deck [9] Drinks Lounge [12] - Guild Dining Table [10] Equipment Storage [13] - Outside Deck Area [14] - CLT Primary [11] - Access toBeams Exterior Deck [15] - Mesh Walkway [12] - Guild Dining Table [16] - Storage Area [13] - Outside DeckArea Area [17] - Deck Observation [14] - CLT Primary Beams [15] - Mesh Walkway [16] - Storage Area [17] - Deck Observation Area
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
Enclosure M - Copper Cladding + Primary Steel I-Beams + Secondary Box Steel Structure E - Creates a dry, sheltered environment for the cooking area F - Protection from elements + Collection of Rainwater to provide various methods of washing + cooking + cleaning C - Reflects light from the fire and evening Southern light, into the vessel where Hugo and Turner will be dining. Creates sheltered environment from prevailing coastal winds. Form of roof + oversized gutter harvest rainwater, which is re-used within the project
Vessel M - Steel + Copper + Timber [Chestnut] + Insulation E - Creates a warm, sheltered, watertight environment for Turner + Hugo to dine F - Dining location of the grand meal C - Framing views of Tombolane + Reflected dappled light
Stair M - Steel I-Beam+ Timber [Chestnut] + Corten Steel Handrail E - Vertical transition through states of silt and moisture, F - Circulation + visual communication to set views [Oysters Garden, Garden, and the Oven] C - Connects and slices through the existing structure
Channel M - Steel Frame with copper cladding E - Supports public access + channels water from the rainwater gutters into storage. F - Structural support + Channels and stores water C - Locks into existing context and ties together components throughout the project
Lock M - Cast insitu concrete, Copper + Stainless Steel, Aluminum E - Washing of the existing floor post cleaning, channelling water to desired function, sink and basin for cooking F - Washing of feet, cooking, channelling water, structural, guiding route C - Connects and locks new structure into the existing
Garden M - Steel Mesh + Reclaimed Stone + Cast Concrete E - Utilising local conditions [Reclaimed rainwater and the sea] for further use F - Cultivating herbs, vegetables, and Oysters for cooking C - Reclaims and re-arranges existing stone, and creates a watertight lining to contain water and protect the existing conditions.
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M - Materiality E - Environmental C - Contextual F - Function
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Lens - Dining Room - Perspective Collage
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Lens - Dining Room - Perspective Collage
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[RI]B [BUTE R SS] [HUSK] [CANTI[HUSK] LEVER] [DOUBLE] [ECONOMY] [VESSEL]
ii. Shelter
[9]
[13]
[12]
iv. The Garden
[15] [10]
[14]
[11]
[18]
iv. The Lens [6]
[19]
[17]
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v The Kitchen
[19]
[20] [22 + 23]
[21]
iv. The Lens
ii. Entry
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The Lens - Dining Room - Section AA, originally drawn at 1:100
[1] The Lens - The final location for Victor Hugo and William turner. The meal is served to them. Turner sits within a cast Orcadian style chair with a chestnut lining. The View is directed out to Tombolane. Hugo sits within a matching chair, within the lighter timber shell, Hugo faces towards polished concrete to observe the changes of light reflecting upon it. [2] Orcadian Style Chair
[3] [1]
[3] Fold Out Dining Table [Chestnut] [4] Polisehd Concrete Inhabited Wall [5] Dumb Waiter [5] Copped Clad Water Tank [Reclaimed Rainwater]
[3] [2]
[5]
[4]
[6] Cast Concrete ‘water lock’, channels filtered rainwater to the kitchen. Water is used to clean,cook and ‘flush’ the area once finished. [7] Reclaimed exisitng stone laid in a copper basin [8] New concrete lined oven inserted into exisitng chimney - open fire retains heat and is a traditional way of cooking [9] Private Walkway for Hugo and Turner
[5]
[9]
[10] Mesh Flooring [11] Herb and vegetable garden - reclaimed rainwater is flushed under the ground from the lock to irrigate the crops [12] Cast concrete framework [13] Cast Concrete changing and shower area for the Chef, the water is heated from the fireplace [8]
[6]
[10] [7]
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[13] [11]
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The Lens - Dining Room - Detail Sections
[1] - Copper Sheet Cladding [2] - Timber Battens [40x50mm] [3] - Timber Spacer Pieces [40x50mm] [4] - 50/50 Horizontal Timber Battens and 50mm multi-layered thermal insulation [wadding fleece, foamed material, reflection foil] [5] - Polythene Vapour Barrier [6] - Tongue and Groove Chestnut Timber Boarding [150x20mm] [7] - Mild Steel Vessel Ribs [8] - Double Glazing [9] - Chestnut Frame [Metal Pin Connection Joints] 50x200mm [10] - Chestnut ‘Orkney Style Chair’ for Victor Hugo [11] - Upholstered Leather Cushion
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Shadrivan - Nicosia - Perspective
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Glassworks - Nicosia
[2]
[4]
[6] [3]
[1]
[7]
[10] [11]
[9]
[12] [8]
[13] [5] [14]
[15] [19] [20] [16] [17]
[18]
[1] - Stafi Entrance [2] - Copper Husk [3] - Cast Concrete Shell [4] - Elevated Public Timber Walkway [5] - Furnace Support Tanks + Machinery [6] - Primary Furnace [7] - 80x80mm Timber Frame Stafi Area [8] - External Walkway [9] - Ceramic Water Tank Lining [10] - Water Tank Steel Frame [11] - Water Tank [12] - Steel ‘Feet’ + I-Beam Support [13] - Glass Machinery [Lehr, Coolers, Cutting) [14] - Glass Removal System [15] - 50x50mm Steel Frame [16] - External Walls + Ruins [17] - Lemon Tree + Respite Garden [18] - Glass Pane Yard [19] - Water [20] - Copper Aqueducts
right // Glassworks - Roof Level Plan
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above // The Buyuk Han, Nicosia - Axonometric
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Shadrivan - Buyuk Han
[7]
[6] [5]
[3]
[4]
[9]
[8]
[1]
[1] - Concrete Cast insitu footings [2] - Stainless steel walkway [3] - Corten steel cantilevered treads [4] - Concrete cast insitu platform [5] - Firewood storage [6] - Corten Steel Husk [7] - Vessel Wall - braced steel frame with marble aggregate panels [8] - Concrete cast insitu overfiow channels [9] - Galvinised steel grating
right // Stills from Video - Storm Register / Suspect Device
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[2]
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Characteristic 4
[CANTILEVER] The Sapling Nursery of the Guild cantilevers out across the bay, protect from the unstable and uncertain ground beneath it. The act of cantilevering is an act of anticipation. The imminent threat of rising sea levels has the potential to turn the polder fields to into an aqueous plane – the cantilever anticipates the threat and raises the Poplar saplings to a safe location. Once they are fully grown ready to be planted in the greater bay landscape, a ceremonial lowering of the sapling occurs. A system of cabling and pulleys, hidden within the steel ribs, lowers the saplings into the Amphibious vehicles below.
reside, disconnected from the tidal landscape below whilst allowing him to overlook the beauty of the bay. Once again, in Nicosia, the architectural fragments were raised above the ground below - a ground which is full of debris and detritus from bloody conflict. The act of cantilevering as an architectural act can change the tide of uncertainty in an unknown context.
The cantilever is an evolution of the The Refuge – an architectural fragment offering a safe and certain environment for William Turner to
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above // The Guild - Model Photograph
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above // The Guild - Model Photograph
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Cantilever - Traversing uncertain territories
The deck of the guild is supported on its northern edge by an array of granite columns. The columns support a covered walkway, the deck, and aqueducts. The raised walkway provides vantage points for observing the activity on the deck, the Abbey, and views out into the wider bay.
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Refuge - Mont Saint-Michel Site Section orignally drawing at 1:200
The Refuge locks into the thick granite, channelling water from the Abbey cistern for drinking, washing, and cleaning. The projects hangs safely above the gatehouse, the lowest point of the Abbey which floods during high tide.
right // The Gatehouse, Mont Saint-Michel, Photograph
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Refuge - Acontextual Axonometric
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Refuge - Acontextual Axonometric
Enclosure M - Chestnut + Anodised Aluminium + Timber + Insulation E - Creates provides a dry, warm envirnonment for Victor Hugo F - Sleeping + Production of Artwork + Writing C - North facing rooflights frame view to the Abbey. South facing Oculus window frames view of Polders and Dam
Vessel M - Steel + Copper E - Creates a threshold between wet and dry +Registers water presence F - Collection of Rainwater to provide various methods of washing C - Storage of run off water from the Abbey, Framing Views
Stair M - Stainless Steel + Aluminum E - Vertical transition through states of silt and moisture F - Circulation + visual communication to Turner’s accomodation C - Freestanding from existing context
Rib M - Boardformed concrete, cast insutu E - Supports thresholds of wetness F - Structural support + Chimney + External washing chambers C - Locks into existing gargole, provides a generous tolerance to existing context
Channel + Bridge M - Cast insitu concrete, Copper + Stainless Steel, Aluminum E - Washing of the existing Apron, controlled passage of water F - Washing of feet, overflow of vessel, allows Victor Hugo to arrive by boat C - Connects to seawater and harvests rainwater
M - Materiality E - Environmental C - Contextual F - Function
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
above // Cantilevering over the Gatehouse, Mont Saint-Michel
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Refuge - Section - originally drawn at 1:100
[3]
[2]
[1]
[7]
[5]
[8]
[1] - Hardwood Raised Dias [2] - Hardwood Timber Cladding [3] - Fireplace with Water Tank [4] - Folded Metal Roof with Integral Gutter [5] - Cast Insitu Concrete Support [6] - Resessed Copper Water Channel [7] - Steel Vessel Ribs [8] - Stainless Steel Staircase [9] - Seawater Reservoir - Cast Insitu Concrete
[9]
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[6] [4]
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[ Ypóstego | Kulübe ] Plan orignally drawn 1:100
[3]
[2]
[1]
[9]
[4]
[5] [6]
[7] [11] [8]
[12]
[1] - Lemon Tree [2] - Water Reservoir [3] - Water Aqueduct [4] - Timber Walawk y [5] - Shoew r [6] - Equipment Storage [7] - Lemon Depository [8] - Entrance via Ladder [9] - Concrete alP nter [10] - Water aG te [11] - Exisiting Han [12] - Lemon Orcah rd
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
[ Ypóstego | Kulübe ] Axonometric
[2]
[1] [4]
[12]
[1] - Copper Shower Plumbing [2] - Cypress wood Timber 75x75mm [3] - Timber Stairway and Lemon Storage [4] - Steel I-Beam Support Structure [5] - Cast concrete wall and lock [6] - Cypress Timber Walkway [7] - Copper Cladding [8] - Steel 40x40mm frame [9] - Concrete Planter [10] - Lemon Tree [11] - Lemon Tree{s] [12] - Transportable Entrance/Lemon Tree Ladder [13] - Existing Structure of Old Exterior Buildings
[13]
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[10]
[3]
[6]
[9]
[5]
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[11]
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Characteristic 5
[DOUBLE]
The act of creating a double is the act of bringing balance, situating one architecture against another. The Guild look out towards the Abbey, and the Abbey gazes back at its new counterpart. The Guild is a catalytic architecture, aiming to protect and enhance the bay in which the Abbey resides. Much like the Guild counterpart in Lindisfarne [the Lutyens Jeykll garden], the Guild is a garden for the Abbey to gaze upon whilst not aiming to interfere with the historical monolith. Referencing the materiality of the Abbey and the Bay [granite, chestnut, poplar, copper] the Guild makes its claim as its counterpart and double. Themes of duality were more haunting for Nicosia. Cloven since the 1974 Turkish occupation of the north, the Green Line, the United Nations patrolled Buffer Zone that reaches across the island is compressed
and constrained into a memory of the Pedieos’ historic course – a fact illuminated on occasion when, following a prolonged storm, the aquifer rises to flood the empty ruins. Then, the waters turn into a fecund green cartographic mark of a negotiating general’s chinagraph pencil into a fecund reality, a seasonal seam thick with the song of migratory birds. Like the plain on which is founded, the city exists in a seemingly perpetual state of anticipation, for a reunification whose potential steadily ebbs and flows. With the threat of flood now haunting the polder landscape of Mont-Saint-Michel, the Guild waits in anticipation for the rising sea levels, a device ready to act to try and create certainty in the uncertain future that lies ahead.
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
Gertrude Jekyll Garden Holy Island, England
The Guild and the Abbey of Mont-SaintMichel share a dual with the Gertrude Jekyll Garden at Lindisfarne, Holy Island.
right // The view to Mont Saint-Michel
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation Seeding an Island Drfiting Nets in the Bay of Mont Saint-Michel
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
above // Drifting nets in the Bay
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
above // The Shadrivan, Buyuk Han, Nicosia
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Shadrivan Plan - originally drawn at 1:100
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation Shadrivan Section AA - originally drawn at 1:100
[1] - Timber roosts for migrating birds [2] - Stainless steel walkway [3] - Corten steel cantileved steps [4] - Concrete cast insitu platform [5] - Firewood Storage [6] - Corten steel husk [7] - Vessel Wall - braced steel frame with marble aggregate panels [8] - Concrete cast insitu overflow channels [9] - Galvanised steel grating
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above // The Buyuk Han, Nicosia, Photograph
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Characteristic 6
[ECONOMY] Questions of economy are amplified in Island Territories. Resource is a finite commodity which requires ingenuity and constant negotiation. The Thesis address such concerns through a discourse of exchange at every scale. The nature of depolderisation relies on sacrificial farmland – farmland that was originally taken from the bay that needs to be reclaimed by the tide to ensure the long-term survival of the rest of the polder landscape. The proposal breaks the dyke wall and floods the polders in a controlled manner – and becomes the precedent for making the transition from agriculture to aquaculture; Poplar trees are grown and distributed into areas of the bay which requires re-enforcing for flood protection, the Salmon Nursery re-bolsters stocks in the bay, soil is researched to optimise growing conditions, kelp bio-fuel is researched and produced to fuel the fleet of amphibious vehicles which are necessary for keeping the bay area productive. The kitchen/garden grows a limited stock of oysters, vegetables and seafood; ensuring all food is produced within its own context.
Economic sensibility is manifested within the grain of construction. The material pallet largely is sourced from the bay area – granite is in the bed rock, poplar wood is heavily available locally and grown on The Guild, copper is worked and produced in the nearby town of Villedieu-les-Poêles. Using local materials reduces the environmental impact offset from material imports, bolsters the local trade economy, and roots the building within its context. The Thesis draws from the acts of ‘economy’ learned from Nicosia; ‘[Re]Animating the Pedieos’ proposed a choreographed assemblage of production, a landscape of resource and celebratory seasonal gardens as a means to [re]fabricate the city. To determine an inhabitable future for the bay, the Guild must act as a self-supporting system carefully utilising the limited resources available.
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation Negiotation of Land Use
top // Poplar trees stabilising polder soils - Photograph bottom // Extent of farmed, Polder landscape - Photograph
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right // Amphibious Vehicles collecting Mussels and Oysterr
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Oyster Gardens Amphibious Vehicles
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation The Lens Material Economy - Skins and Linings
Concrete
Steel
Timber
Copper
Reclaimed Water System
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[5] [4]
[2]
[3] [1]
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The Lens Plan - originally drawn at 1:100 [1] - Water Guttering [2] - The Lens - Final Destination for Hugo and Turner. [3] - Dumb Waiter [4] - Victor Hugo [5] - William Turner
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation Nicosia Material Resource
Copper Resource
British Bases
Water Resource
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Characteristic 7
[VESSEL] The Vessel as an architectural act as been ever present since the beginning of the Thesis project. Hydrological concerns and the treatment of water are prevalent concerns in all four proposals; therefor methods of storing [vessel], channelling [aqueduct], controlling [sluss gate], and distributing [gargoyle] had become key architectural devices throughout the Thesis. Water in Cyprus is a precious resource and [Re] animating the Pedieos engaged directly with issues of supply and demand across the divide through a new water centric infrastructure fed by the, Pedies aquifer, the source of the Pedieos river which once ran west to east across the Venetian city. Prone to floods, the river was redirected south and this mis-alignment, together with concerns of global climate change, resulted in the baron landscape of the buffer zone and dry river basin beyond. Reanimated of the water supply to the site presented opportunities for cultivation and fabrication through a landscape of craft production directed to cross-cultural
and cross disciplinary action. The creation of vessels [eg. Shadrivan] across the landscape were essential to protect and store the vital resource – copper and ceramic became useful allies to line such vessels. Whilst volume of water seemingly inversed within the island condition of Mont-SaintMichel – so did the qualities of wate that were present; saline/fresh, silty, the changing tide, still/moving water, rainwater. The architectural forms of vessel became more sophisticated and refined in The Guild to cater for the quantity of liquid conditions. Vessel as an architectural act is necessary to support the programmatic functions of the Thesis proposal.
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation Salmon Hatchery + Guild-House Planometric
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation Shadrivan - The Green Line Perspective
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AA
BB
BB
AA
[1]
[3]
[2]
[4]
[6]
[5]
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Shadrivan - The Green Line Section AA
[8]
[1] Copper Aqueduct [2] Steel Frame [3] Precast Concrete Panels with a Marble Aggregate [4] Cast Insitu Concrete Stairwell [5] Concrete housed pump unit [6] Corten Steel Staircase [7] Cast Insitu Concrete Plinth [8] Corten Steel Husk [9] Stainless Steel Grating [10] Cast Insitu Concrete Mat
[7]
[10]
[9]
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
]
[6] [4] [5] [1]
[2]
[3]
right // Ledra Street - Crossing the Green Line
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Shadrivan - The Green Line Plan [1] Copper Aqueduct [2] Steel Frame [3] Precast Concrete Panels with a Marble Aggregate [4] Cast Insitu Concrete Stairwell [5] Concrete housed pump unit [6] Corten Steel Staircase [7] Cast Insitu Concrete Plinth [8] Corten Steel Husk
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[1]
[1] - Daniel Cutler [2] - Charlie Donaldson Photo by Gus Wray
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[2]
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MODE OF ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE
Our method of architectural research can be distilled toward the continual generation of architectural proposition to fully understand the complex and uncertain histories of the island contexts in which we were designing. The constant drawing, modelling, and re-drawing of environments allowed us to consistently uncover new information and cultural knowledge embedded within the island territory. Research has taken on multiple forms throughout our practice; mapping, historical texts, images, and theory, the study of art and cultural precedents, and a research and study trip to Mont-Saint-Michel. The impact of the forced isolation due to COVID-19 meant we had to continually adjust our working practice based upon government rules and regulations. In the first year almost everything was online based, restricting levels of face to face interacting and the ability to visit the site, and the ability to create physical architectural drawings and model. It was also an extremely difficult time in regard to mental health, exercise and create a healthy work life balance. Working fully online meant we relied heavily on digital media – rendering, digital collage, and film became the medium of choice for our representation. We believe this aided the overall thesis, as it we were able to hone these skills and also think about our architectural practice in a different method as to what we were used to. We strived to ensure that the spatial quality of the architecture was able to still be of high quality. Due to the separation, we gravitated towards a collection of smaller architectures, that combined to make a larger project. The second year marked a transition back to in-person working and the translation of the project context from Nicosia to Mont-Saint-
right // Drawing the Green Line
Michel. It was initially difficult remember physical working practices (eg. Model making, printing, and sketching) – however throughout the year we slowly progressed into the physical realm. The combination of both methods of practice accumulated in an exhibition with strong digitally produced drawings and physical modelling. We were also able to travel internationally, which gifted the opportunity to travel to Mont-Saint-Michel. It was extremely important to be able to connect with the site – it was vital to understand the dynamic of the ever-changing landscape in real time. It highlighted the unpredictable and uncertainty of the landscape, something that was vital for understanding the sense of place. We had previously relied on archive material for Nicosia, so this was a welcome change. Working as a pair throughout the two-year Thesis was extremely advantageous, as we developed a strong repertoire and understood the way we worked together. It allowed for a constant critique of our work between one another – aside from the weekly sessions with our tutors. During the final semester our project became a much more unified and collaborative singular piece. This was possible due being able to work side by side and in-person. We felt like this was the right decision, as we able to take our previous architectural fragments and combine them into one large, complex, and highly detailed proposal. Oscillating between scales, and location, allowed us to develop a deep and rich understanding of the conditions that are faced by island territories.
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
above // Exhibiton
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
above // Exhibiton
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The Agri/Aqua-cultural Guild of [De]Polderisation
[RIB] [BUTTRESS] [HUSK] [CANTILEVER] [DOUBLE] [ECONOMY] [VESSEL]
179