The official magazine of Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists and Motorcyclists
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Group Committee Members for 2007/08 This magazine was published Group President: Tommy Jardine
by the Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists.
Chair, Group Alan Jones Chief Obs
01387 820527
Vice chair, Graeme McColm Chief m/c Obs
01387 720425
For more details of our activities see our web site at:
Secretary
Helen Cameron
07707 035518
Treasurer
Russell Wears
01387 263893
www.iam.org.uk/groups/ dumfries
Minute Sec
Anne Lind
07727 913 742
Assoc Coordntr Peter Dodds
01387 261523
M/c Coordntr Andrew Bird 01387 259500 Christine Donaldson News Dist. 01576 202805 Committee
Charlie Allman Alan Dalrymple Jamie Wood Stuart Murray Noel Kelly Kevin Copeland Andy Campbell
01387 263750 01387 337322 01683 300347 07742 408638 07771 812290 07771 860106 07717 798109
To e-mail any member of the committee, please in the first instance, use the group contact e-mail address: dumfries@groups.org.uk
Contact the Group Secretary: dumfries@groups.iam.org.uk
Magazine comments and contributions to: editor@iamdumfries.f9.co.uk
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this magazine are those of the contributors and not necessarily those of the Editor, Group or the Institute of Advanced Motorists, to which the Group is affiliated. Registered Charity No. SC 023511
This magazine This magazine is published three times a year and is distributed free to members of the Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists. It is also available on-line and distributed free to many places where the public have access. The purpose of the publication is to inform readers about the activities of the Group and to stimulate thought about safe driving and riding issues especially to those readers who are undergoing or have completed a ‘Skill for Life’ driving or riding course. Back issues may be viewed on line, just go to our web site (see above).
What’s on? - check out the Events section at www.iamdumfries.org.uk 10 September: CHALLENGE NIGHT and presentation of certificates 7:30pm Dalston House Hotel, Dumfries October/November 10 PIN BOWLING v CARLISLE GROUP date to be set The programme for the coming year is currently being finalised - to find out what is happening you’ll need to visit the group web site events section. © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists 1
Dear Members and Readers It seems odd that I should be writing this report for the Autumn Magazine when we have yet to enjoy the Summer. Having said that, I was reminded recently that we had some nice weather during April and that the Winter was mild. Maybe we just have to get used to this weather pattern in the future as it seems to be the shape of things to come. Anyway, regardless of the weather, I hope you have all had a pleasant, relaxing time over the summer months. Of course there is no relaxation for our Observers. Since the last Magazine I’m pleased to say that we have had 25 car and bike Test passes. This means our Membership has received another significant boost taking us well on the way to reaching our next major target of 200 Members. This will be an outstanding achievement given that just 4 years ago we only had some 50 Members. While we mustn’t get carried away with numbers, importantly what it means in practice is that each person who passes their Advanced Test demonstrates they are safer than the average motorist or motorcyclist. Our goal remains to help make the roads of Dumfries & Galloway safer for everyone; so the more Associates we can get through the Test then the safer our roads will become. Our work with young drivers continues to be an important cornerstone of our road safety goal. I’m pleased to say that we have around 100 young people who have registered their wish to join the IAM’s Skill for Life programme. A fair percentage of these have already been enrolled as Associates and are undergoing coaching. I ask the others to please be patient - we will contact you once Observers become available - we have not forgotten about you! I don’t often single people out for special mention but I feel I have to make an exception on this occasion. Stuart Murray, who himself was an Associate this time last year, is becoming an outstanding role model for young people. He became a Group Observer in February 2007 and since then he has energised young drivers throughout the west of our region to take an interest in joining the IAM. We now have around 40 young people from Castle Douglas to Newton Stewart and beyond who have registered their desire to join our coaching scheme. This is exactly the type of organic growth both we and the IAM are trying to achieve; so well done Stuart and I for one will be pleased to see you graduate to Senior Observer in the near future. Another main area of focus for our Group is motorcycling. Scotland’s National Transport Strategy, which was published in December 2006, makes clear that overall whilst the number of people killed or seriously injured (KSI) due to accidents is improving, statistics for motorcyclists are on the increase. The Scottish Executive has pledged to address this problem. However, solving this problem is not going to be an easy task, as Greg Dyke of the IAM Motoring Trust, admitted to me recently. © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists
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There are many reports on the topic of motorcycle safety. The Scottish Executive commissioned TRL to investigate the subject and one conclusion was that increases in motorcycle casualties are closely associated with the increasing number of licenced motorcycles. The same report found for the period 19962002 the yearly increase in motorcycle KSI casualties was around 9%. A more recent report examining Risk and Motorcycling in Scotland, produced for the Scottish Executive by TRL and Napier University, showed there to have been 986 motorcyclist casualties in 2004, on Scottish roads, of which 389 fell into the KSI category. Per mile travelled, they concluded that motorcyclists are 25 times more at risk of being killed in a road traffic accident than car users. Here in Dumfries & Galloway, the figures compiled by the Police in the STATS 19 report database show a similar trend in so far as the number of road traffic accidents is increasing with the period June 2006 –June 2007 being up almost 50% on the average of the two previous years. In addition, the past year has also sadly seen 3 fatal accidents involving motorcyclists. It is against this background that your committee are determined to channel even more effort and resource into trying to reverse this trend. To this end I’m pleased to report that we have agreed to reduce the cost of the Skill for Life programme for inexperienced or “born again” motorcyclists. The recent publicity, which I hope you heard on the radio or saw on the TV, will have helped raise the public awareness to the hazards faced by motorcyclists. In addition, SouthWest Sound Radio will be launching another road safety campaign in September and we plan to feature in this, making motorcycling our theme. Our motorcycling Observers, in coordination with local Police, have run a series of evening events to attract motorcyclists where they can hear at first hand about the hazards they face. The aim of all these activities has been to engage with greater numbers of motorcyclists and to encourage them to take part in the Police Bike Safe initiative as well as to join the IAM, enrol as an Associate and become safer on the road. Both I and your committee will do everything we can to support these initiatives. As car drivers we sometimes forget just how at risk motorcyclists are, and this was brought home to me just a few months ago, when sat in my parked car, in a marked bay, a motorcyclist hit the back of my vehicle. The motorcyclist had not been at fault but he nevertheless sustained a serious disabling injury which he will have to deal with for the rest of his life. Let me conclude my report by encouraging any reader of this magazine who knows or has a loved one who rides a motorcycle for work or pleasure to contact us so that we can help make them safer. The relatively small cost of the IAM’s coaching programme is the best purchase they will ever make and it could help to change their life forever. ...... Alan Jones (Chairman) © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists 3
Another member joins our ranks David Pennycook from Dumfries was one of three bikers who passed his advanced motorcycle test on a very wet Saturday, June 16. He said about the 'Skill for Life' course: "I have been riding a wide variety of machines since I was 16. I got involved with the IAM through speaking Graeme McColm congratuto local members, and enrolled in this course.
lates David on passing his test
I found the course very enlightening, ironing out a few bad habits and giving me new techniques to use to make my riding safer and much more enjoyable. The observers were very friendly and each session was always fun. Within 8 weeks I had passed my Advance Motorcycle Test."
IAM Group Support Achievement Award (cars) 2007 Tulliallan, 14 April 2007 saw our Group’s work recognised by award of the Group Achievement Award 2007 (cars). Thanks to all who have helped make this happen. Pictured here is Stuart Murray receiving the presentation plate and cheque on behalf of the Group from Peter Rodger, IAM Chief Examiner. Peter Rodger complimented the Group on its record of increasing membership, fund raising and its initiative to put young drivers and riders through the Skill for Life programme. He also singled out the Group’s Motorcycle Section for praise noting the strong numbers going through its SfL courses.
Jamie Wood funds new radios Thanks to Jamie Wood of St Michael's Service Ltd who has provided the motorcycle section with new Observer and Associate radio kits. Pictured here is Jamie Wood presenting the equipment to Christine Donaldson.
About the Group and the IAM The Dumfries and Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists and Motorcyclists,is affiliated to the Institute of Advanced Motorists (IAM) and was founded in 1979. The IAM was formed as an independent, non profit-making organisation with the aim of improving driving standards, promoting road safety and establishing an advanced driving test. During its 50 years, it has become a recognised authority on road safety. © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists 4
Noel Kelly - from Associate to Observer I initially became interested in Advanced Driving as I thought it would be a good achievement to have “under your belt”. I then heard that a friend had recently become an Observer and it all spiralled from there. The first drive was slightly daunting and I had a lot to take in. It also highlighted a few habits I had picked up that would have to be remedied. After the initial drive it just got better and better along with the enjoyment and safety of my driving. I could see my driving style changing after each session and found it quite exciting to be driving to the same system adopted by the Police. People need to understand that it’s not about driving slowly and going out for nice Sunday drives, it really can bring enjoyment to your driving and totally opens your eyes.
Noel at Tulliallan
On the day of my test I was understandably nervous, but the Examiner, who I may add, was a pleasant down to earth chap put me at ease from the very beginning. I just applied all my newly found driving skills and incorporated them into my drive as per my usual sessions with my Observer. I was elated when I had found out I had passed, a real achievement. Since passing the test I have gone on to become an Observer myself and now have my own Associates. I have also enjoyed trips to Tulliallan Police College which has been a grand experience. I would advise any driver, who enjoys their driving, to take up the Skill for Life course as it will certainly increase their enjoyment and make for an altogether safer driver.
Procurator Fiscal passes the Advanced Driving Test During my work as Procurator Fiscal for Dumfries and Kirkcudbright, I am afraid that I saw the results of bad driving on the local roads. We have a high proportion of road traffic deaths and each case marks the waste of a life and the tragic consequences which that has for families and friends. Anything which can be done to raise the standard of driving among drivers of all ages can only help. I am convinced that the IAM approach can improve driving and help reduce the damage caused by bad driving in Dumfries and Galloway. From a personal point of view, I realised that I had picked up a number of bad habits in 25 years of driving. The Skill for Life programme has helped me to review the way I drive and take steps to get rid of my bad habits. It has not been easy, but it has been very worthwhile. John Service, former District Procurator Fiscal, Dumfries and Kirkcudbright © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists 5
Motorcycle Chief Observer’s diary I would love to say to you what a great summer we’ve had for motorcycling, so enough said about the weather then. It certainly hasn’t stopped the motorcycle section from going about its business but it certainly hasn’t helped. The main activity, as always, is the coaching of associates and my thanks go to my observer colleagues for their continuing dedication to the cause. By the time you read this we’ll have another four fully qualified observers, one of whom, Donna McCloskey is our first female observer. That will take us to three senior observers, six observers and another in training. I know many of you who have recently passed your test have expressed an interest in becoming observers, regrettably at the moment we do not envisage training any more in the foreseeable future, the exception to this would be if anyone from the West of the region comes forward or if existing observers hang up their radios. The pass rate amongst our associates remains very high and is a reflection of the hard work they and the observers put in. It is a particular pleasure when associates, who have passed, tell us how much they have enjoyed “Skill for Life” and how much it has improved their riding. We have had our first ‘big scooter’ rider pass their test recently, congratulations Robin. We continue to have our usual vast range of people and bikes, including our first Goldwing owner and we have, very recently, had enquiries from trike owners! What is a new phenomenon to us this year is trying to get associates to come out regularly, if you are an associate remember you only have a year from the point of joining to sitting your test as membership lapses thereafter and you would need to pay again, so please get in touch. As always the best form of attracting new associates to the group is by word of mouth. Donna McCloskey If you know anyone who rides a bike that hasn’t done “Skill for Life” then please talk to them about your experiences and get them to come along, even better bring them yourself. RIDESAFE THIS SUMMER has been an initiative we have been running with the Police Motorcycle Unit. It had us deliver four one hour taster presentations to anyone who chose to turn-up to see it and many thanks to those of you who did and for the positive feedback you gave us. We have tapped into a ‘new area’ in the West of region and I am confident that we'll see a number of bikers who attended presentations joining our group. I also learned how to speak into radio station microphones, a bit daunting at first but from then on the nerves © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists
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disappeared. The initiative was also promoted in local papers, TV and teletext; this is all good publicity for our group. We couldn’t have done what we have without the help of Les Kirkpatrick and Jim Cowie from the Police, Stuart Murray (group press officer), Jamie Wood of St Michaels Street Service Station, Dumfries who bankrolled the initiative and Tommy Jardine and colleagues at SouthWest Sound who have been hugely supportive in promoting RIDESAFE. One of the spin-off’s was that the Police BIKESAFE presentation on 19th August approached over subscription. The event was a rich source of information and new associates. Graham Abrines and I are going to meet with the Motorcycle Unit and their manager to discuss future joint work at some point soon. We are happy to come and give the presentation to any organised group, From the left: Graeme McColm, please get in touch if you are interested. Les Kirkpatrick and Jamie Wood
Bruce McKenzie is a name many of you may recognise. He is a SouthWest Sound radio DJ and keen motorcyclist. He is being coached by yours truly and at the time of writing I’ve had him out three times. Like most of you may remember, the first run when we explain the corner at Glencaple was a surprise to him, he couldn’t believe just how much you can learn at one corner. Bruce has been out twice more and we’ve covered observation and cornering. Again like most of you the phrases “If you don’t see it you can’t do anything about it” and “try being in a responsive gear for the next corner” were used on more than one occasion. Bruce has got a lot out of what we’ve done and is looking forward to completing the course and passing his test and will no doubt help us with publicity via his ‘Drivetime’ show during the week. The Scottish Bikeshow at Ingliston in March was snow free this year. It was our Group’s turn to host the IAM stand. It was a huge success with us signing up 87 people from across Scotland over the two days. At one point we had people queuing up to sign up. The feedback we’ve received from other groups has been very positive about not only the numbers but the way we went about it. Thanks to Andrew, Graham, Phil and Donna for all their hard work. The IAM web forum is now up and running. Many of you won’t know that the Scottish IAM motorcycle fraternity has twice yearly meetings chaired by our own Andrew Bird with the secretarial support coming from Graham Abrines. The web forum is a direct result of the work done by Andrew and another senior observer, Brian Watson from the Glasgow North group. Have a look at: www.iamforum.org/index © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists 7
Scott Anderson has been leading the development of our own dedicated bike section web site. The work still needs finalised but we hope to have it up and running shortly. This will be another way to spread the work we do in promoting motorcycle safety. We will let you know when the site is up and running, if you have any ideas don’t hesitate to pass them on to Scott. Funding the motorcycle section continues to be an issue for us and I must thank Jamie Wood from St Michaels Street Service Station for his continuing support and other local firms, Arla and Chaplecross for their donations this year. We are always grateful for regular or one off donations and if you think you can help please get in touch. I want to keep our full members involved as much as they want to be. Remember a group of full members always go out for a run every Sunday morning from St Michaels and observers are happy to take you out for a polish up session. The first Sunday of the month continues to be the section’s ride out, please come along for 10am. We will be having another curry night Members bikes at St Michaels Street in the autumn and you are always welcome Service Station for the Sunday Run at evening events run by the group. I am in the process of organising a biker’s only night at the Dalston Hotel later in September, 25th/26th or 27th, we’ll contact you via email or text and we’ll put the details on the group website: www.iamdumfries.org.uk (though if anyone turns up from the tin box section you’ll be made more than welcome). The night will consist of a variety of activities that will be both informative, participative and enjoyable, in saying that if you have any ideas for the evening please get in touch with me. I want our section to be more pro-active within the group as a whole. Many of you have voiced opinions that the group is overly car focused and there is little for bike members. I want us to work hard within the group to change this and I’d like to hear from you about any ideas you might have about how to achieve this. The potential consequence of not being able to achieve this is the very real possibility that we would not continue within the larger group beyond the AGM 2008. It is everyone’s wish that we want to continue to co-exist with the car section and to achieve this we need more help from you to be pro-active in the group. Finally I’m told the long range weather forecast is good. I hope we can all get out on our bikes and enjoy the great roads that we have in our area and beyond. As the Sergeant in Hill Street Blues used to say however, “let’s be careful out there!” ..... Cheers Graeme McColm © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists 8
Rural roads are number one for deaths and serious injuries Around two thirds of all accidents occur on rural roads; quite simply road users are more at risk on this type of road than when using motorways or urban roads. Not only that but one in four male drivers killed or seriously injured on rural roads is under the age of 25 with road collisions in general being the number one killer of people aged between 15 and 24. Our region has a high proportion of rural roads so road users in general and young drivers in particular are at greater risk than many other areas of the country. Rural roads does not just mean narrow country lanes but includes ‘main roads’ between built up areas. Overall 70% of deaths on Scotland’s roads occur on rural roads. Road users are often lulled into a false sense of security on rural roads; with less traffic it is easy to think you have a reduced risk when using this type of road. The very nature of rural roads is what brings the added risk however, as most of them have evolved over the years rather than having been designed to suit modern traffic conditions. Variable surfaces, poor cambers and alignments, restricted views, sharp bends, brows and dips etc. are all commonly found. Add to this Rural roads have multiple hazards with little things like quarrying or farming ac- margin for error if someone makes a mistake tivities which may lead to machinery emerging from barely visible entrances, and mud on the road. The problems of other traffic approaching on narrow roads or badly positioned on bends and you have special circumstances where the smallest lack of judgement can, and does, lead to death and injury. Like all things to do with driving or riding, observation and planning is key to minimising your risks on this type of road. It is not all bad however as rural roads usually have numerous clues available allowing you to get advanced warning of the road layout and other potential hazards. The key is acting on and prioritising the information and planning how to approach and deal with them - even if the results of your observation is just that your view ahead is obscured. With the risks of oncoming vehicles poorly positioned or driving too fast it is always worth monitoring the actions of other traffic closely. © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists
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New Group web site The new group web site is now up and running, why not visit? Several video clips are embedded into the site including Tommy Jardine’s interview with Alan McNish, a mini version of ‘What happens on an IAM Skill for Life Driving Course’ and a short presentation informing the viewer a little about Advanced Driving and Riding. Find it at: www.iamdumfries.org.uk or via www.iam.org.uk/groups/dumfries
Greater risks are on the way With the onset of winter driving becomes more hazardous with factors like high winds, rain, ice, snow, fog, wet leaves and dark nights becoming more likely to affect your journey. Figures from the Department For Transport showed that the worst three months of 2005 for road casualties (nearly 72,000 casualties including over 890 deaths) were January, November and December. So how can you help yourself to be safe in poor conditions? Well, below is a list of just some of the things you can do: ~Keep your vehicle maintained, including checking your tyres, don’t let them get down to the legal minimum before replacing them. Check the pressures. ~Check your lights are working and are clean. ~Keep your vehicle’s glass clean inside and out. ~Keep your washers topped up and use a screen-wash with antifreeze. ~Watch the weather and road surface conditions, recognise when your vehicle performance and stability could be affected. ~Watch out for other drivers - they may be less accomplished than you in poor conditions. ~Increase the gap between you and the vehicle in front. ~Observe, plan and drive smoothly - understand that coarse braking, steering, acceleration and gear changes can all promote skids. ~Keep your speed down. ~Allow extra journey time “it is better to arrive late than not at all”
© Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists
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Tel: 01387 267473
6B Catherinefield Industrial Estate Heathhall Dumfries DG1 3PQ
Rising motorcycle deaths The DfT latest statistics show a five per cent rise in motorcyclists killed on our roads making a total of 599 motorcycle user fatalities in 2006. The IAM said that much greater focus is needed to find engineering solutions to stop roadside features killing and maiming riders. Recent research commissioned by the IAM Trust found that: ~12–16 per cent of biker deaths involve crash barriers ~crash barriers designed to protect car occupants can kill motorcyclists ~riders hitting a barrier are 15 times more likely to be killed than car occupants ~injuries can be five times more severe when hitting roadside barriers than when hitting protected roadside objects. "It is intolerable that motorcyclists are 30 times more likely to die than car occupants on roads," said Mr Rodger, IAM Chief Examiner. "Training and enforcement are both vital. However, it is irrational and unacceptable that roadside barriers, which prevent deaths and injuries to thousands of car occupants, kill riders. The IAM Trust is committing £50K over two years to a pan-European study to look at how roads can be made much more forgiving to riders when a crash happens". © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists 11
Check your tyres Earlier this year, in response to a Parliamentary question, it was revealed that around 3,000 injury-related crashes take place each year due to vehicle defects. Of these, around 1,100 happen because of defective or under inflated tyres. It is wise to inspect the physical condition of your tyres regularly and check tyre pressures weekly to minimise these risks. A Europe wide minimum tyre tread depth for cars of 1.6mm has been in force for some years now but with changing vehicle designs and increased tyre widths some studies suggest that stopping distances in the wet, can be significantly increased once the tread depth drops below 3mm. The Department of Transport have planned research into this matter for 2007. Insurer Norwich Union has found that on rainy days there are up to 40% more road crashes. It has been shown that it can take around eight metres extra to stop from 50mph when tyres have been allowed to wear down to 1.6mm compared with a 3mm tread depth. The smart advice might be to consider changing your tyres well before they get down to the legal minimum.
The Secretary Reports - Helen Cameron Here we are again at the end of a not so hot summer. Our new season’s meetings begin in September and it would be great to see lots of new faces. I’ll be inviting our recent passes, both motorcycle and car, to attend the first meeting to receive their certificates and tee shirts. Our observers have been busy over the summer with lots of test passes. Congratulations to the following successful candidates: Fraser Sneddon, Keith Baynton, Derek Brown, David Pennycook, William Wilson, Kenny Degnan, Grant Templeman and Bob Sloan (motorcycle). David Broatch, Thelma Bouisson, Kevin Copeland, Matthew Gay, Ben Hallam, Noel Kelly, Craig Lavan, Kenneth Lockhead, Matthew McKernan, Carene McKnight, Gina Roussell, John Service and Neil Whitelaw (car). It’s great to report that a few of our recent passes have decided to train as observers. The £10 group fee is due now, the committee would be grateful if you please pay it as soon as possible. We do not intend to send out reminders or make telephone calls, so if you are a current member or joined the group before April 2007 renewal fees are due now. This will be the last magazine you receive if you do not re join. Each year the treasurer spends hours chasing up members and we feel this should not be necessary. We have had a big publicity event for new motorcycle members over July and August so hopefully we will have more bike passes before the winter sets in. If any present member feels they could help to guide associates by training to become an observer then please mark the renewal form as such and I will get in touch with you. I look forward to seeing you at our group meetings. © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists 12
Crossflags At Crossflags we strive to create the best customer experience in the area. Please come and see us when you are considering your next vehicle purchase. York House, Annan Road, Dumfries DG1 3AW 01387 253473 Fax: 01387 253472 www.crossflags.co.uk
What’s different about our method of driving or riding?
We advocate using the ‘Planned System of Driving or Riding’. Just because you don’t use our System doesn’t necessarily make you an unsafe driver or rider. What our method gives you is a means of driving or riding in a consistently safe, systematic way which leaves nothing to chance. Our method will not help you drive or ride through a hazard, say a bend, at the fastest possible physical speed but when perfected it should help you progress through it at the fastest speed while at the same time maintaining stability and maximising safety. Our invitation to you:
Get
in CONTROL
We exist to promote road safety and improved driving and riding standards to motorists and motorcyclists throughout Dumfries and Galloway, by providing Advanced Driving and Riding courses. Whether you are an experienced driver or rider, or newly qualified, why not find out how we can help you to get in, and stay in control on the road? If you are interested in improving your skills, even if you have completed an Advanced course in the past, then why not find out how we can help you. To find out how we can help you to help yourself e-mail or call the Secretary (07707 035518), or visit our web site - it’s a ‘Skill for Life’
& stay in CONTROL
DUMFRIES & GALLOWAY GROUP OF ADVANCED MOTORISTS & MOTORCYCLISTS Registered Charity in Scotland No. SC 023511
© Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists
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‘Sustained rev’ aka ‘rev matched’ gear changes ‘Sustained rev’ gear changes are used to effect a smooth downward change. It is often a difficult concept to understand and even harder to carry out. The term would probably be better called ‘sustained throttle’ but in practice it has often to be modified slightly from the true theoretical meaning of the phrase. In ideal conditions if a vehicle’s throttle is set to maintain a constant speed and the throttle ‘is sustained’, i.e. kept at the same opening, whilst the clutch is depressed the engine revs will increase as the load comes off the engine. If you move the gear lever across the gate through neutral and take the next lower gear with practised timing you can engage that gear when the engine revs become matched for the road speed in that new gear. The method can be used to block change down (say 4th to 2nd) but here you would have to move the gear stick more slowly to allow the revs to rise further and probably you would have to increase the revs slightly, with a little increased throttle pressure, to get the match between the road speed and the new gear. You can see straight away that in this case neither ‘sustained rev’ nor ‘sustained throttle’ is an accurate description but rather ‘rev matched’ may better correctly describe the method, although for our advanced guidance purposes all tend to come under the banner of ‘sustained rev’ gear changes. © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists 15
For the technically minded amongst you yes of course every car is different, engine characteristics and closeness of the gear ratios etc will all affect timings and any need for additional throttle pressure. Only practice will help you effectively carry out the ‘sustained’ gear change in any particular vehicle. So why do we advocate this type of gear change? Like every thing we do in advanced driving we are trying to be safe, systematic and minimise risks. Some of the major reasons skids start are coarse - braking, acceleration, steering and gear changing. Every time you carry out a manual gear change power to the driven wheels is removed - then re-engaged, so potentially increasing the risk of starting a skid if you are less than smooth when travelling over a poor surface for instance. Added to this are the increased risks if the gear change is carried out whilst actively steering and/or braking. That is why the System specifies that Position (steering) is dealt with before Speed (braking), in turn and before Gear (gear changing). We only have two feet but three pedals so it is essential that the braking phase has been completed before changing gear; in that way the right foot is off the brake and available to operate the throttle for a ‘sustained (aka matched rev)’ gear change. What exactly do you have to do to perfect this desired type of gear change? Well simply you have to ensure the engine revs are matched to the correct engine revs for any particular road speed before you re-engage the clutch. If you have a look at the table below you’ll see for a hypothetical diesel car (yours will be different) the engine revs are shown at particular road speeds. Gear ↓ 30mph 40mph 50mph 60mph Lets say the vehicle is traveling at 1800 2400 3000 3600 60mph in 5th gear towards a bend. 3 The driver decides 5th gear is no 4 1275 1700 2125 2550 longer appropriate so in order to 5 1300 1625 1950 achieve more control over his vehicle he decides to change from 5th to 4th Table of engine revs (rpm) at various road speed/gear combinations at the advanced warning sign before the bend but he does not need to slow down. After carrying out his observations, considering his position and confirming his speed is still OK he dips the clutch, moves the gear stick through the gate into 4th gear position whilst ‘sustaining’ (at the same throttle opening) the accelerator. He times the action to re-engage the clutch once the engine revs have reached the required revs for the new gear/road speed, in this case an increased from 1950 to 2550 rpm. In reality you may need to ‘feather’ the accelerator especially if you are block changing say at a roundabout (once you see it is clear to go). You do not need to look at the rev counter as you change gear although a quick glance may be useful when first practicing - but only do so on a clear road with few hazards. © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists
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INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT for the period ended 30 April 2007 INCOME £ 2007 Membership Subscriptions 1540.00 Course Fees 1123.00 Bank Account Interest 76.06 Sale of R’craft, H’way Code & PYADT 88.00 Refund of SGA Travel Expenses 37.00 Newsletter Sponsorship 1070.00 Gift Aid 135.38 Sale of DVDs etc 460.30 Payment for Post & Packing of DVDs etc 13.20 Income from Raffle 50.00 Donations 55.00 CSP/LAF Award 3250.00 D&GC Sponsorship of M/C sign - St Michael SS 300.00 Skill for Life Payment 85.00 50th Anniversary funding from IAM HQ 500.00 Refund of M/C Conference Exp 153.40 Young Drivers sponsorship - DA Autos 650.00 Young Drivers sponsorship - Amey 650.00 Young Drivers sponsorship - Hal McGhie 650.00 Police funding for Mini Hibernian 60.00 Refund of Scottish M/C Forum expenses 50.00 SFL Funding from Procurator Fiscal 170.00 SFL Funding from D&GC K’bt 690.00 Sale of “Cool” T Shirts 20.00 Westsound Advert funding from IAM HQ 300.00 Donation from Arla Foods 250.00 IAM Group Award NIL Manoeuvrability Competition Entry Fees NIL Refund of Conference Delegate Fee NIL DGCP Web Page Link NIL Newsletter of Year Award NIL Treasure Hunt income NIL Unpresented cheque NIL 12426.34 EXPENDITURE £ Chairman’s Expenses NIL Secretary’s Expenses 88.50 Course/Observer Co-ordinator Expenses 18.80 Treasurer’s Expenses 2.10 Group Meeting Expenses 215.00 Course Expenses - Room Rent 45.00 Insurance 52.50 SGA Affiliation Fees 44.78 Gifts/Prizes 135.00 Stamps 403.17 Newsletter Photocopying 1293.38 SGA Travel Expenses 37.00 Senior Observer Test Fee 30.00 Catering for Quiz /Awards Night 45.00 DVD etc production costs 266.49 Motorcycle Safety Vests 233.83 Conference Expenses 153.40 SNIGA Delegate Fee 36.00 Catering for AGM 20.00 Motorcycle Communication Equipment 103.45 Stationery 57.85 Video Camera Kit 48.99 Polo Shirts 526.46 M/C Forum Delegate Expenses 29.16 CSP/LAF SFL Payments 3250.00 SFL Payment 795.00 Stand Fees at Shows 92.50 IAM 50 Badges 42.00 IAM 50 Presentation / Catering 605.25 Continued on next page
2006 1119.50 629.50 35.60 42.00 37.00 650.00 95.90 367.00 11.20 17.00 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 150.00 19.00 38.50 150.00 150.00 20.00 7.98 3540.18 NIL 23.50 8.50 2.50 180.00 60.00 50.00 27.54 70.88 173.86 721.50 37.00 120.00 60.00 56.87 101.05 16.97 38.50 12.50 32.43 19.56 204.46 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL
© Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists 17
Display stand return costs Printing of Hi Vis Vests Plastic Display Dispensers Minibus Hire Group Stamper Poster Printing costs Catering for DCM Visit Scottish M/C Forum Expenses Printer Cartridge “Cool” Logo’d T Shirts DVD Duplicator Westsound Advert Software for Website & Newsletter Entry in Yellow Pages Marker Boards for M/C Observers Group Sign @ St Michaels SS Motorcycle Radios Group Mobile Phone Purchase of Trophy (2) Highway Code PYADT Business Card Templates Daily Mail Advert
81.70 130.43 23.00 64.46 17.50 35.88 30.65 50.00 14.99 362.50 321.36 352.50 74.90 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 10230.48
NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 59.93 19.95 340.75 773.87 59.99 90.00 32.30 89.89 6.00 26.50 3516.80
Bank Balance at 30 April 2005 1968.71 Bank Balance at 30 April 2006 1992.09 1992.09 Bank Balance at 30 April 2007 4187.95 Funds Surplus at 30 April 2006 23.38 Funds Surplus at 30 April 2007 2195.86 Membership of the Dumfries Group of Advanced Motorists was 154 for the year ended 30 April 2007. These accounts were approved on 13 April 2007 as a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s affairs.
Membership renewal It’s time to renew your membership for the forthcoming year. Included with this magazine is the renewal form, if applicable to you. If you’ve not already completed a Gift Aid Declaration please do - it provides significant help to us. If you have completed the Declaration in the past it is still valid so there’s no need to complete that section again. The Inland Revenue remind those who have completed a Gift Aid Declaration that they must continue to pay income tax or CGT each year in excess of the value of the Gift Aid benefit for it to remain valid - otherwise let our Treasurer know.
What’s the point? Here is an example of a less common type of limit point. The limit of forward vision on this road is controlled by an overhanging tree. The safe way of approaching this hazard is to treat it as any other limit point, that is: ensure you can stop, safely and comfortably on your side of the road, in the distance you can see to be clear. © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists 18
O B S E R V E R’ S C O R N E R
This section is intended to help when considering the best course of action. It is up to every driver to actively assess each scenario.
BGOL, BHOL and GHOL Hopefully most readers are familiar with the term BGOL (brake/gear overlap) but we tend not to frequently use the terms BHOL (brake/hazard overlap) or GHOL (gear/hazard overlap). Instead we generally just suggest that braking and gear changing needs to be completed before reaching the hazard. Consider the approach to the hazard in this photograph. In this case it is a righthand bend. There is also approaching traffic we need to keep our eye on. Following other traffic towards such a hazard will frequently, if not invariably reveal a method of dealing with the hazard which is not as safe as it could be. Just study such a situation next time you follow traffic at a bend and you won’t have to wait long before witnessing BHOL i.e. overlapping the braking with the hazard - watch their brake lights. The car in the photo is just such an example of braking on a bend This will likely be followed by GHOL (changing gear on the bend), proceeding around the bend in too high a gear or maybe a lower gear was taken before braking. All these are ‘non system’ faults, the Examiner will be on the look out for these, as all of them can compromise the balance and safety of your vehicle. It is much safer to have completed your braking and taken a new appropriate gear (if needed) before reaching the hazard. In this way you can have both hands on the wheel whilst braking then only needing to take a hand off the wheel for a gear change before you need to turn. As you actively turn into the hazard you have both hands available for steering and your right foot is ready to apply a little throttle to maximise the balance through the bend. Sometimes you will have to brake on a curve but if so then plan to brake earlier and more gently. See also the following article about stability and balance. © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists 20
Are you stable and well balanced? Most drivers will recognise that accelerating hard or braking hard whilst steering makes a vehicle harder to control and increases the risk of losing steering control. A vehicle is at its most stable when moving on a level, smooth surface, in a straight line and at a constant speed. Any act of braking, accelerating or steering will affect the dynamic stability of the vehicle. Changes in the road surface such as camber, distressed surfacing, pot holes etc also will have an affect on vehicle stability. Ultimately there is only a finite amount of grip available from the tyres and this varies with the situation. Tyre grip has to be shared between steering, braking and acceleration. If a situation demands more grip be used for braking then less will be available for steering. When all the available grip is used your vehicle may run wide, take longer to stop or skid. Exactly what happens to a vehicle depends on the situation and what safety features are fitted e.g ABS, electronic stability control, electronic differential lock etc. Even if you have all the available technology fitted it won’t stop you crashing, at best it can only assist you to recover from a ‘sticky’ situation - but only if there is room to do so. It would be much better not to get in that ‘sticky’ situation in the first place. WEI
GHT
Accelerating
WEI
W
GHT
Braking
WEIG HT Steering
EI GH T
Braking & steering
A vehicle only has a finite amount of tyre grip. The weight distribution changes as the vehicle accelerates, brakes or steers. This affects the handling and dynamic balance of the vehicle. The exact effect depends on the vehicle attributes and outside influences. (Not shown above is the combination of acceleration and steering where the weight is moved towards the outside rear)
Given that we can’t travel everywhere in optimum conditions it is important, if we want to maximise safety, to look out for the various factors which might affect the drive and plan for them before we get there. When accelerating (or braking) the weight distribution moves to the rear (or forwards) hence the vehicle becomes less stable as it is no longer in the most stable condition. In the case of steering and at the same time braking or accelerating the forces on the vehicle are no longer symmetrical, the weight transferring to one corner - thus the vehicle becomes even more unbalanced. Once this is understood we can see that ideally we do not want to be accelerating or braking at the same time as steering. © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists 21
This premise needs a little refinement however as we should consider what happens as a vehicle travelling at a constant speed turns into a corner. As the vehicle turns the tyres scrub their way across the road surface and these frictional forces will cause the vehicle to slow down. Using acceleration sense to slow down in terms of the change of weight distribution has the same effect as active braking i.e. the weight moves towards the front, but as the vehicle is also steering the weight will move toward the front outside of the corner. We have already established that this leads to a more unbalanced state. In order to maximise the vehicle stability we should apply a little acceleration to counterbalance the effect of the cornering forces. The accelerator needs to be used with care just to maintain our speed as we do not want to accelerate and so cause the weight distribution to move to the rear, we just want to maintain balance through the bend. Obviously to use the accelerator we need to be in an appropriate gear before we start steering. All this fits in with the ‘Planned System of Driving’ by ensuring any slowing or braking (speed phase) is completed before selecting the gear (gear phase) and both completed before steering and using the accelerator (acceleration phase). This will maximise the stability of the vehicle as it corners. So to maintain balance and maximise stability we need to: ~Consider and adopt the best position on approach. ~Start slowing with ‘acceleration sense’ (foot off gas) then braking if necessary. ~Complete speed reduction with both hands on the wheel wherever possible. ~Feather off the brakes. ~Then take the new gear if appropriate using a sustained rev method. All before you reach the bend or other hazard - then: ~ Steer progressively and precisely using both hands (pull/pull on open road). ~Apply a little pressure to the accelerator to maintain speed and balance. ~Apply progressive accelerator pressure at or near the end of the bend to recover lost speed. Maintaining balance also exerts maximum vehicle sympathy and comfort to passengers. All it takes is practice, quite a lot of practice! It might help you to remember when cornering to ‘ease then squeeze’ the accelerator. © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists 22
Finding a safe place to stop Drivers are not allowed to stop on the hard shoulder of a motorway except in an emergency and if you do have to stop you are advised to exit the vehicle on the nearside and move away from the vehicle because of the risk that it may be struck from behind. But have you thought about the risk of being struck from behind when stopping on other types of road? The AA Motoring Trust investigated the dangers associated with stopping on high speed dual carriageways i.e. non-motorways such as the A74 south of Gretna, now being upgraded. The results of their investigations highlight the dangers of stopping on such roads and indeed also probably carry a message about using lay-bys on other types of road too. Some of their findings were: ~A vehicle stopped on a dual carriageway (non motorway) is 100 times more at risk of being struck from behind than one stopped in a lay-by. ~A vehicle stopped alongside a high-speed dual carriageway is 15 times more likely to be rammed than one stopped on the hard shoulder of the M1 motorway. ~1 in 8 fatal accidents on such dual carriageways involved stationary vehicles. ~A survey of fatal accidents involving stopped vehicles on a dual carriageway showed that 60 per cent happen in a lay-by. There are two types of lay-bys on dual carriageways, new type ‘protected’ ones and older style ‘unprotected’ ones. Protected lay-bys are wider and parked vehicles are protected from the running lanes by a kerbed island. Drivers typically drift into unprotected lay-bys through fatigue, drink, distraction, inattention and misreading the lay-by as the main carriageway. So how can you decide the safest Typical protected lay-by - note the debris on the road surface in the braking area! place to stop? Service areas are safer but if you must stop in a lay-by then avoid unprotected lay-bys if possible and park close to the left-hand edge of the lay-by. Don’t stay in the lay-by longer than necessary, use parking lights at night for roads where the speed limit is greater than 30mph (Highway Code Rule 223). © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists
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Be patient and very cautious when rejoining the main carriageway – the distance provided for acceleration is short and you could be joining fast moving traffic. When you do stop, by using your planning skills you may be able to position your vehicle to allow a little extra distance for acceleration once Unprotected lay-by on right hand bend, just you set off again. before a junction, in rain, at dusk. Could you Don’t chose a lay-by on a right hand find somewhere better to stop?
bend or on the approach to a junction as there is a greater potential for an approaching driver to become confused by the road layout and drive into the lay-by at speed!
Bikers warned of leg circulation risk (source: IAM.org.uk) As many as half of the UK’s estimated 1.2 million motorcycle riders could be risking leg problems because of blood flow restrictions caused by the riding position, the IAM’s annual biker conference heard on 16 June 2007. "Bikers risk having blood from their legs redirected to the superficial veins, the ones near the surface of the skin, causing extra pressure that can lead to problems in later life," said speaker Ellie Lindsay, Chair of The Lindsay Leg Club Foundation. She advised that motorcyclists must be aware of the signs that venous blood flow is being impaired by the riding position and riding gear. These include: red patches of skin between the knee and ankle, or redness and skin depression as a result of constriction from clothing. IAM Chief Examiner Peter Rodger responded to the presentation by advising that the solution is to consider taking a break from riding every two hours or so, in order to flex the calves and ankles. "It’s good to take a break for all sorts of reasons. As a regular rider, I know that concentration starts to dip after about two hours. Even if we feel mentally alert when we are riding, that doesn’t mean the whole body is functioning at its best. So a short walk around to ‘stretch the legs’ is refreshing and essential for circulation purposes.”. "Compression socks/hosiery to aid the blood returning to the heart is a key part of dealing with the problem", said Mr Rodger. "Wearing a leg support underneath the leathers can avoid long-term circulation problems such as DVT (deep vein thrombosis)". Deep vein thrombosis is a potentially life-threatening clot occurring in a major vein, often the lower limb, as a result of restricted venous blood flow. © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists
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Stay sharp on bends (source: IAM.org.uk) Have you ever found yourself braking in a bend simply because it was sharper than you originally thought? If you have then you should consider how you actually go about assessing the severity of bends, because if you get it wrong, the consequences are potentially serious. It is not just novice drivers who get caught out on the bends though in the jargon, it is here that most "single vehicle accidents" take place. There are a number of clues we can take from the environment to help us. The most obvious are the road signs and markings, but there are other less obvious ones: the line of the trees, hedges, buildings, street lights or telegraph poles: although remember that sometimes telegraph poles run through fields, so don’t rely on them solely as an indication of the route ahead. The actual width of the road can be a factor because the narrower it is, the less space you have to manoeuvre. Skid marks on the road are an indication of past mistakes. The position and speed of other traffic can also provide you with valuable information. Another particularly useful way of assessing a bend is to use the limit point analysis. The limit point is the furthest point which you can see, i.e. where the left and right hand sides of the road meet. To use this technique simply ask yourself is it getting further away? If it is and you can see further ahead, then your speed should be fine. On the other hand if it is getting closer, then you could continue to reduce speed until the limit point begins to move with you and your view opens up again. This technique takes a bit of practice but it will help you to link your speed with your range of vision and allow you to stop in the distance seen to be clear.
Video on demand (see www.iamdumfries.org.uk) As well as hosting videos our group web site can also get you access to other short web video productions on the subject of road use. Have a look at the ‘Latest news headlines’ section of the homepage where a selection of links can be found - they all worked at time of publication. The editor recommends riders and drivers to watch ‘A Day Out in Devon’. © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists 25
Making sense of acceleration
(IAM Driving Tip No. 27)
Fuel consumption and the environmental benefits of advanced driving techniques go hand in hand. Key to both is “acceleration sense”. One question you might ask yourself is: “What is the delay time between you lifting your foot off the accelerator and applying the brake?” Acceleration sense is about how you vary your foot pressure on the accelerator pedal so you don’t have to brake. Surprisingly to some, one of the pillars of fuel efficient driving is accelerating briskly to a safe cruising speed. A good test for fuel efficient driving is to imagine yourself somewhere that allows you to achieve an average speed between 30mph and 50mph, where you may need to brake regularly. Then increase that delay time: the longer you can avoid braking the more you are using the momentum you’ve built up. It means thinking a bit further ahead of where you are. Most drivers tend to go straight from accelerator to brake – and that is when fuel consumption suffers. Another example: imagine we are in town approaching a roundabout. Where do you want the vehicle ahead of you to be when you reach the roundabout? The more skilful you become at timing, the more fuel efficient you will be. It’s much better if the vehicle ahead is moving into the roundabout when you arrive. And lastly, think long and hard about that overtake. Not only do you have to be entirely sure you can get past safely (important, to put it mildly) there is also the possibility that you are not gaining much in journey time. Advanced driving is all about thinking ahead, sometimes further than you can see; and it’s not fuel efficient driving if the driver you overtake is still right behind you when you reach the next urban area. © Dumfries & Galloway Group of Advanced Motorists & Motorcyclists 26
New Associate Handbook available on line An updated version of the Associate Handbook for car drivers is now available from the Group web site. Go to: www.iamdumfries.org.uk; look for the Guidance Pages. You’ll need the password ‘ assocbookaut07 ‘ which will work until mid September. Thereafter you’ll need to get the updated password from the Secretary. You can use this address to take you directly there: www.iamdumfries.org.uk/AssocGuideAut07WebQuality.pdf
Free Membership offer Any Member introducing an Associate who goes on to take the IAM Test will have free membership of the Group the following year. The committee encourage you to let friends and relatives know about us and what we do.
Sponsors wall Want to find out which companies and organisations support what we do? Have a look at the Group web site homepage where you will find the Sponsors Wall - and there will always room for more!
T-shirts Young persons who pass the advanced test through us are given a T-shirt carrying the relevant logo shown here, this will soon be extended to all who pass. T-shirts can be purchased by any group member for only £5. Just ask Helen Cameron. IAM Driving Tips and Factsheets- there are dozens of driving and riding tips available to view on line, some have been reproduced in this magazine. They cover a wide range of issues just go to the IAM web site: www.iam.org.uk Recent IAM News Releases all available at: www.iam.org.uk New IAM Chairman elected - David Kenworthy
July 07
Parking patrols could curb road tax and insurance dodgers says IAM
July 07
Rise in motorcycle deaths a worry says IAM
June 07
Bikers warned of leg circulation risk (see page 24 of this magazine)
June 07
Sky says "on yer bike" in IAM cycling move
June 07
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