design process
Interior of Westend City Center (largest shopping mall in Eastern Europe), north of ministry site
GOULASH DEMOCRACY AND THE ARCHITECTURE OF NEW CAPITAL DESIGN PROCESS 2008 B. Arch Thesis Daniel Toole Professor Hajo Neis University of Oregon
CONTENTS 4 Programming 6 Theory: 3 Paradigms 24 Midterm Design Process 28 Midterm Model 35 Final Design Process 41 Final Diagrams 43 Final Plans 45 Final Sections 49 Final Images
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PROGRAMMING With the sole purpose of a typical Ministry building being office space, I approached the atypical spaces of the project. Beginning by trying to understand the staff, then creating new programs, then using my experiences to generate assumptions... MINISTRY VERSUS PUBLIC BUILDING ASSUMPTIONS
A good public building
A ministry building
is fun is big is open has lots of offices has large spaces that are loud is tall is colorful is near a city is memorable has computers is engaging has places for groups to gather allows everyone to use it is secure has things fun to look at is intimidating is a spectacle is closed announces itself to passerby has no kids has high ceilings is not coloured brightly has columns sometimes is HUGE has different colored people is repeptitive has different aged people is a symbol has spaces for many different groups sizes is souless is social has a flag outside makes the city better is fresh is clean has places where you can see others below/above feels like you’re outside has friendly people working in it has recognizable components has different spaces for different programs has kids in it has exhibits/information has the internet has computers has public bathrooms has places to check out people has places to gather large audiences is a park has wireless
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offices minister
public
community center
auditorium
multi-purpose/ exhibition
departments
2500
secretaries 4000
additional staff
dancehouse
creche 2500
1200
amenities
restaraunt 600
1200
minister 200
senior state secretary executive cabinet
160
160
kozjogi + coordination department 160 state
local government + housing 160 department
college secratariate
college secratariate
college
minister's secratariate
minister's cabinet
160
department human resources 160 and civil relations
160
press and communication 160 department cabinet
minister's cabinet
160
state college
160
department 160
department
160
department 160
department
department
college secratariate
college secratariate
state college
160
160
160
regional development +building 160 department
sport + strategy department
department
sport administration department 160
160
160
tourism department state college
college secratariate
tourism department
160
160
160
ministry secretary's secratariate 160
parliamentary secretariate
160
department 160
secretary 160
sport department state college
160
160
secretary
regional development +building 160 department
office 160
160
secretary 160
secretary 160
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DISTILLING THEORY After researching the current state of the nation, ministry, and context, I began picking specific goals and paradigms to address and operate within.
+
=
constructivist criticism critical constructivism
Combine the social/political impact on form with a sense of place. 6
PARADIGMS
1 Capitalism’s effect on the post-communist metropolis 2 The conflict between city and nation in space 3 The role of contemporary bureaucracy
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PARADIGM 1 The proliferation of the shopping mall within the former communist bloc countries’ urban fabric has created a unique extension of public space that only 20 years ago would have been impossible. Consumerism affects the city.
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PROCESS
Begin by distributing major public program elements across the site
Introduce slabs with atria for commercia/ministerial corridors and a food court
Add social housing and get shopping for democracy
CAPITALISM’S EFFECT ON THE POST-COMMUNIST METROPOLIS!
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PARADIGM 2 The continual growth of foreign investment and EU attention has created a greater and greater conflict between Budapest and the rest of
the country’s regions. Financial, political, and cultural clout make Budapest the most important locus in the nation, however the move to centralize all federal ministries creates a great conflict worth exploring architecturally.
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PROCESS capital
COUNTIES
BU
Miskolc
Gyor
Debrecen Veszprem
Pecs
Szeged
REGIONAL CENTERS
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THE CONFLICT OF REGION VERSUS NATION!
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PARADIGM 3 The role of bureaucracy in the urban and social fabric is typically ominous in Hungary, and most other cultures. Re-examining the roles,
expression of, and technological processes related lead to two distinct inquiries. The first, was an analysis of the form of three existing ministries from different political and architectural eras, the buildings’ response to the urban fabric, and the adjacency to public space. The second inquiry questioned the role of digital public space, or the internet and its effects on bureaucracy, inspiring a media wall where simulcasted events in the building create a new transparency to the outside. The building is also considered as an online event where you can access all gathering spaces at any time in c-span manner allowing for a democratic voyeurism for any citizen with a want to see. “...it is permissible to take up the subject of the new roles of the technician, of the organizer of building activity,, and of the planner within the compass of the new forms of capitalist development.”
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- Manfredo Tafuri
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PROCESS
year constructed: 1890s government: originally ministry of justice notes: built in eclectic style not choosing one style in particular but using a mix of values to give texture and techtonics to building in classical manner.
arcade implies building is open from all sides both street and public space in front
Scale of building occupies entire block whereas surroundings are composites of buildings. So a scale of the block, creating a perceptual scale different than that of the city around it (sans- Parliament).
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PROCESS
year constructed: 1939 government: interwar notes: This was initially office of the Post and telephone company administration. Built in modern style and detailing but with classical monumentality brought about by breaking down the form in elevation and in plan to components including the awning with the propylaea of Hungarian folk heroes. icons relate massive modern building to nation/public monumental scale still plays role of dispersing the internal functions perceptually. The bottom is open towards the sidewalk at this time
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The piece jutting out over where the Post office used to be indicates public space as it perceptually offers shelter and meets the sidewalk. This implies a degree of publicness and counters the grid of rationalism.
year constructed: 1950 government: postwar, before Stalinization notes: initially trade union of builders built in modern style with large columns and v-bracing that warranted criticism as being formalist. Again, here the base meets the street with no barrier, expressing publicness on the northern elevation. The form of the building is the most intimidating in the way it meets the city due to its mass.
The auditorium is in the back and spaces were used for dancing and other cultural uses. There is communist propaganda on the auditorium back wall signifying use as Builder’s Union perceivable from South.
Propaganda as ornament 19
PROCESS How could the architecture become a world-wide simulcast? Simulcasted events from all spaces of the building are accessible by navigating the architecture as its own site.
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combine...
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THE NEW ARCHTECTURE OF HUNGARIAN BUREAUCRACY?!!
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MIDTERM DESIGN PROCESS After deciding to pursue the bureaucracy and regional conflicts, the design began to emerge as a series of paths contained within a
larger office block. This first iteration began to carve space to accomodate the ramps. Each of the ramps had their own entry or terminus containing some form of public space. The design was picked from a series of investigations including program placement, urban response, plaza forming, and the notion of a gateway to the government buildings behind it. The study of each region and its specific folk arts, flora, geographic, and cultural traits began with this iteration of the ministry.
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MIDTERM DESIGN PROCESS
NORTHERN GREAT PLAIN
Sweep-pole wells and grazing herds of cattle break occasionally the monotonous landscape of the puszta grasslands. Szatmรกrcseke boat-shaped gravemarkers and the Black pottery center of Hungary in Nadudvar, floral prints in church at Csaroda.
Debrecen
CENTRAL TRANSDANUBIA
Ajka glass factory with rich spun and cut glass pieces that is 200 years old and still continuing to produce. Lately it has been focused on the production of laminated glass. Kluge blue-dye museum showcases the blue dying techniques of a family. Herend ceramics are exquisite. Turkey oakforests and valley are gateway to Lake Balaton where protected tartar bread plant lives.
Szekesfehervar
WESTERN TRANSDANUBIA
Reeds, muddy areas, and open water gives home to around 260 bird species. Other animals and plant life also thrives in this wildly beautiful waterland which is part of the Fert -Hansรกg National Park. Towns around the lake date back to medieval times (Balf, Hegyk ).
Miskolc Gyor
Debrecen
Szekesfehervar
Gyor
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Pecs
Szeged
NORTHERN HUNGARY
Mountain streams, forests, cattle, the highest point in Hungary, thyme, Paloc embroidery, former center of heavy industry, Baradla Cave system at Aggtelek, Mezรถkรถvesd is home of the Matyo people and their embroideries
Miskolc Kiskunhalas fine lace and folkdancing
SOUTHERN GREAT PLAIN Szeged
SOUTHERN TRANSDANUBIA
Wall painting (Pingรกlรกs) Wall-painting is done with simple paint in pulverized form mixed with milk. The art of wall-painting can be found in Hungary only in Kalocsa and its region. According to contemporary descriptions the women decorated the upper part of the whitewashed walls of rooms and kitchens with streaks in many colors and painted colorful flowers on them. Also the oven made of mud and whitewashed was richly decorated. Similar decorations were applied under the eves too. At first, they painted plain tiny floral design on this streaks, later the decorated surface grew in dimension and the motives became richer. The oldest and most favored decorations are the rose and tulip, but beside them also many other flowers appear in the brilliantly painted wreathes -- the lily, pansy, forget-me-not, carnation, snapdragon, foxglove, lilac, poppy, cornflower, black locust blossom, rosemary etc.-- and even the birds appear. The rich decorative art of the painting women has no match of its kind. They like fiery and brilliant colors. the woman of Kalocsa paint without any preliminary sketch, with steady hand and inexhaustible imagination the most wonderful flowers on the wall, and their art--which is one of the most beautiful sprout of woman's artistry--attracts many admirers.
Sunshine 2100 hours a year?
Virgin forests, wide open spaces, and little valleys between softly curved hills bearing tall poplars. The Zsolnay factory that invented pyrogranite building accessories, and the Mohacs festival.
Pecs
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MIDTERM DESIGN PROCESS: MODEL
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MIDTERM DESIGN PROCESS: RAMP CULTUR AND PATTERNS
Szeged
Kiskunhalas fine lace and folkdancing
Virgin forests, wide open spaces, and little vallyers between softly curved hills.
SOUTHERN TRANSDANUBIA
Debrecen
NORTHERN GREAT PLAIN
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Pecs
SOUTHERN GREAT PLAIN
Sunshine 2100 hours a year?
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MIDTERM DESIGN PROCESS: PLANS AND RENDERINGS
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THE NEW MINISTRY IS HERE!!!!
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FINAL DESIGN PROCESS After the presentation of the midterm design, a refining process of the trajectories and the programmatic layout of the building took
place. The notion of path, ramps, or trajectories was tested in an iteration of 3d models to find the best tension and architectural clarity for the final design. Additionally, the introduction of a post-tensioned concrete frame to roughly the same standard of US Embassies abroad was introduced. The study of the individual patterns and materials was brought to a more mature level. The final design carries elements from the very beginning of research and the paradigms researched prior, specifically the conflict of the region with the nation, and the lineage of government office buildings and their expression in the capital.
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PROGRAM AND URBAN CONTEXT RECONSIDERED
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REGIONS AS SLICES AND SHARED CENTER
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CONTINUOUS PATH. PLAZA VOIDS. GATEWAY. INDIVIDUAL PATHS.
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FINAL DESIGN PROCESS: DIAGRAMS
EU
HU
NEW EUROPE
REGIONS 41
NATION
CENTERS
TENSION
SUPERIMPOSE
EXTEND
PATHS 42
FINAL DESIGN: PLANS
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3
4
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1 2
GROUND FLOOR 1 2 3 4 5
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PLAZA CONGRESS HALL GALLERY SPACE TANZ HAZ REGIONAL GARDEN
1 2 1
3
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
SECOND FLOOR
FOURTH FLOOR
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
OFFICE CONFERENCE GALLERY SPACE COMPUTER LABS
OFFICE WIRELESS LOUNGE GALLERY SPACE COMPUTER LABS
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2
3
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6 1
2 1 4
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1
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THIRD FLOOR 1 OFFICE 2 CONFERENCE 3 GALLERY SPACE
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FIFTH FLOOR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DOCUMENT ARCHIVES AND RESEARCH LIBRARY THINK TANK SPACE CONFERENCE HALL LOCAL CLINIC AND THERAPY CENTER CAFETERIA AND BAR ROOF TERRACE GALLERY DISPLAY
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FINAL DESIGN: TRANSVERSE SECTIONS
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FINAL DESIGN: LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS
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CENTRAL TRANSDANUBIA Szekesfehevar On the cusp of the Balaton, this region is moist and green. The nation’s finest glass manufacturer, Ajka creates a a fantastic transparent path through the building offering galleries and access to the library at its terminus.
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WESTERN TRANSDANUBIA Gyor As the gateway to the West, this region takes on the character of consumerism. A massive escalator with a media wall projecting all current news from around the world begins the path. A wireless lounge offers a perch to check one’s email before continuing on to the think tank at the top of the path that looks to the EU and capitalism (with one of the world’s largest McDonald’s literally in view of the platform below).
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NORTHERN GREAT PLAIN Debrecen Sweep-pole wells and grazing herds of cattle break occasionally the monotonous landscape of the puszta grasslands. This ramp leads through a series of computer labs open to the public in honor of the educational center of the nation outside of Budapest. A mediation chapel lies at the end of the path for mediation and escape from work. Black pottery from the village of Nadudvar creates the material experience.
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SOUTHERN GREAT PLAIN Szeged Deep in the south, this is the sunniest region and has a very unique cultural heritage. This path is as transparent as possible in order to extend the light it receives to the rest of the building. The material of the enclosure mimics the patterns of the famed lace manufacturers in Kiskunhalas. A parabolic roof form allows light to refract deeper into the slabs.
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SOUTHERN TRANSDANUBIA Pecs Set as the next European Union capital of culture, this region has an immense level of cultural value to Hungary. The Zsolnay porcelain factory will work on this path that terminates in a large dining hall that draws influence from the Mohacs festival that celebrates the Magyars defeat of Mongol invaders by dressing up as wild beasts.
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NORTHERN HUNGARY Miskolc Mountain streams, forests, cattle, and the highest point in the nation define this region. The path is lined with thyme plants and terminates in a great raspberry garden in honor of the festival that takes place annualy in the villages. Patterns from the region adorn the surfaces and glass of the threshold.
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FINAL DESIGN INTERIORS: ATRIUM AND TANZ HAZ The most important space is the atrium, in which all the six regions are fully visible. Here, there are always people passing in front of
you, sitting, talking, doing business, or looking. Wherever you are standing, you can feel a great deal of tension between the paths and the structure, or even the civil servant and the tourist. Along with the dining hall and conference halls, the Tanz Haz (Dance House) is equally important. Tucked in the back, and spilling out onto the large plaza, this hall provides a venue for the community, visitors, and performers to teach and learn traditional folk dancing from all the regions of Hungary old and new. The regional music and dances are incredibly important to the Hungarian people, as it was something they hold dearly after the country has been split and ravaged so many times.
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FINAL DESIGN EXTERIORS The building is clearly expressed on the exterior with the three middle slabs sandwiched by the public bottom and top floors. Public pro-
grams dominate both the top and the bottom, catalyzing the constant use of the six trajectories. Plazas in the front and back, as well as gardens on the northwest and southeast sides create a great interknitting of public space and the government office block. The middle three floors are screened by a GKD Mediamesh facade system that simulcasts significant events taking place in the building, or whatever anyone wants to feed out onto the wall. Additionally, one can log onto the building’s website and post things in abstraction of the freedom of speech. This facade system is the only media wall currently that does not cause the building envelope to become opaque.
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ARCHITECTURE OR REVOLUTION!!
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This project is dedicated to my family in Hungary and America who inspired this, especially my parents whom I love and owe everything to.