Thesis Booklet by Daniel Jud

DANIEL JUD GRADUATE THESIS DESIGN STUDIO FALL 2012 ROGER WILLAMS UNIVERSITY

1 JUD

2 THESIS

table ofCONTENTS Introduction: Thesis Statements Problems Location Site Analysis Historical ConteXt Infrastructure Analysis Conceptual Framework

| 04 | 06 | 10 | 12 | 18 | 26 | 38

Project Development

| 70

Design Solutions

| 87

Appendices Process Sketches Site Panoramas Semester Progress Precedents Bibliography

| | | | | |

123 124 132 142 156 162

3 JUD

INTRODUCTION:

_architecturalTHESIS

There are many things that have contributed to why we as a society need to construct our built environment out of “green buildings” moving forward. The combination of over densification, misuse of natural resources, and lack of “green building” initiatives has begun to bring about a need for change. Our built environment must make less of a negative impact on our planet. Architecture needs to be responsible to the larger social, economic, and environmental context. Cities don’t exist in isolation but are actually far from it. They are connected to much larger ecosystems and can damage habitats for many species globally if not handled correctly. Beneath the steel and concrete of the built environment are the air, soil, and waterways that are connected to the areas far beyond the city. The air pollution created by cities reduces the quality of the air we breathe worldwide at an alarming rate and thus the need for green building in cities is critical. The Architecture of today has become a mixture of responding to what has been done in the past and what we are trying to do in the future. This raises the question; Can 21st century architects change the preconceived notions of what we know the built environment as – which is the opposite of nature? How can we live today without putting so much stress on our planet? 4 THESIS

SUSTAINABILITY_ REDUCING POLLUTION MASS TRANSIT = REDUCING # OF AUTOMOBILES USING THESE THREE TO RESTORE THE DAMAGED URBAN CONDITION

i n t r o d u c t i o n

INCORPORATING NATURE IN AN URBAN SETTING

5 JUD

INTRODUCTION

_thesisA PLANET IN CRISIS In Ian Mchargs speech of 1971 titled Man: planetary disease, he states, “He treats the world as a storehouse existing for his delectation; he plunders, rapes, poisons and kills the living system, the biosphere, in ignorance of its workings and its fundamental value.” Architecture and nature should aim to work together in harmony. In our past, in absence of 21st century science, the only way to live a healthy life was this way . We need to be asking ourselves, How can we live today without putting so much stress on our planet? His eco skyscrapers make an effort to rediscover green space that has been lost at the ground level by the footprint of the built environment. He uses vertical landscaping, stepped terraces, vertical linked enclosed atria and deep green architecture. They make a smaller ecological footprint, promote healthy lifestyles for its residents, and adopt eco-friendly measures for handling and managing their waste. Green space flowing from ground level onto the architecture image from Eco masterplanning – Ken Yeang 6 THESIS

_thesisAUTOMOBILE POLLUTION With the greatest contributor of pollution being the very things we rely on to live our day to day lives – the automobile and the energy powering our buildings, there has to be a revolution of sorts before we start moving in the right direction. Some of the affects of our careless energy use have changed the lives millions of people including the melting ice caps or the severe storms such as Hurricane Katrina or Hurricane Sandy. Luckily we’ve recognized the need for urgent change and we do have the resources to achieve immediate and measurable results if we continue to push for greener and more sustainable architecture. Now we need to figure out how to “close the loop” and be much more efficient with our resource use and land use. Being in the 21st century with its dwindling natural resources, we have to make sure we are designing efficient architecture. Whether architects are aiming to be eco friendly, or entirely sustainable we need to push for making our architecture “greener” - designing into the future. We as a society have an undeniable need to reduce the amount of Co2 emmisions we are pumping into our atmosphere. Global warming can be largely attributed to the abundant burning of fossil fuels caused by the enormous amount of automobile traffic. This reason alone is why a sustainable Mass Transit needs to be encouraged. We need to make the average pedestrian aware of the benefits of eco-design and a more sustainable future. This can be the beginning to a much larger change. Polluted air is pumped back into the atmosphere, harming ecosystems and city residents health Successful architecture should be in response to the problems at hand, not a contributor. We need to be more responsible with how we design and sustainable design is the way. 7 JUD

INTRODUCTION:

In his book Cities, People, Planet, Girardet raises an interesting point in saying, “Urban growth has been documented but less so is the growth of urban ecological impacts”. One way to better our cities is to “close the loop” and be much more efficient with our resource use and land use. This can be done by promoting quality green space within cities which will lead to the environment being protected and our quality of life enhanced. It is estimated that by 2030 it is expected that 60 of the world population, or 4.9 billion people are expected to live in cities. With such large cities in existence, and knowing how rapidly they will grow, we urgently need to create more sustainable and eco-friendly urban habitats. Sustainable transportation can be the way to do this. It will not only improve the quality of life for the residents, but it if done properly and by using ecomasterplanning strategies, it can repair some of the damage cities have done to our planet already. Conventional Master Planning, according to Ken Yeang, “callously disrupts ecosystems, and in many cases it irreversibly devastates and fragments them as for example with urban sprawl.” Conventional masterplanning irresponsibly fragments the landscape contributing to ecosystems being devastated. By laying roads and other infrastructures without being conscious of our impacts we are not only harming our own environment, we are dissecting habitats and decreasing the survival of other species. This is a fundamentally irresponsible thing to do. 8 THESIS

9 JUD

2 ST . 10 TH

ST .

ST . TH 30

ST . CE

24 TH

ST .

29 TH ST . 41ST AVE.

ST .

ST . 23 RD

ST .

21 ST

ND 22

ST.

29TH ST .

28TH ST .

S ILL HK TC DU

ST. 27TH

K WH CA ALE NA CR L EE

VAN DA

M ST.

30TH PL

30TH ST .

ST. 25TH

31ST ST .

23RD

SKI BR PULA

31ST PL

ST . ST .

11 TH

ST.

IDGE

AV ST FIR

KENT ST.

C AV E.

D E.

APOLLO ST.

ST.

MONITOR

EW ATE

MAS

THO

AVE

ST .

AVE

K AV

IC VAR

HENRY ST.

. PL OL D

SUTTON ST.

AV E.

ST.

ELL

AV E.

IDG

ST.

S RIE

ST.

ST. RD

R NA

ST.

ST .

RIM LO

ST.

IN BB

LINE

DRIGGS AVE

PAR

10 THESIS

AV LE

ST.

ULT

LER

CAY

W NE

OAK ST.

LEO

O KF EC

E ES

JEW

RUSSELL

NOBLE ST.

KIN

MILTON ST.

ST.

USMAN ST.

EAST VILLAGE

HUMBOLT

CAYLER ST.

BROOKLYN

INT AVE.

GREENPO

MORGAN AVE

D AVE KINGSLAN

E. AV

JAVA ST.

IL R RA

D AN

ISL

INDIA ST.

37T

RID

E EM

RIA

MO DIA

FIR

VE TA

OIN

ST.

VE YA

H 35T

34T

ST.

XPW

31S

WN E

VE RA

AV E

MIDTO

AR ST

E AV

ST.

ENS

D BULK HEAD

QUE

29T

ST.

RIVER

ESS EX

T AVE.

VIE

EAST

NO RFO

S POIN

PROVOST

HURON ST.

48TH AV

HUNTER

ST.

GREEN ST.

AD AN

AVE.

AVE .

FREEMAN

PIERHE

AVE.

DUPONT ST.

E. E.

CLAY ST.

47TH AV

EAGLE ST.

I RC

PA ID

SS BLVD.

T. LS

WT OW N

McGUINNE

ASH ST.

51ST

50TH

GREENPOINT

AVE.

23RD

CO SE

AVE.

MANHATTAN

21ST

ST.

49TH

ST.

E. ST

FRANKLIN

ILL

E AV

53RD

WEST ST.

N MA

MIDTO W TUNN N EL PLAZ A

EN AV

12 TH

ST . AVE.

BORD

THOMSO

N AVE.

PL. 51ST

ST .

AVE.

E. AV

AVE.

49TH

AVE.

RD.

11TH

TH 10

AVE.

2ND ST .

5TH S T.

50TH

VERN ON

47TH 47TH

AV E

12 TH

. BL VD ON

BLVD .

. BL VD

E RIV RD

NT ER

E. AV XIN GT LE

. VE RK A PA

ST.

PA . VE

48TH

E. AV

SON

THOM

AVE.

RD.

E AV

JAC

ST.

46TH 46TH

. CT

IRD

HUNTER’S POINT

AVE.

RD.

QUEENS

DR.

BLVD.

45TH

44TH

ERN

RD.

H RT NO

VD BL

45TH

MA DIS O

AVE.

SIN

VIS DA

AV E

TS UR CO

AV E

UE Q

BOX ST.

AV E

LONG ISLAND CITY

22 ND GRAMERCY ST .

IDG

NS SO

IDG

TS UR CO

44TH

AV E

. ST

44TH

. ST

VIS DA

IDG

QUEENSBRIDGE BR

CH AR . ST

E. E.

TH 44 . DR

FIF

ST MURRAY HILL .

IDG

11TH

RK A

D AR CH OR . ST . ST NS EE QU S ILL HK TC DU . . ST ST ES RV PU

E. E.

RIV E

E. 41

21ST

BIL ER

ND VA

RO O

SIX

MANHATTAN

ST .

8T HS TUDOR T. CITY

9T H

BROA D

T. ST

WAY

IS LA ND

PL .

SU TT ON

MIDTOWN

ST.

INTRODUCTION

L O C A T I O N

_long island cityHUNTERS

POINT SOUTH

Insert Text Here

40° 44’ 21.98 N, 73° 57’ 39.6W After establishing a set of problems that i was going to investigate for my thesis I then began to look for a site that my goals could be aplied too. It is located in the city of Hunters Point, a neighborhood on the south side of Long Island City, in the New York City borough of Queens. The East River and Newtown Creek meet at Hunters Point South; to the west is Manhattan, with the UN and Chrysler Building. South is Newtown Creek and Greenpoint. To the East are the rail yards, and north is Queens Plaza and Dutch Kills . Being only one subway stop from Midtown, this working-class and industrial neighborhood has the potential to transform into a premier residential enclave with the affordable housing 11 JUD

SITE ANALYSIS

SITE SEARCH PROCESS DAMAGED URBAN CONDITION URBAN _PARKSPACE_WATERFRONT HUNTERSPOINT SOUTH DEVELOPMENT -BENEFIT FROM MASS TRANPORTATION

12 THESIS

site analysis

HUNTER’S POINT SOUTH WATERFRONT PARK COMMUNITY BOARD 2 PRESENTATION JUNE 24, 2009

13 JUD

SITE ANALYSIS

06.24.09 14 THESIS

15 JUD 06.24.09

SITE ANALYSIS

The damaged urban condition in need of repair:

The reason I first chose this site was not because it was prime land to be developed but instead because it was a place that was once striving, but due to densification, pollution, improper planning, and neglect, has become an unoccupied space. Being on the Long Island coast of the East River the site can almost be though of as a knuckle between Long Island and New York. Because of this location, Hunters Point is mainly made up of industrial zones. Unfortunately they are no longer thriving in the way that it used to be. The site is in close proximity to an old train station, a water taxi site that is closed down due to current construction, and several bus stops. It is also at the terminus of a waterfront park system at the end of a peninsula. “The vacant waterfront land at Hunter’s Point South represents one of New York City’s best opportunities for growth. This photo taken by the city shows a ruined railway car float that once transported rail cars from dry land onto barges. Similar to the industrial ruins of Riverside Park South in Manhattan, this wreck will be allowed to remain as a relic, surrounded by the expanded park around it. 16 THESIS

Hunter’s Point South Waterfront Park

Illustrative Site Plan

11.19.09

1” = 60’-0”

17 JUD 11

SITE ANALYSIS

HISTORICAL CONTEXT Rapid growth of cities is often the cause of a need for revitalization once the area is no longer thriving. There are many things that contributed to the rapid growth of cities worldwide, the biggest being technology. The rise of industrialism brought a society built on the extraction of energy from nature. In his book Cities, People, Planet, Girardet states: “Urban society, with its fossil fuel-powered industrial, farming and transportation systems, has had unprecedented impacts on nature”. Rapid immigration to industrializing cities for jobs caused the already growing cities to grow faster. This rapid growth didn’t allow time for significant planning and incorporation of adequate urban green space, drainage systems, water filtration, etc. It didn’t allow time or resources for architects and urban planners to design with “big picture” sustainable goals in mind. Cities cover only 2% of land space worldwide but are responsible for 75% of the consumption of the world’s resources. In the last 100 years an enormous amount of people migrated to cities. The figures are not only impressive, but their startling. In 1900, 15 % of the global population which was 1.5 billion lived in cities. Today an astounding 47% of the global population, which is now 6 billion - live in cities making it our primary habitat. To handle this enormous influx of people our cities expanded outward at an alarming rate, becoming denser and denser until all usable area is taken up. This phenomenon is known as sprawl it can be a great threat to quality of life. In many cities sprawl has led to dense, polluted, and unpleasant urban environments. 18 THESIS

19 JUD

SITE ANALYSIS

An 1891 map showing the Hunters Point section of Long Island City.

P.S. 1 circa 1915. Today the building houses an art museum.

_thesisSITE HISTORY The area known as Hunters Point was originally named Dorninieâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hook, and was purchased by the second minister of the Dutch Reformed Church in New Amsterdam. In 1664, it became a part of the Town of Newtown and later passed into the hands of the family of a British sea captain, George Hunter. In 1825 the name of the estate was changed to Hunters Point. The transition from a rural to an urban community began that year as the Long Island Railroad was forced by local protest to move its principal terminus from Atlantic Ave to Hunters Point. A prosperous community soon grew up, as inns, taverns and other amenities were opened to accommodate the commuters. This led to the urbanization of the area and to the construction in the 1870s of the distinguished groups of houses that made it such a fine residential neighborhood. In 1870 the land was acquired by developers who built the forty-seven houses exhibit diverse architectural styles including the Italianate, French Second Empire, and Neo-Grec from 1870-1891. In 1870 Hunters Point joined with the village of Astoria, along with Ravenswood and Steinway to form Long Island City. Hunters Point served as the location for several of the new cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s municipal landmarks such as the Long Island City courthouse and Public School 1, which today houses a famous art museum. 20 THESIS

HISTORICAL CONTENT

The elevated trains of the Queensboro Bridge, were opened in 1909. This improvement greatly improved communication between Manhattan and Queens and led to the intense industrial development of Long Island City, however it struck a death blow to what had been a quiet residential area. The roaruing trains caused many people to move away. The houses on 45th Avenue were converted into the multifamily dwellings that they are today. Completing construction of the Queensboro Bridge over Hunters Point Subsequent subway and vehicular tunnels undermined Hunters Point. The mainstream of traffic and progress pushed over and under Hunters Point into the rapidly growing central and eastern portions of the borough. It is to this accident of technological geography that the city owes the survival of whats left. 21 JUD

SITE ANALYSIS As a peninsula bounded by the commercial waterways of Newtown Creek and the East River, Hunters Point became a highly industrialized area in the 19th century.The area probably most recognized by New Yorkers today as the heart of industrial Long Island City, This working-class and industrial neighborhood with a large number of abandoned warehouses and factories is undergoing substantial redevelopment, because the Deindustrialization in the 1970s and 80s left many abandoned warehouses and factories in the community. Hunters Point has been defined by transportation over the years. From trains and ferries to bridges and tunnels, the neighborhood has long been a connection to Manhattan for Long Island at its location at the East River and Newtown Creek. The East River waterfront is what defines Hunters Point, through its factories and its brilliant views of the Manhattan skyline.

22 THESIS

This photo taken by the city shows a ruined railway car float that once transported rail cars from dry land onto barges. Similar to the industrial ruins of Riverside Park South in Manhattan, this wreck will be allowed to remain as a relic, surrounded by the expanded park around it.

23 JUD

Present day Hunters Point still shows signs of its historic past,there are may places where you can still see the original trolley tracks that have since been covered with black top and cobble stones.

The Long Island City terminal was once one of the city's busiest, as it was the LIRR's closest approach to NYC before Pennsylvania station and the East River tunnels were completed in 1910, as ferries brought patrons to Manhattan from the terminal. Today, only a few trains a week stop here, and passengers are unceremoniously discharged in the rail yard, walking a block to the Water Taxi ferry to Manhattan.

The former LIRR gantry stands in a unique class as one of the city's most recognizable unused landmarks. Others include the repainted Coney Island parachute tower and the decaying NYS Pavilion in Flushing Meadows. On the right above, the former Pennsylvania Railroad Powerhouse was mutilated, shorn of its smokestacks to make way for yet another condo. In contrast, its IRT cousin on Manhattan's west side, has plenty of support from prominent preservation groups. 24 THESIS

SITE ANALYSIS

25 JUD

ST H 28 T

ST 27

46TH ST

45TH ST

44TH ST 41ST ST

43RD ST

S KI LL CH DU T

46TH ST

48TH ST

47TH ST

44TH ST

45TH ST

AV LT IC CE ST 43R D

M DA

PL L LAU

47TH ST

Y ST NR H HE

RT NO

39T H PL

48TH ST

ST 25 TH L NA K CA EE AL WH

42ND ST

39TH PL

40T H ST

ST 38T H

39TH ST

36T H ST

37TH ST

34T H

35T H

32N D PL

33R D ST

31ST PL

VAN DAM ST

29TH ST

30TH PL

27TH ST

28TH ST

ST 27 TH

ST 23RD

E CR

VD BL L H IL L L AU RE

46 TH

50TH ST

48 TH ST 49 TH

49 TH

ST 48TH

49TH

AV G HI N

FL US

AV HB Y

ST AR

OU G

T P

WI LL

RV OOR

IR VI NG

AM YD SU

H OO PE

KE AP

FF E

RS ON

DNE

AV NG HI

US FL

VA NDE

WY E XP S E EN

NE Y

K EA

YER ME

AV Y RC MA

Y PW EX S - QU E EN LYN BR O OK

PL UM

CATHER INE

ST R YE ME VE HA - QU N K LY OO

ROD

LI EB RO

VE HA EL BA TE IT I JO EL RA BB

ST NG LI EB RO AV RC Y MA

AV GS IG

AV D OR DF BE

ST Y RR BE ST NG

AV E DR

ST ROEB LING

T AV

THA MES

SC OT

SON

POR TER

N ST

THA MES

GRA TTA

N ST

GRA TTA

MO ORE

L ST

HAR

ON PL

SE IGE

N ST

HAR RI

VAR ICK

HARRIS

BOG ART

AM ST

PL RIS ON

AM INGRAH

N AV

T STEWAR

DRI GGS

AV NT KE

TH WY I GG

D FO

OLIVE ST

R RI VE EAST

ST R VE RI

E AV WY TH

44TH ST 43 RD

AV ME EK

FRAN KLIN

72ND ST

72ND PL

70TH ST

31ST ST

73RD ST

72ND ST

69TH PL

21ST

11 TH

ST 11TH

21ST

BLVD

H ST 76T KNEEL AND ST

69TH ST

JACOBUS ST

69TH ST

68TH ST

67TH ST

68TH ST

71ST ST

KE NT AV

T AV

SCOT

OL PH

NE R

WYTH E

GA RD

BERR Y

SENE

DUNH

RO LE

N AV

ING RAH

BI MC KIB

NE R

JOH NSO JOH NSO

WH ITE

SEIG EL ON

IN ST MC KIBB

MANH ATTAN

LEON ARD

VI SI

METRO POLI WA

T AV

GARD

RO LE

BOERU M ST

LE S

AM ING RAH

SC HO

MOR GAN

N HNSO

S ST

RA ND LE S

JOHN SON

ART

G ST

LE SCHO

MESE

BOE RUM

ST GE

STAG

KI LL

E AV

LORI MER

ST NN

G ST

AV MONT ROSE

ISH

STAG

MESE

ST WE

EYCK

SC OT

MEAD

STEW

ENGL

NEW

EY CK

MESE ROLE

OS MONTR

D ST

VARI

UJ ER

D ST

BUSHW ICK

KILL

TEN

SCHO

HUMBO LDT

ISH

D ST

MEAD

GRAHA M AV

O HO

METROPOL ITAN AV

GRAN

STAGG ST

KILL

K ill

ISH

STDIVISI ON AV

P EA

l i sh

ORT

ENGL

WI CK

5T H

ETH

E ng

ST TEN EYCK

SCHO LES

47TH

MASP

KENT AV

TEN

LMAN

ER VO

CREE

SKIL

ETH

SON

BO GA

RIVE

OWN

ER S

EAST

NE WT

WITH

CREE K

MASP

59TH

MO RG

MASPE TH

h C r e ek

METROPOLITAN AV

MAUJ ER

56 TH

T ST

SHARON ST

ON Y

BU SH

56T H

GR AN ETH

GR AN

TEN EYCK ST

K eys pan E nergy Delivery

2N D

55 TH

M a s p et

MO RG

ANTH

VAND

NE R

MA SP

ITAN AV

POWE RS

UNION AV

ST AV

SKILL MAN

METR OPOL

54 TH

66TH ST

54 TH

65TH PL

65TH ST

ART

53 RD AV

64TH ST

T AV

63RD ST

51S T

ELYE A ST

GRAND ST

N SO

54TH

SCOT

ST EW

VARI

LAUREL HILL BLVD

BLV D HILL

EN PL BOR INQU

SKILL MAN

PO WE

L WI

CHER

MO RG

AINSL IE

E LE

JACKS ON

DEVO E ST

JACKS ON

E AV

SEND

THOM

VO IS

GRA

E ST

S 9TH ST

54TH

TOWN

55 TH

OR T

EX PW

52ND

56TH

ERVO

50TH AV

ARDS

DEBE

SI ON

E AV

FROS

JU DG

HOP

VOIS

OWN

56TH

VAND

11TH

PW Y EX S EE N

KL Y

N-

67TH ST

OO BR

66TH ST 65TH ST

ST 64TH 63RD ST

ST 61 ST

NS MI DT

C alvary C emetery

GA RD

61ST ST

QUEE

PORT

ARDY

DE BE

METROPOLITAN AV

MORGAN AV

30TH ST

24 T ST

VERN

PL 65 TH

62N D ST

61S T

63RD

ST PL

60 TH

59T H 59TH PL

60TH ST

VARICK ST

59TH PL

TE R

ST VAN DAM

RI CH

RICO PUERTO AVE OF

ON ST

TS GRANDPAREN

HAUS MAN

60TH ST

JACK

RICH ARDS

E QU

HERB ERT

WICK

S ST

HUMB OLOT

ON Y

BEAD

BUSH

WITH ERS

CONS

SUTTON ST

WITHER

Y ST N HENR

ANTH

LOMB

MONIT OR ST

FROST ST

BORI NQUEN

L AY

R KE

DWA

MONI TOR

E ME

GRAH AM

A ND

ON ST RICH ARDS

STRAD A ST CONO

KINGS LAND

BAYAR D ST

R KE EE

T ST

ID GE

DIVI

EX AV N S E E R UE E K -Q M E YN KL ST OO T BR ER B R HE

AV MANHATTAN

D AR

HUMB OLD

5TH

APOLL O ST

CCI VIA VESPU

BR OA

59TH

VER NON

ST 2N D

E a st

60TH

59 TH ST 58 TH

11 TH

64TH

65TH

55 TH

59TH ST

I NT

LEON ARD

RUSSE LL

ST N HENR Y

H US

D ST

R MO

S 9TH ST

LI T

SUTT ON

59TH

14 TH

62ND

63RD

ST ST 54T H

ST 52N D

23RD

ON BL VD

ST 5TH

R i ve r

SI DE WO OD

ST 52ND

57T H ST

58TH LA

54TH

MORGA N

58TH PL

EK WN CRE

LAU REL

58 TH

GR ER

BY RN

EX PW

50T H

OW N

EW VI

MI DT

NE NEWT WTOW N CR OW N CR EE EEK K

HUMB OLDT

LORI MER

S 3R D

NEW TO

NP EE

E EN

LE AD

MONIT OR

58 TH

55T H ST

G AL

56T H

31S

A RR ST

KINGSL AND

SL AN D

ST N HENRY

58TH

54T H ST

53R D ST

51ST ST

52N D

KI NG

AV ENGE RT

LEON ARD

OP O

GRAH

UNI ON

58T H ST

3 5T

QU EE

UNIO N AV

3 4T

57 TH

49T H ST

50TH ST

51ST

TH 29

E EK

DRIGG S AV

LORIM ER

56TH ST

47TH ST

C OU

48T H ST

RV ES

UNION AV

ION

HUMBO LDT

TH 44

RUSSE LL

49TH

EE NP

48TH AV

NASS

TRIE

ECKF ORD

E PL

CHAR

MOUL

LEONAR D ST

WE L

O LI

67TH

T 1S

MESER OLE

BO RD

55TH

NORM

DIVIS

D ST

BROA DWA

6 TH

IV E

H 0T

MT S

D ST

S 10TH ST

tc h

WE L

K FO

73RD PL

UNIO N

S 1S T

S 2N D

S 11TH ST

60 TH

61S T

ON AR

Waterbody P roject Area AV

S 8TH ST

ME R

DO BB

s ill

47TH AV

TA N

LO RI

S 4T H ST

BLV D

48TH AV

NASSA U AV

GE M

73 RD

CAL DWE LL AV

T 59

QUE ENS

48TH AV

R .R

TH 74

IN G

AV TH

E DW

N PL CA

BROW

NH AT

GU ER

FO RD

NE CT

H 8T

Waterbody

59TH AV

E NK BA

ON . C

58TH

Mixed Us e & Other

58T H RD

66TH ST

59 TH

58TH AV

58T H

PO ND

59 TH

E UE

Waterfront R ecreational

T 79

FR ESH

59T H DR

59 TH

GR AN

H AV

69TH ST

63R D

59TH RD

ST 60TH

H ST

56T

57TH

26 THESIS ST

54 TH

55 TH

EXP Y

G IN

NG HI

60TH

LA 60TH

58TH RD

SH LU

T rans portation & Utility 66

64 TH

58TH PL

58TH ST

58TH AV

DR 58 TH

ZE A

N PL

V acant Land

D AV

5 7T

BROW

ON LT

AN GR

57TH DR

GR AN

MI HA

H AV

57TH RD

MIDT OWN

65T H ST

MAS PET

QUEE NS

R es idential N

H SP ET

59T H ST

TE R

TH 59

56 T

EXPWY

E MS

56TH RD 56T H DR

CLINTON AV

56TH RD

56TH DR AV E IC UR MA

IN CL

61ST ST

56TH AV

D AV

57TH AV

P ublic F acilities & Ins titutions

60TH ST

56TH AV

LL HU

BLVD

HUNTERS POINT AV

NORMAN AV

ME TR

QUEE NS MIDT OWN

CL IF

N.Y

73RD ST

54TH AV

66TH ST

Y JA

55TH DR

Open S pace & Outdoor R ecreation

64TH ST

63RD ST

55TH RD 55TH DR

R EAST RIVE

D PL

WEST ST

73R G RR

GRAN

CLARAN CT

Newtown C reek WP C P

C NT

MU S

52ND RD

YO RK

DINVEW

72ND PL

53RD RD

Indus trial & Manufacturing B uildings

OAK ST

QUAY ST

53RD AV

68TH ST

nC r ee k

PROV OST

SI DE

NO RTH

FRAN KLIN

WEST ST

LI RR

Wha l e C r eek

ER CA LY

52ND CT

C ommercial & Manufacturing B uildings

QUE ENS

47TH AV

49TH

50TH N EX PWY AV

43RD AV

NT AV

NOBLE ST

53RD ST

65TH PL

THO MSON AV

INDI A ST

MILT ON

52ND AV

72ND ST

NESS MC GUIN

72N D ST

53RD DR

ST AN D

L and Us e RD

HURON ST

AV OAD

52ND DR

68TH ST

67TH ST

LM AN

CALYER ST

63RD PL

61ST ST

PA ID

CLAY ST

GREE NPOI

53RD AV

EAGLE ST

52ND DR

53RD RD EXPW

55 TH

I S RA

51ST DR

52ND RD

64TH ST

OW N

NS MI DT OW

DUPON T ST

MI DT

SK IL

a ily

KENT ST

69TH ST

SKI LLM

JAVA ST

CALAMUS AV

71ST ST

70TH ST

69TH PL

QUEE

51ST

TT AV

43RD AV

46T H AV

51ST RD

AV 51 ST CALAMUS AV

51ST RD

66TH ST

R ME

BOX ST

74T H

45T H AV

53RD AV

M CO

AL CI

EN AV

43R D

49TH AV

65TH PL

52ND AV

W NE

E CR

WN TO

MANHAT TAN

LD RF IE

MAURICE AV

Mt. Zion C emetery

78T H ST

44T H

NS BL VD

QUEE

BO RD

GREEN ST

47TH AV

44T H AV

BLV D HIL L

LAU REL

53RD AV

43R D AV

QU EE

51ST AV

52 ND

ASH ST

50TH AV

52 ND

BAR NE

ST FREEM AN

48TH AV

SI DE WO OD

48TH AV

EX PW UEENS LYN-Q

N SO CK JA 51ST AV

EN AV

54 TH

77T H ST

Y OR

76T H ST

75TH ST

70TH ST

New C alvary C emetery

68T H ST

67TH ST

43R D

47TH AV

BR OOK

50TH

WA Y

74T H ST

44T H

SI DE

71S T ST

41ST AV

WO OD

OA D

SON

73R D ST

72N D ST

67T H ST

41S T AV

S ON

id ys

LT AV

BLV D

43R D

ROO SEVE

ROOSEVELT AV

QUE ENS

ROO SEVE 39 TH

49TH

EAST RIVER

38TH AV

BO RD

37T H RD

49 TH

51S T

37TH RD

77T H ST

SEVE

74T H ST

ROO

73R D ST

72N D ST

70TH

75T H ST

69T H ST

76T H ST

47 TH 47 TH

48 TH

78T H ST

71S T ST

35TH RD

68T H ST

TH OM

37T H 38 TH

41ST

46TH

CK JA

37T H AV

39T H RD

A RC

39T H AV

39T H DR

DR 43

45TH

N ER

44TH

45TH

39TH

BAS

H RT

45T H 11

CR E

ST TH 10

44TH

SITE ANALYSIS

DR EX T

EN T

44 TH

ST.

TH 36

ST .

ST ST .

TCH DU

ST .

NT S

S 27 TH

ST.

ST 31

11TH

LS KIL DU

TCH

PL.

ST. 27TH

11TH ST. 21ST 43RD ST.

43RD AV

CRE

30TH PL .

30TH ST .

39TH PL

38TH ST .

33RD ST .

34TH ST .

VANDAM

ST.

444TH ST.

40TH ST.

39TH PL.

TOW N

40TH ST .

ST. TH 36

29TH ST .

28TH ST .

TCH

K39T ILHLST. S

38TH ST.

28TH ST .

ST . TH

ST.

ST . ST . 4 1 S T AV E .

ST .

ES CR ST. TH

ST. RD 33

444TH ST .

ST.

27TH

444TH ST .

43RD ST .

NT CE

ST.

34TH ST.

33RD ST.

ST. VANDAM

VERN

ST .

ST.

ST .

23 RD

LV D.

ER B

ND 32

43RD ST .

ST. ST 31

2ND ST .

TH 29

30TH PL.

ON B LVD.

ST . ND

ST .

CE NT

. 39TH PL

40TH ST . ST . TH 30

ST .

ST . 4 1 S T AV E .

ST . TH

TH 28

29TH ST.

30TH ST.

40TH ST .

ST .

21 ST . RD 23

ST.

ST .

ST . TH

CE NT

ES CR

KIL LS TCH DU

QUEE

PWY.

Primary Study Area

Secondary Study Ar 2000 FEET

SCALE Industrial Business Zone

30TH PL .

30TH ST .

ST .

T. ST . ND 22

RD 23

PL.

11TH

38TH ST .

39TH PL

LS KIL

39TH ST .

34TH ST .

33RD ST .

VANDAM

HS 22

38TH ST . TH ST. 39TH ST.

ST.

ST . ST

ST.

27TH

PL. 11TH

ST. 21ST

28TH ST.

ST. 11TH

11TH

VERN

ST.

29TH ST .

28TH ST .

14T T. ND

ST. 34

TH 35

ST .

12 TH 21

ON B VERN

ON BL VD.

BL VD

21STST. ST.

. BL VD

2ND ST .

2ND ST.

34TH ST .

ST. 33RD ST . ND

ST.

LVD.

ST. ST 31

ST .

. 3 0 30TH PL

29 ER

NT CE

TH 28

ST .

ST . 4 1 S T AV E .

ST .

ES CR

ER RIV EA ST

30TH ST .

ST .

ST.

WN EX

. AVE

27TH

ST .

ST. VANDAM

S ILL DU TCH K

ST.

ST .

27TH

ST . ST 21

PL.

IDTO

11TH

Site A . AVE

ST.

NS M

IEW

21ST

HS 13T

ST .

RIV

14T

ST . ND

ST . TH 12

ST. 11TH

ST .

ST . ST

13T

PL. 11TH

ST.

LVD. ON B VERN

28TH ST .

ST. 11TH

21ST

R VE

29TH ST .

ON B LVD. VERN

LV D. ER B CE NT

2ND ST .

NEW

. AVE

BL VD

IEW

NT ER

HUNTER

REV

ST.

AVE.

STA

2ND ST .

S EEN QU

PL.

2000 FEET

OR ST.

T. SS

E RV

CT.

AVE.

49TH 50TH

LL STE

BLVD.

RR STA . AVE

. AVE IEW

REV

Site A

Primary Study Area Boundary

Site B

Secondary Study Area Boundry

PWY.

SCALE

Long Island City Zone IndustrialLong Business Zone Industrial Business Island City Industrial Business Zone Ombudsman Area and Ombudsmanand Area Industrial Ombudsman Area

HUNTER’S POINT SOUTH REZONING AND RELATED ACTIONS

Primary Study Area Boundary

. AVE

VIS DA

S POINT

EK B Site

SKIL

Industrial Ombudsman Area WN EX

SON A VE.

Industrial Ombudsman Area

Industrial Business Zone

IDTO

AVE.

THOM

RSO

HUNTER

BLVD.

CRE

RD.

PEA

REV

Secondary Study Area Boundry

ST.

PL.

CT.

Site B

VIS DA

RSO

PEA

Primary Study Area Boundary

AVE.

43RD AVE

QUEENS

43RD AVE

QUEE

TOW N

N O RTH ER N B L VD . VE. NA KSO JAC

AVE.

STE

VE. RA

VE. WA

IE REV

CT.

S POINT

SKILLLMAN

PWY.

NEW

47TH

AVE.

. AVE

WN EX

QUEENS

46TH

R STA

43RD AV

IDTO

RD.

ST.

CT.

NS M

45TH

AVE.

SCALE CRE

E RV

TS UR

PL.

VIS DA

RSO

POINT AVE

QUEE

TOW N

PEA

HUNTERS

0 NEW

49TH AV SKILLLMAN E. AVE. 50TH AVE.

46TH

MIDTO W TUNN N EL PLAZ A

53RD

SKIL

STE

AVE. AVE.

. AVE

50TH

AVE.

SITE B

SON A VE.

53RD

CSRT.

49TH

EN AV

THOM

VE. NA

KSO

JAC

AVE.

. AVE SON 51 CKAV JAST E.

ST.

VIS DA

C ART. S

E RV E.

VIS DA

TS UR

SON AV

TS UR

THOM

D AR CH OR T. ST. SS EEN QU

AVE.

47TH

RD.

AVE.

N O RTH ER N B LVD .

BORD

SO SITEJACKA

RD. ON AVE.

49TH

AVE.

H 44T . DR

RD.

50TH

48TH

AV E

H Q. 44T . TS DR UR CO Q. TS UR CO T. NS SO AR PE

JAC

EN AV

AV E

BLVD.

EEN

RTH

Site A

47TH

SKIL

MIDTO W TUNN N EL PLAZ A

QUEENS

VE. NA

AVE. C ART. S

ST.

MIDT OW TUNN N EL PLAZ A 53RD AVE.

IDG

AV E

CH OR ST.

AV E

45TH

51ST AV

BORD

BR IDG E P 43RD AVE. EP LA LA ZA ZA NO SO RTH UT H

RTH

ST. VIS DA T. ES AN CR

TEL

VIS DA

L. NP

RSO PEA

HUNTER’S POINT SOUTH REZONING AND RELATED ACTIONS

RD.

AVE.

. AVE

AVE.

Site A

HUNTER

AVE.

NEW

VE. NA

O CKS

NS M

CRE

43RD AV

QUEE

TOW N

SITE B

S AU

AVE.

SITE B

46TH

47TH

AVE.

EN AV

ST. 50TH

AVE.

IDG

RD.

AVE.

. Primary AVEStudy Area Boundary AN

H 49TH

RD.

45TH

48TH

AVE.

49TH

. AVE

49TH

AVE.

H 44T . DR

PWY.46TH

47TH RD. 50 TH AVE.

48TH

IEW

EEN

ST.

Q. TS UR

ST.

C ART. S

AVE.

47TH

SITE B

53RD

WN EX

51ST AV

A PE

TS UR

SON A VE.

50TH

43RD AV

46TH

IDTO

BORD

SITE A SITE

SKIL

Industrial Business Zone 51ST AV E. MIDTO

C OR ST.

ES RV PU

THOM

46TH AVE. N O RTH ER N B L VD .

Secondary Study Area Boundry

AVE. TUNN N Industrial Ombudsman Area EL PLAZ

SITE A

AN CR

AVE.

VE. NA

VIS DA

47TH

JAC

H 44T . DR

RD.

49TH Site BAVE.

VE. NA

KSO

45TH

NS M

REV

IDG

STA

CRE

JAC

AVE.

QUEE

HA VE.

BR IDG EP EP LA LA ZA ZA NO SO RTH UT H

IDG

41S

HUNTER S POINT 40 AVE. TH AV E.

SKILLLMAN

50T4 H 1SAVE. TA VE .

ST .

AV E

23 RD S

IDG

ST.

29 TH

IDG

ST .

CT.

AVE.

49TH

ST .

14T

CH ART. S

AVE.

46TH

BORD

38T

PL.

RSO

AVE.

ST.

PEA

KSO

AVE.

LL STE

41S

TOW N

50TH

53RD

RD.

VE. NA

NEW

47TH

SON A VE.

M ILL

VIS DA

SITE B

Site A 48TH

41S

T. SS

MIDTO W TUNN N EL PLAZ A

EN AV

46TH

D AR CH OR T. ST. SS EEN QU

E RV

S VIS DA

BORD

H Q. 44T . TS DR UR CO Q. TS UR CO T. NS SO AR

THOM

AVE.

51ST AV

SITE A

AVE.

RD.

AVE.

47TH

VE. 38T NA H KSAOVE . JAC

49TH

RD.

CH ART. S

48TH

50TH

45TH

AVE. 46TH

47TH

VE. NA

KSO

JAC

46TH

H 13T

ST. TH

41S

ST . 4 1 S T AV E .

ST .

HA VE.

13T

ST . TH

28 TH

4.2.08

38T

RIV

ST .

N to the left illustrate how the land is used The diagrams in the Long Island City Area. Along the Newtown Creek, industry still thrives, although not at the same magnitude as in the past. The Creek offers an easy shipping N route to all the businesses in the Hunters Point South industrial district. As is seen in the diagram made up on Pink and Yellow, The industrial zones are not limited to the waterfront, but sprawl far from the coast

N O RTH ER N B L VD .

RTH

ST.

ES CE

AV E

ST .

IDG

AV E

IDG

IV ST R

ST ST .

31 ST ST.

39TH ST .

32 ND ST. 33 RD ST.

_An indusrial area:

ST .

4.2.08

41S

ST.

ST .

HA VE.

SCALE

Figure 2-3

2000 FEET

Long

Figure 2-3

27 JUD

HUNTER’S POINT SOUTH REZONING AND RELATED ACTIONS

23RD S

45TH AVE.

ANABLE BASIN

23RD ST.

5TH ST.

D. TER

1000 FEET

23RD ST. 21ST ST.

PULASKI BRIDGE

BOX

PAIDGE

ST.

M ER C M

Site

Residential (with Commerical Below) Commerical

ST.

FRE

ST.

EEN

ST.

HUR

ST.

IA S

IND

ST.

Residential

T OS

1000 FEET

ST.

500

ST.

ST WE

EAG

. LVD

KLIN AN

IND

ST. ST

T. IA S

DUP

VE. NA

T. NS

O HUR

T. NS

AVE.

NES

ST.

CREEK

UIN

YS CLA

TTA NHA

KLI

FRE

11TH PL.

. AV E JA

500

ST.

N MA

23RD ST.

CEN

PULASKI BRIDGE

23RD ST.

ST .

ASH

NEWTOW

McG

ST. ST VO

ST.

IA L

ST .

ER M M CO

ST . AL CI

BLV

EAST RIVER

11TH PL.

AV E.

JA CK SO

PULASKI BRIDGE

O PR

HUR

IA S

Vacant

Transportation and Utility

ST.

IND

Parking Facilities

Institutional

EEN

ST.

Under Construction Residential (with Commerical Below)

Commerical

AVE.

ST.

. LVD SB

Industrial and Manufacturing

28 THESIS

EM FRE

NES

E AGL

Transportation and Utility

Open Space

54TH

UIN

VE. NA

TTA NHA

Institutional

DUP

Commerical

53RD AVE.

ST.

McG

Residential (with Commerical Below) .

51ST AVE.

BORDEN AVE. OV

ST.

T. YS CLA

MIDTOWN TUNNEL PLAZA

51ST AVE.

VE. NA

TTA NHA

KLIN AN

S WE

Site

PAIDGE

EAG

S BOX

AVE.

. LVD

T. TS ONCREEK

DUP

T. HS

50TH AVE.

11TH ST.

VERNON BLVD.

11TH PL.

JA CK SO

AV E.

11TH ST.

CEN T

YS CLA

NEWTOW

49TH AVE.

NES

AVE

48TH AVE.

UIN

54TH

PAIDGE

ST.

47TH RD.

McG

BOX

51ST AVE.

. ST

ST.

CREEK

. ST

ASH

46TH RD.

47TH AVE.

BORDEN AVE.

NEWTOW

S VI DA

51ST AVE.

46TH AVE.

E AN CR

MIDTOWN TUNNEL PLAZA

53RD AVE.

AVE.

10T H

11TH ST.

21ST ST.

5TH ST.

VERNON BLVD.

BLV

CEN T

. ST

45TH RD.

. ST

5TH ST.

ANABLE BASIN

E AN

. ST

S VI DA CR

BLV

44TH DR.

45TH AVE.

51ST AVE.

54TH

44TH RD.

45TH AVE.

48TH AVE.

50TH AVE.

47TH RD.

49TH AVE.

ST.

46TH RD.

47TH AVE.

EAST RIVER

21ST ST.

S VI DA

46TH AVE.

Ximus voloribus. Inimil inum idelectur min re id quam 44TH DR. 45TH AVE.sequature nectibu dignamus, sapella borroremosam N AVE. sdandio repelit verchil liquatum hari volum45THaudignimi, BASIN comnihi ciissit iamuscit eum ANABLE si net reicaboristo voluptat 45TH RD. faccullab imi, sitatio estenia tendessiti quiditium et harAVE. test, ut uptatium ipici dolorem qui consende conest46THqui fugia quatqui ulluptur? Umquaspelita niaeper umetur? 46TH RD. At occum evenecta plabore as entent essi aborist orporem quod ut adis sequi nam erat anis nonecto dun47TH AVE. delent laut alique porerna turepellaut et que acid ut ut aut viditas molorum nonse moluptios doluptusa 47TH RD.quation re velibus eossequam int aut quat et lignimus in enimi, AVE. solestion nonem voloribus nus et ut ipis asi48TH desto offici am et invelene nonsequo exceatas et aut am doluptur, 49TH AVE. sandaerestem rat aces del idelis cus rent aut dis sintus con premole ntiaessus repel ium laut antotatis vit 50TH AVE. rehendit, odignam, quiatis tiossenimus volupta simolMIDTOWN AVE. TUNNEL orerum ut antinis quaspistem 51ST experferepe plitia dollut PLAZA ut maio imporesent pere nonse il im reiur autem sitatiis BORDEN AVE. etus sequam quid et adipsam cor magnam int labore . 53RD AVE persperum quid qui il illamus rem aut ilit unt, quam, ipistotat as dolorum il is ad ut aut odit, .sam

. ST

VERNON BLVD.

10T HS

45TH RD. 44TH RD. HUNTERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S POINT SOUTH

500

1000 FEET

10T HS T

11TH PL.

AV E.

BLPULASKI BRIDGE VD.

ST .

ST . L ER CI A M M CO

23RD ST. ST.

T. IA S

ST.

IND

SCALE

5TH ST.

CEN

ER M M

500

HUR

AVE.

SITE B

ST.

IA S

IND

500

CI AL

ST .

SCALE

PULASKI BRIDGE

TER

EAST RIVER CO

HUR

23RD ST.

CE N

11TH PL.

. AV E N SO CK

ST.

54TH

T. NS

Land Study Areas and Suba T.

EEN

ST.

Residential (with Commerical Below)

ST.

S WE

Under Construction

ST.

FRE

M REE

ST.

Vacant

ST.

EAG

ST.

KLIN

AVE.

T. HUNTER’S POINT SOUTH REZONING AND RELATED Site A ACTIONS

DUP

VE. NA

NS KLI

1000 FEET

VERNON BLVD.

5TH

B TER

4. 23RD ST.

21ST ST.

11TH ST.

CI AL

5TH ST.

BLV D. 23RD ST.

11TH PL.

CEN

TER

EAST RIVER

Parking Facilities

ST.

Residential

Open Space

SCALE

500

ST.

Secondary Subarea

T OS

ST.

IND

OV PR

HUR

Industrial and Manufacturing

. LVD SB NES

Y CLA

TTA NHA MA

ST.

Primary Subarea

UIN

ST.

EEN

McG

. LVD

OV PR

NES

Site A

Transportation and Utility

PAIDGE

T. ES

FRE

Institutional

EEK Subarea Boundary

T. XS

EAG

Site B

NEWTOW

51ST AVE.

UIN T.

DUP

ST.

Commerical

50TH AVE.

McG

Y CLA

ASH

Not Included In Site A

SITE B

Residential (with Commerical Below)

AVE.

Site A

CREEK

PAIDGE

SITE A

VE. NA

54TH

EAG

ST.

53RD AVE.

DUP

A ATT

ST.

51ST AVE.

CREEK

SITE A

PAIDGE 49TH AVE. AVE.

KLIN

51ST AVE.

MIDTOWN TUNNEL PLAZA

ST.

YS CLA

50TH AVE.

BORDEN AVE.

BOX

48TH AVE.

NEWTOW

ST.

NEWTOW

BLV

BORDEN AVE.

51ST AVE.

S NES UIN McG

47TH RD.

ASH

NH MA

AV E

SITE B

51ST AVE.

SITE A

. ST

46TH RD.

AVE.

E AN

46TH AVE.

49TH AVE.

MIDTOWN TUNNEL PLAZA

53RD AVE.

54TH

45TH RD.

47TH AVE.

S VI DA

. ST

11TH ST.

. ST

ANABLE BASIN

BORDEN AVE.

VERNON BLVD.

S E AN CR

ST.

JA CK SO N

HS T. 23RD ST.

ANABLE BASIN

45TH AVE.

MIDTOWN TUNNEL PLAZA

51ST AVE.

45TH AVE.

VI DA

ST.

SITE ANALYSIS

45TH AVE.

21ST ST.

50TH AVE.

44TH DR.

44TH RD.

48TH AVE.

49TH AVE.

10T

44TH DR.

EAST RIVE

RD.

1000 FEET

Figu Residential (with Commerical Below)

Not Included In Site A

Commerical

Site B

Institutional

Subarea Boundary

Transportation and Utility

Primary Subarea

Industrial and Manufacturing

Secondary Subarea

Open Space

Residential

Parking Facilities Vacant

29 JUD

Under Construction

SITE ANALYSIS

_working with anEXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE Hunters point has been defined by transportation over the years. Investigating the history of the site ultimately led to an alaysis of all the transportation infrastructures that has made Hunterspoint South what it is today. 30 THESIS

Ferry Service: Ferry routes serviced from site. This is entails a East River Ferry Northbound as well as Southbound. Bus Service: East River Ferry does not offer bus service at this location. Railroad Service: LIRR train stops at Borden Ave, while the 7 train stops at the Vernon Blvd. /Jackson Ave. Stations. Both train stops are in walking distance to the site. Bike Friendly: Bike racks are available at this landing site, offering the environmentally conscious a more sustainable mode of tranport. 31 JUD

SITE ANALYSIS

_existingMODES OF TRANPORTATION RAIL CONNECTION: Hunters Point has two Long Island Rail Road stations: Long Island City and Hunterspoint Avenue at the intersection of Hunterspoint Avenue and Skillman Avenue. They are the termini of the Montauk Branch and Hunterspoint Branch of the LIRR City Terminal Zone. LIRR commuters at Hunterspoint Avenue can connect to the nearby Hunters Point Avenue station of the subway line, the Q67 bus, or take NY Waterway ferries from the nearby docks. The #7 subway makes its first Queens stop in Hunters Point, about five minutes from Grand Central. The G carries folks between Queens and Brooklyn. The E and V subways meet at Court Square. The LIRR has limited service at Borden Ave and 2nd St. The Long Island City station is the Queens terminus for a small number of LIRR trains from Jamaica, which operate only on weekdays. The tunnel portal can be seen at the eastern end of the station. The nearest subway station to Hunterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Point South is the Vernon-Jackson Ave stop on the 7. The northeastern corner of the site is only two blocks away from the station. Hunters Point Avenue is a station on the IRT Flushing Line of the New York City Subway. This station has two tracks and two side platforms. Located at 49th Avenue (Hunters Point Avenue) and 21st Street in the Long Island City, Queens, is served by the 7 train at all times and the 7 train rush hours in the peak direction. The station is currently undergoing renovation. 32 THESIS

The Long Island City terminal was once one of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s busiest, as it was the LIRRâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s closest approach to NYC before Pennsylvania station and the East River tunnels were completed in 1910, as ferries brought patrons to Manhattan from the terminal. Today, only a few trains a week stop here, and passengers are unceremoniously discharged in the rail yard, walking a block to the Water Taxi ferry to Manhattan.

33 JUD

SITE ANALYSIS

_existingMODES OF TRANPORTATION BUS CONNECTION: The neighborhood peers into the mouth of the Midtown Tunnel, which brings the LIE to Manhattan. From nearby Queens Plaza, the Queensboro (59th Street) Bridge is a free way to Manhattan. Two bus routes serve the site, the Q103 operated by the MTA Bus Company and the B61 operated by NYCT. Over the course of the project, the city has been in talks with the MTA to extend bus service, most likely the Q103, into Hunterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Point South. There is no concrete promise to provide transit to the heart of the project, however, nor have funds to pay for more buses been publicly identified. 34 THESIS

35 JUD

WATER TRANSPORT During the summer the New York Water Taxi Company used to operate Water Taxi Beach, a public beach artificially created on a wharf along the East River, accessible at the corner of Second Street and Borden Avenue. It was discontinued in 2011 due to new construction on the site of the old landing. http://www.rtbot.net/Hunters_Point,_Queens The Hunter’s Point stop is located at 2nd Street and Borden Avenue. Regular commuter service along its East River line connected the Hunter’s Point stop with East 34th Street and Pier 11 in Manhattan, as well as Schaefer and Fulton Ferry Landings in Brooklyn. Before It closed, between approximately 6:30 and 9:00 AM and 5:00 and 7:30 PM, arrivals and departures at the Hunter’s Point stop took place about once every 45 minutes to an hour. If ferry service is popular, many Hunter’s Point residents could use it to get to work. However, since the ferries will cost more than transit, leave only every 20 minutes during rush hour, and shut down after 8 p.m., it remains to be seen how popular they will be unless a better plan is made.

36 THESIS

SITE ANALYSIS

_existingFERRY TERMINAL The existing Ferry Terminal conditions are very unimpressive at best. Having to walk across a massive parking lot, through a fenced-off contruction site, and onto a narrow floating boardwalk, the existing ferry service leaves alot to be desired. Although there are abundant signs advertising the Ferry and its services, much more needs to be done. With the incorporation of smartphone tehcnology, the ferry terminal has the chance to be much more than it currently is. 37 JUD

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

_thesis proposalSUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION The program will bring new lifestyle, recreation, education and transportation to repair and strengthen HUNTERS POINT SOUTH’S urban community. A multi-layered, three-dimensional urban organization will foster the interaction between water, landscape, building, and program. Parkland will weave through, around, and under buildings on the site, and program will extend out Sustainable Transportation in the form of mass transit. In its effort to achieve a “greener and greater New York” while accommodating one million new residents, Mayor Michael Bloomberg’s PlaNYC2030 embraced transit-oriented development” -- the concentration of new housing in neighborhoods with good access to the city’s subways and buses. The plan contends that such development will encourage these new New Yorkers to use mass transit rather than cars, helping to improve air quality and transportation efficiency. http://www.nourishingnyc.org/2012/02/29/urban-farmsustainably-repurposed-nyc-harlem-pier/ 38 THESIS

39 JUD

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

WATERFRONT REVIVAL In 2009, the City Council adopted the Waterfront Text Amendment. These text changes are now in effect. The cityplans to ensure that waterfront public access areas are inviting to the public. This will be done by facilitating high quality design elements, ensure uninterrupted waterfront access that is clearly open to the public. Also they will promote the greening of the waterfront with a variety of plant materials that provide aesthetic and ecological benefits, including trees, shrubs, and groundcover. The goal is to facilitate a wide variety of amenities, including access to water, boat launches and anchorages, and play areas. Ths will encourage a variety of landscape design, including edge treatments; and activated waterfront spaces by improving connections between the water’s edge and the upland streets. The unfortunate truth is that many of New York City’s “transit oriented” rezonings instead encourage automobile use by requiring off-street parking. They destroy the mixed-use, walk-to-work character of communities like Long Island City in favor of high-end residential redevelopment. At the same time, the city has missed huge opportunities to cluster new development around transit stations in outer borough neighborhoods like Bay Ridge and Corona, instead reducing development potential to preserve the car-oriented, suburban-like environment 40 THESIS

New York has been able to accomplish one of the broadest development agendas in its modern history by skillfully using the leverage of the bid planning and decision timetable. The remarkable development record of the past decade has provided not just a short-term burst of economic and employment activity, but it also has put in place an abundance of new waterfront parkland and recreational facilities, plus the framework for the continued addition of millions of square feet of residential and commercial space over the next three decades, which will expand our tax base and ensure the future vitality of New York. How NYC won from its failed Olympic bid By Jay Kriegel for Crains NY http://www.liqcity.com/neighborhood/examining-the-impact-of-losing-the-2012-olympic-bid-on-lic-nyc#full 41 JUD

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

HPS Residential Tower Development The thesis proposal of a transit center in an urban setting is strengthened by the huge tower development “ A mass transit system for the 5000 new residents has the potential to greatly reduce automobile pollution and encourage more sustainable lifestyles to an up anc coming urban community. Today Hunters Point is undergoing yet another transformation. The city is paying the Port Authority a total of $146 million for the 24 acres - $100 million for the property and $46 million for “remaining obligations” to the site. The Queens West initiative to build up the neighborhood’s waterfront across from Midtown has already completed Phase 2 of its plan with two high-rise residential towers completed. Further phases will bring additional residential building along with office real estate. “At Hunter’s Point South, not only will largest new affordable housing complex in more than three decades be built, it wil be done on long-vacant waterfront property that has incredible views and sits adjacent to one of New York City’s fastest growing neighborhoods,” said Mayor Bloomberg. 42 THESIS

TOWER DESIGN: Hunters Point South is envisioned as an international model of urban ecology and a laboratory for innovative sustainable thinking. The project is a seamless collaboration between Thomas Balsley Associates and Weiss/Manfredi as co-designers of the Open Space and Park and Arup as the Prime Consultant and Infrastructure designer. As one of the most ambitious and comprehensive projects undertaken by the City of New York in decades, the design incorporates numerous green initiatives, transforming a critically located but underutilized waterfront characterized by long-term disinvestment, into a new urban ecological paradigm. Surrounded by water on three sides, this post-industrial waterfront site is separated from Manhattan by the slender band of the East River. Two hundred years ago the site was a series of wetlands. Currently the site’s industrial identity reflects its strategic proximity to waterfront and rail exchange, eliminating all signs of its early ecologically rich history. “Through our New Housing Marketplace Plan, we’re building 165,000 affordable units in neighborhoods in all five boroughs, but no where else will there be such a large infusion of new, affordable units. All told, the project will provide new homes for 5,000 New York City When complete, Hunter’s Point South will be the largest affordable housing development in New York City since the early 1970s 43 JUD

Hunters Point South Proposal: Weiss/Manfredi Architects + Thomas Balsey of ARUP: Landscape Design SHoP Architects: Tower Design

44 THESIS

45 JUD

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

HUNTERS POINT SOUTH Major Development will be taking place in the Hunters Point Area. This incredible growth has begun about 10 years ago and will continue with the proposal curently in effect for 7 new residential towers. These towers will range from 300 to 440 feet tall and will provide 5000 new apartments as well as a school ground level retail, roof top green spaces and much more. These elements, along with spectacular views, provide a new landmark and destination to bring the community to the waterfront. This innovative and integrated design creates a new sustainable strategy that weaves infrastructure, landscape and architecture, bringing the city to the park and the park to the waterfront. Initially the first thought on site silelection for the transit center were on the site of the new proposed HPS tower development. The large number of new residents and the brand new site development was attractive at first. Upon further research the location of the transit center began to change, first starting on the south end of the new proposal and working its way north along the waterfront within Gantry state Park. 46 THESIS

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS Whether Hunter’s Point South turns out to be the most recent in a line of auto-oriented projects along New York City’s deindustrialized waterfront, or a project in line with the city’s sustainability goals, will depend on whether developers choose to build all the parking they are entitled to, whether the MTA extends bus service into the complex, and whether the city’s attempts to foster ferry transit across the East River are successful. As with so much of the recent waterfront development in New York City, large amounts of parking could push Hunter’s Point South residents to drive. According to the RFP, the project has no parking minimums, but developers are allowed to build a space for up to 40 percent of the residential units. The project’s environmental impact statement puts that number at 2,660 parking spaces — and therefore 2,660 more cars — if built to the maximum.

Questions Remain for Hunter’s Point South Transpo Plan by Noah Kazis http://www.streetsblog.org/2011/02/09/questions-remain-for-hunters-point-southtranspo-plan/

Hunter’s Point South is planned to include laudable bike and pedestrian infrastructure. The city’s RFP calls for a two-way bike lane protected by a landscaped median to run the length of both 2nd Street and Center Boulevard, the two main north-south corridors through the project. 47 JUD

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Throughout history the biggest hurdle for a new idea is often gaining widespread acceptance. Steven Holl once said: “Architecture must remain experimental and open to new ideas and aspirations in the face of conservative forces that constantly push it toward the already proven, already built, and already thought. Architects must explore the not yet felt. The realization of one inspired idea in turn inspires another” . Designers and engineers are only a small fraction of the ones who have to be convinced on the benefits of green building for it to be the future. The public, or the average pedestrian, makes up the majority of the worlds population. For this reason their opinions on Green buildings and eco-design have an impact on how long it takes for a true sustainable revolution to take place. For this reason designing public spaces that are ecofriendly and implore sustainable strategies could be the annwer. Gantry State Park With affordable housing, green spaces and a revitalized waterfront, the development project at Hunters Point South will create a new and vibrant community for all New Yorkers to enjoy,” said Congressman Joe Crowley. “Together with the revitalization of Willets Point and the greening of Queens, this innovative project at Hunters Point is the next step in transforming Queens to the 21st century.” City of Water Day kickoff meeting March 26th, 2012 from 6-8pm

48 THESIS

49 JUD

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

GANTRY STATE PARK HAS : A URBAN HARDSCAPE RESENCE, A GREEN PARK SPACE PRESENCE AND A WATERFONT PRESENCE Gantry Plaza State Park is a 12-acre riverside oasis that boasts spectacular views of the midtown Manhattan skyline, including the Empire State Building and the United Nations. Enjoy a relaxing stroll along the park’s four piers or through the park’s manicured gardens and unique mist fountain. Along the way take a moment to admire the rugged beauty of the park’s centerpieces restored gantries. These industrial monuments were once used to load and unload rail car floats and barges; today they are striking reminders of our waterfront’s past. With the city skyline as a backdrop and the gantries as a stage, the park’s plaza is a wonderful place to enjoy a spring or summer concert. Recreational facilities include basketball courts, playgrounds, handball courts, and a fishing pier with its own cleaning table. 50 THESIS

51 JUD

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

_analysisGANTRY STATE PARK

The gantries not only act as a reminder of the areas bustling industrial past but also acts as a billboard for Long Island that is an icon similar to how the pepsi cola sign is used further north in ganrty park. The gantries are also a stage for performances that often occur in the park. The event is called â&#x20AC;&#x153;Live at the Gantiresâ&#x20AC;? and can be used to attract people to the site. 52 THESIS

53 JUD

54 THESIS

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Orientatin Studies: The images to the right are the preliminary studies of ways the transit center could interact with the gantries of Gantry State Park. These were done in the early stages of the project and really helped with discovering many design strategies that could benefit this proposal. The analysis to the left was done as a series of quick sketches investigating the possibilities of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;building creating a coveâ&#x20AC;? as well as different ways to interact with one of the existing Gantires. 55 JUD

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK _creating aDESTINATION

56 THESIS

Using the Historic Icon as a Gateway for all those coming to or leaving from Long

Tall + Small Footprint = An Object = A Thing

Flat + Spread-out = An Destination = A Place

57 JUD

58 THESIS

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Hunter’s Point South Waterfront Park

Illustrative Site Plan

11.19.09

1” = 60’-0” 11

It seemed advantageous to settle on a centralized location within Gantry State Park. This will make it easy to capture the highest amount of residents from the neighboring residential towers by using the park to funnel people to the Transit Center. Also, by using this location, the Transit Center can function as a link between both halves of gantry state park. The transit center will be able to use either one of the gantries as a visual locator from either side of the park. if it were place with two gantries on one side the building would block clear view to the “long island city” title on the gantires. 59 JUD

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

_siteTHE WATER’S EDGE THE PROPOSAL FOR THE EXTENSION OF GANTRY STATE PARK THAT WILL ACOMPANY THE HPS TOWERS IN THE NEAR FUTURE WAS DESIGN WITH RISING WATER LEVELS IN MIND 60 THESIS

Hunter’s Point South Waterfront Park

Illustrative Site Plan

11.19.09

1” = 60’-0” 11

Insert Text Here

61 JUD

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

ENVRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

_siteENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Climate Long Island City, New York is a good place to live with its acceptable level of annual temperature change. Average min temperature of Long Island City, New York in January is 25.1, average min temperature in July is 61.1. Average precipitation in January is 3.54, in July it is 6.72. Being right on the water, this site is more affected by the environmental conditions than a site that is located more inland. With wind blowing right up the east river, this site will be more vulnerable to the elements. Also being so close to the water, the project will have to account for how the tides will affect the transit center.

62 THESIS

63 JUD

SITE ANALYSIS

_hurricaneSANDY 64 THESIS

65 JUD

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

_water levelRISING INEVITABLILTY

It is inevitable that the site will be affected by some flooding if a hurricane or severe storm makes landfall anywhere close to New York City. If nothing is done to anticipate this , HUGE, amounts of money will be wasted long-term. THE POTENTIAL FOR RISING WATER LEVELS BECAME A MAJOR DESIGN ELEMENT HAD TO BE TAKEN INTO CAREFUL CONSIDERATION 66 THESIS

67 JUD

68 THESIS

THE HUNTERS POINT SOUTH WATERFRONT IS DEFINED BY ITS ICONIC VIEWS OF THE MANHATTAH SKYLINE

69 JUD

PROJECT DEVELOPMEMNT

URBAN PARKSPACE MEETS THE WATERFRONT: DESIGN POSSIBILITIES:

With a public transit center, the more the building is used the more sustainable the area will become because of reduced CO2 emissions due to the reduced amount of automobile traffic. Is it then safe to say the building should be designed in a way that most effectively attracts users? If we know that green design features can positively affect building users and how that can be one of the primary ways to increase marketability, shouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t that be of the most important design goals? 70 THESIS

PROJECT DEVELOPMEMNT 71 JUD

Handling the Waterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Edge The Transit Center has to respond to the rigid urban grid on one side while respecting the soft waterfront edgeâ&#x20AC;?. Ideas of both grid and waves began to work their way into the project. The sketch above was one of the first design intent sketches done for this project. There are some vague ideas on form and organization but much development was needed.

Below to the right are the preliminary sketches for how the project would anticipate the perdestrain traffic withthe way the tranist center was oreintated on the water.

The design strategies were established but much development was needed on how the Building would anticipate the rising water and work with it Below to the left are a few studies on potential ways to investigate the not against it. relationships between the transit center and the coastline. All three ideas slowly worked their way into the design until a hybrid of the three worked

72 THESIS

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

73 JUD

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

Making the Transit Center work with the site its what gave it form. The boardwalk typology was used to inform the structural strategy. The idea of collumns or stilts supporting a large horizontal and flat boardwalk structure was applied to the building. The sketch directly to the right was the first attempt on the structural strategy. This idea was eventually scraped because there was nothing justifying a steel truss structure for this application. The sketch below to the right illustrates the final structural strategy. The Transit Center is made up of many thin HSS steel collumns that are round referencing the wood ones that make up the boardwalk structure. The collumns work together to support a deep concrete waffle slab. This slab then supports two lightweight steel fraimed floors below that are hung using steel cables. The concrete elevator core is tied into several interor cross bracing walls providing structural rigidity. Raising the project on stilts for several reasons: the building was lifted on stilts not only to allow for an unobstructed view of the manhattan skyline but it was also done to allow the pedestrians to remain connected to the waterfront. another bonus to raising the pransit center on stilts was that the rising water level, no matter how severe, would not endanger the building. 74 THESIS

75 JUD

_unobstructing importantVIEWS

76 THESIS

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

Intent of using the virtical nature of the parkscapes treens combined with the pier typology present at the waterfront, a collumn landscape was chosen as a means of fitting the transit center delicately in the site To be successful in this location you need to capitalize on viewsâ&#x20AC;?, and for this reason unobstructing the stunning views was a priority through design development.

77 JUD

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

We know lack of established green zones in cities is a factor of urban sprawl. Quality green space, especially with trees, takes in carbon at an increasing rate, as the plants grow larger. Over time this filters the air and helps reduce greenhouse gases. Bringing green space to the urban landscape is one way that we can have a better relationship with the environment. Green space can help with important services including water filtration and absorption, air filtration, noise buffering, and nutrient cycling. Green space can be a place for exercise, relaxation and social interaction, contributing significantly to people’s quality of life in the city. It will not only improve the quality of life for the public, but it if done properly and by using the proper sustainable strategies, it can repair some of the damage cities have done to our planet already. Providing an alternate to defening ourselves with concrete amd steel, that opts for a transition zone with islands, wetlands, and graded embankments, allowing the city to cooperate with the sea, rather than trying to banish it.” Ken Yeang, a brilliant mind in the field of green design, believes a building should function as an ecosystem. He states: “What we should be trying to do is make a building into a living system…balancing the organic with the inorganic in a building is crucial” . His eco skyscrapers make an effort to rediscover green space that has been lost at the ground level by the footprint of the built environment. 78 THESIS

79 JUD

80 THESIS

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

“Green Transportation Center Green Buildings have the potential to do more than just save energy. There are many benefits including the psychological benefits the building user will experience. To put it simply people feel better in green buildings. They are not only healthier, but they claim an enhanced sense of well-being “Modes of Transport connecting land –(in the form of Bus, Bike, and pedestrian traffic), with water - (in the form of Ferry Water Taxi and Kayak)”The sketch on the page to the left illustrates incorporating design intents with transportation goals

81 JUD

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

This was the first sketch done for the project. The idea of having green space flowing onto the architecture combined with the goal of reaching out over the water formed this sectional sketch.

Shifting from the being placed on land and cantilevering over the water to having the entire building lifted up over the water brought about many design possibilities. A series of sectional interactions began to be formed through manipulating the floor plates.

Having the task of bridging from the strict-grid/urban fabric through a parkscape and out over the water towards manhanttan sparked an investigation of having the hardscape be an extension of the street. The sketch to the right illustrates the goal. 82 THESIS

Sectional Evolution

The idea of a flat top with an undulating underside offered many intersting relationships between the Transit Center and the newly created wetland park planned to go underneath. Points where these two meet were the most going to be highlights within the project.

Unobstructed views defined the transit center in ways. The idea of using views to draw people from Gantry State Park though the hardscape into the transit Center and evetually using the ferry service was incorporated from early on.

With the main thesis proposal to incorporate green design strategies to increase sustainability, the amount of new greenery was maximized with two new parks: A vegetated rooftop oasis and a urban wetland park.

83 JUD

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

As development of the wetland park and its relationship to the Transit Center continued, interesting architectural moments occured. This forest of collumns referenced several site specific elements, including, the trees from the park, the pylons of the waterfornt boardwalk, and the structural collumns of the lifted Transit Center.

Views under the building was not the only focus. With this prime location, the Transit Center had to capitalize on views whereever it could. The manipulation of the floorplate kept increasing until all the desired relaionships through views were present. Linking by views became a strategy moving forward.

The sketch to the right is one of the first atempts at combining all of the previous design intents with the architectural strategies already established. 84 THESIS

Sectional Evolution

The structural methodology changed drastically after the mid-review. The Building went from steel collumns supporting a massive truss system to the steel collumns supporting a large structural waffle slab which had the lower floor suspended from it. The structural steel collumns echo down into smaller ones that enforce the wetland park.

To the left is a quick sketch applying all the previous design intents with the new waffle slab structural method. A series of square platforms further echoes the building above and are supported with the smaller steel collumns

This final building section shows the result of the sectional development study that took place.. This section cuts through the final ramp design. 85 JUD

LIC TRANSIT CENTER

86 THESIS

DESIGN

SOLUTIONS 87 JUD

88 THESIS

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

89 JUD

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

_an experiencialURBAN

GREEN-SPACE

A multi-layered, three-dimensional urban organization will foster the interaction between water, landscape, building, and program. By incorporating affordable-eco-friendly mass transportation systems with a public park this project can encourage the thousands of new residents to a more sustainable lifestyle greatly reducing the potential for increase pollution Bringing green space to the urban landscape is one way that we can have a better relationship with the environment. Green space can help with important services including water filtration and absorption, air filtration, noise buffering, and nutrient cycling. Green space can be a place for exercise, relaxation and social interaction, contributing significantly to the quality of life in the city.

Final perspectival section

90 THESIS

This innovative and integrated design creates a new sustainable strategy that weaves infrastructure, landscape and architecture, bringing the city to the park and the park to the waterfront. It respects the natural ecology and replaces it, as opposed to carelessly building over it, in contrast with traditional planning methods.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Providing an alternate to defending ourselves with concrete amd steel, the Transit Center opts for a transition zone with islands, wetlands, and graded embankments, allowing the projet to cooperate with the sea, rather than trying to banish it. It is inevitable that the site will be affected by some flooding if a hurricane or severe storm makes landfall anywhere close to New York City (Hurricane Sandy being the most recent example. If nothing is done to anticipate this , HUGE, amounts of money will be wasted long-term.

All final renders created for this project were produced using a combination of an autodesk Revit building model combined with photoshop montage techniques. PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

91 JUD

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

DEVELOPING THE APROACH The HPS Transit Center will bring new lifestyle, recreation, education and transportation to repair and strengthen the Hunterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Point South urban community. The project will make a connection with the landscape in which public green space and architecture intermingle seamlessly. The Transit Center has to respond to the rigid urban grid on one side while respecting the soft waterfront edge on the other. One subway stop from Midtown, this working-class and industrial neighborhood has the potential to transform the way New York Transportation system operates.

final rendering of approach

92 THESIS

sketches developing the approach

93 JUD

94 THESIS

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

_transit centerCIRCULATION

MOVEMENT: UPWARD

95 JUD

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

96 THESIS

_transit centerMOVEMENT UPWARD t et qui beaquam quidia voluptas volorio nsequamet di voluptat liqui unt ut quibus aute labores etur moluptae possi antionsed quaectu saperov idebit apicid magnatur sunditam, nobitatur? Qui tem inum sedi tem rerist quis illorepere nissitate con necatur as minciet, te nobis mi, sitiorro delecer chitatemo officit od essed minis audaecae porepedit qui omniate rem aut ea poreser natius aut eos resed mod ut int, am eos exceste voloriate prercim ande velest et, sitati corenes de nissus eosantu ribusdant hillanist, ventis evel idis quo corae nectat lam, que disti blaudio repelicidis quae sectur alique plitem untur? As atiunt. Caborio beat ullendis as expedit pratem nos plandi rerum quibus arunt. Ape core lit possit quae pos eos rerat. Dunt volupictias es ipiet officident, officillab im sedis molum ese ilit, qui reribus cidelic ipitat volute pa nonsequi vit, corera idis il maio maio officid que nimi, simaximporum latiis iusda non estio con rem in conseque porrovit lam fugiam quaestem que rat. Tur atur modiorp orerum a sus, vendipsani aut a que veles am reperibus amus nobit dolo tem volesInihit, optat voluptatquae naturerem faceptat aut eatendis si dipsunt re eum vel et laboriberit autenist quatquam non nihilicil est volectiae nonem fugitatiis rehent eres adi beaquis et qui dolorro dolor se nem. Et volorru mquamus reiuntur remporiae es none nectini accaeribusam dolupti in re num ipsandu

97 JUD

DESIGN SOLUTIONS _transit centerMOVEMENT DOWNWARD It respects the natural ecology and replaces it, as opposed to carelessly building over it. In contrast with traditional planning methods, eco master-planning aims to restore stressed and disfigured ecosystems. Yeang believes a building should function as an ecosystem. He states: “What we should be trying to do is make a building into a living system…balancing the organic with the inorganic in a building is crucial”. His eco skyscrapers make an effort to rediscover green space that has been lost at the ground level by the footprint of the built environment (see figure 5). Most people don’t realize in their chaotic day-to-day life that cities are connected to larger ecosystems and don’t exist in isolation. Beneath the steel and concrete of cities are the soil and waterways that are connected to the areas beyond the city. Everyday unclean water is dumped back into streams. Polluted air is pumped back into the atmosphere, harming ecosystems.

98 THESIS

99 JUD

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

THE TRANSIT CENTER FROM WITHIN THE GANTRAY STATE PARK GREEN SPACE Yeang forms connections between this self-sufficient eco city and the surrounding environment via a linear landscaped park that runs throughout not only the plans but also the sections. This helps to enhance biodiversity, reduce local heat island effect, and manage water. Looking at the blue infrastructures, all water is treated locally, filtered and reused in an effort to rely less on global resources (see figure 7). Nis a cone ea nusdae dist, non corpore ptiosa nes aut re odignat. Ne eos dolor suntiis exceperro iditaquo etumqui odi as sequi cor ab int arciam is es at quid ento et hil ipsapiste volorate por sent, simagnis mosaperitat quibus. Ent ut quisquation poresequiae dolor alite doluptatem ut est, qui doluptas enem qui qui sinverrunt faciat asitiam untios et auda vel essunt omnihic atemperum reheni nus, omnimetus ent rendantibus adit, vellum sunt liquiae reium fugiam quia ad untionsequia et imodi coritem ipsant et parum dolupta nossitam, odipsa volupti nvenist aperum abori ut vent. Doluptatem eiusae vella enis ero delic te nit pro dolorepe se con possin repellabori dolupiti re verspis eiur sendign atquia cus iliquidit latur, sum dollam viducii ssimaximus autat voloren dendandunt fugit occae magnihi litium sitem solore nulpa qui dolores estrum voloreium fugiass imusani mporitas conserum, ommosae. Nempos et volorep erferias voloris et verio elesedignate etur? Pelitatem sit ipis renduci enditas moloriti nimus des el ium quam id miliquo stibus volor molla 100 THESIS

Insert Text Here

101 JUD

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

The movement upward was made into an experiencial moment to be celebrated The ramp is composed of a series of pre fabricated post tensioned concrete sections. The sketch series on the right is developing the cross section of the proposed ramp. The render on the page to the right offers a view under the building, allowing a view of the stunning manhattan skyline but also the wetland park amongst a forest of collumns. Nis a cone ea nusdae dist, non corpore ptiosa nes aut re odignat. Ne eos dolor suntiis exceperro iditaquo etumqui odi as sequi cor ab int arciam is es at quid ento et hil ipsapiste volorate por sent, simagnis mosaperitat quibus. Ent ut quisquation poresequiae dolor alite doluptatem ut est, qui doluptas enem qui qui sinverrunt faciat asitiam untios et auda vel essunt omnihic atemperum reheni nus, omnimetus ent rendantibus adit, vellum sunt liquiae reium fugiam quia ad untionsequia et imodi coritem ipsant et parum dolupta nossitam, odipsa volupti nvenist aperum abori ut vent. Doluptatem eiusae vella enis ero delic te nit pro dolorepe se con possin repellabori dolupiti re verspis eiur sendign atquia cus iliquidit latur, sum dollam viducii ssimaximus autat voloren dendandunt fugit occae magnihi litium sitem solore nulpa qui dolores estrum voloreium fugiass imusani mporitas conserum, ommosae. Nempos et volorep erferias voloris et verio elesedignate etur? Pelitatem sit ipis renduci enditas moloriti nimus des el ium quam id miliquo stibus volor mollabo. Name doluptaecae vellupt atiore voluptatem sero ius rerz 102 THESIS

103 JUD

104 THESIS

105 JUD

ROOF LEVEL FUNCTION:

URBAN GREEN SPACE STRUCTURAL WAFFLE SLAB

PROGRAM:

ROOF TOP PARK GREY WATER COLLECTION GREY WATER TREATMENT LOW WATER DEMAND VEG

UPPER LEVEL FUNCTION:

DINING/LEISURE

PROGRAM:

RESTAURANT CAFE/LOUNGE BAR KITCHEN WAITING AREAS RESTROOMS

MAIN LEVEL FUNCTION: PROGRAM:

TRANSIT TICKET COUNTER INFO CENTER WAITING AREAS SEATING AREAS RESTROOMS

WATER LEVEL PROGRAM:

URBAN GREEN SPACE

WETLAND PARK FLOATING BOARDWALKS COLLUMN LANDSCAPE

106 THESIS

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

The sectional image above was created using a laser-cut chipboard model that was then photographed and rendered using Adobe Photoshop 107 JUD

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

_first floorSPACES

MAIN LEVEL FUNCTION: PROGRAM:

108 THESIS

TRANSIT TICKET COUNTER INFO CENTER WAITING AREAS SEATING AREAS RESTROOMS

Hendit quid que volut lab inimolo temporr ovident. Delignihicil exeribusam etust, net di dolum iunt doluptatquis comnis nectaquas dolutem faces assin esciur, num quibeation rerit, net ulluptate verrum ad quas sa necerae nobite verum, odit, totaecescit es velecusam, conesento volecab inciis ut hit eni berumenis consenis illaces aut officiet etur sitibus anderferum volupta tureseq uassunt. Minctiatusam est dolorit iurehen duntur remolorit que vel eturitia denest evelitias nest et expeliquam facipsu ntionse ruption rat. De porem net es magnistem conseque ra parcia cuscia que et et, offic te alit re, acepuda velibus apiendel id quost la et expel inctaqui volore net, tecusamet velligendae consequam labor aliquis suntium rem idi autamus et porepudio. Eptur archictam fuga. Nus aped ut voloreptur? Apictis vent, tem ipit fugiasperi blabo. Tem nes aut quod moluptam venis rehendis nobit faceperias eumquo im aut adipsapienis dolesedi tescius idis delles eicat et aligeni dolor solor mi, ut in pellandio te

Insert Text Here

109 JUD

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

MOVEMENT: Estiat quate non placessum dolor sam, tectatum conectioreic tem inum rehenie nihitae verum, sin etur maionseque erchicto comnia nis aut lam commodis de que ommodis ciaspellum vel et quostiostet unt ditio. Itatus aut aut laut res untum quasi venduntiore por sit re consequatur alignam, corat lanis exeremp oribus remquo quas nimus, ut reniendis es excerch illatio nsendis qui omnia dolorpora consequ istiasp ellorat ut et maximpor amendi unt ex explaccus, tempos ma pa custiisquis nulluptatur sumet parum con consequi dolluptaeped eos iust voloremquiam quis non porum sediant. Xerspid qui torro voluptae nonsequae nisciet eseque rectisq uatectat. Onesequi tem qui dolut int, sum volupta voloressi con nem renditam nus, nem everae pellabo. Eles reritat. Ti consectorat ullatur sam inimporempos verro molut odipit aut ommolectur maio vendae lit aliquat quiscidus dolupidero et etur sit laborit doluptas adis 110 THESIS

Insert Text Here

111 JUD

_second floorPROGRAM

_second floorSPACES UPPER LEVEL FUNCTION:

DINING/LEISURE

PROGRAM:

RESTAURANT CAFE/LOUNGE BAR KITCHEN WAITING AREAS RESTROOMS

112 THESIS

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

113 JUD

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

Waffle Slab Development Nonserume doluptassi as ullautemo omnimped untempo ssenti nonet enim quiatium, quas ut la vel magnis quam, od magnis resedit iatatenias dolum si utati rectur alitet dolor aut quis voloreictent acianda quam quidentur assecearum estis del et eatus, soluptatem aut eosapid untiaerum quam aut undani que commoluptur rendam nat. Alita dolore exces as event, estis essum, nam as adi conseque voluptaepre pro cus. Umqui delenditi voluptatio to to temque prae suscim qui duciento bea eles delitaspero bearum faccus eum laccum faccabore voluptas ea sunt aut abo. Namendus dolorrum re que apelique alis aspedip 114 THESIS

115 JUD

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

Visitors can make their way up through the building. first finding their desired ferry time and purchasing tickets. moving up though the waiting area and deciding to grab a bite to eat in the cafe before heading up to the rooftop park. Up on the roof the clear un obstructed views of the water allow visitors to see the ferry they have to catch as it aproaches the site. The vegetated rooftop park will become an urban oasis for all the residents of the Hunters Point South development to utilize. Fully inhabitable public park for neighborhood residents and transit users: Open lawn area Botanical planting Main plaza with café and seating Children’s play areas Amphitheater and stage Sustainable Aspirations Decrease impermeable (roof) surface Detain/retain stormwater Construct rooftop wetland to treat building’s Graywater Greywater reuse for irrigation, park water features, or use in building Low water demand vegetation and specifically acclimated plants Sustainable design features including a living “green” roof, thermal mass and night ventilation to allow passive cooling to the building, natural daylight, LEED energy efficiency and other green building techniques This helps to enhance biodiversity, reduce local heat island effect, and manage water. Looking at the blue infrastructures, all water is treated locally, filtered and reused in an effort to rely less on global resources. As far as energy generating and conserving methods heat recovery systems and solar powered air heaters are dispersed through the buildings and along the tower facades. 116 THESIS

117 JUD

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

Solupta sequiam fuga. Epuditatur, solor soleni il evendi venditis seque nessit, cullo cones acidunt quia del modisi od et ad ea incto idi diat. Sit quis dio. Ut autempos dit accum quatem acepuditem hillaborest aut expellatiis mo eventur si tem senimpos sapeles trundunto bla ea volore rem. Maionecae voluptaturia volorem fugit vit autem int. Parum doluptasitem et, seque et illatioste lacia numquibusam ex et laudam eicienima ne corem liquodignate ped quidipsus moluptiorum am fugia simus ea volupta tquodit atiatus se perferum atem nam quos ut quod moditam voluptam audae lam quam as ea delitatam quo maioremRovita nit lam res non re eaquoss umquibu stionserum que rehent. 118 THESIS

119 JUD

DESIGN SOLUTIONS _arriving or departing onFERRY

120 THESIS

Insert Text Here

121 JUD

122 THESIS

Site Panoramas Precedents Preliminary reviews Bibliography

a p e n d i x

Process Development

123 JUD

PROCESS DEVELOPMENT developing the bus stop?

124 THESIS

125 JUD

PROCESS DEVELOPMENT

126 THESIS

Bus stop - building access studies

127 JUD

PROCESS DEVELOPMENT

128 THESIS

Initial ramping studies

129 JUD

PROCESS DEVELOPMENT

130 THESIS

131 JUD

SITE PANORAMA’S

132 THESIS

133 JUD

SITE PANORAMA’S

134 THESIS

135 JUD

SITE PANORAMA’S

136 THESIS

137 JUD

SITE PANORAMA’S

138 THESIS

139 JUD

SITE PANORAMA’S

140 THESIS

141 JUD

ASSIGNMENT 1: DESIGN INTENT COLLAGE

142 THESIS

SEMESTER PROGRESS

143 JUD

PRELIMINARY REVIEW

144 THESIS

SEMESTER PROGRESS

145 JUD

PRELIMINARY RENDERS

146 THESIS

SEMESTER PROGRESS

147 JUD

MID-SEMESTER REVIEW

148 THESIS

SEMESTER PROGRESS

149 JUD

MID-SEMESTER SECTION

150 THESIS

SEMESTER PROGRESS

151 JUD

END OF SEMESTER REVIEW

152 THESIS

SEMESTER PROGRESS

153 JUD

FINAL THESIS PRESENTATION

THESIS STUDIO FALL 2012

DANIEL JUD

USING AN EXISTING ICON SKETCH SHOWING HOW THE WATERFRONT VIEWS PULL PEDESTRIANS THROUGH THE SITE

SKETCH DEVELOPING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE BUILDING AND THE WETLAND PARK BELOW AND THE ROOF TOP PARK ABOVE

MAKING THE TRANSIT CENTER WORK WITH THE SITE ITS WHAT GIVES IT FORM

SKETCH SHOWING HOW THE TRANSIT CENTER INCREASES PARK SPACE

SKETCH OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEM: COLLUMNS SUPPORT THE WAFFLE SLAB AND THE SLAB SUPPORTS THE HANGING FLOORS BELOW

SKETCH APPLYING FLOOR PLATE DESIGN TO THE WAFFLE SLAB STRUCTURE SKETCH OF MANIPULATING FLOOR PLATE FOR DESIRED VIEWS

Green space flowing from ground level onto the architecture image from Eco masterplanning – Ken Yeang

VERTICAL CIRCULATION

MODES OF TRANPORTATION INCORPORATED INTO DESIGN THESIS STATEMENTS The combination of over densification, misuse of natural resources and shortage of urban green space has begun to bring about a need for change. Our built environment needs to make less of a negative impact on our planet.

APPROACH FROM STREET

154 THESIS

Beneath the steel and concrete of cities are the soil and waterways that are connected to the areas far beyond the city. The air pollution created by cities reduces the quality of the air we breathe at an alarming rate.

ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES

TRANSIT CENTER

NEED TO REDUCE POLLUTION Architecture needs to be responsible to the larger social, economic, and environmental context. Cities don’t exist in isolation; they are connected to much larger ecosystems and can damage habitats for many species if not handled correctly.

We as a society have an undeniable need to reduce the amount of Co2 emmisions we are pumping into our atmosphere. Global warming can be largely attributed to the abundant burning of fossil fuels caused by the enormous amount of automobile traffic. This reason alone is why a Mass Transit needs to be encouraged.

The HPS Transit Center will bring new lifestyle, recreation, education and transportation to repair and strengthen the Hunter’s Point South urban community. The project will make a connection with the landscape in which public green space and architecture intermingle seamlessly.

VIEW FROM WITHIN PARK

The Transit Center has to respond to the rigid urban grid on one side while respecting the soft waterfront edge on the other. One subway stop from Midtown, this working-class and industrial neighborhood has the potential to transform the

way New York Transportation system operates. A multi-layered, three-dimensional urban organization will foster the interaction between water, landscape, building, and program. By incorporating affordable-eco-friendly mass transportation

systems with a public park this project can encourage the thousands of new residents to a more sustainable lifestyle greatly reducing the potential for increased pollution Bringing green space to the urban landscape is one way that we can have a

VIEW UNDER THE BUILDING WHILE MOVING UP THE RAMP

better relationship with the environment. Green space can help with important services including water filtration and absorption, air filtration, noise buffering, and nutrient cycling. Green space can be a place for exercise, relaxation and social interaction, contributing significantly to the quality of life in the city.

carelessly building over it, in contrast with traditional planning methods. Providing an alternate to defending ourselves with concrete amd steel, the Transit Center opts for a transition zone with islands, wetlands, and

VIEW TOWARD MANHATTAN FROM TOP OF WAITING AREA

graded embankments, allowing th projet to cooperate with the sea, rath than trying to banish it. It is inevitab that the site will be affected by som flooding if a hurricane or seve storm makes landfall anywhere clos to New York City (Hurricane Sand

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

ROOF LEVEL FUNCTION: URBAN GREEN SPACE STRUCTURAL WAFFLE SLAB PROGRAM: ROOF TOP PARK GREY WATER COLLECTION GREY WATER TREATMENT LOW WATER DEMAND VEG

UPPER LEVEL

UPPER LEVEL PLAN

FUNCTION: DINING/LEISURE PROGRAM: RESTAURANT CAFE/LOUNGE BAR KITCHEN WAITING AREAS RESTROOMS MAIN LEVEL FUNCTION: TRANSIT PROGRAM: TICKET COUNTER INFO CENTER WAITING AREAS SEATING AREAS RESTROOMS SKETCH DEVELOPMENT OF THE APPROACH AND ENTRY TO WETLAND

WATER LEVEL PROGRAM: URBAN GREEN SPACE WETLAND PARK FLOATING BOARDWALKS COLLUMN LANDSCAPE

MAIN LEVEL PLAN

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

SKETCHES OF WETLAND PARK DEVELOPMENT

FERRY ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE DEVELOPMENT

EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

RISING WATER LEVEL -HURRICANE SANDY STREET LEVEL PLAN

being the most recent example. If nothing is done to anticipate this , HUGE, amounts of money will be wasted long-term. Most people don’t realize in their chaotic day-to-day life that cities are

LASERCUT SECTIONAL MODEL

connected to larger ecosystems and don’t exist in isolation. Beneath the steel and concrete of cities are the soil and waterways that are connected to the areas beyond the city. Everyday unclean

water is dumped back into streams. Polluted air is pumped back into the atmosphere, harming ecosystems.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

he her ble me ere se dy

SEMESTER PROGRESS

VIEW TOWARD MANHATTAN FROM WITHIN THE CAFE AREA

VIEW TOWARD THE TRANSIT CENTER FROM THE GANTRY STATE PARK HARDSCAPE AT SUNSET

VIEW TOWARD LONG ISLAND CITY FROM END OF PIER

VIEW TOWARD LONG ISLAND CITY FROM MANHATTAN'S EAST SHORE

155 JUD

PRECEDENTS

San Francisco Transbay Transit Center designed by Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects

The new Transbay Transit Center will be built on the site of the former Transbay Terminal in downtown San Francisco. The new bus and rail facility will serve as San Franciscoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s next landmark One million square foot regional transportation hub serving eleven transit operators The former Transbay Terminal was constructed in 1939 to facilitate rail travel across the Bay Bridge. Following World War II, the lower deck of the Bay Bridge was converted to automobile traffic and the Transbay Terminal became a bus only facility. The bus terminal no longer met current or future transportation needs of the region or State. The Great Hall, a ground-level floor with an open air main entrance off Mission Street known as Mission Square, which will include an information center, ticket kiosks, automated ticketing and the main escalators A dramatic Light Column in the Great Hall, which will allow natural daylight into the Transit Center 156 THESIS

157 JUD

PRECEDENTS

Highlights of the design include: “City Park,” a 5.4-acre rooftop park on top of the Transit Center which will include an open air amphitheater, gardens, a trail for running/walking, open grass areas for picnics, lily ponds and more. Sustainable design features including a living “green” roof, thermal mass and night ventilation to allow passive cooling to the building, natural daylight, LEED energy efficiency and other green building techniques Public art space inside the Transit Center. Ground floor retail on Natoma and Minna streets as well as Mission Square 158 THESIS

159 JUD

PRECEDENTS

160 THESIS

Project by Perkins and Will for the Helping Park in Tianjin, China 161 JUD

Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography 1. Girardet, Herbert. Cities People Planet: Urban Development and Climate Change. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2008. Print. This source offers a very detailed look into the contributors of why we need to design sustainable today. This book lists many useful facts about the growth and densification of cities. 2. Zitkovic, Maja. “Managing Green Spaces for Urban Biodiversity.” Countdown 2010 - Save Biodiversity. IUCN, 2008. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://www.countdown2010.net>. rde This source contains a wide range of ways to manage green spaces for urban biodiversity. It lists reasons why we need to increase biodiversity in cities in an attempt to help cities make less of a negative environmental impact. 3. Yeang, Ken. Ecomasterplanning. Chichester: Wiley, 2009. Print. This source serves as the basis for the paper. It talks about all aspects of eco masterplanning because Ken Yeang is the foremost designer and noted authority on ecologically responsive design and planning. His diagrams and methods for carrying a eco project from site analysis to project completion are exactly what 21st century architects should be doing 4. McHarg, Ian L. Design with Nature. Garden City, NY: Published for the American Museum of Natural History [by] the Natural History, 1969. Print. This source was used for a quote pertaining to how humans have severely impacted our planet throughout the 20th century. 5.

Benton-Short, Lisa, and John R. Short. Cities and Nature. London: Routledge, 2007. Print.

This source gives a look into how we can integrate the natural environment into our cities and why this is a concern. 6. Yeang, Ken, Sara Hart, and David Littlefield. Eco Architecture: the Work of Ken Yeang. West Sussex: Wiley, 2011. Print. This source offers detailed information on eco design strategies. Ken Yeang has many years of experience on the subject and offers convincing arguments for smart growth 7. “Marina Bay Sands Skypark Opens.” Designboom. 25 June 2010. Web. 19 Dec. 2011. <http://www.designboom.com/weblog/cat/9/view/10653/moshe-safdie-marina-bay-sands-skypark-opens.html>. This source offers a look at a project that replaces some of the green spaces taken up by the buildings footprint. This project does this elevating the space and incorporating it into the verticality of the architecture. This example is to be used to contrast the work of Ken Yeang.

162 THESIS

163 JUD