Monthly market report jan 2018

Page 1

JANUARY 2018


UPDATES UPDATES


The New Tax Code and its Impact on Residential Real Estate


https://members.bridgebuilderskcm.com/taxreform/




How did we finish 2017? 1. New-home sales are at the highest level in a decade. 2. Sales of previously owned homes are at the highest level in more than a decade. 3. Starts of single-family homes are the strongest in a decade and applications to build such properties advanced to the fastest pace since August 2007.


Mortgage Rate Projections Quarter

Freddie Mac

Fannie Mae

MBA

NAR

Average of All

2018 1Q

4.1

4.0

4.2

4.2

4.13

2018 2Q

4.3

4.1

4.4

4.3

4.28

2018 3Q

4.4

4.1

4.6

4.4

4.38

2018 4Q

4.6

4.2

4.8

4.5

4.53 1/2018


Total Home Sales in millions 2017

2018

6.4

6.4

6.27

6.45

6.25 6.18 6.1

5.98

National Association of Realtors

Freddie Mac

Mortgage Bankers Association

Fannie Mae


Buyer Traffic 2017 Better now than the past spring market

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov NAR


“America’s housing market is gearing up for a robust year ahead. Builders are more optimistic, demand is strong and lean inventory is keeping prices elevated. What’s more, the tax legislation signed by President Trump may not pose as big a risk to demand from homebuyers as earlier versions did.” Bloomberg Business


The New Tax Code and its Impact on Residential Real Estate


57.1%

"How will the tax bill likely influence your home sale this year?"

13.9% 10%

No Impact

I will sell faster

11.4% 7.6%

I will sell slower I will postpone my home sale

Other move.com


29.2%

22.9%

"What likely impact will the tax bill have on your plans to buy a home this year?" 18.5% 14.2% 12%

2.3% I will buy faster

No impact

I will buy slower

I will purchase a less expensive home

I will postpone my I will purchase in a plans to buy this different location year

0.9% Other

move.com


How important a part of the

53%

American Dream is owning a home? 22%

18%

5% The Most Important

Very Important

Somewhat Important

Not Very Important

2% Not at all important

1% Don't know

NeighborWorks America


% that agree that owning a home increases a person’s

financial stability % that would feel

less successful if they never owned a home

81 61

% %

NeighborWorks America


Buyer Traffic 2017 Better now than the past spring market

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov NAR


Buyer Traffic 2017 Better than last year 2016

August

2017

September

October

November

NAR 12/2017


“Single-family residential sales and prices continued to heat up. On a year-over-year basis, home prices grew in excess of 6 percent for four consecutive months…the longest such streak since June 2014. This escalation in home prices reflects both the acute lack of supply and the strengthening economy.” Dr. Frank Nothaft CoreLogic’s Chief Economist


“The healthy labor market and higher wage gains are expected to further strengthen buyer demand from young adults next year.

Their prospects for becoming homeowners will only improve if more lower-priced and smaller-sized homes come onto the market.� Lawrence Yun NAR Chief Economist


Available Months Housing Inventory 5.2

4.8

4.4 3.4

2014

2015

2016

December 2017 NAR


Inventory Levels heading into 2017

1,970,000 1,920,000

1,800,000 1,730,000 1,680,000

January 2017

February

March

April

May NAR


New Homes

733

SOLD in thousands

561 501

429

437

2013

2014

368 306

2011

2012

2015

2016

2017 Census


Actual Year-Over-Year % Change in Price By State

CoreLogic


Forecasted Year-Over-Year % Change in Price By State

CoreLogic


House Price Appreciation in the U.S. Annual Percentage Change 12.6% 10.0% 8.3%

11.6% 9.8%

9.5%

7.3%

6.1% 6.4% 6.3%

6.3% 4.9%

4.9%

1.0% 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

-3.0%

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018 Forecast

-3.1% -4.9%

-5.2%

-12.3% Freddie Mac


House Price Appreciation in the U.S. Annual Percentage Change 12.6 10

11.6

9.5

The last four years has not seen the same levels of appreciation increase as did the four years prior to the crash

4.9

2002

2003

2004

2005

2014

6.1

6.4

6.3

2015

2016

2017 Freddie Mac


Average Annual Percentage Increase in House Price Appreciation 10.93

5.93

2002 - 2005

Last 4 Years Freddie Mac


“A bubble requires both overvaluation based on fundamentals and speculation. It is natural to focus on an asset’s fundamental value, but the real key for detecting a bubble is speculation… Speculation tends to chase appreciating assets, and then speculation begets more speculation, until finally, for some reason that will become obvious to all in hindsight, the ‘bubble’ bursts.” – Bill McBride of Calculated Risk in April 2005


23%

SPECULATION: Percentage of investor purchased homes

13%

2005

2017

NAR


“In 2005, people were just buying homes and letting them sit vacant - and then selling without significant improvements. Classic speculation. And even more dangerous during the bubble was the excessive use of leverage (all those poor quality loans). Currently lending standards are decent, and loan quality is excellent. So prices may be a little overvalued, but there is little speculation - and I wouldn't call house prices a bubble – and I don't expect house prices to decline nationally like during the bust.

– Bill McBride of Calculated Risk on 2017’s housing market


“The acceleration in home prices is good news for both homeowners and the economy because it leads to higher home equity balances that support consumer spending and is a cushion against mortgage risk.� Frank Martell President & CEO of CoreLogic


“Homeowner equity increased by almost $871 billion over the last 12 months, the largest increase in more than 3 years. This increase is primarily a reflection of rising home prices, which drives up home values, leading to an increase in home equity positions and supporting consumer spending.� Dr. Frank Nothaft Chief Economist for CoreLogic


Equity Share By State

CoreLogic


Significant Equity (> 20%) By State

CoreLogic


Average Equity Gained Year-Over-Year By State

CoreLogic


Seller Tenure in Home Median years since 1985

10 9 9 9

1010 9

8 7 6 6 6 6 6

7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

5

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 2000 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 NAR


Median Equity Earned in Home Recently Sold by Tenure in Home

104%

56%

18% 11 to 15 years

16 to 20 years

21 years or more NAR


“It’s encouraging to see opinions from homeowners and appraisers more aligned on a national level. Appraisals are one of the most important data points when applying for a mortgage …The more homeowners and appraisers agree, the smoother the process is.” Bill Banfield VP of Capital Markets at Quicken Loans


Appraiser Home Value Opinions Compared to Homeowner Estimates

-0.67

-1.14 -1.33

-0.99

-1.35

-1.47 -1.69

-1.77

-1.70 -1.90

-1.55

-1.93

Last 12 Months %

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

-1.33

-1.47

-1.69

-1.77

-1.90

-1.93

-1.70

-1.55

-1.35

-1.14

-0.99

-0.67

Quicken Loans


Home Price Expectation Survey

A nationwide panel of over one hundred economists, real estate experts and investment & market strategists.


PROJECTED

5.6

Mean Percentage Appreciation

4.2 3.4

2017

2018

2019

3.1

3.0

3.1

2020

2021

2022

Home Price Expectation Survey 2017 4Q


34.0%

Cumulative House Appreciation by 2022 23.4%

10.4% Bulls

All Projections

Bears Home Price Expectation Survey 2017 4Q


$44,905

$294,905

potential growth in family wealth over the next five years based solely on increased home equity

$286,038 $277,707

$269,357 $260,500 $250,000

January 2018

January 2019

January 2020

January 2021

January 2022

January 2023

Increased home equity based on price appreciation projected by the Home Price Expectation Survey Home Price Expectation Survey 2017 4Q


Median Asking

RENT since 1988

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Census


“After about a two-year slowdown, rent growth is starting to pick back up across the nation...Looking into 2018, rent is expected to continue gaining. More widespread rent growth could mean home buying demands stay high, as renters who can afford it move away from the unpredictability of rising rents toward the relative stability of a monthly mortgage payment instead.�

Aaron Terrazas Zillow Senior Economist


UPDATES



Average Days on the Market By State

NAR


EXISTING Home Sales 5,500,000

5,000,000

4,500,000

Since January 2012 4,000,000

Jan 2012

Jan 2013

Jan 2014

Jan 2015

Jan 2016

Jan 2017

NAR 1/2018


5,800,000

5,700,000

EXISTING Home Sales

5,600,000

5,500,000

5,400,000

5,300,000

5,200,000

5,100,000

5,000,000

4,900,000

4,800,000

4,700,000

4,600,000

4,500,000

4,400,000

Since January 2014

4,300,000

Jan 2014

Jan 2015

Jan 2016

Jan 2017

NAR 1/2018


EXISTING

6.8%

Home Sales Y-O-Y by region

4.0%

3.8% 2.5%

0.0% U.S.

Northeast

West

South

Midwest NAR 1/2018


Existing Home Sales in thousands

January

February

March

April

May

June

2016

July

August September October November December

2017 Census & NAR


New Home Sales in thousands

January

February

March

April

May

June

2016

July

August

September October

November December

2017 Census & NAR


New Home Sales Annualized in thousands

Census


New Home Sales

33%

25%

% of sales by price range

14% 10%

9%

5% 3% Under $150K

$150-$199K

$200-299K

$300-$399K

$400-$499K

$500-$749K

Over $750K Census


New Homes Selling Fast (median months from completion to sold) 4.0 3.7

3.3

2.9

4.1

4.0 3.8

3.7 3.7

3.6

3.2 3.0

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4 3.2

3.1

3.1

3.2 3.2

3.3

2.9 2.9

Census


Total Home Sales in thousands 612

632

656

578 516

525

567 563

585 580 530

503

471

364

359 366

January

February

341

March

511

491

507 458

April

May

June

2016

July

August

September October

479

476

November December

2017 Census & NAR


Pending Home Sales

2016 2017

2015

2014

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

NAR 1/2018


115

PENDING Home Sales since 2012

110

105

100

100 = Historically Healthy Level

95

90

January 2012

January 2013

January 2014

January 2015

January 2016

January 2017

NAR 1/2018


115

PENDING Home Sales since 2014

110

105

100

100 = Historically Healthy Level

95

90

January 2014

January 2015

January 2016

January 2017 NAR 1/2018


2.5%

0.8%

U.S.

1.1%

Northeast

0.8%

Midwest

South

West

PENDING Home Sales

-2.3%

Year-Over-Year By Region NAR 1/2018


35%

Percentage of Distressed Property Sales

6% 4%

January 2012 - Today Jan 2012

Jan 2013

Jan 2014

Jan 2015

Jan 2016

Jan 2017

NAR 1/2018


Home Prices


EXISTING

8.8%

Home Prices

8.2%

Y-O-Y by region

5.8% 4.8% 4.0%

U.S.

Northeast

South

West

Midwest NAR 1/2018


18.0% 14.1% 10.8% 9.2%

0.6%

% Change in Sales from last year by Price Range -11.7% %

$0-100K -11.7%

$100-250K 0.6%

$250-500K 9.2%

$500-750K 14.1%

$750K-1M 10.8%

$1M+ 18.0% NAR 1/2018


Case Shiller 0.14

Year-Over-Year

PRICE

0.12

CHANGES

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0

June 2012

January 2013

January 2014

January 2015

January 2016

January 2017

S&P Case Shiller 1/2018


Case Shiller

13.2%

12.9% 12.4%

Year-Over-Year PRICE CHANGES 20 City Composite

10.8%

9.3%

8.1%

6.7%

5.6%

5.4% 4.8%

5.0% 5.0% 4.5%

4.3%

4.4%

4.6%

4.9% 4.9%

5.0% 5.0%

4.7%

5.5%

5.7% 5.7% 5.7%

5.4%

5.5%

5.4%

5.1%

5.0% 5.0%

5.1%

5.0%

5.1%

5.2%

5.5%

5.7%

5.9% 5.9%

6.2% 5.8%

5.7%

5.6%

6.4%

5.8% 5.8%

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 2014 2015 2016 2017

S&P Case Shiller 1/2018


Case Shiller

Year-Over-Year PRICE CHANGES 20 City Composite

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 2014 2015 2016 2017

S&P Case Shiller 1/2018


Forecasted Year-Over-Year % Change in Price By State

CoreLogic


Appraiser Home Value Opinions Compared to Homeowner Estimates

-0.67

-1.14 -1.33

-0.99

-1.35

-1.47 -1.69

-1.77

-1.70 -1.90

-1.55

-1.93

Last 12 Months %

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

-1.33

-1.47

-1.69

-1.77

-1.90

-1.93

-1.70

-1.55

-1.35

-1.14

-0.99

-0.67

Quicken Loans


HOUSING INVENTORY


Seller Traffic By State

NAR


Months Inventory of HOMES FOR SALE 2011 - Today

January 2011

January 2012

January 2013

January 2014

January 2015

January 2016

January 2017 NAR 1/2018


Months Inventory of HOMES FOR SALE

5.8

last 2 years

5.3

4.8

4.3

3.8

3.3

Dec

Jan-16

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan-17

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

NAR 1/2018


Months Inventory of HOMES FOR SALE Last 12 Months

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.1 3.9 3.8

3.8

3.6 3.5 3.4 Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov NAR 1/2018


2013-Today

Year-over-Year Inventory Levels Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov %

-

-20. -16.

-

-

-7.6 -5% -6.2 1.8%0.9%5.0%1.6%7.3%5.3%3.2%6.5% 6% 5.5%5.8%4.5% 6% 5.2% 5% -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 2.0% -0.9 1.8%0.4% -4.7 -1.7 -3.1 -4.5 -1.9 -3.8 -2.2 -1.1 -1.5 -3.6 -9.6 -5.8 -5.8 -10. -6.8 -10. -9.3 -6.3 -7.1 -6.4 -6.6 -9.0 -8.4 -7.1 -9.0 -6.7 -6.4 -10. -9.7

NAR 1/2018


HOUSING SUPPLY Year-Over-Year Dec

Jan

-6.3%

Feb

-6.4%

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

-6.6%

-7.1%

Aug

-6.7%

-7.1%

Sep

Oct

Nov

-6.4%

-8.4% -9.0%

-9.0% -9.7%

Last 12 Months

-10.4% NAR 1/2018


New Home Inventory months supply

6.0

5.9 5.5

5.5

5.2

5.6

5.5

5.1 5.1

5.4 5.2 5.4 5.2

5.3

5.1

5.1 5.3

5.2 5.4

5.0 4.5

Jan

Feb

5.1

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

2016

Jul

2017

4.6

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec Census


New Home Inventory months supply Last 12 Months 5.9

6.0

5.6 5.4 5.2

5.1

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.4

5.0

4.6

Dec

Jan-17

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov Census


BUYER DEMAND


Buyer Traffic By State

NAR


Foot Traffic indicator of future sales

Jul 2013

Jan 2014

Jan 2015

Jan 2016

Jan 2017

NAR 1/2018


Foot Traffic Last 12 Months indicator of future sales

Dec

Jan 2017

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov NAR 1/2018


Foot Traffic

2016

indicator of future sales

January

February

March

2017

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November December

NAR 1/2018


INTEREST RATES


4.29 4.19 4.09 3.99

3.99

3.97

3.89 3.79 3.69 3.59 3.49

30 Year Fixed Rate Mortgages from Freddie Mac

3.39 Freddie Mac 1/2018


Mortgage Rate Projections Quarter

Freddie Mac

Fannie Mae

MBA

NAR

Average of All

2018 1Q

4.1

4.0

4.2

4.2

4.13

2018 2Q

4.3

4.1

4.4

4.3

4.28

2018 3Q

4.4

4.1

4.6

4.4

4.38

2018 4Q

4.6

4.2

4.8

4.5

4.53 1/2018


Mortgage Rates Freddie Mac 30 Year Fixed Rate

2015

2017

2016

2018 - Actual - Projected

Rate

2015 Q1

2015 Q2

2015 Q3

2015 Q4

2016 Q1

2016 Q2

2016 Q3

2016 Q4

2017 Q1

2017 Q2

2017 Q3

2017 Q4

2018 Q1

2018 Q2

2018 Q3

2018 Q4

3.7

3.8

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.8

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.9

4.1

4.3

4.4

4.6

Freddie Mac


Mortgage Credit Availability YES

NO

MAYBE


Mortgage Credit Availability

Mortgage Credit Availability Index (MCAI), a report from the Mortgage Bankers Association Apr 2013

Jan 2014

Jan 2015

Jan 2016

Jan 2017 MBA


900

800

700

600

500

Historic Data for the MORTGAGE CREDIT AVAILABILITY INDEX (a report from the Mortgage Bankers Association)

400

300

200

100

0

June 2004 June 2005 June 2006 June 2007 June 2008 June 2009 June 2010 June 2011 June 2012 June 2013 June 2014 June 2015 June 2016 June 2017 Oct 2017

MBA


Average Days To Close A Loan 48 48

Last 12 Months

45

45 44 44 43

43 43 43 42 42

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

All Closed Loans as per Ellie Mae


® FICO

Score

Requirements

726

Last 12 months 724 724 724 724 724 723 722

722

722

721 720

Dec

Jan-17

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

All Closed Loans as per Ellie Mae


® FICO

Score

33.0%

Distribution 24.4% 20.0% 13.2% 8.9%

0.05%

0.6%

500-549

550-599

600-649

650-699

53.3%

700-749

750-799

800+

All Closed Loans as per Ellie Mae


Average 751

® FICO

Score

for Closed Purchase Loans by Loan Type

722 709 681

All Loans

Conventional

FHA

VA All Closed Loans as per Ellie Mae


Average Back End DTI for Closed Purchase Loans by Loan Type

39

All Loans*

43

42

FHA

VA

36

Conventional

All Closed Loans as per Ellie Mae


Resources Slide

Slide Title

Link

7, 11

How Did We Finish 2017?, Bloomberg Quote

https://www.bloomberg.com/amp/news/articles/2017-12-22/here-are-four-charts-showing-u-s-housing-momentum-entering-2018

8

Mortgage Rate Projections, Total Home Sales

http://www.freddiemac.com/research/pdf/201711-Outlook.pdf http://www.fanniemae.com/resources/file/research/emma/pdf/Housing_Forecast_121817.pdf https://www.mba.org/Documents/Research/Mtg%20Fin%20Forecast%20Dec%202017.pdf https://www.nar.realtor/sites/default/files/documents/forecast-01-2018-us-economic-outlook-12-27-2017.pdf

10, 17-18,

Buyer Traffic

http://nar.realtor/infographics/foot-traffic

13, 14

Tax Bill Impact

http://news.move.com/2017-12-21-Tax-Bill-Raises-Concerns-About-Homeownership-Most-Will-Change-Buying-Or-Selling-Plans

15, 16

American Dream, Benefits

http://www.neighborworks.org/Documents/HomeandFinance_Docs/Homeownership_Docs/SurveyResults_Docs/Neigh borWorksAmericaAtHomeSurveyReport-2017.aspx

19, 33

Frank Nothaft Quote

http://www.corelogic.com/about-us/researchtrends/corelogic-home-price-insights.aspx

20

Lawrence Yun Quote

https://www.nar.realtor/newsroom/existing-home-sales-soar-56-percent-in-november-to-strongest-pace-in-over-a-decade

21, 22

Inventory

http://nar.realtor

23

New Home Sold

https://www.census.gov/construction/nrs/pdf/soldann.pdf

24, 25

Actual & Forecasted YOY Price Change

http://www.corelogic.com/about-us/researchtrends/corelogic-home-price-insights.aspx

26-28

Home Price Appreciation YOY Change

http://www.freddiemac.com/research/outlook/20170921_looking_ahead_to_2018.html

31

Bill McBride Quote

http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/2005/04/housing-speculation-is-key.html

32

Frank Martell Quote

http://www.corelogic.com/about-us/researchtrends/corelogic-home-price-insights.aspx

34-36

Equity Maps

http://www.corelogic.com/about-us/researchtrends/homeowner-equity-report.aspx#

37, 38

Seller Tenure In Home, Equity Gained

http://nar.realtor

KEEPINGCURRENTMATTERS.COM


Resources Slide

Slide Title

Link

39-40, 71

Bill Banfield Quote, Appraisal Challenge

http://www.quickenloans.com/press-room/2017/12/12/owner-perceptions-home-values-rise-year-ends/

42-44

Home Price Expectation Survey

https://pulsenomics.com/Q4_2017_HPE_Survey.php

45

Median Asking Rent

http://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/files/currenthvspress.pdf

46

Aaron Terrazas Quote

http://zillow.mediaroom.com/2017-12-21-Rent-Growth-Accelerates-Going-Into-2018

49, 73, 82

Average Days on Market, Buyer & Seller Traffic Maps

https://www.nar.realtor/reports/realtors-confidence-index

50-52, 63, 65,66, 74-78

Existing Home Sales Report

http://nar.realtor/

53, 54, 58

Freddie Mac Home Sales

http://www.census.gov/construction/nrs/pdf/newressales.pdf http://nar.realtor/

55-57, 79-80

New Home Sales, Inventory

http://www.census.gov/construction/nrs/pdf/newressales.pdf

59-62

Pending Home Sales Report

http://nar.realtor/

67-69

Case Shiller Price Index

https://www.spice-indices.com/idpfiles/spice-assets/resources/public/documents/638549_cshomeprice-release-1226.pdf

70

CoreLogic Price Changes

http://www.corelogic.com/about-us/researchtrends/corelogic-home-price-insights.aspx

83-85

Foot Traffic

http://nar.realtor/

87-89

Freddie Mac Rates

http://www.freddiemac.com/pmms

91-92

Mortgage Credit Availability

https://www.mba.org/news-research-and-resources/research-and-economics/single-family-research/mortgage-credit-availability-index

93-97

Ellie Mae Report

https://cdn.elliemae.com/origination-insight-reports/Ellie_Mae_OIR_NOVEMBER2017.pdf

KEEPINGCURRENTMATTERS.COM


The New Tax Code and its Impact on Residential Real Estate


JANUARY 2018


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.