ARCH.
DANIEL TAY ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO
a selection of undergraduate works
CONTENT curriculum vitae page 04-05
design studio page 06-63
digital design and fabrication page 64-87
computational design page 88-95
CURRICULUM VITAE PERSONAL INFORMATION Full Name Tay Chern Wei, Daniel (郑丞伟) Nationality Singaporean Mobile +65 93689530 Date of Birth 16 December 1993 E-Mail daniel_taycw@mymail.sutd.edu.sg I am interested in time-based architecture and the programmatic duality of spaces. I am also fascinated with the experimention of material systems and joinery techniques.
WORKING EXPERIENCE 2016
Weijenberg Architecture Intern (30th May 2016 - 19th August 2016) Shortlisted for a pavilion design competition (ArchiFest 2016), design development of a bar (Native), parametric design and analysis of a commercial tower in Penang.
2014
DP Architects Architecture Intern (February - May) Design development of the screen glazing (Tagore 81), production of tender drawings for the A&A of Downtown East Resorts.
2015
SPORES_Studio Architecture Intern (January) Interior design for a residential villa project, production of tender drawings.
2012 - Singapore Armed Forces 2013 3rd Brigade Sniper Platoon Sergeant (2SG) Sniper Marksmanship Award
TECHNICAL EXPERTISE Software
Rhinoceros 5 vRay for Rhino AutoCAD AutoDesk Revit C# Script Python Script Grasshopper
Fabrication 3D Printing Laser Cutting Mold Casting Languages
Adobe Photoshop CC Adobe Illustrator CC Adobe InDesign CC Microsoft Office Suite DIVA MicroStation Google Sketchup CNC Routing
English (Written and Spoken) Mandarin (Written and Spoken)
EDUCATION 2014 - 2017 Singapore University of Technology and Design Bachelor of Science (Architecture) BCA Built Environment Scholarship
2010 - 2011 Anglo Chinese Junior College GCE A Levels Class Committee - Subject Representative (January 2011 - November 2011) Class Committee - Sports Representative (February 2010 - November 2010)
2006 - 2009 Saint Joseph’s Institution GCE O Levels Class Committee - Class Chairman (January 2008 - November 2009)
DESIGN STUDIO cultural afforestation page 08
inter-connections page 32
chiaroscuro page 44
flux page 52
social canopy page 58
CULTURAL AFFORESTATION >>>>>
YUICHI KODAI >>>>>
TERM 7 As how forests grow towards maturity, culture is developed over time. There is still much undeveloped potential for Singapore as a young nation to refine its unique culture. Fifty years into the future, she will celebrate a hundred years of independence. The proposal is an augmented space, with the evolution in program over time - initially a cultural trail, into a series of performance and exhibition spaces
that records and displays the history of Singapore, and in its final phase, will serve as a hub for culture and the arts, a depot of the country’s heritage and local works. Situated at a prime location in the South, the site is the peak of Mount Faber. Visitors are reminded of the country’s past as they catch a glimpse of the business district in the distance and observe the heart of the city in its present state.
The building is an organic system, it responds to the environment as much as the environment responds to the building. Adopting the trees for structure, the rate of development of the intervention is regulated by the growth of the trees. With the passage of time, greenery will occupy the timber building, and nature will reclaim back the space, reverting it to its original natural state.
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
existing state natural
of inclusion intervention
reclamation nature, of densification of canopy
extension and
expansion
PROPERTIES OF LOCAL TREE SPECIES
SHOREA SUMARANA
DYERA COSTULATA '+ ) (JELUTONG)
GRANDIS
TECTONA ' ") (TEAK)
+ critically endangered + quality timber for building material
+ clear straight trunk + replaces the entire + crown with new leaves after the dry season (june to august) + height 3m + girth 5m
+ wide spreading crown + distinct grain + resistance to rot and termite attack + used in furniture carvings, panels + height 20m + girth 2m
PARKIA TIMORIANA
BROAD-LEAFED MAHOGANY
+ fine feathery leaves + umbrella-shaped crown + provides excellent shade + height 40m + girth 3m
+ souce of hardwood + buttress trunk + used in furniture, musical instruments + height 30m
RAIN TREE + umbrella-shaped crown + leaves fold up before rain + leaves close before sunset (5pm) + height 30m
NATURE AS STRUCTURE
STUDY OF LOCAL TREE SPECIES
VERNACULAR PRECEDENT KIYOMIZU DERA
PRIMARY JOINING METHOD
ADAPTATIONS FROM PRECEDENT replacement of conventional column with tree
AXONOMETRIC OF BUILDING ELEMENTS presence of the grid as a regulator of the building
ceiling
walls
ART CONTEMPORARY PRECEDENT IN ORBIT, TOMAS SARACENO
ADAPTATIONS FROM PRECEDENT space changing with the growth of the tree as a stimulus
YEAR 0
YEAR 20
YEAR 0
YEAR 20
IMPERMANENCE OF SPACE
influence of external stimuli to distort the geometry of the grid
JOINT DETAIL
SITE CONTEXT
religious
green belt
academic
commercial
corporate
residentia
c
l
LOCATION OF PROPOSAL
EXPANSION OF INTERVENTION OVER TIME
YEAR 0: EXISTING TREES
YEAR 0: PROGRAMMATIC CLUSTERING
YEAR +25: EXPANSION + DENSIFICATION
YEAR +50: CONVERGENCE
SPECULATIVE PLAN SERIES
PHASE 1: +0 YEARS
PHASE 2: +25 YEARS
PHASE 3: +50 YEARS
MID-LEVEL PLAN
PERSPECTIVE SECTION
DEVELOPMENT OF CANOPY REFLECTED CEILING PLAN
STRUCTURAL RESOLUTION GRID SYSTEM OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL
mature trees young trees timber substructure
AXONOMETRIC VISUALISATION
INTERCONNECTIONS >>>>>
CALVIN CHUA >>>>>
TERM 6 The project aims to provide accessible living and communal spaces for specific members of the community the elderly, long-term patients of the hospital who want to stay with their family, patients who are unable to afford the cost of staying in the hospital ward, tourists who are on long-term medical visit, as well the staff of the hospital. Ultimately, the building typology challenges the depressing and sterile
nature of medical residence stereotypes, integrating the residents and the rest of the diverse community in Farrer park, while carefully preserving the private physical domain of the residents. This is achieved by reserving the lower levels of the building for public use, which includes the open plaza at the basement, retail outlets on the ground and second level, and the food centre on the third level.
Each floor in the building is designated for a specific user group. Green corners and fitness zones are present on every other floor for residents to engage in some form of physical activity. In addition, overhangs and apertures provide portals for interaction between adjacent floors, strengthening social ties amongst the community. This supports the model of social support being integral for recuperation and rehabilitation.
URBAN MOMENT OF FARRER PARK
THE COMMUNITY OF FARRER PARK
HOMELESS / RETIRED
SMALL SHOP OWNERS
ODD JOB- WORKERS
HAWKERS
THE COMMUNITY WITHIN CONNEXION
LONG TERM PATIENTS
TOURISTS ON MEDICAL VISIT
SIDE ELEVATION
STAFF OF CONNEXION
THE PATIENTS (AND THEIR FAMILIES)
BUILDING TYPOLOGIES IN THE VICINITY
HEIGHTS OF ADJACENT BUILDINGS
CIRCULATION AND COMMUTE NODES
RESIDENTIAL DENSITY
bus stops taxi stands mrt exits
parking commute path of public commute path of locals
least dense
most dense
DESIGN APPROACH THE DIVERSE ADJACENCIES OF THE SITE 1 RECONCILE
AN EXTENSION OF FARRER PARK HOSPITAL 2 PROVIDING
THE RESIDENTS INTO THE COMMUNITY 3 INTEGRATING
PROGRAM AGGLOMERATION AND VERTICAL ACCESS
SECTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS GARDEN
P
GARDEN
P
PRIVATE APARTMENTS
P
PRIVATE APARTMENTS
P
FARM
P
ASSISTED LIVING
P
COMMUNAL
P
DEMENTIA
P
FAMILY
P
HAWKER CENTRE
P
RETAIL
P
GROUND LEVEL
P
BASEMENT
P
SECTION DETAIL 1. 100mm substrate; sealant, 120mm thermal insulation`. 5mm vapour barrier. 200mm reinforced concrete slab, 5% slope. 2. 20mm ventilated cavity, 175mm water repellant thermal insulation. 180mm reinforced concrete 3. 100 mm precast concrete balcony: parapet, 200mm floor slab, waterrepellant surface. 4. Safeguarding net. 5. 10mm PVC, 200mm reinforced concrete slab plaster. 6. Double glazing in plastic frame.
STRUCTURAL RESOLUTION
18m
90m
LEVEL 5 PLAN
FOOD CENTRE
FARM
PLAN SERIES
B1
UNIT TYPES
L7 ASSISTED LIVING APARTMENT (L7)
L2
L8
PRIVATE APARTMENTS (L9,10)
L3
L9
L10 L4
FAMILY APARTMENT (L4)
L11
L6
L12
COMMON APARTMENT (L6)
CHIAROSCURO >>>>>
JACKSON TAN >>>>>
TERM 5
This project asks for the design of a satellite campus housed in the city centre of Singapore. The effects of natural lighting and shade were significant factors in analysing the users interaction with buildings. Studies of the responses to these factors determined the architectural geometry of the building form, which optimises the amount of daylight for specific programmes in accordance to the directional path of the sun throughout the day. This section model shows the dualistic potential of the lecture
theatre typology. It serves its purpose as a lecture hall but can also be expanded to create a mezzanine level for the sports hall even further beneath, to cater to a larger audience depending on the program requirement. Also, it can be transitioned into a viewing room looking outward into the courtyard via mechanised sliding panels along that face of the theatre. Additionally, the courtyard is an example of programmatic duality inherent in these spaces. In the day, light filters in through
the glass facade of the raised stage at the center of the courtyard, illuminating the basement beneath. At night, there is a transition in the density of activity. Artificial light floods the basement, providing a soft glow outward onto the courtyard above, creating a visual beacon for the public and school community to gather towards. The spatial sequence of the building is designed to equalise the usage of the facility between the members of the public and the school community.
OBSERVATIONS
Study of the influence of shade on pedestrian behaviour
SHADE BY RENDESVOUS
?
NE?
E ZO
RE NF
SHADE BY LAMP POST
IA
TR DES
PE
SUN
1
12PM
2PM
FEWER PEOPLE IN THE SHADE
2
CROSSING ZONE RETURNS TO NORMAL
SUN x
SUN 4PM
URBAN FLOW
SUN
6PM
DUALITY / TIME-BASED ACTIVATION 5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 00
inactivity public / office workers sporting facilities
public /workforce / students lunch hour
1 2 3
4
HRS
INTENSITY OF USE
public / students performances / events workforce / public / students dinner hour
students lessons
workforce / public / students sporting facilities
inactivity
TRANSITION OF EMPHASIS MEASURABLE TIME MORNING classroom exhibits classroom sports facilities
AFTERNOON library LT cafe lobby dynamic space
LIGHT TESTS BASIC ROOF MODULE
EXPERIENCED TIME EPHEMERAL MOMENTS OF DELIGHT
EVENING exhibits stage stage sports facilities
Tests following the trajectory of the sun which OVERHANG
REFLECTED CEILING
SCREENS
DUALITY / LIGHTING
DAY
tion
ula es circ c n e u l f in ht that g i n t a ion uminat l l i , y a in the d shading
NIGHT
suggests possible use of such lighting strategies for dual programmes DIFFUSED CEILING
LIGHT SHELF
LOUVERS
SECTION CUT OF EXTERIOR
UNROLLED SECTION OF INTERIOR
1.
2.
5. 6.
3.
4.
GROUND PLAN
1.
BASEMENT PLAN LEGEND 1. exhibition hall / sports hall
LEGEND 1. lobby / exhibition space 2. administrative offices 3. central courtyard 4. lecture theatre 5. library 6. workshop
This plan series show the dualistic potential of the lecture theatre typology. It serves its purpose as a lecture hall but can also be expanded to create a mezzanine level for the hall beneath, to cater to a larger audience depending on the program requirement. Also, it can be transitioned into a viewing room looking outward into the courtyard via mechanised sliding panels along that face of the theatre.
1.
2.
4.
5.
6.
3.
LEVEL 2 PLAN COURTYARD AT NIGHT
LEGEND 1. exhibition spaces 2. study spaces 3. cafe 4. library 5. services 6. workshop
FLUX >>>>>
JACKSON TAN >>>>>
TERM 5
This project also asks for the design of a building that serves as a satellite school facility in Orchard Road. Programmatically, the building houses a flexible space that hosts public events of the college in a central urban location as well as providing a secondary campus for the students. The project stages a tug of war between the public and private domain, dismissing a total dominance of a single formal resolution
on either end. The design aims to formulate an interconnected weave to integrate the public and school community, promoting the frequency of movement through the site. Layers and levels are defined strongly to emphasise depth and to introduce transparency between adjacent openings The exploration of the visual fields of humans and how architecture can influence /
manipulate (Unconcious Interference) was a strategy implemented to capture the attention from the peripheral vision of the passerby to revitalise the frequency of crowd passage through and to the site. Upon entry, users are directed according to the public and private layers within the building. These two domains share an intermediary layer that allows a transition between both.
DYNAMIC LINES OF SIGHT
SPATIAL LAYERING
side elevation
side perspective
front elevation
EXPLORING DISCRETE PROGRAM OVERLAPS
Performance Space and Exhibition Space
Exterior Theatre and Cafe
Exhibition Space and Cafe Exhibition Space and Classrooms
Performance Space and Exhibition Space
FORM GENERATION
1. undeformed single strip
2+3. twisting and folding
INTERIOR SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
4.
combining the strips
5. union of folded strips
URBAN FLOW
Inequity of pedestrian usage along site at the Cairnhill and Orchard Road junction
Pedestrian Traffic Public Transport Routes Commercial Mall Hotspots
MORPHOLOGY OF BUILDING
PLAN SERIES
L2 L2
M M
GL GL
B.5 B.5
B1 B1
B2 B2
SOCIAL CANOPY >>>>>
JACKSON TAN >>>>>
TERM 4 This project is situated in an open and natural space in the densely populated Tampines area. The scheme involves using the roof to form an encompassing canopy over the building and external space, that acts as a focal point and community-driven social space for the public to converge and interact. Mixed with a series of dynamic programme spaces, the building establishes a relationship between different sections of the building and addresses the integration from the scheme to the context of
the site. The roof evelopes the building and folds at intervals to regulate light. Its contrasting geometry with the other surrounding buildings gives it an aesthetic and functional duality. The location of the building on the site provides a direct route across the field and the main entrance faces the bus interchange, which is where the main intended users are projected to be coming from. The access across the building site is similar to that of a fashion walkway, where the residents of Tampines
catwalk across and are forced to play a role in the building. Additionally, there is an interchanging role of the ‘performers’ at different times of the day. The wireframe structure on the outside and the solid roof sheltering the inside seeks to unify the exterior and the interior under its canopy while expressing the intrinsic difference between both mediums but also suggesting the equal importance in the roles of both the users in the building and the passive community.
RESIDENT DENSITY
Distribution of apartment flats in Tampines
SITE MAP
STRUCTURAL COMPOSITION OF ROOF
LONG ELEVATION
GROUND PLAN
LONG ELEVATION
BASEMENT PLAN
DIGITAL DESIGN & FABRICATION campus installation page 66
veins page 74
cloud bench page 80
CAMPUS INSTALLATION >>>>>
STYLIANOS DRITSAS >>>>>
TERM 5 This project was a collaborative effort which aimed to design, build and install a lightweight spatial construct using 3-D printed joints in the school campus. The concept was to highlight the different material conditions reflected in the site, specifically drawing attention to the machine aesthetic quality of the glass panes along the corridor and the organic randomness of the vegetation beside it. The structure was envisoned to portray a form growing out of the glass panes and
branching outward to meet the reflected image of the plants. Also, the reflective property of the glass panels resulted in the creation of an inkblot effect and a unique visual experience from the different perspective viewpoints. Due to the unpredictable nature of the form generated from the optimisation of the code, the general shape and dimension of the members from one of the previous iterations was used as an estimate for the main space, and modified by adding branches and joint supports according to
the optimisation results. There were a few considerations for the fabrication of the structure: 1. The wall joint should be strong enough to hold a minimum of 2 wooden dowels. 2. Torsional force will define the length of the dowels for each connection; and the weight must be counterbalanced in the opposite direction. 3. The location of the joints (whether it’s on top or below of the dowel) will determine the directionality of each dowel.
CONCEPT AND ITERATIVE PROCESS
The design language we adopted was one of having a continuous flow between two overlapping dowel poles, achieved through an organic shape that melded the two cylindrical poles together. Concurrent to the development of the form, we decided to simplify all our dowel joints into 2 types: 30-degree and 60-degree joints. This decision streamlined the fabrication process, while feeding back into the design of the form.
3D PRINTING
We first began fabricating the joints using 3D printers, which proved to be useful in creating the curved geometries of the design. However, due to time and resource limitations, we explored silicon casting as a second fabrication method to increase yield and reduce fabrication time. This new method brought us through 3 explorations: 1) initial tests with a silicon sealant 2) attempts at creating multiple molds with an industrial silicon rubber mix 3) repeating casting with a two-part silicon putty mix
TWO-PART SILICON PUTTY MIX
Measuring equal amounts of two parts of putty, knead together until a consistent color without swirl; bake it in an oven for heat curing; remove the positive joint, pour resin into the mold and allow it to cure; the curing process produces a lot of heat and we put it under a fan to cool it down The silicon putty mix proved to be much more effective than our previous attempt, with a faster curing time and the material being more robust and sturdy while flexible enough for the joint to be removed. This helped us tremendously in making repeated castings of entire joints with minimal deformations.
CASTING SET UP
resin
resin hardener
silicon putty mold
silicon rubber mold
resin-casted joint
VEINS >>>>>
STYLIANOS DRITSAS >>>>>
TERM 5 The brief for this project was to design an interlocking 3-dimensional grid shell node with only planar elements, i.e. 5mm wooden panels, 3mm aluminum sheets and metric fasteners. The challenge in that was to decompose a 3-dimensional interface into 2-dimensional parts incorporating the details and tolerances. The design intention was to create a node with a clean and succinctly
flushed interface. This became a challenge to strike a balance between minimalism and the integrity of the node. The final design is reminiscent of iron bars in reinforced concrete which increase tensile strength. The metal blades flow like veins within the wooden beams providing a fluid aesthetic to the otherwise strong and rigid node. Due to the rigid properties of aluminum,
the tolerances to consider were particularly important as a a little as half a millimetre would mean that the interlocking pieces would not be able to fit. On the other hand, the tolerances for the wood had to calibrated differently according to the material properties of the
FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY WATERJET FABRICATION
ASSEMBLY OF PARTS
LOCKING MECHANISM
1. SLOTTING
2. LOCKING
FINISHED PRODUCT
CLOUD BENCH >>>>>
SAM JOYCE >>>>>
TERM 5
The chair is seen as both an aesthetic sculpture and a functional artifact. The design aims to reproduce the lightness and formlessness of a cloud while addressing the fundamental structural requirements of a seat. A series of diagonal lines runs across the vertical elements, representing the irregularity of a cloud. Thicker than the vertical elements, this results in the visual effect of having a single
sheet (the seat) being suspended in mid air. The action of adding diagonal members also keeps the chair from bending towards x and y axis. To assess the structural integrity of our design, we modelled the elements in Karamba. The chair can be perceived as a collection of 3 different elements: 1) mesh elements that make up a flat plane for sitting 2) vertical elements that support vertical loads
due to gravity 3) diagonal elements that resist bending moments from lateral forces A force simulating the load of a sitting person was applied to the mesh. Through this simulation, we were able to identify how much the structure would deform under the specified loads, as well as the level of utilization of each element. Thereafter, we could make adjustments to reduce the level deformation or utilization of particular elements.
PRECEDENT STUDY THIN BLACK LINES - NENDO The chair is designed for an exhibition themed ‘Outlines’, where lines drawn in air take shape and hold volumes and assigned practical functions. From this chair, we were inspired to combine both form and functionality together to create something unexpected using verticals and diagonals.
ANALYSIS The frame that is highlighted in red (compression) is the main structural component of the chair that keeps the different diagonals intact. Each of the diagonals is subjected to a combination of tension and compression as the load (weight of the person) is evenly distributed across the lines, with the longest element to be more in compression as shown in red.
DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
1.
population of hexagonal tiles in the XY direction to form a basic selfsupporting structure
2.
manipulation of the layout of the tiles to produce a more interesting geometry. additional offsets and indentations in the dimensions of a seat at the topmost layer of the seat creates a more ergonomic environment for the user
3.
a random array of points is introduced to create a point cloud. a thin horizontal plane is then placed at the top to serve as a seat
4.
a 2-dimensional grid of vertical columns are introduced to suspend the “cloud� in mid-air. these columns also help to support the load of the user
1.
2.
3.
1.
1000x600x30 mm steel plate, accomodates 1-2 persons
2.
5mm diameter steel rods, supports lateral load. welded onto the vertical columns for a more secure and precise connection
3.
600mm steel rods (3mm diameter), supports vertical load
FABRICATION the vertical and diagonal members are arranged based on layers and taped down temporarily before binding it together
EPOXY SOLDER
different ways of binding the metal together was explored and the final decision was to use epoxy as soldering was messier and more timeconsuming after the layers were built, diagonal members were continually added for bracing
COMPUTER SIMULATIONS STRUCTURAL OPTIMISATION IN KARAMBA Using the results of structural analysis, we proceded to make adjustments to the components within the design with the aim to reduce the amount of deformation and stress experienced by each element. During this process, we experimented by adding more diagonal elements that would serve as additional crossbracing for loads along the shorter side of the chair(Xdirection), or removing elements that were experiencing high utilization. At the end of the procedure, we were able to optimise utilization levels for loads in both directions to a level below 110%. With further optimisation, this level could be reduced further to below 100%.
FOOTNOTES Regions of strong color (red or blue) suggested areas of high utilization due to compressive or tension forces. These visual indications informed us on how to modify the design, by either - adding more diagonal elements, - adjusting the positions of some elements (nodes where multiple elements met typically had higher utilization), or - removing select elements around nodes of high utilization
FORCE IN THE X-DIRECTION
FORCE IN THE Y-DIRECTION
iteration 1
270% utilization elements are over-stressed when force is applied along the shorter side of the chair
59%% utilization elements are stressed at acceptable levels when loads are applied along the longer side of the chair
iteration 2
90% utilization stress levels are acceptable, chair does not deform significantly
130% utilization surprisingly, elements experienced higher stress at this point
iteration 3
93% utilization stress levels are acceptable, chair does not deform significantly
117% utilization utilization is optimized at its lowest when loads are applied in the X- or Y- directions; with further optimzation attempts, the utilization level might reduce further
COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN structure of space page 90
STRUCTURE OF SPACE >>>>>
SAWAKO KAIJIMA >>>>>
TERM 4 The brief for this project was to design an interlocking 3-dimensional grid shell node with the planar elements provided, i.e. 5mm wooden panels, 3mm aluminum sheets and metric fasteners. The challenge was to decompose a 3-dimensional interface into 2-dimensional parts incorporating the details and tolerances. The design intention was to create a node with a clean and succinctly
flushed interface. This became a challenge to strike a balance between minimalism and integrity of the node. The final design is reminiscent of iron bars in reinforced concrete which increase tensile strength. The metal blades flow like veins within the wooden beams providing a fluid aesthetic to the otherwise strong and rigid node.
ELEVATIONS
FRONT front
top TOP
PHYSICAL ARTIFACT
FRONT front
LEFT left
RIGHT right
back BACK
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
1. generate a grid of fixed resolution
2. indicate constraining curves
INTERIOR PLAN A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
SECTION
THANK YOU
brick says: ‘i like an arch’