Brunswick Precinct Structure Plan by Dariyn G

BRUNSWICK Precinct Structure Plan Dariyn Girton 834744

Vibrant Connected Sustainableâ&#x20AC;Ś

Cover Image and logo: Dariyn Girton

Brunswick PSP

Proposal

Part 3

Implementation

10 14 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 27

References

Demographics Transport Building Height & Density Land & Building Use Heritage Green Space Safety Community Facilities Character Areas Spatial Analysis

4 5 6 7 8

Part 4

Acknowledgements Purpose & Process History Strategic Context Site Context

Part 5

Introduction Site Analysis

Part 2

Part 1

CONTENTS

Brunswick PSP

Issues & Opportunities Urban Design Framework Benchmarks Vision Themes & Objectives Access & Movement Strategic Directions Built Form Strategic Direction Public Realm Strategic Directions

28 35 36 38 40 41 48 54

Schedule Visual Projection Summary

61 62 63

Figures References

64 65

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledgement of country

Subject: Urban Precinct Studio

I would like to acknowledge the Wurundjeri people who are the traditional owners and custodians of the land in which this plan is based as well as pay respects to elders both past and present of the Kulin Nation. With the changes and issues explored throughout, the report hopes to be inclusive and address all types of inequality that may be present within the site.

Studio TOD ABPL300060 Dariyn Girton 834744

Staff

Map of Kulin Nations

The efforts of the staff in particular my tutor Ha Thai are very much appreciated and valued. I thank them for their input in running the subject and always offering advice when needed and teaching about the processes of urban design and planning.

Taungurong

Melbourne

Contributions

Woiworung

This report would not at all been possible without the significant efforts of my studio group â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Alina Walizade, Julia Frecker and Sreedevi Kannambra. Throughout the semester they worked and contributed continuously to a very high standard. Not only that they were always encouraging and provided the most friendly support. I cannot thank them enough for how much they did.

Boonwurrung Moe

Brunswick

Image source: Maggolee, 2018

Precinct Structure Plan

Research The ideas and strategies used in this report are based off documents such as Plan Melbourne and the Brunswick Structure plan. As well as incorporating the grass roots organisation Revitalise Sydney Road which shows immense community activism.

Brunswick PSP

PURPOSE & PROCESS The purpose of the project is to create a TOD precinct that is utilising the features of intensifying development around transit nodes in order to accommodate future growth whilst being highly beneficial to the local economy. Brunswick is ideal for a TOD because of its potential for growth, proximity to the CBD, connection to main arterial roads such as Sydney Road and already evident high density of people. Not only is there scope for improving the public transport infrastructure and encouraging active travel the developments will ultimately transform the site into a successful transport hub. This precinct plan aims to provide some guidelines, ideas and framework for future decision making on the site in relation to urban design and planning outcomes. It can be used to assess movement, the built form and public realm in order to envision a vibrant, connected and sustainable site for the short, medium and long term. Another benefit of implementing a TOD is that it aims to counter sprawl which is a major issue in urban environments.

1 Site selection

2 Site analysis and site visits

Identify issues, opportunities and vision

Brunswick PSP

4 Strategic directions and Implementation

HISTORY Pre-Colonial

Image source: Wurundjeri, 2018

Wurundjeri people used the area as hunting grounds and the nearby Merri Creek as a significant meeting place.

European Settlement

Late 19th and early 20th Century

Post War

Image source: VHR, 2018

Thomas Wilkinson and James Sampson bought some of the first land allotments. In 1841 the first Wesleyan church was opened followed by the Retreat Inn (above), Sydney Road and a post office in 1846.

Following the Gold Rush the demand for resources and population grew from 146 in 1846 to 3000 in 1865. The railway line was built in 1884, providing transport and electricity to the town.

Brunswick PSP

Quarrying declined as other industries grew to accommodate the population of 55,779 by 1928. There was an influx of European migrants and the Brunswick Town hall was constructed in the 1960â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. 6

INTRODUCTION

Brunswick is located within the Moreland Municipality, approximately 4km north from the Melbourne CBD. The surrounding council boundaries include; Melbourne, Darebin, Moonee Valley, Yarra and Hume encompassing growing neighbouring suburbs such as Coburg, Northcote, Moonee Ponds and Carlton. It covers a total area of 4.98km. The area is highly desirable not only due to its proximity to the CBD, but its creative, diverse character and culture. Brunswick is highlighted as a major activity centre which is considered a â&#x20AC;&#x153;vibrant community hubâ&#x20AC;? where the use of buildings and public space facilitating interactions in a variety of ways (DELWP, 2018). The major road infrastructure of Sydney Road, with approximately 110,000 daily car users (VicRoads, 2017) makes it a very important part of the strategic context. Alongside this well utilised road there are the Upfield train line, tram and bike networks which are integral to the connectivity of the suburb with its surrounds. Brunswick PSP

SITE CONTEXT Site Context Brunswick has been highlighted as an area for Transit Oriented Development (TOD) due to its potential for urban intensification, amplifying mixed use and high demand. This is a solution as a result of increased pressure from population growth to secure an attractive yet future for the suburb. The specific AOI was chosen due to its representation of differences between the East and West of the site, whilst including the Brunswick railway station a focal point for future development decisions.

Brunswick PSP

SITE ANALYSIS Brunswick PSP

Demographics Median Age

Melbourne

Brunswick

Population Density

Population 24,473

545-4356

20090-37322

Population Growth 34.26% by 2036 Male 48.8% Female 51.2%

16067-20089

455-544

12266-16066

384-454

8964-12265

309-283

0-8963

0-308 Not to scale

The population of Brunswick is expected to rise, already the suburb as a whole has a high population density with some small pockets of low density. The population will reach approximately 32,857 people by 2036 which means there is much scope for intensifying the way the land and buildings are used within the site and surrounding areas. The median age matches that of Greater Melbourne. There will need to be much thinking and planning around the future projection of the population. Brunswick PSP

Demographics ? $ Unemployment 5.9%

SEIFA disadvantage map

Melbourne

Brunswick

Median Rent

$350 pw

$401 pw

Median Income

$685 pw

$817 pw Dwelling Type

Median House Price 1.1 million

Separate House Semi detached Flat Unit Others

Rental affordability map

3rd decile 4th decile

Rent vs Own

5th decile 6 decile th

7th decile

Not to scale

8th decile

Moderately affordable

9th decile

Unaffordable

10th decile

Acceptable

Unemployment in Brunswick is lower than the average of greater Melbourne. The increasingly high house prices and rental margins make it somewhat difficult to enter the market especially for young people, however is one of the most affluent areas within the Moreland Council area. There is also a higher rental rate than that of property ownership and compared to wider Melbourne. According to SEIFA Brunswick is categorised as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;moderately unaffordableâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Brunswick PSP

Own Purchasin g Rent Gov. Rent Priv. Other

Demographics Brunswick as a suburb (including East and West Brunswick) has 302 people who are homeless. Severely crowded dwellings are also included here because of the unsatisfactory standard of living that occupants may undergo in these places as well as poor access to amenities and services, which categorises these community members as marginally housed. With creating a TOD precinct this comes at a cost because the developments will eventually increase the cost of living in the area which could push out more people and having potential to exacerbate the problem. So it is with this in mind that the future plans for the site provide housing and alternatives for those that may be homeless or on the fringe to being homeless. On site visit there were a number of places such as abandoned and unused buildings where rough sleepers take refuge which is something that needs to change if it is to be a successful TOD project. Not to scale

Source: Council to homeless persons, 2018

A very important consideration when creating structure plans such as this is how it will impact to broader issues such as homelessness and climate change , at what capacity will the report and any subsequent implementations benefit or produce negative consequences in these areas.

Source: Hastings, 2016

Brunswick PSP

Demographics Country of Birth

Australia Italy England New Zealand Greece China

Born Overseas 38.6%

The top 3 lifestyles of people in Brunswick are listed (here). This data all helps inform where changes need to be made and helps in accommodating the needs of the existing population. The suburb of Brunswick is also known to be diverse due to its migrant past, although there is a high proportion of those born in Australia, Italy is amongst the top 5 of other countries where people migrate from. This is particularly reflected in the multicultural restaurants and retail shops across the area. Brunswick PSP

TRANSPORT â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Public Public Transport

Bus Route 509 Bus Route 508 Bus Route 506 Train Station Train Line Tram #19 Main Roads Building Footprints

The site has many public transportations including tram, bus and train. Predominantly the direction of travel routes is from North to South however some of the bus routes go across from East to West. Tram stops along Sydney road are quite evenly spaced, however bus stops have a much larger gap in between them which could have implications for accessibility. The ABS states that around 31% of Brunswick residents use public transport to travel to work daily, public transport use for trip other than work could not be determined during the site analysis. This gives reason for public transport to be up to a very high standard â&#x20AC;&#x201C; well serviced and also aesthetically pleasing to ensure safety. These routes are heavily utilised not only by Brunswick residents but visitors and students coming from CBD areas as well as people from East and West Brunswick. Level Crossing on Union Street opposite RMIT University. There is also station car parking at this location

Average Train Frequency WEEKDAY

Not to scale

Percentage of residents travelling to work by train

20 15 10 5 0

15 8.5 Brunswick

Brunswick West

20 mins

>30 mins

18 mins

5.2 Brunswick East

Percentage of residents travelling to work by train

Brunswick PSP

TRANSPORT - Active Pedestrian crossings

Tram Walkability

Pedestrian Activity

Pedestrian crossing lights Bike Lanes Highest Pedestrian Usage

Lowest Pedestrian Usage

Train Walkability

The number of pedestrians and cyclists using the roads is very high as shown to the right, however this does not correlate with the number of pedestrian crossings shown above which creates unsafe walking environments especially since Sydney road is so busy. And according the map on the left there are main streets which take the bulk of foot traffic and most residential streets are underused which leaves opportunity for more walkway integration to spread the foot traffic. Brunswick PSP

Bus Walkability

Walkability to public transport Is relatively good within the site however there are pockets in the south west corners where both tram and bus networks are highly inaccessible

SYDNEY ROAD PEDESTRIAN AND CYCLING ANALYSIS 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 nd nd ay ay e e d d k k k ek ee ee ee e W W W W ts ns ns ts s a li s a i i i l c r r t c s st Cy Cy de de e e P P To Upfield

To CBD 15

TRANSPORT Bridge used to cross the railway tracks. This is pedestrian friendly, adds some green into the space, however makes it difficult for cyclists to carry their bikes across when the need arises.

BRUNSWICK Walk Score

A pedestrian warning sign showing that pedestrian safety is of high priority. The location of this sign is near a level crossing close to RMIT University.

Parked Bikes Weekday Approx. 74

Brunswick PSP

The Upfield shared bike path is shared between pedestrians and cyclists which is marked on the path as well as having a shared zone sign at the major interchanges to enter and exit the path.

TRANSPORT - Car On street & Off Street Parking

SYDNEY ROAD PARKING ANALYSIS 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

Parked Cars Weekday To Upfield

Business Supplied Parking Lots

Flexicar Carpark

Moreland Council Parking Lots

Electric car charging carpark

No. Number of spaces for each lot

Parked Cars Weekend To CBD

The alternative parking options other than on street parking are relatively found in the central district of the site. On street parking is extensive and as shown above could be filled with over 400 parked cars which is most often overlapping with the bike lanes on Sydney road. On weekends especially Sundays there are a number of off street carparks which are underutilised which seems to suggest people prefer the convenience of parking on Sydney Road itself. From 4-6pm on Weekdays the West side of Sydney road is tow away and whilst visiting the site 3 cars had gotten tickets or had been towed, this could mean there is an issue with signage or people who are not local to the area are parking there unknowingly.

On Street Car parking

Brunswick PSP

BUILDING HEIGHT & DENSITY Building Types Building Heights

There is a various mix of both fine and course grain building types across the site. The course grain industrial footprints are large and occupy majority of the West side of the precinct. In terms of residential housing Brunswick is dominated by small terrace houses increasing the density of the streets due to their close proximity and limited private outdoor space.

The area of interest is majority low to medium density buildings that are 1-2 or 3-4 storeys subsequently. There is no skew towards east or west regarding height, the only clear differences are the varied building footprint sizes. There is also a lot of unbuilt areas on the West side which would decrease the densities in those particular spots but also provide opportunity to develop in the future. Building Heights 1-2 Storeys

Not to scale

3-4 Storeys 5-6 Storeys 7+ Storeys

Brunswick PSP

LAND & BUILDING USE Zoning Map Building Use Map

Not to scale

Source: DELWP, 2018 PUZ2 Public Use - Education

GRZ General Residential

MUZ Mixed Use

RGZ1 Residential Growth

PUZ4 Public Use - Transport

C1Z Commercial

INZ Industrial

PPRZ Public Park & Recreation

PUZ6 Public Use â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Local Government

PUZ3 Public Use â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Health Community

Live Work Visit Not to scale

Visit & Work Visit & Live Work & Live

According to the zoning provisions for the site. The West is dominated by Industrial areas as well as some pockets of public use however in contrast the east side has strong general residential and has also been highlighted as residential growth zones. The central area along Sydney road is dominated by commercial zoning and mixed use zones seem to be quite sparse across the site. There seems to be large blocks of the same zone rather than smaller diverse land use blocks. Upon observation there could be need for more infiltration of zoning into areas dominated by a single land use. This zoning gives a good variety in terms of living choices on the commercial strip or further away. Brunswick PSP

Undefined Space

Brunswick PSP

Growth

Commercial Residential

• A mix of uses for example commercial, residential and industrial • Scope for higher density housing

C1Z

• Diverse housing types • Encourage growth • Maintain neighbourhood character

RGZ

General

Residential

Mixed Use

Providing land for public facilities and services including; health education, Transport and local government

MUZ

•

GRZ

• Buffer Zones • Limited retail • Manufacturing and storage

Industrial Public Use

PUZ

INZ

ZONING PROVISIONS • •

Vibrant mix of retail, office, entertainment and community use Appropriate residential densities

• Increased densities in up to 4 storey buildings • Better access to transport and amenities • Diversity of housing types

HERITAGE Brunswick Baptist 1861

MFB Fire Station and Flats Former Hooperâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Store

1936

1908

Former Brunswick Markets

Heritage Overlay

1-9 Ballarat Street (Image: VHR, 2018)

Christ Church Brunswick Railway Hotel

1857-1875

1880s

Not to scale

Brunswick Uniting Church Brunswick Secondary College 1916

St Ambrose Catholic Church

1865-1885

1869 (Image: St Ambrose, 2017)

Brunswick PSP

GREEN SPACE Randazzo Park, Brunswick

Green space Not to scale

Brunswick Secondary Hockey Pitch Green space

Brunswick PSP

Foletta Park, Brunswick

Green space within the site is quite sparsely distributed, however when looking at the site in context, it is surrounded by very large stretches of green space such as Royal Park and the Merri Creek Green corridor. The existing parks and open spaces are accessible, however with the future plans of development there will need to be more types and more efficiently used green spaces to accommodate these needs, especially since many medium to high rise buildings lack large private front and backyards which is evident in the existing residential streets. The hockey pitch is semi-private so not accessible to everyone and the smaller pocket parks are catered towards families with children rather than youth or older people. 22

SAFETY Lighting and active facades

Safe and well lit thoroughfare on Albert street

Vacant building example being utilised for poster advertising and graffiti

Vacant lots near industrial buildings like this are being used as car/truck spaces, but there is so much more potential than this.

Not to scale

Source: ABC News

The amount of lighting and active frontages seem to be disproportionate to the scale of the site as a whole. Whilst lighting is along main roads, at night most side streets lack efficient lighting and the Upfield shared bike path is also not the safest looking at night. According to a study done by Monash University above Brunswick station is among the top 7 rated perceived unsafe places for woman in particular, not to mention Jewell station as well being in the top 7. The Brunswick structure plan has focused on providing adequate lighting on â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;key walking routesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, however many black spots still remain along with a poor level or eyes on the Derelict building example street when shops are closed or buildings back onto the paths without permeability. Brunswick PSP

Footpaths like this damage pedestrian safety as wel as the visual aesthetic of the street 23

COMMUNITY FACILITIES

Saxon Street Food Garden â&#x20AC;&#x201C; operated by 3000 Acres this community facility along with another garden on Harvey street in Brunswick promotes shared healthy living whilst fostering social interaction. A movement that can certainly be up scaled throughout the site.

Brunswick kindergarten facilitates local children's learning within the site along with many other childcare facilities and playgrounds and play centres.

Health centres from traditional doctors to more natural and spiritual wellbeing services exist within the site. This is alongside a few pharmicies and specialists such as physiotherapy and massage places

There is a plethora of restaurants, cafes and bars within the site. Diverse across many cuisines and dietary requirements.

Educational districts such as RMIT University are in the site and of high demand for local and international students. Brunswick PSP

The Brunswick Baths is a leisure centre servicing a large proportion the Brunswick population.

There is the Brunswick Town hall and the library which creates a community hub for community activity and entertainment. 24

CHARACTER AREAS West Industrial Dsitrict Central Economic District East Residential District

Restaurants servicing part of siteindicating a high cultural diversity which is very much representative of Brunswick's overall character

Typical houses that characterise the residential district of the site as well as some scattered pockets elsewhere

Not to scale

Major Collisions Investigation Unit Brunswick – a large block characterised in its industrial location

The site can be divided into three main districts. The West district encompassing the mostly industrial areas, the Central district displaying mixed use with a particular focus on services for the diverse cultural community of Brunswick (See below),and the East district being highly residential one storey buildings with pockets of high density apartments. Brunswick’s character and identity is represented in the following ways: • Indigenous culture • European culture • Heritage listed buildings • Creative streetscapes • Exuberant food scene • Theatres and the Arts With future development with an aim at protecting many of these unique characteristics so that they do not get lost with changes across any realm of the site.

Brunswick PSP

CHARACTER AREAS – Art and Culture A feature that permeates expansively across the site is Brunswick's creative scene. It can be observed from the street level and also permeates into buildings and public open spaces. This shows how Brunswick is very expressive and desiring to create a vibrant artistic and creative culture. It is attractive for both the locals and visitors. Shown here are some images taken from the site of the array of artistic compilations that can be seen. Brunswick also hosts the Sydney Road street party and many festivals with the Brunswick Town hall or popular bars like the Howler which is why the site can be labelled as ‘hip and trendy’. The street art and installations can be found both on the main streets as well as in laneways and industrial alleyways.

A journey through the art…

Brunswick PSP

SPATIAL ANALYSIS This is a 3D visualisation of the whole site with the green area as a new development to come up which will alter the surrounding environment due to its height but is a good step to intensifying the space. Below are some street sections showing the existing layout of two areas. Bikes share a lane with cars on many occasions and cars with trams, showing streets that intersect and overlap on many levels. There is however a lack of green space, but bike infrastructure such as racks are highly available and accessible in the site.

Brunswick PSP

ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIES Brunswick PSP

ACCESS & MOVEMENT Public Transport Opportunities

ISSUES 1. Low connectivity between East and West due to low bus frequency 2. Traffic on Sydney road is disruptive to tram services slowing down commuters 3. Train has low frequency during peak hours which discourages residents from using it 4. Distances between stops too far or not with appropriate infrastructure such as shelters or benches which reduces accessibility.

OPPORTUNITIES 1.

2. 3.

Connect between east and west mobility through increasing frequency and reliability of services More integrated transport hub to access all modes of transport within one area Creating walkable catchments around transit nodes to encourage active travel and decrease car dependency

This is the bus timetable for the 506 to Westgarth, it shows how infrequent buses can be and is why most people will choose to find alternate transport such as taking the train or tram from Sydney road or choosing to drive to their destination.

Not to scale

Higher frequency/connectivity - Bus Higher frequency/connectivity - Tram Higher frequency/connectivity - Train Interchangeable stops

Brunswick PSP

ACCESS & MOVEMENT Walking and Cycling

ISSUES 1. 2. 3.

Heavy foot traffic on Sydney road disrupts pedestrian flow and decreases accessibility Lack of crossing lights on Sydney Road encourages jaywalking Upfield Bike path not well maintained and poorly lit which discourages users possibly due to safety concerns and crowding which can induce more accidents Car parking on Sydney road covers the bike lanes which forces them to ride on the car lanes from 9-6pm everyday

(Walks Victoria, 2012) User experience on different types of paths in Melbourne - the shared path with wall on one side is least attractive to riders

Potential to remove car parking along Sydney road to reclaim for pedestrians and cyclists and encourage more active transport Widening of footpath when carparks are removed from Sydney road to keep up with the demand of high pedestrian activity whilst parking can be encouraged to be off street Increasing the number of pedestrian crossing lights to help people avoid the dangers of crossing without lights on the busy Sydney road as well as near railway level crossings Maintain and revitilise the Upfield Shared Bike path for better pedestrian experience and also promoting active transport

Not to scale

(Starry Night Solar Bike Path by Daan Roosegaarde, Netherlands) To enhance the creative character in Brunswick we can implement a similar method of lighting the path as they have done here in the Netherlands

Upfield Bike Path

OPPORTUNITIES

Activation Potential Widening potential Increasing crossing safety and lighting Intensify lighting Bike lanes Increase pedestrian light crossings Intensify foot traffic from medium to heavy

Brunswick PSP

PUBLIC REALM â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Green Space ISSUES 1. 2.

Laneway in the site that has potential for a green laneway to be implemented along the walls and fences

OPPORTUNITIES 1.

Green roof example that could be useful for high rise buildings as well as medium density apartments with the green balconies (Source: Green roof technology, 2018 Green laneway concept from Melbourne laneway strategy (City of Melbourne, 2018)

Not to scale Existing Green Space Derelict/vacant areas with green roof/pocket park potential Proposed Green Laneways Major Streets Minor Streets

Brunswick PSP

Lack of access to green space which also reduces visual aesthetic Underutilised urban spaces disrupts public experience such as vacant lots, derelict buildings and empty laneways are dark, have low surveillance and are not places where people want to spend their time

Turn unused laneways into green laneways to increase access to green space and provide an option that does not disrupt the street in the case of a pocket park, large trees or buffer zones Install green roofs on derelict buildings and new developments which will be most viable on mixed use buildings Install pocket parks in vacant lots and parking lots to enhance public amenity and activate spaces as well as enhance the mental and physical benefits of greenery

PUBLIC REALM â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Community Activity ISSUES 1.

Underutilised and inactive urban areas that disrupt the flow of activity throughout the site. Zone 1 are areas that are not well connected from the Upfield train line to Sydney Road Zone 2 areas is the Upfield bike path blank walls and little activity where most people move through the space rather than stay in it Zone 3 areas encompass declining industry blocks that detract visitors

OPPORTUNITIES 1. 2.

Not to scale Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3

Active ground floors in all zones which can be done through retail or hospitality avenues Create more active green/leisure spaces along the Upfield bike track such as a gym and playgrounds Activate RMIT campus into an amenity rich hub with retail, leisure and cafe spaces for everyone to enjoy and provide space activation in the West end of the site Brunswick PSP

BUILT FORM ISSUES 1.

2. 3.

Increasing housing demand pressures neighbourhoods like Brunswick that are in close proximity to the CBD as well as the extensive low density dwellings in the suburb High level of inactive frontages Poor Zoning prevents people entering and being active in certain spaces such as that surrounding the Dawson Street Police Garage Considering industrial decline the proportion of these buildings is too high and too large for their current use

OPPORTUNITIES 1. 2.

3. 4. 5.

Intensify housing density to have a greater percentage of medium to high densities and extended shop dwellings Accommodate for lower cost housing for example in the form of social cooperatives which is also fitting to the demographic and lifestyle of the people who are living within Brunswick Change industrial buildings to mixed use Connect industrial zones with economic centres Transform the buildings and streetscapes into creative hubs Not to scale

Built form intensification

Brunswick PSP

Mixed Zone

Potential high density housing

Industrial Zone

Uninviting industrial Sites

Residential Zone

Mixed Use Potential

Residential Growth Zone

URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK Brunswick PSP

FRAMEWORKS “TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD): is a mixed-use residential and commercial area designed to maximize access to public transport, and often incorporates features to encourage use of transit . A TOD neighbourhood typically has a centre with a transit station or stop (railway station, metro station, tram stop, or bus stop), surrounded by relatively high-density development with progressively lowerdensity development spreading outward from the centre” Plan Melbourne 2015 The Brunswick site is an ideal corridor for TOD development which is in line with Plan Melbourne and the Moreland City Council’s Brunswick Structure Plan. The main aim of the proposal is to intensify existing used and unused spaces or buildings as well as repurpose some buildings which require revitalisation.

Brunswick PSP

BENCHMARKS - International

Netherlands The Netherlands has many ideas to use especially in terms of bicycle infrastructure and this is an example of the organised parking they have at schools. This type of bike parking could be utilised within the site near Brunswick Secondary College, RMIT University and at the train station.

Portland, Oregon USA Portland has become one of the leading cities in transit oriented development therefore providing some leading practice within the framework in terms of policy and design.

Another useful traffic calming method used in the Netherlands are roundabouts which can also have traffic lights to ensure the safety of the growing number of cycle users.

This example really prioritises trams, cycles and pedestrians over cars which would be useful to use as a strategy on Sydney Road and will be part of the future vision for the site

Brunswick is a good suburb to emphasise and improve cycling infrastructure because of its relatively flat topography.

Brunswick PSP

Buenos Aires, Argentina There is a lot to be said about Argentinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s display and manifestation of its vibrant and colourful culture which is something that is to be noted and used for the Brunswick precinct. Using an open air museum styled town is a great way to bring tourists into the area and celebrate the historical and contemporary arts, culture and creativity. Brunswick holds its annual street party, however it would be ideal to maintain an atmosphere like this more regularly throughout the year. Transforming some of the adjoining streets and laneways into car-free zones is also a viable and sustainable option for the site like the above image in order to divert traffic and have pedestrians and local businesses reclaim the streets. 36

BENCHMARKS â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Local

Melbourne Central Station, Melbourne CBD Although this station is at quite a large scale as compared to the Brunswick site, there is much that can be incorporated and adapted from. For example the seamless integration of retail at ground and lower ground levels that connect to the city loop tunnel, the strong access to connecting modes such as trams and buses as well as the high density buildings that are around it signify it being a successful Transit Oriented Development Project (TOD).

Milton Station, Brisbane This TOD project boasts the acknowledgment and use of TOD principles by creating high density residences a top of mixed, active ground floor spaces and close proximity to green leafy surrounds. The usage and density will be very high due to how close it is to the CBD which is similar to Brunswick inner city fringe location. The large blocks of industrial zones that are to the West of Brunswick station would be ideal for a development of this scale.

Brunswick PSP

Footscray Station, Melbourne The Footscray station redevelopment project has created a busy and activated thoroughfare across the railway line which is accessible both by elevator and stairs. The bridge also has enough room to have street buskers and street artists perform daily, which would be a great strategy to incorporate within the Brunswick site. Aside from when there is the street party on site visits there was little if not no street buskers.

VISION & OBJECTIVES

Brunswick PSP

VISION â&#x20AC;&#x153;To enhance the site to be a vibrant , connected and sustainable community hub, promoting unity between residential, commercial and social realms to accommodate for future population growth and demographic change, transforming into a highly effective and functional Transit Oriented Development precinctâ&#x20AC;? - Brunswick PSP, 2018

Brunswick PSP

Movement

Access &

THEMES & OBJECTIVES 1. Prioritise public and active transport to create pedestrian 2. friendly neighbourhoods 3. Reduce car reliance and dominance 4. Accessible, safe and connected public transport networks

Public Realm

Built Form

5. Improve transit infrastructure

1. Increase high density development 2. Activate industrial areas with mixed use 3. Improve affordable housing options

1. Enhance creativity and diversity of character 2. Increase public open areas, green space whilst maintaining quality aesthetic to existing spaces 3. Increased safety in public areas 4. Active and inclusive street fronts Brunswick PSP

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS Brunswick PSP

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

Existing Transport routes within the site (Public Transport Victoria, 2018)

Brunswick PSP

ACCESS & MOVEMENT â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1 OBJECTIVE 1 - Prioritise active transport to create pedestrian and cyclist friendly neighbourhoods STRATEGY 1.1 Improve pedestrian infrastructure through wider footpaths, seating and shelter 1.3 Improve cycling infrastructure on Upfield corridor and Sydney Road 1.4 Promote active transport through community engagement and petitions for healthy lifestyles 1.5 Have better pedestrian amenity such as crossings, signage whilst integrating the public realm and identifying pedestrian prioritised streets 1.6 Widening shared Upfield Bike Path

Source: Domain, 2018

Brunswick has not been listed as one of the top suburbs for active transport so with these directions to be taken, it will be listed here in future.

1.7 Increase frequency and efficiency of public transport options

Brunswick PSP

ACCESS & MOVEMENT â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2 OBJECTIVE 2 - Reduce car reliance and dominance STRATEGY 2.1 Remove on street parking on Sydney Road and create car free zones Creating shared zones within side streets will help to reduce car speed and also allow for more community engagement in the space. Source: NACTO

2.2 Promote zero car ownership to increase accessibility to car and bike share or hire programs as alternatives 2.3 Increase off street parking opportunities 2.4 Reduce car volumes during peak traffic segments by diverting to underutilised roads such as Melville Road 2.5 Strive towards a carbon zero activity centre by increasing electric car usage and charge stations

Brunswick PSP

ACCESS & MOVEMENT â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 3 OBJECTIVE 3 - Accessible, safe and connected public transport networks STRATEGY 3.1 Linkages between the East and West of site 3.2 Disabled access for public transport including ramps, wider footpaths and accessible trams 3.3 Ensure transport routes are connected to the wider transport network 3.4 Connect Brunswick Railway Station Activity node to surrounding suburban activity centres

Accessible trams with low floors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the quantity of these types of trams need to be increased along the main tram 19 route. Lisbon Low floor trams (Source: Sorenson, 2016)

3.5 Convenient locations of transit stops in relation to highly active areas and economic zones 3.6 Implement lighting infrastructure for cyclists and pedestrians for better night visibility and surveillance 3.7 Increase permeability across major activity areas such as RMIT university and the surrounding Graphic Source: Revitalise Sydney Road

Brunswick PSP

ACCESS & MOVEMENT â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 4 OBJECTIVE 4 - Improve quality of transit infrastructure Shelter for bikes in Portland acts os shelter for commuters as well as keeping bikes protected in weather changes (Huxley, 2012)

STRATEGY 4.1 Prioritise trams over cars 4.2 Better quality and creation of new tram and bus stops 4.3 Create alternative for cyclists to cross railway tracks 4.4 Possibility to utilise west side of Upfield corridor 4.5 Improve infrastructure for bikes on buses, trams and trains 4.6 Develop new Brunswick station interchange

Bike rest stops that could be included on unused sites along the Upfield shared bike path

Brunswick PSP

BUILT FORM Building Use Before Building Heights Before

Building Use After

Building Heights After

Brunswick PSP

BUILT FORM â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1 OBJECTIVE 1 - Increase High Density Development STRATEGY 1.1 Intensify the built form along Sydney Road 1.2 Redevelop West industrial sites into mixed use high density medium rise apartments 1.3 Reduce low density living - increase subdivisions 1.4 Build up around activity nodes

Above is a conceptual for where high density developments can occur, some land may need to be acquired from residents in order to undertake these projects.

The future street fronts of Sydney road has the potential to look like this with even spread of developments across the Sydney road stretch of the site, with the highest buildings centred around transport nodes, but with all projects focused around providing as much housing as possible whilst still being sustainable. Image: Quadrangle Architects, 2014. Brunswick PSP

BUILT FORM – 2 OBJECTIVE 2 - Activate Industrial Areas with mixed use STRATEGY 2.1 Increase active frontages to encourage people to visit 2.2 Transform industrial zones into mixed residential and retail to increase volume of people Brunswick is no stranger to the old warehouse and industrial conversions. Take Howler Bar (above) for example it provides an oasis of eats, drinks and entertainment nestled in the back of a parking lot near the train line. More of these types of developments would increase the vibrancy of the West side of the site. Image: The City Lane 2017

Allez UP Rock Climbing Gym Industrial warehouses can be transformed into large rock-climbing facility that can be used for the young and active community. This will also create an activity node for the West side of the precinct and increase the volume of visitors. Image: Arch daily, 2014

2.3 Connect major activity nodes to proposed renewed industrial sites 2.4 Involve community in decision making for industrial sites 2.5 Have industrial businesses with warehouses invest in pocket parks New building height section – potential visualisation

Existing Building Heights – Left and Right side sections

Brunswick PSP

BUILT FORM â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 3 OBJECTIVE 3 - Improve affordable housing options STRATEGY 3.1 Change some East side plots to incorporate medium to high density social housing 3.2 Increase community awareness of sustainable co-housing options 3.3 Create housing options for the suburbs disadvantaged This multistorey residential and mixe used development would be ideal to implement on the site. It is medium density which means it will have limited overshadow for other low storey buildings. It will create affordable housing options for young families. I could also be converted into social housing with some of he land dedicated to homeless shelters which is much needed within the site. Image on left: Association for energy affordability inc., 2017

3.4 Generate avenues for small and large social enterprises that work on maker impactful changes for the wider community Cohousing is a great initiative for a demographic like Brunswick it also provides more affordable options and ability to interact with neighbours which is sometimes difficult in a traditional dwelling. Graphic: UK Cohousing, 2018

Brunswick PSP

BUILT FORM â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 4 OBJECTIVE 4 - Change land use to facilitate higher mixed use STRATEGY 4.1 The high density buildings will have ground floor space utilised by retail and cafes 4.2 The number of mixed use zones within the site will be increased by 30% 4.3 The zones that will change are currently zoned under industrial Busy commercial streets such as Sydney road need to have appropriate zoning that allows not only for commercial businesses to operate but a mixture of this with residential spaces. This is an example from Manhattan, NY, where most of the streets have shops with above housing lofts. There are some already evident within the site however many seem to be vacant, rundown or unused. The above graphic shows the zoning changes that could be adapted to the site. Image: NYC Department of city Planning, 2018

Brunswick PSP

4.4 Incorporate offices with day care centres OR residential buildings with enclosed pet play spaces 4.5 Integrate the mixed use zonings into the existing commercial strip on Sydney road 4.6 Create scope for large mixed use development on buildings next to the Brunswick railway station.

BUILT FORM â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 5 OBJECTIVE 5 - Acknowledge and integrate heritage sites STRATEGY 5.1 The high number of church buildings from the 19th century will need to be maintained or repurposed to fit the current demographic whilst keeping their original functions as places of worship 5.2 Keep 75% of the existing heritage overlay, providing some room for TOD expansion The adaptive reuse of church buildings that are no longer used as places of worship can be utilised within the site. This keeps the old in with the new modern touch. Image: Scott Hensen Architects, 2018

5.3 Retrofit rundown or neglected heritage sites 5.4 Expose more of Indigenous Australian culture in the built and street landscape 5.5 Maintain architectural integrity of the buildings

Brunswick PSP

PUBLIC REALM

Brunswick PSP

PUBLIC REALM – 1 OBJECTIVE 1 - Enhance Creativity and Diversity of character STRATEGY 1.1 Make Brunswick's Indigenous Australian and migrant origins known and displayed in unique ways 1.2 Reduce exclusion of low socio-economic people 1.3 Increase creative hubs and street art 1.4 Invite communities to participate in the artistic renewal of rundown sites

Image: Morby, 2015

1.5 Incorporate colour urbanism to enhance the vibrant character of the site and encourage a playful atmosphere

Tschumi Pavilion, Netherlands: Colour in urban environments can break up the monotonous concrete and brick walls and building façades adding o the playfulness and vibrancy of the site.

1.6 Have a wider variety of co-working spaces like Prentice Street and Fishbowl studios that are not exclusive to start-ups and creative freelancers but open to anyone who needs the space. Brunswick will then be competitive in this space offering the same services as the CBD and neighbouring suburbs like Fitzroy

Co – working spaces are a great way to enhance community and networking in urban areas Image: City of Melbourne, 2018

Brunswick PSP

PUBLIC REALM â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2 OBJECTIVE 2 - Increase public open areas whilst maintaining quality of existing spaces STRATEGY 2.1 Create a wider variety of public open spaces including; outdoor gyms and community gardens to increase neighbourhood bonding Idea for an outdoor gym that can be used within the Brunswick site on some of the vacant lots of land. This example is particularly good because of the range of equipment and size. Image: Lappset, 2018

2.2 Have adequate pedestrian amenity such as seating and shelters along the sidewalks 2.3 Recognise the need for community participation in the creation of these spaces 2.4 Have more opportunities for sensory play at formal parks and more informal park lets 2.5 Implement accessible green roofing so that both public and private residents can access them

Sensory play incorporated with colour urbanism increases the vibrancy, attracts kids to play which will in future provide more eyes on the street and increase safety reputation of the suburb. Image: Downtown West Community Association

Brunswick PSP

PUBLIC REALM – 3 OBJECTIVE 3 - Increased safety in public areas STRATEGY 3.1 More lighting near train and tram stops 3.2 Sensor lights in parks and open pedestrian paths 3.3 Installation of public birds eye cameras in hot spots - refer to public opinion

The existing parks and open spaces as well as the upfield bike path would benefit from more sensor lights – these can be solar powered in order for environmental sustainability, but would increase peoples perceptions of safety. Image: The lighting resource, 2017

Incorporating new technologies such as these smart street lights would be benefitical to the site – they could include wifi hotspots, surveillance cameras, charging for electric vehicles and more, which is fitting for the trends that the site is undergoing. Graphic: Electric and Power review, 2017

Brunswick PSP

PUBLIC REALM â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 4 OBJECTIVE 4 - Active and inclusive street fronts STRATEGY 4.1 Prioritse Saxon Street Community Activation Project 4.2 Activate and brighten commercial and residential laneways/ alleyways 4.3 Increase off street parking opportunities

Completed Moreland City Council Saxon lane upgrade. More of these type of projects would benefit the site in many ways creating both activated and inclusive connecting thoroufares.

4.4 Reduce car volumes during peak traffic segments by diverting to underutilised roads such as Melville Road 4.5 Strive towards a carbon zero activity centre by increasing electric car usage and charge stations

Image: Moreland City Council, 2018

Brunswick PSP

PUBLIC REALM â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 5 OBJECTIVE 5 - Adapt the site for a sustainable future STRATEGY 5.1 Increase permeability of pavements 5.2 Improve drainage systems and vegetation to mitigate heavy rainfall 5.3 Include water tanks and solar panels as a requirement in the planning regulations for all new developments 5.6 If feasible include roof gardens on multistorey developments

Due to the high amount of impermeable surfaces within urban spaces there is a need for more permeable roads which include the plantation of trees, shrubs and grass along sidewalks or on road buffer zones.

Once the police garage is transformed to a multi level carpark â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the roof top can be used as a green garden to compensate the impact on the environment Graphic: NACTO, 2017

Brunswick PSP

IMPLEMENTATION

Brunswick PSP

SCHEDULE ACTION

DIRECTIONS

RESPONSIBILITY

TIMEFRAME

Consult the community of the themes, objectives and strategic directions

ALL

City of Moreland

Rezone the suggested industrial sites as mixed use Create overlays to ensure that the requirements of public infrastructure and open space are fulfilled

City of Moreland

Expand Brunswick railway station to be more connected and integrated to the rest of the site

City of Moreland, DEWLP, PTV

S,M,L

Design a vibrant community facility in the industrial sites to the West of the Police garage

City of Moreland, Private Architects

S, M

Implement policies that provide for the marginalised in the community such as the homeless and disables

B, PR

City of Moreland, City of Melbourne, DEWLP

Design the layout and locations for accessible street and transport infrastructure

PR, AM

City of Moreland, Private Architects

Negotiate land and vacant building lots with potential developers to decide the future use

PR, B

Private developers, City of Moreland

Create policy for mandated sustainable greening for future sites â&#x20AC;&#x201C; green roofing potential, community gardens and green walls

PR, B

City of Moreland, City of Melbourne, DEWLP

S, M, L

Plan for future road closures that will need to be undertaken for major developments

City of Moreland, VicRoads, PTV

S, M

Develop finalised plans for the streetscape â&#x20AC;&#x201C; footpaths and bikeways

City of Moreland, Private Architects

Gradually reduce on street parking on Sydney road to decrease car dependency

City of Moreland, VicRoads, PTV, DEEWLP

S, M, L

Provide alternative car parking spaces to compensate for this

City of Moreland, private developers, VicRoads

S, M, L

Brunswick PSP

SUMMARY The most important part of implementing a plan at this scale is community engagement so before any aspect can be implemented they need to be reviewed and workshopped by the community in which will be using and interacting with the site. The changes that are being made will not only benefit the locals but impact positively on the surrounding areas. Overall, there is much potential to generate the connection, vibrancy and sustainability of site that is part of the original vision. There is still much to be explored, however this report has showcased what can be and highlighted where improvements can be made.

Brunswick PSP

REFERENCES Page 4

References http://maggolee.orasy.com/

https://www.wurundjeri.com.au/ http://heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/heritage-protection/levels-of-protection/

https://map.aurin.org.au/ http://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC20359

https://forecast.id.com.au/moreland/about-forecast-areas/?WebID=100 https://propertydata.realestateview.com.au/propertydata/suburb-profile/victoria/brunswick/

https://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/north-west/councillor-calls-for-homeless-shelter-to-help-people-sleeping-rough/news-story/e64a5bf00a64185c5fba6987f1f002e9

http://chp.org.au/state-electorate-homelessness-map/ 16 19

https://www.walkscore.com/AU-VIC/Melbourne/Brunswick http://services.land.vic.gov.au/maps/pmo.jsp

https://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/377133/MAC_2015_Final_Report.pdf

http://heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/heritage-protection/levels-of-protection/ http://www.bbe.org.au/st-ambroses/

https://www.mapz.com/export/276085?view=download https://www.brunswick.vic.edu.au/Our%20School/Amenities/Facilities/Pages/Hockey-Ground.aspx

https://streetmix.net/-/774125

Brunswick PSP

REFERENCES 37

http://www.themilton.com.au/transit-oriented-development.html http://www.bh-architects.com/projects/masterplanning/32-william-cooper-bridge-footscray

http://www.sydneyroad.org/footpath

https://www.archdaily.com/477963/allez-up-rock-climbing-gym-smith-vigeant-architectes https://thecitylane.com/howler-brunswick-review/

http://aea.us.org/blog/aea-newswire/tour-mid-rise-multifamily-passive-house-inside/ https://cohousing.org.uk/about/about-cohousing/

https://www1.nyc.gov/site/planning/zoning/districts-tools/special-purpose-districts-manhattan.page

https://www.hensonarchitect.com/conversion-of-a-traditional-baptist-church-into-mixed-use

https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/business/doing-business/Pages/co-working-spaces-in-melbourne.aspx https://www.dezeen.com/2015/07/12/bernard-tschumi-groningen-pavilion-shift-architecture-urbanism-glass-cmy-film-rainbow-hue/

https://www.lappset.com/News-and-updates/Blogs-and-articles/10-reasons-why-outdoor-training-is-better-than-a-gym-workout http://www.dwca.ca/new-events/sg57lltadrzar9zx6khln72ggm9cre

http://www.eprmagazine.com/features/powering-the-smart-cities-with-intelligent-lighting/ http://thelightingresource.eaton.com/features/2017/lighting-tips-for-parks-and-recreation-areas

https://www.moreland.vic.gov.au/about-us/projects/community-space-projects/33-saxon-street-brunswick/

https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/building-and-development/sustainable-building/council-house-2/Pages/council-house-2.aspx

https://nacto.org/publication/urban-street-stormwater-guide/stormwater-elements/green-stormwater-elements/permeable-pavement/

Brunswick PSP