bɆ|vb¤ýv£ýɗwþĄ~ȧ|
q ɂȧ|{ qt ò z® uò|Ȯq Ɉ£ £|¡fbòý ȻɆsýx©~ ɇ| bzùȮ ă s}u f ¥r fä£ gbò Ɇ}l ȧ ¥ræsÃ Ç ¤cz rȺ ȭŏ¨ÃËÈÄ
Ɇ}l ȧ£u© ýqȠ~Ȼu£|¢vg¨£Ȼ©x zùȶz u Ɇ u¯¤pȺ¨l±cf ù c ù |v £zòg däzɇ£ Ⱥvq £q£Ȯ ¬ u ¤ u Ⱥ{b|lîzĚuò ¥uýx©ɁȮȵgýbbzùȮ ă
q ɂȧ|{ qò tz® uò|Ȯq ÃËÈÄ ÃÇ z r Ⱥ včé £}cÆÇ
ȭŏ¨ÃËÈÄ ¥ræs ÃÇ ¤cz r Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÈÄ £|¡fbò ýȻɆsýx©~ ɇ| bzùăȮ ɃɍɽɅȶ ɫ ¥r fä£ gbò
t v£q{ü¤lul ¶ bzû sõ ss }Ȼux uõ ɐɖ¶ vsv÷čìqò ȸ¨fɈ{ ¥u uõ ɐɖv£fâ qu ~ýx¨¤lu£l |ȶz¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b l g¤l}ýqȠ~b¨pq£ȱ{dpª bzûȧ|gýz ©|v d Ⱦd ¶ }bãpªz ugɍ ɂ ¥u}sõw}b¨pqýx¨¤lu£ɪböăf q¨vuȿu~ĜɃs¶ ȧ|v£fâ q¤wus £ȱ{ öbi¨Ⱥk¥uȾd ȿŁf ȶz ¨£p |v Ⱦd ȿŁf£s¢q¶ ¤wus ¤l}ȿu}bãpªz uȬvvf㨣ɪcpª£x}¤l}¤wus £Ⱥ©ýqȠ~ Ȼuv£fâ q£ f¶ ȧ|ýxzss }{bȮvuòvȺōvu ~¤wus u f¤cĀýx¨¤luȶz|{ª |ĜɀvrȾd ȿŁf£s¢q¶ ɉu Ⱦxdq { qò¥uȧ|£ æĔzɆŃq¤l}ýqȠ~Ȭqs bȷȻu {}ýxz£ȱ{q pŖ Ⱦx¶ ȧ| ©ɉf ¨x Ⱦxz uý vȩŏ¥u¤cĀýx¨¤lu£ɪ£} ¤wus Ȯz {u f¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs bȮb¤ òf¶ ȧ|ýxzss }{bu ~ɇu y²{¥uȧ|Ⱦuýg ¨¶ |ĜɀvrvuòvȺōv¤l}vɐņbu ~ȧ|ss }{}ýxzx l¨v fu f¤l}ɁɁ¨fz u ü vl £ tȧ|ss }{}ýxz£Ⱥ©~ĜkȻu¶ ɉu Ⱦx¥u uõ ɐɖȮvuòvȺōv¤l} vɐņbu~ ýx¨¤lu¤l}ȿuýɆvu fȮy òăȶf¥uv¨pfgfȻu|v d Ⱦd u ~ýx¨¤lu ¤l}ȿu ó |Ⱦxu fɆŌx|¶ ȧ|vbýɆ{ ¨x l¨£ȵ©ýɆ{böăf uõ ɐɖýqȠ~Ȼu £} bzbx Ȭ|ȵȸ¨fý f £ȱ{| zȸ¨f¤wus wf¤l|¶
3
Ɇ}l ȧ ~qòȿu¸ £ɂb :,1,$56., ývȹu
£ɂb $/)$52 u ývȹu £ɂb %$6'(9$17 %$'$:, 025(12 48,17$1$ :(//,1*721 .22 6,5 3(5&< 63(1'(5 6,5 *(5$/' ),7=0$85,&( .25(76.< 7$1$.$ %867$0$17( < 5,9(52 025(//, £ɜýbz £ɂb *$51,(5 &2,*1(7 ýbɈvčé ¶
böăf£|¡fbò ýȻɆsýx©~ ɇ| |Ƀf ýx©ɁȮȵgýbbzùăȮ q¨ȵf£ȱ{¸ b qòz £ýs¡f ȧf ȿi b qòzýb zýv bɏɁiv}þ²f⸠Ȯq¨ȵf u f£ȱ{¸ b qòz ¬ b j ¨ däs ýv bɏ zɆŌus qbzùăȮývȬ¨£ɪýv£s ȻɁ¨f i {£ȱ{¸ b qòz 'HDQ $FKHVRQ ȿi bdpª£zȹ~ĝ¥uq ɂȧ|b¨x }¥u |lîɉ£z|Ĝb £ɂb 5RJHU 3LQWR ɆĚɆŋȬ|ü¥uzɇ~ĜsɎ}²{gɍvs ýb fȻŘ|ĝ £ɂb 3DXO 5HXWHU ɆĚɆŋȬ|ü¥uzɇ~ĜsɎ}²{gɍvs ýb fȻŘ|ĝ Ȯ£zȹ~ĝ u f£ȱ{¸ £ɂb %ULFH 0 &ODJHWW ȿi bdpª£zȹ~ĝɆɂ sõ|p¯ |lîɉ£z|Ĝb¥uýb f b } zv¬ć 'LVWULFW RI &ROXPELD Ȯs ýv bɏgɍv
4
£ɂb~|£ u {¯ b f u ȧ£|ġq Ⱥ{b¥uȺ{bȱʼnuy z ɆĚ ò¥ubf£ɀtx} £cz|y z uô Ȯs ýv bɏ b£s £ɂb Ȭu { ɁŘu Ȯ dä£}Ȩt ȧ|¥udpªývq y £ɂb ¤gz æąu Ȯ dä£}Ȩt ȧ||f¥udpªývq y u f ɁȮȵgýb¥r q¨ȵf£ȱ{¸ ýx© fäȿń 9RQJVDPDKLS -D\DQNXUD däɁis q¥rývȬ¨£ɪýv£s f Ȯq¨ȵf i {£ȱ{¸ £ɂb 6HQL 3UDPRM ȿi bdpª£zȹ~ĝ¥uýv£s ¥r £ɂb +HQUL 5ROLQ ɆĚɆŋȬ|üb qò { ¥u )UHH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI %UXVVHOV £zȹ~ĝ ¥uɆɂ sõ|p¯s ýb f %UXVVHOV b qòz 6LU )UDQN 6RVNLFH 4 & 03 q q däýx©ɁiɉȮŇ¥uýv£s f£dþ £ɂb -DPHV 1HYLQV +\GH ȿi b¥udpª£zȹ~ĝ¥u|lî 1HZ <RUN u fȮ ȿi b¥udpª£zȹ~ĝ¥uq ɂȧ|b¨x } |lîɉ£z|Ĝb £ɂb 0DUFHO 6OXVQ\ £zȹ~ĝ¥uɆɂ sõ|p¯s ýb f %UXVVHOV u fȮɆĚɆŋȬ|ü¥u )UHH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI %UXVVHOV £ɂb - * /H 4XHVQH ȿi bdpª£zȹ~ĝ¥uýv£s f£dþ Ȯ£zȹ~ĝuf s ýv bɏgɍv u f£ȱ{¸ qòz£ u {¯ b %XVULQGUH %KDNGLNXO däȺ{b¥u däȺ{bȱʼnuy z ɆĚ òy z uô ¥r¥uýb fȧ|Ƚ|Ȯq £ɂb 6XN 3HUXQDYLQ u £}Ȩt ȧ||f¥uc sôȧ}²{Ⱥ{b|lîzĚuò £ɂb &KLQGD 1D 6RQJNKOD dä£}Ȩt ȧ||f¥udpªbzûȧ|z cȫ|Ɇȹ|pª
5
£ɂb~|£ u {¯£ȸ 3KRRQ 3KRQ $VDQDFKLQWD ɆĚɆŋȬ|ü¥uɆ}Ȳu£}Ȩ ɆĚ ò däȺ{bȱʼnuy z ɆĚ òy z uô¥r¥uýb fȧ|Ƚ|Ȯq Ȯs ýv bɏ b£s u f£ȱ{¸ £ɂb &KDSLNRUQ 6UHVKWKDSXWUD ývȹuȺ{bȱʼnuu q bzû¥u däȺ{bȱʼnu uõ ɐɖu fu q bzû¥uýb fȧ|v|£s £ɂb 'DYLG 6 'RZQV £zȹ~ĝq ɂȧ|b¨x }ýv£s f£dþ Ȯs ýv bɏ¤wöbq ɂȧ| q ɂȧ| ¤l}ȿu ȿ Ⱦxl gȨf£} ~Ĝu gè²{£ gbò l gȨf£ýȧz¸
ȶz|{ªɆ}l ȧg ©¥ræs ÄÈ ¤c Ⱦ ȭŏ¨ÃËÈà q ɂȧ|ȻuýȬu£Ȭ}
u ~ čìýqbzûvmzs Ã|v |ȱʼny Ȼ}¥r £ {|b£e kȷq ɂȧ|£u©ȿu{ ȶŋt ȧ| ~Ĝu gè²{£} ~ĜɃs¤l}Ȼuȱbi uq ɂȧ|ȧ}x ¥ræs È ¤cq ɂ ȭŏ¨ÃËÇË ȶzȽbü ¨|v |ȱʼny Ȼ}bzùăȮ¶ ȶz|{ªl ȧ £ýzg¤l}ȿuȧ}v|Ĝ£gèsl gȩŏ q ɂȧ|Ȼu £ýzgb¨pq |{ª£x} ýȿvȱbl¨£p |ȧ|u q ~Ĝt v¤uóz¶ ¨pɓ¨£|¡fýqȠ~Ȼu£|¢vg¨| gɁ} ýȿv £tÿ ~Ⱥȧ|ȶzȧ|ȱbiu u ~l¨£p |ȧ|u q ~Ĝt g f£ýȧ{ g ©¥ræs Ä ¤cb zúª ȭŏ¨ÃËÈĶ ~Ⱥȧ|ȮɆȹ|pªýqȠ~£tÿ £ fȶzȧ}v|Ĝ£gèsl gq£ɨ¸
Ȭvx ¥ræs Ã
l}¥ræs Å ¤cz Ⱥ £ɪ¥ræs Ç ¤cz Ⱥ x ¥ræs Él}¥ræsà  ¤cz Ⱥ x ¥ræs ÃÄl} ¥ræs ÃÅ ¤cz Ⱥ x ¥ræs ÃÇl}¥ræs ÃÉ ¤cz Ⱥ x ¥ræs ÃËl}¥ræs ÄÆ ¤cz Ⱥ u f x ¥ræs ÄÈl}¥ræs Åà ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÈĶ £ɪböăf ~Ⱥȧ|ȸ¨f£u© q ɂȧ|Ɇŋv s Ȟ b|p¯ u fȧ|£hþ {qvȼō}ȿq|v £ɂb £ýs¡f ȧf £ɂb 'HDQ $FKHVRQ
6
£ɂb 5RJHU 3LQWR u f£ɂb 3DXO 5HXWHU q¨ȵf ü|ȱʼny Ȼ}bzùăȮ u fýx© fä ȿń 9RQJVDPDKLS -D\DQNXUD £ɂb 6HQL 3UDPRM £ɂb +HQUL 5ROLQ 6LU )UDQN 6RVNLFH £ɂb -DPHV 1HYLQV +\GH q¨ȵf ü|ȱʼny Ȼ}¥r¶ £ɪböăf ~Ⱥȧ| Ȭvx ¥ræs ÃÇl}¥ræs Ä ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÈÄ q ɂȧ|Ȼu ɆŋvɆbĀ u f öbi¨Ⱥk¤l}Ȼu£ȧ©£ɷ£ȱ{d Ⱦd ȸ¨f fȨf £l z÷ zb£hþ { u f ¨pɕ|¤l} |£ɨx b£d böăfȧ|Ɇŋvg£zþ {u fȧ| |qs}£ȱ{Ⱦd |v cþąu u f£ȱ{Ⱦd vl vbã u f£ȱ{£ɜýbzq ɂȧ|¶ ɆbĀ ¤l}Ȼuwò}y òăȶfȿu Ɂ{Ⱥzl gȨf£ýȧz¸ £ȧ©£ɷ£ȱ{|ȱʼny Ȼ}bzùăȮ¸ £ɂb u v¬ u q q y Ȼ}£cqòb¨xft¨ t ȧ|¤wöbb gçȧ|u£ɀȻ{ u f |lîȻ}¥uýb fzɇ¥wôbzùăȮ ȮɆbĀ ¶ £ȧ©£ɷ£ȱ{|ȱʼny Ȼ}¥r¸ £ɂbɆĚɆŋȬ|ü :LOOHP 6FKHUPHUKRUQ ýx sõv | ¥uziêzpŊ}vpĎď© vȵɑ} uò|Ȯq ýȿvɃ ¤~f¤wus ¤luɉȧ 'HOIW u fȮȺ{b¥uȺ{bȱʼnu ýv bɏ£ɀv} ýȿvziêzpŊ} Ȯ öbi¨Ⱥk¶ £ɂb )ULHGULFK ( $FNHUPDQQ 'LSO ,QJ ȮɆĚɆŋȬ|ü¥uziêzpŊ}vpĎď© vȵɑ} uò|Ȯq ýȿvɃ ¤~f¤wus ¤luɉȧ 'HOIW u fȮ ȿi b¥uȺ{bȱʼnu ýv bɏ£ɀv} ýȿvziêzpŊ} ȮɆbĀ u fȮ öbi¨Ⱥk¶ £ɂb +HUPDQ 7KHRGRRU 9HUVWDSSHQ Ȯ öb b£s Ȩfy z ȵ˴u~ĜsɎ ývȹu¤wöby dxúɆĚ ò¥uziêzpŊ}vpĎď©vȵɑ} uò|Ȯq ýȿvɃ ¤~f¤wus ¤luɉȧ 'HOIW Ȯ öbi¨Ⱥk¶ £ɪböăf ~Ⱥȧ|¤l}ýqȠ~£tÿ £ɪ¥ræs ÃË ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÈÄ q ɂȧ|Ȼuȼŗb £ {i vývi ¨ȩŏ£ f~ĜkȮ Ɇȹ|pª£ɪböăfvuôv
£l z÷ s ĀȺ¤cĀȾx{uò ¨x
s ȶ¨fs¨Ⱥ ¤l}Ⱦd bzùăȮȻuȱbi u £ȱ{ȿu~qòȿu|v q¨ȵfȾd ȸ¨f f
7
Ȩf¶
böăf£x}¥uȧ|vɐń¨f¤cĀȾx{uò£Ⱥ©
u f£ȱ{ȿuȧ| u ɐɖqx ývȹu
£ɂb u v¬ u ȻuvȫŖk£ȱ{ £fãv ¨x g¨pɓgȸ¨fɈ{¤l}ȸbsf£ɨu f fä£ q ¶ £ɪböăfl¨£p |ȧ|¥uu q ~Ĝt Ȯɂ{}bãp¯ bĀ| d Ⱦd Ȼuȱbi uu ~£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{l gȨf£ýȧz£u©¸
ȶfȺz ü|ȱʼnyȻ }bzùȮ ă ¸ £ɪböăfvpĎ fu f£ɪböăfl¨£p |ȧ|u q ~Ĝt ¸ £ȸ©v ȮɁȮȵgýb¥rg }cþąu z ug }cþąub±£ȱ{ zq ɂȧ|£zȶŋ£tÿ ȧ|~Ĝu gè²{u fývȧ ȷ¸ (Ã) ɁȮȵgýb¥r
ȿuȧqxÿb gçýqȠ~lb£gk ü u ~bfbȿŔ¨fývȱv
ɉ~ t ¤l}cþu ą Ȼu£Ȼ©s ȶ¨f£ɪ~Ĝb pñȱʼnu¥uýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| Ȭvȶ¨f x ȭŏ¨ÃËÇƶ (Ä) t v£q{ü¤lul £} ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| Ȯbzû sõ |v ýx©ɁȮȵgýb bzùăȮ¶
£ɪböf ă ȧ|£hþ{ qv¸ zq ɂȧ|£zȶŋ¸ I.-
ýȬu£Ȭ}u ~£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{ ¤l}ȱbi u£ȱ{ɁȮȵgýb¥r
£ɪböăfl¨£p |ȧ|u q ~Ĝt qv|v ¥r Ȯx £ böăfb|p Ȭ¨Ȼgg¨£Ƚ©ȧ| vȫŖku ~ ¨ɉf£ q ȺȺ ýȿvȧ|vl £ tu ~£ gbò £ ö ¨v¤uózȺȺ ¤l}u fɉgȱbi uq ɂȧ|£ȱ{ɁȮȵgýb¥rȮ{ȷ£ q ¶ II.- £ýzg£ gbò ȶz£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{ȸ¨fɈ{
¤l}ȿu£ɪböăf
vpĎ f£wò zu q ~Ĝt £u©|v bzùăȮ u f£ɪböăfl¨£p |ȧ|u q ~Ĝt |v bzùăȮ¶
8
z£zȶŋ~u Ĝ g { è² u fývȧ ȷ¸ Ã.- ɁȮȵgýb¥r ȿuȧqxÿb gçýqȠ~lb£gku ~bfbȿŔ¨fývȱvɉ~ t¤l} cþąuȻu£Ȼ©s ȶ¨f£ɪ~Ĝb pȱ ñ ʼnu¥uýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| Ȭvȶ¨fx ȭŏ¨ÃËÇƶ Ä.- t v£q{ü¤lul £} ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| Ȯbzû sõ |v ýx©ɁȮȵgýb bzùăȮ¶
ȶfȺz ü|ȱʼnyȻ }¥r¸ £ɪböăfl¨£p |ȧ|u q ~Ĝt qv¸ |ȱʼny Ȼ}¥r£ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{ȷ¸ (Ã) ȧ|ȸzȸ||v ýx©ɁȮȵgýbbzùăȮ £ɪböăfȽbüvpĎf u fl¨£p |ȧ| u q ~Ĝt z uȿuz }ȱʼnu£s u fdv÷ ýqȠ~ȻuýȬu£Ȭ}¶ (Ä) ýȻ~Ĝɇu ó q£ɪböăf¤lul ¥uýv£s ¥r¸ zq ɂȧ|Ȯs £ȩ|x£zȶŋ £tÿ ȧ|~Ĝu gè²{£ gbò u fývȧ l £gö©¶ £ɪböăf£x}l¨£p |ȧ|¥uu q ~Ĝt ȸk£ q w}£ȱ{ȼō}ȿq £ɪböăf£x} v s ~Ⱥȧ| Ⱥ¥ræs ÃÅ ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÈÄ £zȹ~ĝ¥uýv£s ¥rȻu£ ö ¨xuɎ|£x} £tÿ £ gbò £ ö ¨g f£ýȧ{böăfȺz üýv£s ¥r | ql}£ýȧ{£x}ɆŋvɆbĀ u f öbi¨Ⱥk¶ öbq¨ȵf|v Ⱦd bzùăȮýqȠ~Ȼu£ ö ¨ üvȫŖks Āuª|v cþąu ¨x vɐŖ£u© u fȻuývȧ ȷcþąuȿuȧ|£i¡Ȯbȸf ¨ ý f£} Ⱦx{ qò tz®u fdq vpŊ q |v q ɂȧ|¶ £ýȧ{x Ȼux Ⱦbɏȩŏ| g q ɂȧ|Ȼu £ýzg{}ýxzg¨£Ƚ©ȧ| £ ö ¨£ gbò u ɐɖq£ȱ{cþąu{}£e kȷ
vȺōvx ȻuɆŋvɆbĀ u f öbi¨Ⱥk
u f£ɪz u£x}¤l}Ⱦd ¥r£tÿ £ gbò £ ö ¨g f£ýȧ{ öbq¨ȵf|v Ⱦd bzùăȮɉg ȱbu ~£ gbò ¤b}zĂ¥u£ gbò £ ö ¨|v cþąu ýv u£v cþąuȿuv¨pfgf£tÿ vȺōvx ȻuɆŋvɆbĀ u f öbi¨Ⱥkȸ¨f£Ⱥ©¶ £ gbò £ ö ¨~Ĝu gè²{¤l}ȱbi uq ɂȧ|£ȱ{d Ⱦd
£ɪböăfu q ~Ĝt ȸk
£ q w}£ȱ{ȼō}ȿq £ {Ȯx £ vȺōvx ȧ| £ýzgȨf£l z ȿul gȨf £ýȧz¸
9
ȶfȺz ü|ȱʼnyȻ }bzùȮ ă ¸ b
£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{
¤l}ýqȠ~ȻuɉuȺ£x}£tÿ ~Ⱥȧ|¥ræs Ç
¤cz Ⱥ
ȭŏ¨ÃËÈĸ zq ɂȧ|£zȶŋ¸ Ã. ~Ĝu gè²{£ gbò u fývȧ ȷ ¤cĀýx¨¤lu|ɃfbzùăȮu f¥r £ɪq¨vulf¤|b d Ȯ¤cĀ¤l}Ȼud £ɪ£} ¤wus |v dpªbzûȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu|Ƀf pŊĐ g uu f£ ¢z ( v zù²uõäl}ȿuȾņvu fl¨£p |ȧ|u q ~Ĝt |v Ⱦd bzùăȮ)¶ Ä. ~Ĝu gè²{£ gbò u fývȧ ȷ ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ|ȿus ȶ¨f ó q£ɪböăf¤lu l £ýȧz t v£q{ü|v ýx©ɁȮȵgýbbzùăȮ¶ Å. ~Ĝu gè²{£ gbò u fývȧ ȷ ɁȮȵgýb¥rȿuȧqxÿb gçýqȠ~lb£gku ~ bfbȿŔ¨fývȱvɉ~ t ¤l}cþąuȻu£Ȼ©s ȶ¨f£ɪ~Ĝb pñȱʼnu¥uýȻɆsýx© ~Ĝɇ|böăf¤lul bzùăȮ Ȭvȶ¨fx ȭ¨Ã ŏ ËÇÆzb¶ Æ. ~Ĝu gè²{£ gbò u fývȧ ȷ Ɂ}| vgȿŔb ɂȬ|Ğb v¨¤pb¥uýȻɆs d¨| rûybu fb ɂ}Ⱦiu¯v Ɂp
¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼu{b£gkx ýȻɆs£ȱ{
ɉȮŇt|¥r ȶ¨f¤qx ȭŏ¨ÃËÇÆ |ȱʼny Ȼ}¥rýqȠ~¤qývd}zb ü|ȱʼny Ȼ} ¥uýx©ɁȮȵgýbbzùăȮ~Ĝk¶ c
£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{ ¤l}ȿu£ȯœ©ȷ£ gbò £ ö ¨g f£ýȧ{¤l}ýqȠ~ɉu
£ɪböăf ~Ⱥȧ| ¥ræs Ä ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÈÄ zq ɂȧ|£zȶŋ¸ Ã. ~Ĝu gè²{£ gbò u fývȧ ȷ ¤wus q¨vulf¤|b( v zù²uõÃ¥ul¨£p |ȧ| u q ~Ĝt |v Ⱦd bzùăȮ)
ȻuýqȠ~d £ fu f£Ȼ©x zùwɏ{böăfȺzu fȮ
ýv£ɀiu¯l}dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©b¨pqýx¨¤lu ¤l}Ȼuv£fâ q£ f£ȱ{ u ɐɖg ©¥ræs ÃÅ ¤cb zúª ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ ȷ¤wus £u© q¨ȵf ü£ gbò £ýzg|v dpªbzûȧ|Ȩf£} £u©
u f£ȱ{Ɇ|£ q ȧ|p¯u fȶz
£ q w}¥ub gçýxz£ýx¢fu f |ĜɀvrvuòvȺōv|v d Ⱦd ȷ¤wus £u© ȿu}bãpªȮ uõ ɐɖ¶
10
Ä.
~Ĝu gè²{£ gbò u fývȧ ȷ
¤cĀýx¨¤lu|ɃfbzùăȮu f¥r£ɪböăfq¨vu
i£ȿŔ©£u©böăfv|Ĝ£~pýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| d Ȯ¤cĀýx¨¤lu¤l}Ȼud £ɪ£} ¤wus |v dpªbzûȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu|Ƀf pŊĐg u-£ ¢z ( v zù²uõ à ¥u l¨£p |ȧ|u q ~Ĝt |v bzùăȮ)¶ Å. ~Ĝu gè²{£ gbò u fývȧ ȷ
ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ|ȿus ȶ¨f ó q£ɪböăf
¤lul £ýȧz t v£q{ü|v ýx©ɁȮȵgýbbzùăȮ¶ Æ ~Ĝu g²{ è u fývȧ ȷ
ɁȮȵgýb¥rȿuȧqxÿb gçýqȠ~lb£gku ~bf
bȿŔ¨fývȱvɉ~ t ¤l}cþąuȻu£Ȼ©s ȶ¨f£ɪ~Ĝb pñȱʼnu¥uýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| £ɪböăf¤lul bzùăȮ Ȭvȶ¨fx ȭŏ¨ÃËÇÆzb¶ Ç Ɏɩu gè²{£ gbò u fývȧ ȷ Ɂ}| vgȿŔb ɂȬ|Ğb v¨¤pb¥uýȻɆs d¨| rûybu fb ɂ}Ⱦiu¯v Ɂp
¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼu{b£gkx ýȻɆs£ȱ{
ɉȮŇt|¥r ȶ¨f¤qx ȭŏ¨ÃËÇÆ |ȱʼny Ȼ}¥rýqȠ~¤qývd}zb ü|ȱʼny Ȼ}¥u ýx©ɁȮȵgýbbzùăȮ~Ĝk¶
ȶfȺz ü|ȱʼnyȻ }¥r ¸ b £ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼuɉu£ɪböăf ~Ⱥȧ|¥ræs Ä ¤cz Ⱥȭŏ¨ÃËÈÄ Ƚbx²uõu f£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{¤l}Ȼuȱb£ȱ{|ȱʼny Ȼ}bzùăȮ£ɪ ¥ræs Ç ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÈÄ |ȱʼny Ȼ}¥r zȱbi uq ɂȧ|u ~£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{ |v cþąu l gȨf£ýȧz¸ Ã.
zq ɂȧ|£zȶŋb ¨ss }{bzbx Ȭ|ȵ£} ȧ|ȸzȸ| ¤l}Ȼu£ ö
£ȱ{Ⱦd bzùăȮ £ɪböăfbȷcpŊs Ãu fs Æ ¥u£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{¤l} ȱbi u£ȱ{ öbq¨ȵf|ȱʼny Ȼ}bzùăȮ ȧ}x ¥ræg²uô s Ç ¤cz Ⱥ £ȱ{ £ q ȷȧ|ȸzȸ|ȸ¨fx |£u©ýqȠ~Ȼuȱb{ q£x}£xb £ {z uȻuvčçĄ} £ɨböăfȧ|ȸzȸ|ȸ¨fɈ{ ¤l}|ȱʼny Ȼ}bzùăȮȻuȿuv¨pfȱbi u q ɂȧ|£ɪböăfvpĎ f£wò zu q ~Ĝt £u© böăfl¨£p |ȧ|u q ~Ĝt Ȯɂ{}bãp¯ bĀ| £ {£u©d Ȯ£} bl¨v f¤l} öbq¨ȵf|v bzùăȮ£} b£ f£ɪ£x}
11
¤l}ȩqȻu£tÿ £ gbò £ ö ¨|v bzùăȮ¶ £ q l £gö©Ⱦd ¥r z£ ö q ɂȧ| ȷz ud |ss }{bȧ|ȸzȸ|ȸ¨f£u©zbx Ȭ|ȵ£s¶ Ä. Ȯi¨u ~Ĝk Ƚbx²uõu fȧ|ȸzȸ|s à ¥uȧ|ȸzȸ|ȸ¨fɈ{Ȩf£} £u© Ⱦd ¥r z ȱbi uu ~£ gbò uö ȱʼnul gȨf£ýȧz¸ (i)
£dz uɉgvɐņbȻuȷ ¤wus v zù²uõà Ȯ bɆ|¤l} qýzȠ~ üȾd ȸ¨f £ȩ|xȶz£Ⱥ©£s £v £ȸ©v Ȯȶzcþ zɆ| ¥u u ɐɖȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ ȶz£ q w}£wĀfx £u©b±£ȱ{ ¶
(ii)
ȶzx q ýv£s ¥ru fýv£s bzùăȮx ¨ȻuȬqs býx¨¤lu¤l} Ȼud £ɪ£} v zù²uõà Ȯýx¨¤lu|Ƀfýv£s ¥ru fýv£s bzùăȮ £ɪböăfq¨vuyö¨lf¤|b£s¶
(iii)
£ȱ{Ɇ|£ q w}ȸ¨fɈ{Ȩf£} £u© ¤cĀýx¨¤lu¤l}Ȼu d £ɪböăf v zù²uõà z ud |{bzbi¨u ¤cĀýx¨¤lu¤l}ȿu ýɆv£ɪȶzi |yö¨lf¤|b£Ⱥ©£s ¤l}ȶzx qýqȠ~ȻuȾd ȸ¨f x |£tÿ ȧ|bq ȿł}u fss }{b| g£ {¶
(iv)
l £gö© £ȸ©v Ȯq ɂȧ|{}£e kȷ zý vu fss }{b zbx Ȭ|ȵu ~ȧ|ȸzȸ| (I) Ȩf£} Ⱥ£x}£u© ¤l}£ ö £ f £ȱ{bzùăȮ wô{ ă u f£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{|v ¥rb±£ȱ{ b±¥r z£ ö ȷ ȧ|ȸzȸ|£u©z uȿuz }ȱʼnuýdvýȩu£s ¤wĂbȶz fä£ gbò £ {dv÷ vl £ t£Ȭ}¶
Å zȱbi u£ gbò £ ö ¨v¤uózl gȨf£ýȧz £l z÷ £hþ {qvu f£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{s Äu fs Å|v bzùăȮ¸ (i)
ȿuy òăȶfȮ£ýg uvȫŖkȷ ýdv£x}£~ɂ ¨Ȩu¹ȸ¨f ¥rȻu u ~qò t v£q{ü£xk£}kböăfq¨vuýȻɆs£u© £ȱ{ ȩœubzùăȮ¶ wô{ ă £ɨ~Ĝk ýv u£v t v£q{ü£u©ýqȠ~Ȼuvl £ t
12
£ {ýv u£v bzùăȮȻu u ~qòz cȫ||lîȻ}|v cþąuȵz { £ɪböăfq¨vuȨf£} bzûȾx¤vv£Ⱥ©ȿu}bãpªzòfȿŀ} u fz uýȻblývȮ £ {£ȸ© ó qböăfb|p ȵb±£ȱ{ b±z u ɉg} v£Ȭ} býz qȧ| u ~qò t v£q{ü£xk£}k|v ¥r £ɪböăfq¨vuȨf£} £u©Ȼu£ {¶ (ii)
¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b£ɪböăfq¨vuȨf£} ý vȩŏȾd£ýg uu fg¨£ȵq rûi ¨~ĜkýȻ~Ĝɇu u fv£fâ qȻuȮýx¨¤luȶz uõ čì£ɪböăf q¨vuȨf£} £u© l gȿu¤gfböăf u ɐɖȭŏ¨ÃËÂƶ
(iii)
£ɪböăfbýz q¤l}ȷ ¤dzg¨£ȵqrûz uý vȩŏȸ¨fý f£ɨu f ¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs bl gȻuvȫŖk ü£e k£ȱ{ ȵ˴ul £ɪböăf q¨vu£u© Ⱦxc ȩŏ¥uv¤ýzvýzȡ}ȿubýz qq gq gv« £ȵɒ© £ {z ud |{bzbx Ȭ|ȵ£s¶
(iv)
}bã pªs £ɨ¥uq¨ v u £Ⱥ© u ɐɖ q üȿuýgbg } £ɨȧu ýȻɆsx Ȩ fýv£s ¥r |ĝ ýgbg } ýȻɆsx Ȩ fýv£s bzùăȮ ýqȠ~£ fȧqg¨£ȵqyö¨cù x Ƀ}s¨ȺvbzùăȮ¶
(v)
böăfȧ}ª£s ª¥u£|¡fbò £u© £dz uɉg u ~qò£l z÷ Ȯýv£ɀiu¯ l}bzùăȮu ~}sõ ȵz {
¤l}£} b£ f£ȱ{£zȹ~ĝbzùăȮ
£ { z uȷȮȧ|{}ýxz (acquiescence) ȧ|z u¤ývýb © zò (estoppel) ɉȮŇ{ ȧ} (prescription) £Ⱥ©£s¶ (vi)
£ȸ©böăfb|p ȵb±£ȱ{ q ɂȧ|z ud | u ɐɖq übzùăȮȱb £ ö ¨ȧ|ȸzȸ|z {
£ȱ{¤wĂb£} ɉȮŇ{ ȧ}¤l}x ¨ȿu
£} b£ f£ɪb¤uþfȵz {£Ɇ© £ɪböăfl¨£p |ȧ|u q ~Ĝt |v cþąu | ql}i qg fvčçv¥uȧ|vȫŖk£ q w}£ȱ{ȼō} ȿq|v cþąu £s v£} b£ fu ~ȧ|ȸzȸ|¤vv£u©¶
13
(vii) £ȸ©böăfb|p ȵb±£ȱ{ y òăȶf¤l}Ȯýv£ɀiu¯l}bzùăȮ z uýdvýȩuȸ¨fý f £l z÷ wò} übzùăȮu ~bzû sõ £ȱ{ɉȮŇ { ȧ}£Ⱥ©£s¶ l £gö© £ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{s Äu fs Å |v bzùăȮd |ýqȠ~ vl £ t£Ȭ}¶ Æ. v¤uózu fi¨u ü£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{s Æ|v bzùăȮ Ⱦd ¥r z£ ö ȷ £ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{£u© £v s bȮq ɂȧ|ss }{bzbx Ȭ|ȵ b±x ¨ȿu y òăȶfȩ¨ýsȸ}¤q£Ɇ© l £gö©£ {ȧ|ȸzȸ|ȱbi u£ȱ{Ⱦd bzùăȮ £ɪböăf£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{s Æ£u©z uɉgȩ¨ýsȻu£s¶ c £ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{¤l}Ȼu¤b ýzȡ} ýqȠ~Ȼuȱbi u£ɪ¥ræs Ä ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÈÄ vȺōvx ~Ⱥȧ|¶ Ƚbx²uõu f£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{
¤l}Ȼu¤b ýzȡ}ȱbi u£ȱ{|ȱʼn
y Ȼ}bzùăȮ ȧ}x ¥ræs Ä ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÈÄ |ȱʼnyȻ }¥r z£ȩ|xȱb£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{i uq ɂȧ|l gȨf£ýȧz¸ I. Ƚbx²uõu fȧ|ȸzȸ|s Ã¥u£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{¤l}Ȼu¤b ýzȡ}¸ Ã.
y òăȶfȸ¨fz }£ɪg¨£Ƚ©z cq ɂȧ|vȫŖkȷ ¤wus £ɪböăfq¨vuyö¨
lf¤|b ¤l}Ȯ v zù²uõÃ¥ul¨£p |ȧ|u q ~Ĝt |v bzùăȮz uýqȠ~Ȼu£d£|¢vg¨ £Ȼ©x zùwɏ{ böăfȺzu fȮýv£ɀiu¯l}dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©b¨pqýx¨¤lu ¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼuv£fâ q£ fȶz u ɐɖ g ©¥ræs ÃÅ ¤cb zúª ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ £s¶ £ȱ{¤ b dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©Ȩf£} | zȿudpªbzûȧ|ȻɁ¨f u fdpª bzûȧ|£ ¢z b±v« ¤uò v zù²uõÃȨf£} ýqȠ~Ȼu£|¢vg¨£ f£ȱ{ ȿi b dpªbzûȧ|ȻɁ¨f¤qȿŏb f u fýqȠ~Ȼu£Ȼ©x zùwɏ{¤qböăfȺzdpªbzûȧ| ȻɁ¨f¤qȿŏb fv« £ȵɒ©¶ Ä.
zĚuò ȻɁ¨f¤l}Ȼu£|¢vg¨ v zù²uõÃȨf£} x ¨ȿu ¨ȵg ÿ wò}ȧ|
vbýɆ{wþĄ~ȧ| g f£ýȧ{ȵz { ¨x £ gbò £ýzg|v dpªbzûȧ|
14
gýz ©Ȩf£} £Ⱥ©£s £ {|Ğq¤qx ¨ȿu ¨ȵgböăfȧ|vbýɆ{£ȩ}v¨pf |v dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©Ȩf£} £ɪýqfg¨pɓg¤l}x ¨ȿu£ gbò £ýzg ȵz {ýqȠ~Ȼubqýȶs b£Ⱥ©£s¶ Å. ȩœu£ gbò £ýzg|v dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©Ȩf£} ýqȠ~Ȼubqýȶs b ¨x ýx¨¤lu£ɪýȻ~Ĝɇu£s¶
ýv u£v dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©Ȩf£} x qȮȻu
ȯu£ɨl}£ gbò £ýzg¤vvȵ£Ⱥ©
£ gbò £ýzg£Ⱥ©z u¤zuȮ
q¨ȵfýq zýqȠ~£ɪ£} v zù²uõÃȨf£} £u©£s v« ¤uòd Ȯ£ gbò £ýzg ¤l}ȷ £ɪböăfq¨vuýȻ~Ĝɇu ýx¨¤lud |ýqȡq ȩŏȮz {u f¤dzg¨£ȵqrû¶ Æ.
x ¨ȿub gçýxz£ýx¢f£ýȧ{¹zb£s¢q|v d Ⱦd ¤l}wò} ü v zù²uà õ
u ~}bãpªȮ£sÿȾd Ȯ u ɐɖ£s¶ Ç.
|Ĝɀvr|v d Ⱦd g¨£Ƚ©}bãpªȮ u ɐɖ|v v zù²uõÃȨf£}
vȫŖkȷ Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |x ¨ȻuȬqs b¤cĀýx¨¤lu¤l}Ȼud £ɪ£} v zù²uõà Ȯ¤cĀýx¨¤lu£ɪyö¨lf¤|b£s÷ {¶ ¥rȻuvuòȧ|ȧuȧv£ȱ{ȩœui£ȿŔ©£ɪ £} s bl ȸ¨f £ɪ£} b¨x }yö¨lf¤|b¶ £ɪs b¤uþfȵb±£ȱ{ ¤l}ȿu ¤dzg¨£ȵqrû£} yö¨lf¤|b ¤dzg¨£ȵqrû£u©u fýqȠ~Ȼuss }{bȮýx¨¤lu ¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b ¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼuv£fâ q£s÷ f£ɪböăfq¨vu£u©ȶzȿýȶÃ¥u u ɐɖȭŏ¨ÃËÂƶ È.
£v £ȸ©v Ȯ v zù²uõÃȨf£} £u©
ýqȠ~ȻuȬqs bȷȿu}bãpªȮ
u ɐɖb±£ȱ{ b±¤cĀýx¨¤lu¤l}Ȼud £ɪ£} ¤wus v zù²uõãu©u f z uqýzȠ~ üd Ⱦd £ȩ|xȶz£ { x £ýȽ©ȷ ó q£ɪböăfq¨vui£ȿŔ©£u© Ƀ¤wĂb£ɨ£} ȧ|Ƀ ¤~fz u ýb q£ɪ£} l Ȯb¤ òf¶ II. Ƚbx²uõu fȧ|ȸzȸ|s Ä¥u£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{¤l}Ȼu¤b ýzȡ}
Ã. zq ɂȧ|b ¨ss }{bzbx Ȭ|ȵu ~ȧ|ȸzȸ|£u© x £ýȽ©ȷ¸ (i)
ȧ|ȸzȸ|g¨£Ƚ©q¨vu £ɪböăfv|Ĝ£~pýȻɆsýȻ~Ĝɇu d Ȯȧ| xýf bȧ|ȸzȸ| ¤l}|ȱʼny Ȼ}bzùăȮȻuȱbi u£ɪböăfvpĎ f £wò zu q ~Ĝt £u© u f£ɪböăfl¨£p |ȧ|u q ~Ĝt Ȯɂ{}bãp¯ bĀ|¶
15
(ii)
}bãcpŊ¥uȧ|ȸzȸ|ȿuȾxz ugɍ ɂ £l z÷ üq ɂȧ| u f|ȱʼny Ȼ}¥rɉgb¨pqȻuu ~s¨ ¨s bl ¤l}ýqȠ~ȸzȸ|£Ⱥ©¶
Ä. Ȯi¨u ~Ĝk |ȱʼny Ȼ}¥r z£} b£ fzòf£s¢qu ~bȷcpŊÅ¥u£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{|v cþąu ¤l}Ȼuȱbi uȧ}x ~Ⱥȧ||v q ɂȧ|£ɪ ¥ræs Ä ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÈĶ III. g¨£Ƚ©ȧ|ȸzȸ|s Åu fs Æ¥u£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{¤l}Ȼu¤b ýzȡ} |ȱʼny Ȼ}¥r z£} b£ fzòf£s¢qu ~bȷcpŊÅ¥u£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{ |v cþąu¤l}Ȼuȱbi uȧ}x ~Ⱥȧ||v q ɂȧ| £ɪ¥ræs Ä ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÈĶ IV. g¨£Ƚ©ȧ|ȸzȸ|s Ç¥u£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{¤l}Ȼu¤b ýzȡ} Ã. zq ɂȧ|b ¨ss }{bzbx Ȭ|ȵ£} ȧ|ȸzȸ|£u© x £ýȽ©ȧ|ȸz ȸ|£u© xýf bx £} ȧ|ȸzȸ|¤l}|ȱʼnyȻ }bzùăȮȻuȱbi u£ɪböf ă vpĎ f £wò zu q ~Ĝt u f£ɪböăfl¨£p |ȧ|u q ~Ĝt Ȯɂ{}bãp¯ bĀ|¶ Ä. Ȯi¨u ~Ĝk ȧ|ýȬu£Ȭ}u ~ȧ|ȸzȸ|s à s Ä u fs Å¥u£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{¤l}Ȼu¤b ýzȡ} ýqȠ~¤qȺ¨£ɨl}ȧ|ýȬu£Ȭ}u ~ȧ|ȸzȸ| £u©¶ Å. Ȯi¨u ~Ĝk ȧ|ȸzȸ|£u©d |b¨pqg¨£Ƚ©¤q~qóăȸ¨fɈ{ȶzýv£ys ¤l}ýqȠ~vɐņb£ɪböăfȧ|ȸzȸ| ¤l}ýqȠ~vɐņb£ȱ{y òăȶf£ɪg¨£Ƚ© z cq ɂȧ|ȷ ɉȮŇt|¥rȻu{b£gkx ýȻɆs Ȭvȶ¨fx ȭŏ¨ÃËÇƶ * *
*
£ɪböăfɆ}l ȧ|v cþąug ©¥ræs ÄÈ ¤c Ⱦ ȭŏ¨ÃËÈà ¤l}ȶz|{ª Ɇ}l ȧ£u© q ɂȧ|Ȼuss }Ɇł} zqób gç|v cþąu £l z÷ ~Ĝu gè²{£} i£ȿŔ©¤l} |ȱʼny Ȼ}bzùȮ ă Ȼuvò fzbq ɂȧ| £ɪ¥ræs È ¤cq ɂ ȭŏ¨ÃËÇË q ɂȧ|Ȼub¨pq g¨pɓg~ĜɃsl gȨf£ýȧz£u© ¸
16
£ɪböăf ¨pɓ¨£|¡f£u© bzùăȮȻu£Ȭsývȧuȧ||Ġ£ɂyv¨Ƚu£ȱ{Ⱦd ¥r £} t v£q{üs bl |v bzùăȮ£ɪq¨vuýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| u fv|Ĝ£~pi ¨~ĜkýȻɆs¶ ¥r£hþ {qv~Ĝk£ȱ{vɐņb ©ɉfȷ q¨vu¤l}ȿuvɐŖ ó q£ɪȨf¥r¥uýx¨¤lu| z |Ƀfýv£s ȸ¨fx | £ { ó q£ɪ£ýȧz t v£q{ü|v ¥r¶ £u©d Ȯi£ȿŔ© ¨x t v £q{ü¤lul ¶ l £gö© g¨pɓg~ĜɃs¤l}ȿu£ɪg¨£Ƚ©z cq ɂȧ|d ȧ|{}£e kc ȩŏ ¨x t v£q{ü£} q¨vu¥uýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ|¶ £l z÷ £ȱ©ýɆ{vɐŖ t v£q{ü¤lul £u© q ɂȧ|ýqȠ~¤qx u qü£z }¤cĀýx¨¤lu|Ƀf|lîȸ¨fx |£ɪböăfq¨vu£Ⱥ©¶ ss }¤wus Ȯ£ýg u
q ɂȧ|Ȼu
£ {b±Ȼu£tÿ ȧ|x Ȭ|ȵz {g¨u u| g£ {Ƚbx²uõu fvɐŖ
£u©¶ q ɂȧ|u fx u qüx Ȭ|ȵ£} ¤wus u z {¹¥u¤wus ȸ¨f£u© ¤qböăfýbvcpŊ ¤l}q ɂȧ|ɉg|b£e k ¨x z }£ q ȺȺ
¤l}ȿu£ɪböăf¤wus ýȿv£tÿ ȧ|
£ýzg£ gbò £l z÷ £ȱ©ýɆ{i£ȿŔ©¤qz {dq¤l}Ȼuȱbi uzbq ɂȧ| £ { ¤l}g¨pɓg~ĜɃs£u©£s v¤qýqȠ~Ȼu£} b£ fȨf£} ¶ * *
*
ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| d Ȯvl |pȱʼnux lîu fȮs ȧŀ|ªv Ɂpz { ¤l} ó q£ɪýx¨¤lu¥r-bzùăȮ¶ vgçăv÷uö £ȸ©v Ȯ¤wöbcþ©ýqȠ~Ȼu¤vbȻbb£± ȱ{ b±ýȻɆs ȿuw}ýv£ɀiu¯¤wöb }÷ª u fv Ɂp~ĜsɎɀŘf £z÷ z £ {£ɪ¤q£ýv ýȻ Ȯ b¤uþftzûɀýȶ¶ ýȻɆs£u©ȶ¨f£ɪ£} x{yö¨cù ¤l}ȿu£ȯœ©l gȩŏ ó q£ɪ q¨vuȨf£b q¥ui |yö¨lf¤|b ¤l}Ȯtzûȶv£fâ qȻuȮýx¨ývs}|Ƀfýv£s ȸ¨fx | £ɪböăfq¨vu£u© d ýv£s bzùăȮ£ɪȨfq÷Ąfu fýv£s ¥r£ɪȨf£i f¶ ¤wöbȮ£ýg u ¥ui |yö¨£u© | zwĀ¨£ȱ{ȼō¨frû£Ȭqcù ¹£ fýqfx £} Ƀ}s¨Ⱥv|v ýv£s bzùăȮ¶ £u©d ȮɆŌuȾx£ɪýx©~Ĝɇ|¤qzòf ¤l} ȩ|ýȻɆst¨ ó q£ɪýqfb¨x }¥us cù Ɂfýq £ȧp}{£gk£ɨ|bq¨vus¨Ⱥv¶ Ȭvx ¤dz¥ug¨£ȵqcù ɆŌuȾxs £ɨ
17
¥u¥wôl ȿu}bãpªȮiýȿ}£ȭő©£ɨs Ȩf£i f| ql}s£uþȵzz u ¤l} ó q £ɪböăfýv£s ¥r¶ ȶzȧ|x xp®ȺȨf£} d Ȯb¤ òfȵ ȷ¤cĀýx¨¤lu¤l}£l |ȶzv£ȵɑ{ ¤dzg¨£ȵqrû £ȸ©v Ȯböăfbýz qȵz {b±£ȱ{ £v Ƀ£l |£ɨs Ȩfq÷Ąfu fȨf £b q¥uq¨vuýȻɆs £Ⱥ©q¨vu£u©u f ó q£ɪböăfýv£s ¥r¶ wôă{£ɨ~Ĝk £v ¤cĀ ýx¨¤lu£l |£ɨs Ȩf£i f £ɨs Ȩf£i fu fȨf} g £Ⱥ©q¨vuýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| u f ó q£ɪböăfýv£s bzùăȮ¶ ýv£s ¥rȻuss gȷ ¤dz¥ug¨£ȵqrûv£fâ qȻuȮ¤cĀýx¨¤lutzûȮq u f Ȯb¤ òf£ɪböăfq¨vu£u©¶ £l z÷ ȩý¨ sȧ| ©ɉf£u© ýv£s ¥rȻu£ɀf£ɨl} y òăȶfȮ bɆ|¤l}vɐņbx huôª|v Ⱦd ȸ¨fx | böăfȧ|v£fâ q¤cĀýx¨¤lu¤l} u fz uýq z¤qȿu}bãpªtzûȮq v« £ȵɒ©£s d ¤rzȸ¨fȮb¤ òfu fz uɉgȾuýg ¨ £s¢qwf l gȮs£uþ i |yö¨ u fg¨£ȵqrûcù ¤l}ȿuýɆv£u©¶ huôª|v Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |¤l}gfȻu¤cĀýx¨¤luz { ¤l}ȿu}bãpªtzûȮq u fȮb¤ òf ɉg£hþ {qvȻuȶz£ ô |¤qýdv¤cĀvȺōqȵz { ¤l}£l |ȶzduþf ¤l}ɉg ȿł}Ȼuȶzv£ȵɑ{i |yö¨ ¨Ȩu¥ui |yö¨lf¤|b¶ ýx¨¤luɉgu f£l |ȶz ¤cĀvȺōqb¨x }yö¨ ¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b ¤cĀg¨£ȵqyö¨z { (£ɪs ȵ¤l}ȿug¨£ȵqyö ¨ £ {¤l}b|p £u©£ ô |¤qȩœu)¶ l g¤l}£dȻu£e kȺ£x}vgçăv÷uö£u© Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |Ȼu £ýzg{b¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b¶ £tÿ ¤vv£u© £d uûqȷȾd ȸ¨fx |Ȼuss } l f ȷ ¤cĀvȺōq¤vv£u© £ȸ© ó qböăfs ȶ¨fȮbɂbȵz {b±£ȱ{ u fz u¤zu Ȭ¨Ȼgȷ Ȯ¤cĀvȺōql gȩŏ£ɨu f¤cĀvȺōqȶzb¨x }yö¨ g¨£ȵqrû£Ⱥ©£s¶ l £gö© £dz uɉg uûqȷȾd ȸ¨fx |ȿuv¨pfȷ £ɪs ȵ¤l}ȿug¨£ȵqyö¨ ýx¨¤luýqȠ~ ¤q ó q£ɪȶzv£ȵɑ{g¨£ȵqyö¨£Ⱥ©£ { £ȱ{z ud qx ȧ|x Ȭ|ȵl¥s£s¢q¶ Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |b±Ȼu¤wĂb£} ¨p© ¨ȵfl¥s£s¢q ¤l}ȿu}bãpªȮ| v~uò ýv~qò ɆĚ ò Ɇ Ⱥ u fv Ɂp~ĜsɎwf¤l| v« ¤uòq ɂȧ|z uɉgȬqs b ¨p© ¨ȵfȸ¨f£Ⱥ©ȷȿu}bãpª¤l}ýqȠ~ £ýzgȻuȶzwþĄ~gɍv£ {¶
18
* * Ƚbx²uõ£ɨu fvuôăb¥uy òăȶf
* £ȱ{¤wĂb£} i¨ |ȮwþĄ~ȧ|ýqȠ~ȻuvȫŖk
ü£e kȷ £ȸ©v ȮbzùăȮȮ£l zvpĎ f¤l}ȻuȬv£wò zu q ~Ĝt b±£ȱ{ b±ýv£s ¥r d Ȯ öbȸzȸ| sõ |v cþąuȿŏbwf¤l| £ȱ{Ɇ|¤qȧ|ȸzȸ|¤l}cþąuȻuȱbi u £ɪböăf£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{s Ä¥ul¨£p |ȧ|u q ~Ĝt qv £ {¤l}ȸbs uu f t v £q{ü£} ¤lul z {b¤uþfl gȩŏ¶
ȸ¨fýv£s bzùăȮu fýv£s ¥r£tÿ ȧ|ȸzȸ|
£|¢f¹cþąu £ȱ{x f¤wĂb£} fä£ q u fȧ| ©ɉf¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼuvɐņbu f£} b£ f £ȱ{Ⱦd ȿŁf Ⱦd ȿŁf£s¢q¶ Ȯȧ|x qȵ vuôăb¥uy òăȶfȸbsfu fȧ| ȸzȸ| ɉý ²{£} Ⱦd ¤l}Ȼu ©ɉf £} b£ fböăfȧ|ȸzȸ|ȸ¨f£u©¶
* *
*
| ql}£x}¤l}bzùăȮss }Ȼu bɁiü£ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÇÅ bzùăȮd Ȯ¤wöbz { ¥u pŊĐg uȻɁ¨f £ {s¨Ⱥbs¨ufȧ|v|£s |v cþąu l gȩŏu fýv£s |v pŊĐg u ȻɁ¨fz {g¨u u£wĀf£s¢q¤l| ýqȠ~Ȼu£tÿ £ȱ{ýv£s ȻɁ¨f böăfȺz ¨ȵgɉȵ xɎȻ}¶ Ȯ| z d Ⱦd ȸ¨fx | bȾxss }Ɇł}ȷ i£ȿŔ©vgçăv÷uöȿuývyxb¨£p q zbx ȧ|£ȱ©ýɆ{ýx¨¤luböăf ¨ ăfȭŏ¨ ÃËÂÆ-ÃËÂÊ |ɃfȻɁ¨fu f£ ¢z (¤l} £ýȧ{zbýqȠ~Ȼu£ɷȷ¥r) u fȮx £ ȷ t v£q{ü£} ýx©~Ĝɇ|¤wĂb£} u ɐɖ ýx¨¤lug ©¥ræs ÃÅ ¤cb zúª ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ u f¤wĂb£} ýx qò ȧ|p¯£ýȧ{x ¥ræ£Ⱥ©zb¶ £ q l £gö©£ {ȻuȮq ɂȧ|z ux u qüɆŌuȧ|p¯ ¤l}£b qȿu|ɃfȾd ȸ¨fx | z u u ɐɖȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ£Ⱥ©£s¶ vsv÷čìqò Ƚbx²uõȺȺ¥u u ɐɖg ©¥ræs ÃÅ ¤cb zúª ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ ¤l}¤gf ¨x ýx¨¤lu¥uq¨vuyö¨lf¤|bȨf£b qȿucþ zɆ|l gȨf£ýȧz ¸
19
ȿýȶ à ýx¨¤lu|Ƀf£ ¢zu fbzùăȮ £ɪ£ýq {Ȩf£hÿfs£uþɆv Ȭv£wò zx ȿqȽz ¥u ô f|} | g£l |ȶz¤cĀý vȬvx g¨pɓg£Ⱥ©£ȭő©£ɨs Ȩf£b q | ql} i vu f¤ýxbb¨xf£s¢z vȺōvzbvq£ f£ɨs Ȩf£i f £ {¤cĀ£u©ýv xÿu f ¤cĀv£ȵɑ{x g¨pɓgýv xÿ£Ⱥ©| ql}i |yö¨lf¤|b¶ Ȭvx s £Ⱥ©zb ¤cĀýx¨¤lu £l |ȶz¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b ȿŁfg£ȺŔ©ɉfs£uþȵz¤ uu fs£uþ£zdfä u fs£uþȵzz u £ɪȿŁf£s¢q ¤cĀ£u©ýv xÿu fi |yö¨ȻŘȱf £ {£l |ȶzb¨x }yö¨£u© £ɨs Ȩf£b q | ql}s£uþ£zdfä¶ £ɪ¤cĀs bȨf£} Ȭvx g¨pɓg£Ⱥ© s£uþ£zdfä£ɪ¤qȮýx¨¤lu ¥uɁȮȵgýb£ ¢zý vȶzȿýȶÃ¥u uõ ɐɖg ©¥ræs Å ¤cq ɂ ȭŏ¨ÃÊËŶ ȿýȶÅ l¨£p |ȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu|Ƀfýx©ɁȮȵgýb£ ¢z u fs bl ¤l}v£fâ qȻu Ȯ pŊĐg uȻɁ¨f u fýqȠ~£|¢vg¨£tÿ £ f¶ ȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu£u©u fýqȠ~ u ~qò£ȱ{ dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©
¤l}ȿu ȿ ȾxzĚuò ¤qfȶ¨f£ȱ{ýv£s Ȯvb gç uɎ
ȸ¨fx |¶ b gçȧ|ȸ¨f£Ⱥ©Ƚbx²uõu fýx¨¤lu¤l}Ȼub¨pqböăfȿýȶÃu fÄ ýxz ȸ¨fq¨vu¤l}£ɪg£ȺŔ©s£uþɆvu f z ýs¶ Ȯvmz £d£e kȷȿýȶȸ¨f£u©z uȻuu ɀ{ ¨x ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ|£s¶ £ȱ{£ q w}£u©£ { z uu fq ɂȧ|ɉg£gk£ gbò £ýzgȸbsfu f t v£q{ü Ⱦx£ɪ£} q¨vuýȻɆsȻu
} ©ýȶ¤qȻux u qüu ~ ÿ ¤l}Ȯ¤cĀýx¨¤lu| gzb¶
vȺōvzb £ȸ©v }bãpªs £ɨ¥uýx¨¤lu¤l}b¨pqböăfȿýȶà Ȯ¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b ȶzi |yö¨lf¤|b b±v« ¤uò£ɀfȶzȿýȶÅ ¤cĀýx¨¤lux qýȻbl£u© u fýqȠ~b¨pq £ȱ{dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©ȻɁ¨f-£ ¢z¶ £} x £u©£ɨ£s¢q ýqȠ~bq ȿł}ȷ ÿ ¤l} ýqȠ~b¨pq£Ⱥ©d ýx¨ývs} |Ƀf£ ¢zu f pŊĐg uȻɁ¨f £ {£ȸ©v Ȯȧ|b¨pq ýx¨¤lu£u©Ȯ£ȩ} (prim facie) ýqȠ~¤wĂb£} }bãpª~Ĝu gè²{¤l}¤gfböăfȿýȶÃb±£ȱ{ b±£ȩ}v¨pf¥uȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu£u© d £l z÷ v£fâ q¤cĀýx¨¤luȮbɂbz {¶ £ q
20
l £gö© £l z÷ £ýzg£ȩ}£ɡ£u© ¤cĀýx¨¤lud Ȯ¤cĀ¤l}£b q£gkx ȧ|ȫ|¥uȧ| b¨pqýx¨¤lu £} b¤}f¤qȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu£u©ýqȠ~ȻuvȫŖkȷz uȿu x}Ⱦx¶ * *
*
ȾŔz¹£Ⱥ© dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©¤l}ȿu ȿi bȻɁ¨f-£ ¢zýqȠ~Ȼuv£fâ q £ f üss }vuôăbȧ|ȫ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu£ɪȶzý b£wĀf¹ | zȸ¨fý bz {g¨u u£ɪ ¤wöbȨf£b qi |yö¨lf¤|b ¤l}Ȯs ȶ¨fȿuýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| ó q£ɪ¶ dpªbzûȧ| gýz ©£u©ȿux |ýb z ȿŁfd ȻɁ¨fu fȿŁf£s¢qd £ ¢z £tÿ ȧ|| zȩŏ ¤l}z {ýb zȿu zĚuò Ȳu£}Ȩ u fzĚuò |lîȻ}iuȮq ȻɁ¨f £ýȧzȧ|l bȺ¨|v ývȹuȮiuȮq ȻɁ¨f
£ {z {ýb z£s¢qd ȿi b£ ¢z£ýȧzȧ|l bȺ¨|v ývȹuȮiuȮq
£ ¢z¶ Ƚbx²uõu fýx¨¤lu£ɪi |yö¨lf¤|b ȧ|ȫ||v dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©£u©ýqȠ~Ȼu býz q ü£tÿ ¤q£ɪȾdȨf£b q (zòă¨Ȩf£b qýgbb }) ¤l}ȿuýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ|ȶ¨f £ɪv« £ȵɒ©¶ £ɪ£x}£u© ȾdȨf} g¥ui |yö¨lf¤|bȸ¨fz } ó q£ɪböăfýv£s ¥r¶ £ȱ{Ɇ|¤q£ɪ£x}ȿul¨£ȵ©ýɆ{ýx¨¤luv¤uózȶz uõ ɐɖg ©¥ræs ÄÅ ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÉv« £ȵɒ© £s vý bz {g¨u uȮvu fȾdȨf} gyö¨lf¤|býqȠ~Ȼuȱbböăf ýv£s bzùăȮ
¤l}£ýȧ{zbq¨vu£u©ȻuȧŔ{Ȯq¨vuýx¨¤lu¶
b gçȧ|b¨pq
ýx¨¤lu£ɪböăfq¨vuýx¨¤lug f£ýȧ{£u© ýqȠ~Ȼuývd}£ɨ üdpªbzûȧ|gýz ©s Ä ¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼuv£fâ q£ fȶz uõ ɐɖȭŏ¨ÃËÂɶ dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼuv£fâ q£ fȶz u ɐɖȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ
Ȼu
£|¢vg¨b gçývi ¨£} bs Ã|v cþąu £ɪ¤czbɁ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÇ v« ¤uòb gçývi ¨£Ⱥ©z uȻu £ýzg ¤wöb¥ub gçývq vqò ȧ||v cþąu
¤l}Ƚbx²uõu fýx¨¤lu£ɪȶzȾdȨf£b q¥ui |yö¨
lf¤|b£s | ql}¤ctöĄ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÈ £v £ȸ©v Ȯȿu£ɪböăfb¨pq£ q |v dpª bzûȧ| £ɪ¥ræs Ä ¤ctöĄ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÈ ȷ ȿi biuȮq ȻɁ¨fz {| v¥udpªbzûȧ|£u© d u £ u {¯ b Tixier Ȼu£tÿ l¨£p |hþfȧqyö¨lf¤|b £ɪ¤cb zúª ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÇ b±£ȱ{¶
21
b gçývi ¨¥ræs Ä ¤ctöĄ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÈ ¤l}Ȼuývýx qò£ɨ£ɪ fä|~qòȻuýxz£ýx¢fȷ dpª bzûȧ|£u©d |¤q£ fyö¨lf¤|bx Ƀ}s¨ȺvȨfýv£s bzùăȮ £ȱ{hþfȧqýgbb } ¤l} ó q£ɪs Ȩf} g¥uýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| £ {£tÿ l¨£p |£ȭő©£ɨs Ȩf£b q ȶzv£ȵɑ{i |yö¨£u©ȶzwþĄ~l¤l} ( ȶz¤cĀvȺōql¤l})
¤l} u £ u {¯ b
Tixier Ȼu£l |hþfȧq£ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÂǶ b¨pq£ q ývi ¨Ȩf£} Ȼuvɐņbȷ Ɂ}ȧ| g ©x u qüy z ɆĚ òȬ¨Ȼgȸ¨f £ɪg£ȺŔ©wþĄ~£u©u f i |b¨x }yö¨ (¤l}wþĄ~£u©£l | £ ô |¤qý vȩŏu fi |b¨x }yö¨) ɉg{b~Ĝt £u©zb£ýv ýȻ Ȼu £ȱ{£ q ȷ wþĄ~£u© ȿugȿŃ{ɀŘfȭŃ{v¨w q¤qx à£ɨ ÃÇ d Ą¤z«ýqv« £ȵɒ©x b¨x }yö¨£ɪȨfȾd £ ¢z¶ x ¨ȿuȧ|i¨ȸ £sȷ ývȹuýb zȻɁ¨f u fývȹuýb z£ ¢z¥udpªbzûȧ| gýz © ¤l}Ȯq¨ȵf üdpªbzûȧ|£u© x qȮȻu£tÿ l¨£p |ȶzwþĄ~£u© u fȷ£ɪ böăf£x}£tÿ l¨£p |£Ⱥ© x b£dȻus ĀȺýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ|¶ v« ¤uòx ¨ȿub¨pqýȶ ¨x £ gbò £ýzgȵz {¤l}ȷx b£dɉgȻu£tÿ £Ⱥ©£s¶ £ɪböăfb gçývi ¨£ɪ¥ræs Ä ¤ctöĄ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÈl¤l}£u© b±Ȼuýxz£ýx¢fwf¤l| ȷ ȿi bȿŏb£s¢q¥uýb zȻɁ¨f|v dpªbzûȧ| d u £ u {¯ b ¬ Ċ ýqȠ~Ƀ ¤~f ¤wöbȨf£b qȸ¨fz }¥ui |yö¨lf¤|b ¤l}ȿuýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ|ȶ¨f£ɪ £ȱ{Ȭv £wò zx g fȨf£b q u fȷȩqýqȠ~Ȭb£gk£ɨv¨£xkȧ|ȫ|£u©£ɪ¥rævȺōv¶ l £gö©ȻuvɐņbɀŘfgɍ ȷ dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©£u©x qȮȿuhuôªx qýȻbl böăfȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤luböăfq¨vulf¤|b
u fȷdpªbzûȧ|gýz ©£u©ȻuȬq~Ĝȹuȧ|
Ȭ¨Ȼgýdv¤vvɀŘf £l z÷ l¨£p |ȧ|ȧ|ȫ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu¶ ȶzx q ȧ|ȫ|£u©ýqȠ~ Ȼuvčçv£ { £ȱ{£ q ȷ£ɪg f¤czbɁ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÉ b dä|lîs qȻɁ¨fývȬ¨ ýb fȻfbbȻuɁ{ȧ|p¯i u|lîzĚuò ȧ|v|£s £ɪȻŘ|ĝ ȷ ȩqȻuss }l¨p f ȮwþĄ~ȧ|x ývȹuýb zȻɁ¨f¥udpªbzûȧ|gýz ©ȷ ȧ|ȫ|b¨pqýx¨¤luȸ¨fz }ýqȠ~ Ȼuvčçv£ȱ{ȩœu vsô~£ q ÿ £ {
£ {ȷ¤cĀýx¨¤luýqȠ~Ȼub¨pqȮɆŌx|
| gɁ}£ { £} b¤}f¤q£ɪböăfq¨vu£ ¢zɁvv« £ȵɒ©¶ £} x £u©£s¢q £ɪböăf |Ȼ{ȧ|p¯ ò x b gçȧ|¥uȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤luȸ¨fz } g ©¥ræs Ä ¤cb zúª ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÉ
22
£wë i u|ȱʼny Ȼ}|v cþąu ývȹuýb zȻɁ¨fȻuu ɀ{ȷ ȶzv£ȵɑ{yö¨lf¤|b ȸ¨fz }u f| ql}s£uþ£zdfä z {£s ¶
ȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤luz uɉgvfâ üȿuȧ|}¨Ȼbȵ
|Ȼ{ȧ|p¯Ȼu£} b£ fwf¤l| ¨x ¤wus ¤l}w} q£ȱ{ýv£s ¥r
¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼu£|¢vg¨£ȱ{ däȺ{bȱʼnuy z ɆĚ òy z uô¥r £ɪs ýb fȻfbb£ɪ£x} rû ¹£u© ¤l}Ȼud wþĄ~¤l}dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ £l |ȶz £ɪyö¨lf¤|b¶ £ q l £gö©£ { Ƀɇbl gȮgɍ ȵ ȷýx¨¤luýqȠ~ȻuɃ ¤~f u f b¨pq| g£ { v« ¤uò ¨pɕ|d ȷ£q ÿ Ȯ¤cĀýx¨¤lu£Ⱥ©? (Ȯx £ £ɪq¨vuýx©~Ĝɇ|) u|ȵȮ öbb¨pq? £ȱ{~Ĝt ȵ? £ {ȶzvɐņ|v u|ȵ? ȧ|}¨Ȼbböăfȧ| £hþ { ¨pɕ|ȸ¨f£u©d ó q£ɪýqfȷ vȺōvx ȿub¨pq£ q ¥ub gçývi ¨|v dpª bzûȧ|s à £ɪ¥ræs Ä ¤ctöĄ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÈ £dz u£e kȿuȧ|£ɀfv¤uózȸ}¤q£Ɇ© £ɪböăfb¨pq£ q ¥ub gçývi ¨£ýȧ{¹zb£s¢q ò x vɐŖýx¨¤lu£ɪböăfq¨vuyö¨lf¤|b £u©£s¶ £dȻul fȷ£ɪ£x}£Ⱥ© dpªbzûȧ|Ȼuvčçvb gȧ ç ||v cu þą f¤q £ɨ£ {£ɪ£} l Ȯb¤ òf £ {£db¨x f|fȬ¨|Ȼ{ȧ|p¯ u f¤wus v£ȵɑ©ɉ uö |v zĚuò Ȳu£}ȨɆĚ ò ( u £ u {¯ b ¬ Ċ u f öb£wĀf£s¢q)¶ |Ȼ{ȧ|p¯u f ¤wus ȸ¨f£u©z uȸuȻu£tÿ | gɁ}£ {£s| ql}¤cb zúª-z Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÉ ¤l} ȶztzûȶ£x}£~ɂ£u© dpªbzûȧ|u fýqȠ~i vývi ¨ȩŏzòf£s¢q£l z÷ x u qüx Ȭ|ȵ £} |Ȼ{ȧ|p¯u f¤wus ȸ¨f£u©¶ £dȻul fȷ ȿub gçývi ¨z {ýqȠ~Ȼub¨pqȮ v£ȵɑ©ɉ uö£tÿ £ɪ¥ræs Ê ¤cz Ⱥ¶ £u©x qȮ£gqȺböăfȧ|£ȧ©ývi ¨¤l}ɉg£e k ȶz|{ª} c q£ȧ©ývi ¨vȺōux b dä|lîs qȻɁ¨fývȬ¨ýb fȻfbb £wë i u|lîzĚuò ȧ|v|£s ȻɁ¨f£ɪs ýb fȻŘ|ĝ g ©¥ræs ÄÅ ¤cb zúª ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÉ £ȱ{ȿu zu ~ |Ȼ{ȧ|p¯|v £ɂb~|£ u {¯ b Bernard ývȹuýb zȻɁ¨f¥udpªbzûȧ|¶ £ɪ böăf} c q£Ⱥ©¤l| £ɂb b dä|lîs q Ȼu£} b£ fȷ ¤wus ¤l}vȫŖk ü£e k u ~ýx¨¤luɉgýqȠ~Ȼu£tÿ vgçăv÷uöbzûböăf|{ª£x}l±cþ z|zü £ {b gçývi ¨£xk fä |v ȿi bdpªbzûȧ|ȻɁ¨fu f£ ¢z ýv¤ }Ȯu fɉg£|¢vg¨£tÿ £ɪz u¥ræs ÃÇ
23
¤cz Ⱥ ¶ v« ¤uòȮb¤ òf x ¨ȿub gçývi ¨ȵz {ýqȠ~ȻuýȻ| £ f£Ⱥ©£s¶ böăf£x} Ȯz {ȩŏ£Ⱥ©¤l| |ȱʼny Ȼ}ȸ¨fx |Ȼul¨£p |ȧ|g|Ȭ£} uõ ɐɖýx¨¤lurû z { £s¢q¶ uõ ɐɖ£u©¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼug © qó£}Ȩ£ɪ¥ræs ÄÅ ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÉ Ȼu ¤gf ¨x ȧ|£ȱ©l |s bl u fvsv÷čìqò gɍ ɂ ȸbsfu fýx¨¤luȸ¨f ¤l} z uȻu¤gf£ɪböăfl¨£ȵ©ýɆ{¥u uõ ɐɖȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆz u¶ l £gö© dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©b¨pqýx¨¤lus ÄýqȠ~Ȼuv£fâq £ fȶz uõ ɐɖ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂɶ l g¤l}Ȼu£} b£ fx Ȩf£l z b gçȧ|z {g¨u u|v dpªbzûȧ|£u© d b¨pq¤wöb¥uq¨vuy¨ölf¤|b¤l}z u ó q£ɪ£ýȧz zqób gç|v dpªbzûȧ|s à u ɀ{ üg¨Ȭvx ýgbb }£ɨs Ȩf} g l £gö©£ {z u| zvčçĄ}q¨vuýx©~Ĝɇ| ¤l} ó q£ɪs Ȩf£b q¥uýgb£Ⱥ©£s¶ ȶzx qȿuȧ|ȫ|Ȯuȩŏc©þ ¹|Ƀfdpª bzûȧ|ȸ¨fx |£ɪböăfq¨vub } v« ¤uòȧ|ȫ|Ȯuȩŏ£u©z uɂq uõ fl}q¨vuýx© ~Ĝɇ|£Ⱥ©£s¶ £ȸ©ȮɀŘfȵbò £ɪ £ɪ¤b÷|ýgbb }ȿuy òăȶf£ɪböăfb¨pqýȶ |v dpªbzûȧ|s Ä ¤l}ȷ¤cĀýx¨¤lu¤l}d £ȱ{dpªbzûȧ|£u© ȻuȾņv Ȯz {¤cĀýx¨¤lu¤l}ȿuýɆv ¤l}qýzf£ȭő©£ɨȨf£b q| ql}q¨vuýȻɆs u f q¨vuýȻɆs£u©£ɨ£s¢q¶ £dx ¨ȿux²q®ȿuȮbɂbȷ£q ¤cĀýx¨¤lu£u©Ȯ ÿ £Ⱥ©£s ȷ£q ¤cĀýx¨¤lu£u©ýqȠ~Ȼuv£fâ q£ f£ȱ{|£v¢vȵ£s v« ¤uòȿuȧ| uûqz {ȿuszæu|Ğfȿ¨£ɪýdvȧ}ª£s ª ¤l}ȷ£ȸ©ȶz|£v¢vȵb±£ȱ{¤cĀ ýx¨¤lu£u© d Ȯ}sõw}¥uȧ|ȫ|Ƀ ¤~f|v dpªbzûȧ|s à u f¤l}ývȹuýb z ȻɁ¨f |£ |böăf|Ȼ{ȧ|p¯g ©¥ræs Ä ¤cb zúª ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÉ £ȱ{Ȼuvɐņbȷ ȧ|ȫ|Ƀ ¤~f£u©ýqȠ~Ȼuvčçv| gɁ}£ȱ{z ui vȧ|}¨Ȼbȸ}¤q£Ɇ©¶
ȶz
ȿýȶÆ¥u uõ ɐɖȭŏ¨ÃËÂÉ q ɂȧ|bq ¨ȩ}£e kȷ £ȸ©v Ȯdpªbzûȧ| gýz ©s ÄȿuȾ|b gçb¨pq ýx¨¤lurû ȶz uõ ɐɖ£Ⱥ©b±£ȱ{ ȶzývȧ| III ¥u x t Ɇ|¤l}ȾņvȮz { uõ ɐɖdpªbzûȧ|£u©
b±ȿuȾ|b gçb¨pqýx¨¤lu£ɪ
¤wöbȸ¨f ¥uýx¨¤lul gȿu¤gfböăfývȧ| I ¥ux t Ɇ|£u©¶ vsv÷čìqò g f£ýȧ{ £u©ȸbsfu fi |yö¨lf¤|bȸ¨fz } Ȭvx g¨pɓgz {£ɪȽbbȵɑ}ȾdȨf} g¥u i |yö¨£u©vuòl}i |yö¨ȻŘȱf£ɪȾdȨf£b q¥uyö¨lf¤|b| gvuò| ql}s£uþ£zdfä¶
24
l £gö© ýv u£v ȾdȨf£b q¥uyö¨lf¤|bu fq¨vuyö¨ȻŘȱf z uȸuýqȠ~Ȼub¨pq ýx¨¤lu£ȱ{dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©s à (ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ) £Ⱥ©dpªbzûȧ|s Ä (ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÉ) ȿuȾ|b gç£tÿ ȧ|ȫ|£u©¶ £ýɗx ȧ|ȫ|Ȯuȩŏ¤l}Ȼu£} b£ fȨf£} (£ȱ{ z uɂq uõ fl}ýx©~Ĝɇ|) dpªbzûȧ|£u©z uȻu£tÿ b gçȧ|£u©£s £ q l £gö© £ {ȧ| uûq d ȷȧ|ȫ|Ƀ ¤~f£u©ýqȠ~Ȼu£tÿ | gɁ}£ {¶ Ȯb¤ òf dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©s Ãz uȻu£|¢vg¨b gçývi Ȯ ¨ wþĄ~ȧ|ȵz {£ { £ýȧ{¥ræs ÃË ¤czbɁ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂɶ £dz uýqȠ~£yþg£sȷ £ɪ£x}¤l}b gçývi ¨¤vv £u©d |¤qýqȠ~Ȼu£d£|¢vg¨£tÿ £ f böăf£ȩ}v¨pfvčçvb gçȧ||v dpªbzûȧ| ȧ|Ȭvɉ|zûp¯£ɪböăfýv£s ȸ¨fx | u fx ¨ȵbvd ä}¤l}Ȼuss } sx õ £ £l z÷ v¨£xkb gçȧ|u fv£čçkzq böăfȺzx b£d£} b gçȧ|ȸ¨f£u© d £ȼŋ q£} ȧ| £ýzgȻuu ~ uõ ɐɖg ©¥ræs ÄÅ ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂɶ ȧ|bfÿ}Ȯgz÷f|v x b£d Ȯx £ |v £ɂb~|£ u {¯ b Bernard z u¤zuȧ|z uȻuvčçvȮx t ȧ| u ~}sõw}¥uȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu ¤l}x b£dýqȠ~v¨£xkbuþfzb£s¶ l¨ȵbȧ}g f£ýȧ{¥uývq vqò ȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu d Ȯȧ|£|¢vg¨uf £Ȼ©x zù wɏ{¤wus ¶ g¨£Ƚ©ȧ| u ~qòȧ|ȫ|v£gçb£s £u© |ȱʼny Ȼ}£ ¢z¤l}£ɪ£x} £Ⱥ©x ¨ȿuz£tɎȻ{ýdvýȩu Ȼu£ ö ȮwþĄ~ȧ| üzĚuò Ȳu£}ȨȻɁ¨fd ¤wus böăfq¨vuýx¨¤lu£u©¶ ɃbücpŊs z {¥ub¨pq£ q |v b gçývi ¨dpªbzûȧ|gýz © s à £ɪ¥ræs ÄË ¤c~Ĝgè ȧ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÇ ȻuvɐņbɀŘfgɍ ȷ ¨£p £u©Ȼuss } ȧ| bȾxx ýb z£ ¢z¥udpªbzûȧ|£u© ¤l}ɉgȮ öbwòąg£wò zd¨u q£s¢qwf £ȱ{£ q ȷ£ɪböăf} c qz { g ©£ɪ¥ræs Ä ¤c ɇ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÊ ¤l}£ɪböăf} c q £u© b dä|lîs q£ ¢z£ɪs ýb fȻŘ|ĝ Ȼu£wë i u£ɨ|ȱʼny Ȼ}|v cþąu ¨x ¤wus ¤l}Ȯ}sõ w }g f £ýȧ{¥uȧ|d ¤wus
£ɂbs q £ ¢z| v £u©Ȼu£ɀf£}
dpªbzû ȧ |gýz © b¨ p q ýx¨ ¤lu u f ¨ £p | v d pªbzû ȧ |£ ¢z¤l}£ ö ü dpªbzûȧ|ȻɁ¨fȮ öb£|¢vg¨¤wus ýx¨¤lu£wĀf¹ £s¢qwf¶ ȧ|p¯£u©d Ȯu£ɀ Ȼ{gɍ ɂ |v ɉȮŇt|£ ¢z ¤l}ýqȠ~ȻuvɐņbɆȮrû £ɪböăfdpªbzûȧ|
25
gýz ©s Ä (ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÉ) ¤l}ȷ £ ~Ĝb£ ¢zȻu£ ö ¨l} ȿi bȻɁ¨f¥udpª bzûȧ|£u© ü u ~qòȧ|d ¤wus y z ɆĚ ò£u© l g¤l}ȿu£ɪböăfb¨pq£ q ¥u b gçývi ¨ ¥ræs È ¤cz r Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂʶ |ȱʼny Ȼ}ȻɁ¨fȻuȬq~ȹ Ĝ uȧ|Ȭ¨Ȼg £l z÷ üb gçȧ|£u©ýqȠ~ u ~qòȻu£ȱ{ zĚuò £ɀȹȻɁ¨fz {ýb zȿuȩŏÆȺb¤l}böăf£Ⱥ©ÅȺb d £ɂb u £ u {¯ b Tixier, Kerler u f De Batz ȹŔvȮ ȿi b|v dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©s ö ýb z£u©Ȼu £tÿ ȧ|£ýȧzȧ|l bȺ¨s £ɨ|v ~|£ u {¯ b Bernard £ {£ɪg f |s|l ~ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÉ ýb z£u©Ȼuvčçv¤wus z {£ ¬|ĝ¤l}ȿug¨u uÃÃȼō¨f ýdvlpĎvz {Ⱦdt¨¥u ýx¨¤lu|Ƀf£ ¢zu f pŊĐg uȻɁ¨f | zvčçĄ}ȸ¨f¤wöbȸ¨fɈ{¤l}Ƚbx²uõ£ɪböăf £|¡fbò £u©¶ ¤wus ȸ¨f£u©ýqȠ~Ȼu£Ȼ©x zù u fwĀxÿwɏ{£ȱ{ýb z ¬ ud ¤wus l± }÷ }ɍk|v ȻɁ¨fz {¤l}ȿu£ȯœ©ȷ H. Barrère¶ ¤wus ȸ¨fÃÃȼō¨f£u©ýqȠ~včéĄu£ɨ ü|ȱʼny Ȼ}£ ¢z £ɨȶzu q ~Ĝt ýq zýqȠ~ Ȯ¤wus ¤l}|ȱʼny Ȼ}£ ¢zȻu£ ö ¨ £ {q ɂȧ|u fx Ȭ|ȵ ¨x ȧ}ª£s ª ¥uȧ|včéĄu¤wus u fȧ| uö ȱʼnu¤wĂb£} ȧ|ýȻý ²{ȸbsfȩŏ£u©£ɪ£x}£ýȧ{¶ ¤wus Åȼō¨fböf ă g¨£ȵz¤wus ȸ¨f ýqȠ~¤}f£ýv ȧ|£b q£ȱ{ýx qò ȧ|p¯ £ýȽ©ȷ q¨vuýx¨¤luȬ ¤l}¤wus ȸ¨f£u©ȻuvȫŖk Ą~£u©Ȼu ó q£ɪböăfs bl |v bzùăȮȸ¨fý f£ɀfȶz uõ ɐɖ ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂɶ ɉý ²{£ q £u© £ ¢zz u ýqȠ~Ȼu£ ö ¨ üss }{b vl £ t¤wus ȸ¨f£u©£ {¶ v« ¤uò¤wus £wĀf£s¢q£ɪ ¤qȿuýv£ɀiu¯l¤l} ýȿvýv£s £ ¢z¶ böăfg¨£ȵz¤wus ȸ¨f£u© ȿu¤wus z {Ȯ¤wöb¥ui |yö¨lf¤|b ¤l}ȿuýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ|ȶ¨f£ɪ £ {£ɪ£} ¤wus £Ⱥ© £dȻud ¤cĀýx¨¤lu¤l} ©ɉfȷ Ȯ}sõw}¥uȧ|ȫ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu u f¤l}Ȼu ȱbx{yö¨ýx©~Ĝɇ|ȸ¨fz } ýxzȸ¨fq¨vuýȻɆs£s¢qwf ó q£ɪböăfs bl bzùăȮ¶ l £gö©ýv u£v ȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu ¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼu£tÿ £ f£ɪȾdȨf£b q¥ui |yö¨lf¤|b Ȼub¨pq ȿuv¨pfb¨pqȶz¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b £Ⱥ©¤wus £u©ɉgȬqs bȷ ȻuvȫŖk¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b¤vv£u©£ {¶ ¤wus £u© ýqȠ~Ȼu£|¢vg¨£ f£ȱ{ýv£s
26
bzùăȮ£ɪböăf v zù²uõÃ¥ul¨£p |ȧ|u q ~Ĝt |v cþąu £ {ýqȠ~Ȼu£dl f£ɪböăf£|¡fbò £u©ȷȮ¤wus v zù²uõ à (u fýqȠ~£ɀf£ɪböăfɆ}l ȧ£u©)¶ ¤wus £u©£ {¤l}bzùăȮ{b£tÿ Ȯz }ȱʼnugz÷f £l z÷ ȩ¨ýsl}ȧ|ȸzȸ| t v£q{ü|v cþąu£} ýȻɆs£u©¶ wôă{£ɨ~Ĝk ýv£s ¥rqɃŘg¨£Ƚ©ȧ|ȸzȸ| ȵz { ¤l}¤wĂb£} ¤wus £u© £ȱ{ȿu ¨ɉf£ q l gq£ɨ¸ s z { ¤wus £u© z u¤zuȻuzbx ȧ|ȫ||v dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©£s £ q l £gö©£ {£s v¤wus £u© x ¨ȿu}bãpªȬvvf㨶 s x | £ɪýqfq¨vuýx©~Ĝɇ| ¤wus £u© ȿub¨ ¤wöb ¨Ⱦ|ª ¤l}z uɉgxuü}Ȼu £ȱ{¤wĂb£} ȧ| u ~qòu ~ ¨ȵghȺōu sõ böăfȧ|¤b¤ýv ¤l}dpªbzûȧ|ɉgȿu¶ £ɀfȶzȧ|qɃŘ|v ¥r b¨ £Ⱥ©d ȷ¤cĀýx¨¤lu ¤l}ýqȠ~ȻuvȫŖk£} ¤wus £u© z u¤zuȮ¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs bx qýȻblböăfq¨vu£u©£s £ {ȷýv u£v ɃȮ¤cĀvȺōq¤l}d ȶz¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs bx qýȻbl£Ⱥ© q¨vu ýȻɆs£u©u f ó qböăfs bl ¥r¶ ¥rȻuqɃŘv¤uóz£s¢qȷ £v u ɀ{ ¨x q¨vuýx©~Ĝɇ| cþąuz u¤l}ss }{b¤wus £u© ¤cĀýx¨¤lu¤l}ȻuvȫŖk£ɪ£} ¤wus £u© ɀŘf £ɇgȵ ȸbsf£ɨu fýx©~Ĝɇ| ¤l}ȧ|ss }Ɇł}£u©qýzȠ~ ücþąuýqȠ~ u ~qò ȶz£Ⱥ©£s¶ z«Ɏf~Ĝk£s¢q ýv u£v ¥rx qȮȻuss }{b¤wus £u© d ¥r£tÿ l £gö© b±£ȱ{Ɇ|¤qcþąuȿui¨£u¡£ȱ{ȿuȧ|y²uòýg ¨ȷ ¤cĀýx¨¤lu£} ¤wus £u©ýqȠ~Ȼu £dd ýq zýqȠ~£ɨȶz¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b¶ £ɪ£x}£u© q ɂȧ|u fx Ȭ|ȵ¤q£ɨ£} ȧ|qɃŘs Ãv« £ȵɒ© £ȱ{¤wĂb £} s Ȟ b|p¯¤l}q ɂȧ|{}£e kȷýq zýqȠ~ £Ƚ}d ¤wus £u©z uȹŔv¤l}Ȼu ss }ȧ| bȾxȮwþĄ~ȧ|x dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©s ãs £ȱ{£ q ȷdpªbzûȧ|£u© ¤}fl¨£p |ȧ|ȶ¨fx v« Ⱥœu¤cz u£x}w} qȻu¤wus £u©£z«þ©¶ b¨pqýȶz uȻu vȫŖkȷ £q ¤wus u f¤cĀvȺōq£u©Ȼu¤wĂbȶz£ gbò £ýzg ȧ|¤pȺ¨ȵz { x dpªbzûȧ|l}zĚuò Ȳu£}Ȩ £ɪ£x}dpªbzûȧ|b¨x fȿul¨£p |ȧ|£Ⱥ©£s¶ ÿ ¤l}gɍ £Ⱥ©d ȷ ¤wus £u©ýȻblȮȻu¤wĂb£} z }ȱʼnuȵz {£ { £ { q ɂȧ|{}£ȱ{x ¨ȿu~Ĝzq fĀ²{£ {ȷ ¤wus £u©Ȼu¤wĂb£ɨ£} ȧ|ȫ||v
27
zĚuò Ȳu£}Ȩ£ɪq¨vuyö¨lf¤|b¶ £ȱ{¤wus £u© Ȯ¤wus z {böăfg¨£ȵz£ ¬|ĝ¤wus ¥uq¨vuýx¨¤lu¤l}Ȼuw} q£ȱ{ öbi¨ȺkȲu£}ȨɆĚ ò|v |ȱʼny Ȼ}ȻɁ¨f ȶz ¨£p |v ɉȮŇt|£ ¢z ¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼu£Ȼ©x zùu fwĀxÿwɏ{£ȱ{ýb z ¬ u}÷ £ȯœ©z {£ɪȻŘ|ĝ ýdvg¨pɓgȸ¨f ýqȠ~ȻuvȫŖkɀŘfgɍ £ɪ£} ¤wus £u© £ q l £gö©£ { ¤wus £u©ȿu}bãpªwþĄ~ȧ| £ {¤wus £u©ȿu ¨ȵg|v cþąu ȶz}bãpªv£gçb£s £ {¤wus £u©ȿuývyxb¨£p qývbv£ȱ{}bãpªgɍ ¤sf q üzuô } fĀ²{¶ £ȸ©ȮɀŘfȵb±£ȱ{ q ɂȧ| uö ȱʼnuȷ £ɪ£x}Ȭv £wò z u f£ɪ£x}w} q¤wus £u©x ¨ȿu}bãpªqýzȠ~ üd Ⱦd u ~qòȶz£s¶ * * ¥rȻuvȫŖk£ q w}ȷ
*
£ȱ{Ɇ|x ¨ȿuȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤luȵz {¤l}
Ȼu{}ýxz u f u z²q£ȱ{dpªbzûȧ|gýz © £ȱ{¤wĂb£} ȧ|¤pȺ¨|v cþąu ȶzɆœ|q ¥uȿýȶÃ¥u u ɐɖȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ ¤cĀýx¨¤luȬ¨ȻgýqȠ~¤q u ~qò£ȱ{z f ȿŘqȶz¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs bx qýȻbl
£ {ȷ£ɪq¨vuýx©~Ĝɇ|¤cĀvȺōq£u©u fȱb
ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ|£ɪböăfs bl ¥r¶ £v s bȮss }Ɇł}ȷ dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©ȿu hȺōu sõ z {g¨u uböăfȧ|ȫb£gkx ¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b £l z÷ £i¢ ɃfȾxz uývýbq u fȿuhȺōu sõ x u qü£} £ q ȧ|p¯£ɪȶzq¨vuȮb¤ òf sõɆt£Ⱥ© b±¥r i¨ȸ ȷ ȧ|ȫb£gkȵz { l gȮȧ|ȱbýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ|£ɪböăfs bl bzùăȮ u f£tÿ ü£} ~ĜɆ}Ⱦx¥u ¨ȵghȺōu sõ ¤l}dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©ȿu £ȱ{z u Ȼux Ⱦbɏgɍ ɂ Ȯz {|ȱʼny Ȼ}ȸ¨fx |¶ £v s bȮcþ zɆ|¥uȧ|i¨ȸ ɉgȿu£ȱ{ȧ|£} b£ f£ȱ{cþąu f£u©bò q ɂȧ|{}£e kȷ ȧ|i¨ȸ £u©z ug¨vɐŖȮb¤ òfȽbx²uõ£ɪs £u©£s¶ £v s b Ȯx ¨ȿuȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu£ɪ¤v«bȨf£b q¥uyö¨lf¤|b ¤l}Ȼu{}ýxzu f u z²q £ȱ{dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©b±£ȱ{ b±Ȯb¤ òfȻu£v bwþĄ~ ü|ȱʼny Ȼ}ȸ¨fx |ss }{b u ~ȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu£ɪq¨vu£Ⱥ©Ȼu £ȱ{£ýv ýȻ ȧ|ȫ||v ȿi bv£gçb£s
28
¥udpªbzûȧ|gýz ©¶ g¨£Ƚ©ȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤luȵz {¤l}ȫb£gkx ¤cĀ¤vf¤gb s b £v ¤wĂbȶzȧ|qɃŘ|v ¥r £ȱ{£ q ȷȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu¤l}ȻugfĂă}vȫŖk £ɪ£} ¤wus v zù²uõà z u¤zuȮȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu|v dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©£Ⱥ©x ¨ ȿu£ q w} ÿ ¤l}ýqȠ~x Ⱦbɏȷ £q ȧ|ȫb£gk¤l}ɉg£b qȿu£ɪq¨vuýx©~Ĝɇ| ó q£ɪböăf ¨ȵghȺōu sõ |v dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©£Ⱥ© b± q£s¶ £ q w}£ɪ ýqfȷ ȶzx qɃýqȠ~ ó qböăf ¨ȵg|v |ȱʼny Ȼ}ȸ¨fÄ £l z÷ £ýzg ¨x ȧ|ȫb £gk¤vv£u©¶ £ q l £gö©£ {
vɐŖx qýȻbl¤l}ȮvɐŖ ¨Ȩuz {£ɪböăf£|¡fbò £u©
d ȷ £q Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |x qȮȻuss }Ɇł}¤wus v zù²uõäl| £s? £ {ȷ£q ¤cĀ vȺōq¤l}gfĂă}vȫŖk£ɪ£} ¤wus £u© Ȯ}sõw}¥uȧ|ȫ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu£ɪböăf q¨vuýx©~Ĝɇ| ¤l}Ⱥ¨ ü¤wus £u©ȿu}bãpªqýzȠ~ ü u ~qòȶz£ȱ{Ȩuz uȻu ¤l| £s? g¨£Ƚ©vɐŖ£u©
¥rvl £ t£ȱ{ ©ɉfȷcþąuývȧu{b |Ĝɀvr bzû
v« £ȵɒ©g¨£Ƚ© ÿ ¤l}£b q£ f£ýȧ{zb£s¢q¶ ¥rb± ©ɉfwf¤l|ȷ bzûȾx¤l} Ƚbx²uõ£ýg u£ɨu fȧ|cbȨuz uȻui¨ȸ z uýdvýȩuȷcþąuȮȾd Ȼu{}ýxz £ɨ£} ȧ|ȫb£gk£ɪýx©~Ĝɇ| x ¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b¤l}ȿu¤gf£ɪböăfȿýȶÃ¥u u ɐɖȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ | ql}ȷb ŏ £tÿ üv«©Ƚ}l} t v£q{ü£} q¨vuýȻɆs£Ⱥ©£s¶ q ɂȧ|{}£e k£wĀfg¨£Ƚ©vɐŖ£u©¶ ȶzb¨pq£ q vȫŖkgɍ ȷ ȧ|£Ȼ©x zùwɏ{u fȧ|včéąu¤wus ȸ¨fÃÃȼō¨f ¤l}Ȼu£} b£ fȨf£} | zȸ¨f ¤wus v zù²uõÃwf d Ȯýx qò ȧ|p¯ ¨Ȩuz {¶ £u©z u¤zuýȩu¤qȮȧ|£ȱ©l | ȩŏ|Ƀf|ȱʼny Ȼ}ȻɁ¨fu f£ ¢z£Ⱥ©£s ¤q£v l £Ȭŏ©¤zu£Ⱥ©Ƀɉgȿu}bãpªýdv ýȩuȶzwþĄ~gɍv¶ wôă{£ɨ~Ĝk ¤wus ȸ¨f ýqȠ~ȻuwĀxÿwɏ{ɀŘfs }¨s ɂ{ £ɨl}ýdvziêȱʼnuv£gçb£s Ƚbx²uõȸ¨f ýxzȸ¨fȻui ul¨p fl}ɆŌv²u y z ɆĚ òȯuz c£ɪböăfýv£s ¨Ȩu¹ u f£ɨl}ziêȱʼnul¥s£s¢qböăfq¨vu ¤l}ȿuȧ|Ƚbx²uõu fɆŌu£v bbzûȧ|s q£ ¢z z|ȱʼny Ȼ} f£dþ ɉ z«f
29
| Āă u fɉ£z|Ĝb u f£ɨl}ýdv ȿi bȸ¨f ¥udpªbzûȧ|gýz ©ȻɁ¨f-£ ¢z wf¤l|¶ ȧ|¤gbȬ{£l zl¨v fȿug¨u uÃÈÂgɍv ¤l}z {gɍv¹ȿuÃÃȼō¨f¶ ¤wus Ç ýqȠ~Ȼu¤gb£ɨ ü|ȱʼny Ȼ}£ ¢z¶ ȧ|¤l}¤wus v zù²uõÃýqȠ~Ȼu ¤gbi u£l z÷ Ȯȧ|vȫŖkx }sõw}¥uȧ|ȫ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu d vȫŖkgɍ £ɪböăf } c qg ©¥ræs Ä ¤c ɇ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÊ |v däɁis q¥r£ɪs ýb fȻŘ|ĝ £wë i u |lîzĚuò ȧ|v|£s £ɪs ýb fȻfbb ¤l}böăf} c q£Ⱥ©£ɂbȻuȿuývɆ u¯ȷ ȸbsfu f ¨£p |v dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©b¨pqýx¨¤lu u f ȿi bdpªbzûȧ| £ ¢z ¤l} ¨ ü ȿi bdpªbzûȧ|ȻɁ¨f£|¢vg¨¤wus ýx¨¤lu£wĀf¹ Ą~£u© ȿi bdpªbzûȧ|ȻɁ¨fȻu£|¢vg¨ȧ|ȫ||v cþąugv| gɁ}£ { ¶ £ɂbȻu v¤uóz£s¢qȷ £ɂbȻuss }¤wus ã ¬| ĝ £l z÷ včéĄu£ɨ ü|lîzĚuò ýb fȧ|v|£s £ ¢z¶ £ɂbȻuvuò£|¢vɁv ¨x včé £ȯœ©¤wus ȸ¨fÃÃȼō¨f ¤l}z {ȼō¨fȿu ÇÂgɍv | zȸ¨f¤wus q¨vuyö¨lf¤|bwf¶ £ɪg fvčçv £ɂbȻuu ɀ{ȷȩq |bɏs b¤wus u z {¹g¨u uÄgɍv £ {z {gɍv£s¢q£wë £ɨɆŌu£v bbzûȧ|s q u z {¹ £ɪs ýb f ăf ¤v¬bɈ¨f ýv£s | Āă u f |lîɉ£z|Ĝb¶ ȿuȧ|i¨ȸ böăfȺzýv£s ¥rȷ ȧ|včéĄu¤wus £ȱ{ɉȮŇt|ȻɁ¨f£u© £v u ɀ{ üg¨£ɨd £tÿ £ȱ{Ⱦd ¤qȿŁf£s £ {ȷýv£s ¥rz uýqȠ~Ȼu£ ö ¨ Ȼu vɐņbȷcþąuȻuss }¤wus £u©ȮwþĄ~ȧ|£ {¶ ȶzx q£ɨ l g¤l}£du f£e k ȮvuòvȺōv£s¢q ȧ|ss }Ɇł}¤l}ýqȠ~£tÿ £ fȶz|£v¢vz {ɀŘfgɍ ɂ d ȶz|{ª |Ĝɀvr|v ¥r¶ v« ¤uò £v sb Ȯz ul g£u©b±£ȱ{ b±gɍ ȵ ȷ ȿuȧ}ª£s ªȮ£ýg u ýȿv üɉȮŇt|£ ¢zȿuývq bzûböăf|{ª£x} z|zü ýv u£v cþąuȿuv¨pfz u{}ýxzu f¤wus £u© ȿuvɐŖtæutæ|ȵz {ýqȠ~£} b £ fȸbsfu f¤wus £u©¶ ɉȮŇt|£ ¢zz uȻuv£čçkývq bzû¤vv£u©£s ȸ¨f£ɪ £x}£Ⱥ© Ȯ£ýg uȭŏ¨vȺōvzb l £gö©£ {ýqȠ~Ȭqsb ȷȻu cg qòss }{b¶ g¨£Ƚ©¤wus v zù²uõà Ƀz uýȩu¤qȮȧ}ª£s ª¥uȧ|včéĄu¤wus £u© u f¤wus l¥s£s¢q£Ⱥ©£s ¤l}vfâ üȿuývq bzûx Ⱦd £ ¢z ýv u£v ývq bzû£u©
30
ȿu¤zu£Ⱥ©¶ v« ¤uò b±ȿuȧ|gfĂă}vȫŖkwf¤l| £ɪ£} ¥wô¥u uþ b¤wus ¤l} qýzȠ~ üȿuývq bzû ýv u£v ɉȮŇt|£ ¢zȿu£ q w}i¨ȸ ȷ¤wus £Ⱥ© z u q¨ȵf ü}sõw}¥uȧ|ȫ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu£s¶ ¤wus £u©
| zȮz {¤wus l¥s£s¢q
l g¤l}Ȼux xp®Ⱥ| gzb£ {
ýqȠ~Ȼuývd}£ɨ ü ȿi b£ ¢z¥udpª
bzûȧ|gýz ©¶ ȿi bȸ¨f£u©Ȭ¨ȻgýqȠ~¤ql f (u fȶz|{ªx b£d£Ⱥ© |ȱʼny Ȼ} £ ¢zýqȠ~¤qȻul f) ȷ¤wus £u©z uɉgq¨ȵf ü ÿ ¹¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼu u z²qȮwþĄ~ȧ| £ȱ{dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©£s £ {£ȱ{£ q £u©x b£dz uɉgýqȠ~Ȼuýg ¨£ȱ{Ɇ| g¨pf£i f¤wus ¤l}ȿu£ȯœ©ȷ lf¤|b-dpªbzûȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu|Ƀf pŊĐg u u f£ ¢z £ {z uɉgȺ¨£ɨl}ȧ| uûqȷ ɃȮȧ| ©ɉfu ~ z sõw}|v dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©£Ⱥ©£s¶ z«Ɏf£s¢q ýv u£v ȿi b¥udpªbzûȧ|£ ¢z uûq £wĀfx £u© £ȸ©v z uȻuvɐņbböăfb¨pq£ q b±£ȱ{ b±ȧ|p¯£u©ɉg£b qȿu x £ýȽ©ȷ ȶzȧ|x qdpªbzûȧ|gýz ©Ȼu£tÿ £ gbò £ýzg¤l}Ȯz }ȱʼnu ýȿv {bzb£tÿ ¤wus £ {£ȱ{Ɇ|ȧ| £ýzg£u© ȿi bdpªbzûȧ|£ ¢zx qȮ Ȼul f| g£ɨ£ {¶ ȿi bdpªbzûȧ|£ ¢z ýqȠ~¤qȻu£e kwf¤l|u ~b¨pq ȿł}¤l} ȿu£ɪýi fȨf£} ¤v«bȨf£hÿf¥u uþ b¤wus ¤l}vȫŖkȷ ȧ|ȫ|£ɪ£} l Ȯb ¤ òfýqȠ~Ȼuývq vqò £ȱ{ u £ u {¯ b Kerler u f ¬ Ċ ¶ £ȱ{Ɇ|¤q öbȸ¨f£Ⱥ© Ȼuȿu~qòȿu£ɪböăf fäývi ¨|v dpªbzûȧ| ¤l}Ȼuývýx qò£ɨȧ}x ¥ræs Ä ¤ctöĄ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÈ l £gö© x b£dýqȠ~¤qȻul fȷ £ɪ£x}£Ⱥ© u £ u {¯ b ¬ Ċ Ȼu ss }vɐņ ü£ɨ£tÿ ȧ|Ƀ ¤~f£ɪ¤v«bȨf£b q¥ui |yö¨lf¤|b ¤l}ýdvlpĎvȸ¨f ýx©~Ĝɇ|wf¤l| £ {b±l f¤l|ȷ ȩqýqȠ~Ȭb£gk£ɪ¥rævȺōv£l z÷ u ~qòȧ|ȫ|£u©¶ öbȸ¨f£Ⱥ©z uȻuu ɀ{ ÿ ȸ¨f
ȸ¨f£ɪ£x}£Ⱥ©u f£ýȧ{¹zb£s¢q£l z÷
£ ö ¨ȷ ¤wus £u©z u¤zuȮ}sõw}¥uȧ|ȫ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu£s ¤wus £u©ȿuȾx z uýq zýqȠ~b±£s¤l|¶
31
ȧ|p¯¤l}ɉȮŇt|£ ¢zȶz|{ª |Ĝɀvr|v cþąuȻuvɐņbȷȻuss } ¤wus ȸ¨f£Ⱥ©u fss }Ɇł}u ~}bãpª¥u¤wus ȸ¨f£Ⱥ© u f ÿ ¤l}¤wus ȸ¨f£Ⱥ© q¨ȵf ü d ýqȠ~ȻuvȫŖkȶz|{ª bzûȾx|v |lîzĚuò ýb fzɇ¥wô ýx© fäȿń ȱz |ġ f böăfȧ|¤rþf ¨p|d pg¨£Ƚ© b dä|lîs qȻɁ¨f£ɪs ýb fȻfbb g¨£Ƚ©¤wus ȸ¨f£u© u f£ ö ¨ ü£ɂb b dä|lîs qwò}ÃÇgɍv£s¢q¥u¤wus u z {¹ £l z÷ včéĄu £ɨ ü y Ȼ}£cqò|v £ ¢zȮ£ýg u£s¢qwf¶ y òăȶfv¤uóz£s¢q
ýqȠ~Ȼu{b£gkx ȧ|x Ⱦbɏȩŏ|v dpbªzûȧ|
ývq Ȭ|Ğb (Commission of Transcription) ȮvuòvȺōv ¤l}Ȼui vývi ¨ȩŏ£ɪs ýb f Ȼfbb £ɪ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂË u fv« Ⱥœu¤c£ýȧ{zb£s¢q¶ £u©d Ȯdpªbzûȧ| gýz ©ȻɁ¨f-£ ¢zz { ¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼuv£fâ q£ f£ȱ{Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |¤l}ȿu£ȩ}v¨pf Ȭv£wò zȧ|ȫ|y z ɆĚ ò|v £ ¢zȮwþĄ~ȧ| ȶz|{ªȧ|včçĄ}ȩŏu ~Ɂ}ȧ|ȫ| ȸ¨f |v dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©ȸ¨fx | ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆu fÃËÂɶ £ȩ}v¨pf ¨Ȩud ýqȠ~v¨¤vþf¤wus ¤l}ȿuýɆv ü£ɨȮsýzf£ ¢~£ɮ¤wus ý }£z }u f£tÿ üȽbü £xgu¯ȻɁ¨f-£ ¢z ¤l}£ýv ýȻ böăf¤wus £Ⱥ© zz }ýq zýqȠ~£ɪböăfȾɆl¥s£s¢q¶ £ɪböăf£x}v¨£xkȧ|ȫ||v dpªbzûȧ|£u© z uȿuȧ|£ ö ¨ȵz {ýqȠ~Ȼu£tÿ £ fȷ ¤wus v zù²uõà ¤cĀvȺōq£u©z uɉgss }{bȻu£Ⱥ©£s¶ ȿuȧ|ȸzȸ|böăfȺz¥rȷ ¤wus ¤l}ss }Ȼux ýb fȻŘ|ĝ £Ⱥ© Ȼu £e k£ȱ{zĚuò q gȶg¤l}z uȿui¨ȺkȨf¤wus ¤qv« £ȵɒ© u fz uȻul f ÿ ȸ¨f ¨x ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ|¶ ȶzx q £ɪböăf|{ª£x}u q ~Ĝt ȸk£ q w}£ȱ{ ȼō}ȿq ȿuȧ|£} b£ fȷ ȩœuu|ȵȿŏb£ɪýv£s £ ¢z£ɪ£x}£Ⱥ©Ȼul f ¨x ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| cÿ}Ȩŕ{ ¨x ýȻɆs£u©£s¶ q ɂȧ|z uɉgss }{bu ~ȧ|i¨ȸ £u©£s ȸ¨f fä£ q ȸ¨f fägɍv¶ ýv u£v ɉȮŇt|£ ¢zx qȮȻuvȫŖk¤wus ȸ¨f£u©l}¤qzĚuò q gȶg £Ⱥ©ɉȮŇt| £ ¢zx qȮȻu£tÿ bzûȾxɀŘfývr {ývȷu£u©£ȱ{cþąu f £ {ȶz|{ª fä £ q £u© ȧ|ȸzȸ||v ¥rz uɉgss }Ȼuu ~ȧ|ȩ¨ýs£} ȭb uò|Ȯq £ {¶
32
v« ¤uò l g¤l}Ȼu£} b£ fȨf£} ýv~qò ¥u£|¡fɁŘ~£u©vȫŖkgɍ ȷ¤wus £u©ýqȠ~ Ȼu£e k£ȱ{v dä}Ȯ£ýg ul gȮ ýx© fäȿń £l ɃŘ~fĀ£ Ȯ|lîzĚuò ȧ|v|£s ýx© fäȿń ȱz |ġ f Ȯ|lîzĚuò zɇ¥wô ȿi b£ ¢z|v dpªbzûȧ|gýz ©s à ȿi b£ ¢z|v dpªbzûȧ|ývq Ȭ|Ğb u fýqȠ~Ȼu uö ȱʼnuwf¤l|ȷ ¤wus v zù²uõãu© ýqȠ~Ȼu£e k£ȱ{ y Ȼ}£cqòc bȨu (Khukhan) Ȯ£cqò|v £ ¢z £ɪȮvu fq¨vuýx©~Ĝɇ|ȾdȨf£i f ¤l}ȩqȮ y Ȼ}£cqòȿŏbböăfg¨£ȵz y Ȼ}£cqòz {g¨u u¤l}ýqȠ~ss }Ȼu¤wus rqgzþfv¤uóz ¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼu£ ö ¨ v¤uóz£ȱ{ýx© fäȿń ȱz |ġ f¶ z uȿuv dä}ȵȿŏbböăfg¨£ȵzv dä}ȸ¨f£u© ȮzĚuò q gȶg£Ⱥ©£s¶ zĚuò ȸ¨f £ ô |¤qȸ¨f Ɇ} ł y z ɆĚ ò£ɪq¨vu£Ⱥ©¶ zĚuò cþ©£s¢qýȻblȮɆł}q¨vulf¤|b¶ ȶz|{ª bɆ|£ɪböăf ¨pɓ¨£|¡fvȫŖk gɍ ȷ ýx© fäȿń ȱz |ġ f ȿug¨ȵvɉ|zûp¯ȼō}cþąuɀŘfȨŔ¨f£} ȧ|ȫ| b¨pqýx¨¤lu£u©u fȿug¨£p©l fýȮ}£ýɞ ¨x ýȻɆsv Ɂp¶ Ƀz uɉg£i¡Ȼu ȸ}¤q£Ɇ©¤l}ȷ y Ȼ}£cqòc bȨu (Khukhan) ¤l}Ȯ£cqòv£fâ q£ fȮv Ȯz {ýx©~Ĝɇ| | ql}ȿul¨£ȵ©ýɆ{£ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ z ul f ¨x qó Ⱦx|v ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ|£Ⱥ©£s¶ £ȸ©Ȯb|p ȵb±£ȱ{ ȧ|i¨ȸ Ȯ}bãpªx £ |v ¥r£u© ýqȠ~Ȼu vl £ tɀŘfgɍ ýb¤ q ȶz|{ª bɆ|z {¤l}¥rcþąu fȻuqzâ} £ {ȶz bɆ|£Ⱥ© ýȻɆs£u©ýqȠ~Ȼu|b£e kȮrû £ɪȭŏ¨ÃÊËË £ȱ{ýx© fäȿń £ ¢z £ȯœ© Ɇuȼ q zl¨£p |£ȱ{zĚuò u f öbz c öbȧ|z }ȱʼnuýv¤ }ÃÇ£ɨ ÄÂȺb ¤l}böăf£Ⱥ©s¨ufȮȿu y Ȼ} u f y Ȼ}|f£cqòc bȨu (Khukhan) wf¤l|¶ l g£u©ɃvȫŖk ü£e kȷ ýȩu¤qböăf|{ª£x}Ëȭŏ¨v« £ȵɒ© z u£x}ɉȮŇt| £ ¢zss }Ȼu¤wus v zù²uõãu© ȿuzĚuò Ȯucù Ȯ£ýg u£ɪýv£s £ ¢zȻu l f ¨x ýx©~Ĝɇ|¶ £} x £u©£s¢q q ɂȧ|{}£e kȷz uȿuz }ȱʼnugɍvg¨£Ƚ©vgç²{ ¤l}cþąuxɎɀzȸk{b£ gbò £ ö ¨£gkx fä£ q ȷ £ɪ£x}£Ⱥ©z uȿuu|ȵ
33
ȿŏb£ɪýv£s ¥r Ȼul f ¨x Ɇ|ª ¨Ȩu¥uýȻɆs cÿ}Ȩŕ{ ¨x ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ|¶ ȶzwþĄ~gɍv ȧ|¤bqýzȠ~ýx¨¤luz uɉgȸzȸ|£ȱ{j|£} z }ȱʼnuȷ q¨vuýx¨¤lu z {¤ývȮȿuɆ|ª ¨Ȩu £ȱ{z uȻul f z u fĀ²{£ɪ£x}v£fâ qýx¨¤lu£Ⱥ© £s¶ * *
*
ȶzȧ||b£e kȮ |¤ Ȼu ül fȷ ɉȮŇt|£ ¢zx qȮȻuss }£ȱ{ ýq zýqȠ~u ~¤wus v zù²uõãu© £ {ȷɉȮŇt|£ ¢zȻuýxzss }{b¤wus £u©¶ v« ¤uò£ɪ£x}£u© Ƚbx²uõ£ɨu fq¨vu¥uýx©~Ĝɇ|¤l} xÿ¥ræȿuȧ|i¨ȸ böăfȺz ýv£s ¥r ȷȿub¨ ¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼuývýx qòȮb¨ ¤l}ɉȮŇt|£ ¢zz uȻul f £ɪ£x}¤l}cþąuýxzss }{b¤wus Ⱥ£x}£Ⱥ©¶ ȶz~Ĝȹu¥ugɍvd ȷ Ⱦd z {z uýqȠ~Ȼu u ɐɖq ü£} b£ f ¨x b¨ ȷ Ȯȹq wĀ¨£l z÷ £tÿ ü£ɨȮ£ȿeªu ~ȧ|{}ýxzȻu£s ýv u£v Ⱦd ¤l}£} b £ f£Ⱥ©Ȼu| zg¨¤pbývýx qòb¨ £ȱ{ |Ĝɀvrcþąu f ɉgv£čçĔ b¨ Ȼu ýv u£v böăfɆŌuȾx¤l}Ⱦd £Ⱥ©ȿu}sõȾxl f ¨x b¨ ¤l}ɉg£b qȿu¶ q ɂȧ|{}£e kȷýȩu¤qd p z÷qòu f zqóȾx|v v dä}¥uȾd ¥r¤l}Ȼu £e k¤wus v zù²uõäqv« £ȵɒ© b±u f£tÿ üȿuȧ|}¨Ȼbg¨£Ƚ©ýv£s ¥r böăfȧ| ©ɉf ¨x b¨ £u©ȵ ȶzwþĄ~gɍv¶
öbȸ¨f £u©ɁvvčçĄ}ȸ¨ f ȿi b¥u
dpªbzûȧ|ýx¨¤lu£u©¤qzòf ¤l}cþąuȿu zqób gç£} ¤wöb£u©¥uýx¨¤lu¶ v« ¤uò £ýɗx £u©q ɂȧ|{}£e kȷ ȿuȧ}ª£s ª£wĀf£s¢qȮ£ýg uȽbx²uõu f¤wus v zù²uõãu© ¤l}£tÿ üȧ| ©ɉf ¨x b¨ £u©}¨Ȼbu fss }{b¶ ȧ|x u qüx g²{z {vȫŖkȷ
¤wus £u©Ȼuȸkȧ|Ȭvɉzûp¯ɀŘf
ý gýɆ}g¨£Ƚ©q¨vuýx©~Ĝɇ| ¤l}ȩœuv dä}Ƚbx²uõ ȩœuv dä}ȵȿŏbȿu Ⱦ|b gçx u qüx g²{¤wus ɉgcbȨuz uȻu£e k ÿ ¤l}ȻuvȫŖk£ɪböăf¤wus
34
Ƚbx²uõu fq¨vu£Ⱥ©£s¶ l g¤l}ýv£s ¥rȻu£} b£ f ýv u£v | v ȵ˴u y z ɆĚ ò¥us b¤uþf£Ⱥ© wò}}bãpªgɍ ɂ g¨£Ƚ©u|ȵb±£ȱ{¤l}ȹŔv£ɨ l}s £Ⱥ© x qȮ£e kȷ¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs býqȠ~£l |ȶzv£ȵɑ{¤cĀg¨£ȵqrû (ýv u £v ȧ|p¯£u©x q¤zu£Ⱥ© fä£ q £u©x qȮȿuɀŘfgɍ ȵ £ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÂÊ) l £gö© ¤wus £u©ȻuvȫŖk ü£e kgɍ ȷ ¤cĀvȺōq|v ¤wus v zù²uõÃz uȻu £l |£ɨȶz¤cĀg¨£ȵqrû£s£ɪböăfq¨vu£Ⱥ© £ȱ{£ q ȷ¤cĀvȺōq£u©ýqȠ~Ȼud ü£ɪȭŃ{£ɨȨf£i fx{¥uyö¨ýx©~Ĝɇ|ȸ¨fz }¶ ȩœuu|ȵȿŏb¤l}£z }¤wus £u© £ {{}ýg ¨ ¨x ¤wus £u©£Ⱥ©£s¶ £} x £u©£ɨ£s¢q ¤wus £u©Ȼub¨pqɀŘfgɍ u ~s ȶ¨fýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| ó qböăfs bl bzùăȮ £ȱ{£ýv | v ɐɖ¤l}ɇbl gȮȧ|vȫŖku ~vþfýqȡ ¹¥us ȶ¨f ýȻɆsu fȧ¨i£pĎ |¤l}q¨ȵf üýȻɆs£u©¶ l £gö© Ƀɇb l gȮȿux²q®ȿuýdvýȩu£ { £ɪböăf¤wus v zù²uõà £l z÷ ȧqzuô } fĀ²{ g¨£Ƚ© öb¤l}ȿuȾ|b gçýqȠ~x u qüx g²{¤wus £u© g¨£Ƚ© u|ȵb±£ȱ{¤l}Ȼud qȷ ¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b£ɪq¨vuýx©~Ĝɇ|d |¤q£l |ȶz¤cĀ g¨£ȵqrû¶ x £u©£ɨ£s¢q l g¤l}ȻugfĂă}vȫŖk| gzb£ { |ȱʼny Ȼ}£ ¢z Ȼul f ýqȠ~Ȼu uûqȷȻul fȶz|{ª ȿi b£ ¢z¥udpªbzûȧ|gýz © ȷ¤wus v zù²uõÃz u¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼu u z²qȮwþĄ~ȧ|£ȱ{dpªbzûȧ|£u©£s¶ ɉȮŇt|£ ¢z Ȼul f| g£ {ȷ ¤wus £u©d Ȯ}sõw}ȧ|ȫ||v zĚuò Ȳu£}ȨɆĚ òȻɁ¨f ¤l}ɉȮŇ t |£ ¢zcþą u fȻuwò } i¨ £u¡s b g qò ü£tÿ ȧ |ȫ|w} q ¤wus ȸ¨ f £u©¶ ɉȮŇt|£ ¢zȻuýxzss }{b¤wus £u©£ȱ{z uȻu£tÿ ȧ|ýɆ~ýȮ~ bɁiüȵ z { l g£u©£ { Ą~£u© ɉȮŇt|£ ¢zz uɉg ©ɉf ¨x b¨ £l z÷ } v£Ȭ} u ~ȧ|{}ýxzx qýȻbl|v x b£d£Ⱥ©Ȼu£s¶ £ q l £gö©£ { q ɂȧ| uö ȱʼnu ȷ ȧ|£} b£ f ¨x b¨ z uɉg{bȮȧ|Ȼu£s¶ Ą~q ɂȧ|u fx Ȭ|ȵ£} ýx qò ȧ|p¯ȺȺ£ýȧ{l¨ȵbȧ}ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ -ÃËÂ˶
35
x z uzb ɉȮŇt|£ ¢zz uȻu£} b ¨pɕ|ȵz { ¨x ¤wus v zù²uõà |Ƀfcþąu fu fȻɁ¨f bzùăȮ vl £ t¤wus £u©Ȯg¨ £Ⱥ©£s | ql}ȧ|g|Ȭȭŏ¨ ÃËÇÊ £ɪs ýb fȻfbb £s vɉȮŇt|£ ¢z£} b{bvɐŖ¤wus v zù²uõÃzbu ɀ{ u fvl £ t¤wus £u©Ȯg¨ £ɪböăfȧ|x Ⱦbɏ|Ƀf¥ru fbzùăȮ ¨x vɐŖýȻɆs ýx©~Ĝɇ|böăfg¨£ȵzvɐŖ£wĀf£s¢q¶ x ¨ȿuvɐŖȵz {ýqȠ~Ȼu£} b£ f z÷ ¤q £ýȧ{ȭŏ¨ÃËÅÆ-ÃËÅÇ £ɪ£x}¤l}¥r£tÿ ȧ|Ƀ ¤~f£ȱ{cþąu f£ɪböăfq¨vu£u© £ {ȶzs Āuª|v ¥r ȧ|Ƀ ¤~f£u©vȫŖkȷȿuȾxc ȩŏ|Ƀf¤cĀvȺōq£ɪ £} ¤wus u f¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs bx qýȻbl ¤l}Ⱦxc ȩŏz {Ⱥ¨£ɨl}ȧ|ȱbýȻɆs ýx©~Ĝɇ|böăfs bl bzùăȮ¶ £ýȧ{ȧ}v|Ĝ£gès£u©zb £ȸ©v ¥r£x}cþ©Ȼuw} q ¤wus z {g¨u u£ȱ{cþąu f¤l}vȫŖkȷ ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| ó qböăfs bl ¥rb±£ȱ{ b±¥r£ɪ¤qvuò£ýv ýȻ ȸ¨f ýȿv£ȩ}v¨pfwþĄ~ȧ|u fɆȹ|pªu ~¤wus v zù²uõ à ¤wus l¥s£s¢q¤l}ȻuvȫŖkȷ ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| ó q£ɪböăfs bl bzùăȮ£ȱ{ z uȻu£} b£ fu ~ ¨pɕ|ȵz { ¨x vɐŖ£u©£s (ȧ|xuü}|v ¥r ¨x vɐŖ£u© u fýqȠ~{bzbx Ȭ|ȵȺ£x}£ýȧ{)¶ £} x £u©£s¢q q ɂȧ|ȿuȧ|}¨Ȼb u f£z }|Ġ}fu ~£ q ȧ|p¯¤l}ȷ Ȯ ȸ |p¯ £ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÅÉ £ýȧ{x ȧ| Ƀ ¤~f£ȱ{¥rcþąu f£ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÅÆ-ÃËÅÇ £ {¤l}£ɪȭŏ¨l¤l}£Ⱥ©ȿuȧ| g © uõ ɐɖȮz {ȻɁ¨f ¤l}böăf£Ⱥ©ȿuȧ| ©ɉf£ f~Ĝku ~ýx¨¤lu| z¤l}Ȼu b¨pq| g£ {
däȺ{bȱʼnuy z ɆĚ òy z uô£ ¢zȻuw} q¤wus z {vȫŖkȷ
ýx©~Ĝɇ| ó q£ɪböăfs bl bzùăȮ¶ ¥rȿu ȧ Ȯ£ýg ulf £l z÷ £} b£ f ¨x vɐŖ¤wus v zù²uõÃȮz { ɉȮŇt|ȻɁ¨f¶ Ȯvmz ȿuȧ|g|Ȭ£} uõ ɐɖȭŏ¨ÃËÄÇu fÃËÅÉ ò x z qȾ ò x Ƚp iébzûu fȺɃg|p¯|ɃfȻɁ¨fböăfȺz pŊĐg uu f£ ¢z¶ £v s bȮ uõ ɐɖ ȸ¨f£u©Ȼu¤gf ¨x u q ~Ĝt s £ɨ ýȿv£ £|ĝ£ f~Ĝk i¨u b gçýxz£ýx¢fz u¹ b± uõ ɐɖȸ¨f£u©z uɁvvčçĄ}ýx¨¤lu ¤l}ȿuýɆvböăfu q ~Ĝt ¤l| £ȱ{£ q ȷ ýx¨¤lu£u©ýqȠ~Ȼub¨pqȶzl¨£ȵ©ýɆ{ýx¨¤lu£ɪȭŏ¨ÃÊËÅ ÃËÂÆ u fÃËÂÉ | g£ {¶ £ q l £gö©£ { u fȶzvsv÷čìqò Ȯb¤ òfz {g¨u u£s¢q Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |
36
Ȼuqzâ}s bȮȻuȧ|g¨£Ƚ©ýx¨¤lu¤l}ȿuýɆv £ȸ©v ýx¨¤lu£Ⱥ©ɀŘfȵb± £ȱ{¶ ȸ¨f£u©d Ȯ ȧ ¤l}ȶztzûȶ¥rd |¤qȻu£} bvɐŖ£u© ýv u£v cþąu {}£e kȷ¤wus £u©gfĂă}vȫŖkýx¨¤lu£ɪýqfýx©~Ĝɇ|z uýq zýqȠ~ (Ȯx £ ȸbsfu fȧ|g|Ȭ uõ ɐɖȭŏ¨ÃËÅÉ
¤l}£tÿ £ f¤qÄȭŏ¨v« £ȵɒ©vȺōvx ȧ|
Ƀ ¤~f£ȱ{¥rcþąu f£} q¨vuýx¨¤lu£u© ¤l}ȻuvȫŖk ü£e kȶzȧ|{} £e k|v ¥rȷ ȿuȾxc ȩŏɀŘfȨŔ¨f|Ƀf¤cĀvȺōq£} ¤wus u f¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b £ɪýqfýx©~Ĝɇ|) ¤l}böăf ȧ ȸ¨f£Ⱥ©¥rd |¤qȻu u fýqȠ~¤q£} bvɐŖ£u©£ f ýv u£v ¥r£i¡Ȯbȷl £Ȭŏ©¤zu¶ Ȯb¤ òf ¥rz uýq z¤qz uȻu£} b£ fv« £ȵɒ© £s v« ¤uò¤rzȸ¨fw} q¤wus z {£ȱ{cþąu f£ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÅÉ ¤l}vȫŖkȷ ýx©~Ĝɇ| ó q£ɪböăfs bl bzùăȮ£s¢qwf¶ £ȸ©Ȯ¤wus £u© £tÿ £ fböăfv¨pf{bzb£ýv ýȻ ýȿv£ȩ}£ɡ¥wôböăf£ɀȹb±£ȱ{ v« ¤uòɃz uȻu£tÿ üq ɂȧ|{}£e kȷ Ƀz u ȿuq¥zþȮy òăȶf£sböăfs Āuª|v ýv£s ¥r£Ⱥ©¶ £dɉg£tÿ ȧ| uö ȱʼnuȷ Ȯx £ £ɪböăfȧ}ª£s ªȭŏ¨ÃËÅÉ ¥rȻu £ɪ¤qȻuýxzss }{b¤wus ¥u v zù²uõà u f¤cĀvȺōq¤l}¤wus £u©ȻugfĂă}vȫŖk £ȸ©v ¥r{}ȷ Ƀz uýq z ýqȠ~ u f£ȸ©v £ýȧ{£x}cþąuȻu£tÿ ȧ|Ƀ ¤~f£ȱ{cþąu f£ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÅÆ-ÃËÅÇ b±£ȱ{ ¥rȻud qȷcþąuȻul fȷ ¤wus £u©z uýq zýqȠ~¶ £ɪ£x}¤l}¥rȻug }ȧuȧvȮv£ȵɑ©ɉ uö¤wöbz {g¨u u¥uýv£s bzùăȮ | zȸ¨fýx©~Ĝɇ|£ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÆà ýb fx²q®ȿu¥rȻu£Ȼ©x zùwɏ{Ɇŏ¥lz { ȿug¨pf£i fȷ ¥rböăf£x}Ɇŋ|ýv£s Ȯq £ f~Ĝk ¤l}böăf£Ⱥ©Ȼuu ɀ{ Ƚbx²uõl}ýx©~Ĝɇ|ȷ Ą~ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ|ýqȠ~Ȼuýv£s ¥r{bzb~Ĝk£ {¶ g¨pɓgȨf£} £u© ýqȠ~Ȼu¥rvbýɆ{ȷȮb¨ |v zĚuò q gȶgȿŏb¶ z«Ɏf£s¢q ȾɆý £l¢fȩŏ£u© ¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼu£ýv ýȻ £ȱ{q¨ȵf|v ¥r£ɪböăfȧ|g|Ȭs b l |ɃfbzùăȮu f¥r £ɪs ýb fȻfbb £ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÇÊ vȫŖkȷ¥r£s v¤qȻug }ȧu ȧvýx©~Ĝɇ|böăfýv¤ }ȭŏ¨ÃËÆÂv« £ȵɒ©¶
37
vȺōvx Ěȫłz| g ȶz|{ªb gçýxz£ýx¢fl¨£ȵ©ýɆ{¤c~Ĝgè ȧ ȭŏ¨ÃËÆÈ Ȯz {ȻɁ¨f ¥rȻuss }{bu ~ȧ|ýq v£ɨ|bɆŌuȾx£l z (status quo ante) l gz uȭŏ¨ÃËÆÃ~Ĝk¶ ¥r ©ɉfȷȧ|~Ĝ}ýq v£ɨ|bɆŌuȾx£l z£u© (status quo) z uv«©Ƚ}l}q¨vuýx©~Ĝɇ|£s £ȱ{Ɇ|¥rȻuȿu t v£q{ü£} q¨vu£u©ȶ¨fx z u Ěȫłz£z«þ©¶ q ɂȧ|z uȬ¨Ȼgx Ⱦbɏ£} ȧ| ©ɉf£u©£s x £ýȽ©vɐŖ¤l}ȷ £q ¥rȿu x ¨ȿu t v£q{ü£Ⱥ© d ȮvɐŖgɍ ɂ £ɪböăfu q ~Ĝt £u©£ {¶ vȺōv x ýx qò ȧ|p¯ Ěȫłz| gzb g¨pɓg ¨Ȩu£Ⱥ©d ȷ ȻɁ¨fýxz£ýx¢fv£fâq dpªbzûȧ| ýz © ýzȡ}ȻɁ¨f-£ ¢z ¤l}| zȿuq¨ȵfx || vzbx Ⱦd u z {¹u f ȿi b xɎýb qv | v ¤l}ȿuȾ|b gçȮx £ x u qüu fwò} u Ɇ u¯£ȱ{j|£} z } ȱʼnu ztz®g¨£Ƚ©Ɂ}vpĎ f ¨£p ¨£ £|ĝ£ f~Ĝk
¤l}¥rɉgȿuv¨pfu f
£ ö £ f ¨x ȧ|£ȱ©ýɆ{ýx¨¤luȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆu fÃËÂÉ böăfg¨£ȵzvɐŖl¥s£s¢q¶ dpªbzûȧ|£u©Ȼui vývi ¨ȩŏ£ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÆÉ £ɪs ýb fɃŘ u£ȶu £ {£ɪs £Ⱥ© £ { ¤l}Ȯ ȧ l±ýv£ | ýȿv¥rȸzȸ| ü£tÿ ȧ|¤bqýzȠ~ýx¨¤lu£ɪq¨vuýx© ~Ĝɇ|£ȱ{j|£} z }ȱʼnuȷ ȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu£u©ȿub¨ tæutæ|¤l}ɉgȺ¨ ü ¥rvl £ tȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu£u© ýv u £v cþąuȻul f ¨x b¨ £u©£ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÂÊÃËÂË ¤zu£Ⱥ©¶ ȶzx q £v s bȮ¥rȻuvò fȮ£ýg ulf ¨x ¤cĀýx¨¤lu£ɪböăfq¨vu Ȯ£ýg ub±£ȱ{ b±¥rz uȻuvò fȸ}¤q£Ɇ© ¨x q¨vuýx©~Ĝɇ|¶ z uýq z¤qv« £ȵɒ© £ɪ¥ræs ÃÄ ¤c Ⱦ ȭŏ¨ÃËÆÉ ¥r¤rzȸ¨fȻuȱbi u£ɨdpªbzûȧ|u ~¤wus z {¤l}vȫŖkȷýx©~Ĝɇ| ó q£ɪböăfýv£s bzùăȮ£s¢qwf¶ ¥r ©ɉfȷ ȧ|p¯ £u©z uȿuw}v«©Ƚ}Ȯ ~Ĝiéȿug¨£Ƚ©ȧ|ȸzȸ| sõ £} ýȻɆs£s x £ýȽ©q¨vu ýȻɆsz u¤zuȮbzû~qóă¥uȧ|x Ⱦbɏ|v dpªbzûȧ|£u©£s d q¨vu£wĀf£s¤l} Ȯbzû~qóă¥uȧ|x Ⱦbɏ£u©
£ {d ¤wus ¤l}ȸbsfu fq¨vuȸ¨f£Ⱥ©£s¤l}ýqȠ~
Ȼu{bzb£ýv ýȻ ¶ v« ¤uò fä£ q vȫŖkgɍ ɂ ȷ ¥rȻu£} bvɐŖl¥s £s¢qȮ£ýg u v« ¤uòz uȻu£} b ¨x vɐŖýx©~Ĝɇ|¤l}qýzȠ~ üȿuȧ|xuü}£s¶ £ȱ{z ud q ¨x vɐŖ£wĀf£s¢q £ɀfȶz£ q ȧ|p¯¤l}£b q£ fz {g¨u u£ɪ z }ȱʼnuȸbsfu fýȻɆs£u© ¥rȻul fɀŘfgɍ £ɪ£x}£Ⱥ©ȷ ȻɁ¨fȻu
38
Ȭqs bȷ ýx©~Ĝɇ| ó q£ɪböăfs bl bzùăȮ l g¤l}ȻuvȫŖkböăf¤wus d £ȱ{ ɉȮŇt|ȻɁ¨f u fȻuvčéĄu ü|ȱʼny Ȼ}£ ¢z£ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÂÊ £v s bȮȧ|p¯£u©z u Ȼuvɐņbgɍ £gkx ¤cĀýx¨¤lubò ¶ Ȯrû zòf£s¢q ȧ| uö ȱʼnuȮtzûȶ ¨x ȧ|cb Ȩu|v ¥rböf ă ȧ|£} b£ f ¨x ýx©~Ĝɇ|£ɪböăf ȧ £Ⱥ© d ȷcþąuz uȻuqɃŘl £Ȭŏ© x £ýȽ©cþąuȻuýxzss }{b¤cĀýx¨¤luýqfg¨pɓg£u© l g¤l}Ȼud £ɪ£} ¤wus £ȱ{z ud qȷ¤cĀýx¨¤lu£u©£l | z u£l |ȶz¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b£s¶ g¨£Ƚ©ȧ|£ýv ýȻ ¤wus ¤l}vȫŖkȷýx©~Ĝɇ| ó qböăfýv£s bzùăȮ ¥r |bɏi¨ |ȷ £u©Ȯ£ q w}¤wöb¤wus sõɆt £ {b±ȩœu¤wus l¥s£s¢q£s b± z uȿu¤wus ¤l}ȫ{ý }£ýv z uȿu¤wus ȵ¤l}ȿuȿýqȱʼnuýq zýqȠ~böăf £x}£Ⱥ©£ {¶ q ɂȧ|{}£e kȷȧ|xuü}£u©z uɉg£i¡Ȼu£s¶ Ȯz { u fȧ|vuò£ýv ýȻ ¤wus £u© ¥rd |¤qȻu£tÿ ȧ||bɏ sõ výz fȮz {ȻɁ¨fg¨£Ƚ©Ⱦx ýq zýqȠ~|v ¤wus £u©¶ v« ¤uò¥rz uȻu£tÿ l £gö©£s¶ g¨£Ƚ©ȧ|cbȨu|v ¥r z÷ ¤q£} b£ f ¨x vɐŖ¤wus £u©| ql} ȭŏ¨ÃËÇÊ£Ⱥ© ¥r ©ɉfȷ £ȱ{Ɇ|cþąuȻuȧuȧvýx©~Ĝɇ|£ɪýdv z²{ȧ} ¨Ȩu¹ȸ¨f £ q l £gö©£ {£s v¥rz uȬ¨Ȼg£} bvɐŖ£u©£s¶ ¥rȻuȧ|Ƚ| s£fÿ |v cþąu£ȱ{¤wĂb£} bzûȾxȮb¤ òf£ɪz }ȱʼnuȮy òȶ ă f ȷcþąuz u¤l} ýxzss }{b¤cĀvȺōq v zù²uõãɪ ýx©~Ĝɇ|ȸ}¤q£Ɇ© £ { ©ɉfȷ£v cþąu z u¤l}Ȼuýxzss }{b¤cĀvȺōq£Ⱥ©wf gɍ ȵ cþąuz uȬ¨Ȼgvl £ t¤cĀ vȺōq£Ⱥ©£s l £gö©£ {£dx ¨ɉg£tÿ £ gbò uö ȱʼnuȮ ~Ĝiéȿuȵz {£gkx ȧ| cbȨu|v cþąuböăfȧ|£tÿ l £Ȭŏ©£s¶ q¥zþ¥uȧ|xuü}£u© ýqȠ~¤qɉý ²{ɀŘfx q ýȻbl£ɨ£} g¨pɓg¤l}ýqȠ~l fȷ £q |Ĝɀvr£ɪ£} l Ȯb¤ òf|v ¥r ɉgwò} Ȯy òăȶfýdvýȩuȮývq bzû (ex post facto) £l z÷ vȫŖkȷ cþąuz u¤l}ýxz ss }{b¤cĀýx¨¤lu|v v zùuõ²Ã £ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÂÊ ȸbsfu fýx©~Ĝɇ| u fȬqs b cþąu fȷȿu t v£q{ü£} q¨vuýȻɆs£u©ýdv z²{ȧ} ¨Ȩu¹ȸ¨f Ȼu ¤l| £s¶
39
* *
*
q ɂȧ|Ȼux Ȭ|ȵy òăȶfwò}£ȱ{¥r ȶz|{ª bzûȾx|lîȻ}|v zĚuò cþąu£ɪq¨vuýx©~Ĝɇ| Ƚbx²uõu fýx©~Ĝɇ|¶ ȻɁ¨f £ {£ýȧ{zbbzùăȮȶz Ȳuª|v cþąu¤l}ȿu¤gf£ɪböăf u ɐɖÃËÂÆ Ȼu£tÿ ¤q bzûȾx|lîȻ}ȶz sȿŔvvuò gvuòg ą ¤qv« £ȵɒ©£ɪböăfq¨vuȱgý ɀ}q gz {£u©¶ ¥rȻuss }Ɇł} ɀŘfgɍ ɂ £ɪböăf£x}£tÿ ~Ⱥȧ|ȼō}ȿqȷ £v bzùăȮss }Ȼu t v£q{ü £} q¨vuýȻɆs£u©ȶzɆœ|q ¥ul¨£ȵ©ýɆ{ýx¨¤luȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ
£ {£ýȧ{zb
bzùăȮb±z uȻu£Ȼ©vf£Ȭ} t v£q{ü£u©£s g¨¤pb ýv£s ¥rz u¤l}Ȼuss } t v£q{ü£u©ȶz|{ªɉȮŇ{ ȧ}}sõbzû£u©£s¶ l £gö© bzûȾxȮb¤ òf|v ¥rýqȠ~Ȼu£} b£ fȮy òăȶf¥u bzûȾx Ȯ ¨ȵgýdvýdf¤l}ȿu}bãpª ýdvýȩu £l z÷ vl £ tg¨£Ƚ©ȧ|£} b£ f¤l}ȷ ȶzl¨£ȵ©ýɆ{ u ɐɖ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ ¥rȻuýxzss }{bȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu¤l}ȿuɉu Ⱦxwò} t v£q{ü £} ýx©~Ĝɇ|£ɨ übzùăȮ¶ l £gö©ȶzs Āuª£u© q ɂȧ|ýqȠ~¤qx Ȭ|ȵu fɃ{q¥zþ £} bzûȾxȸ¨f£u©¶ vɐŖx qýȻbld ȷ £q bzûȾxȸ¨f £u©ýdvýȩu£l z÷ } v£Ȭ} s bȮ£ȿeª¤l| £s u ~ȧ|vȫŖkhuôªɀŘfgɍ ¨x ȧ|ýxzss } {b ¤cĀýx¨ ¤lu£ɪýx©~Ĝ ɇ |
¤l}Ȯ}sõ w }¥uȧ|x Ȭ |ȵ¤l}Ȼux ȾbɏȨf£}
| g£ {£Ⱥ©¶ bzûȾx¤l}Ƚbx²uõ d sõ¤qȮ bzûȾx|v ɉȮŇt|z }ȱʼnuu fȷŏb £cqò¤qv« £ȵɒ© £} b¤}f¤qb|p ¨Ȩu¹z { x |¤l}ýqȠ~£} b£ fȺ£x}£u©¶ £ɪböăfbýz q¤l} bzûȾxȸ¨f£u©Ȼu£b q£ f £dz ugɍ £sȷ bzûȾxȸ¨f £u© ȿuȧ|Ƚbx²uõu fb¨x }yö¨ýx©~Ĝɇ|u fq¨vuýȻɆsȼō}ȮȮfȽbx²uõu fb¤uþf ¤b÷|¹q¨vu£Ⱥ©¶ v« ¤uò£ȸ©ȮɀŘfb±£ȱ{ q ɂȧ|x Ȼbu fȬqs bȷ bzûȾx ȷŏbz }ȱʼnu¤vv£u© Ȯȧ|£tÿ £ȿebzûu fi¨ȸ u ~i¨ | gȫŕbu fz u¤ývývȡ } |v ɉȮŇt|£ ¢zȷŏbbȵɑ}£u© ȸbsfu f¤cĀýx¨¤lul gȿud böăf¤wus ¶
40
ȸbsf£ɨu f£|¡f£u© ýx qò ȧ|p¯l± ¨Ȩuv¨w q£Ⱥ©d ȧ|£tÿ s Āub gç£ɨ ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ|böăfȭŏ¨ÃËÅ £ȱ{ýx© fäȿń ȱz |ġ f q q|lîzĚuò zɇ¥wô £ { £ɪ£x}£Ⱥ©Ȯývȹu~ĜsɎɆŌuy z uô£ ¢zss }vuôăbȧ|ȫ|ȸbsfu fvȵɒ}²{ Ȯq u fv iu {ȱʼnuv Ɂp~qóă~ĜsɎ¶ s Āub gç£u© d Ȯ¤wöbz {¥ul¨£p |s Āub gç v Ɂp~qóă~ĜsɎ|v ýx© fäȿń £ȱ{ȿuȧ| u ɐɖqx ýx©zɇbĀýq£ ¢z u fl¨£p | s Āub gç£u©ȿu}bãpª£ ô |¤qwþĄ~ȧ|ɀŘfgɍ ¶ £ɪ£x}ýx© fäȿń £ɨl} ýx©~Ĝɇ| ýx© fäȿń ýqȠ~Ȼuss }ȮwþĄ~ȧ|£ȱ{ öbq¨ȵfȻɁ¨f ¤l}ývȬ¨£ɪ £cqò|v bzùăȮböăfȺz öbq¨ȵfȮucù ȻɁ¨f|v cþąu £ȱ{ȿuvfāĄqsfȮq ȻɁ¨f£s¢qwf¶ ýx© fäȿń ýv¤ }Ȯz us¨ufȮz u{}u ~ qóu²{¥uȧ|ss } ¤vv£u©£Ⱥ©£s¶ £dýv¤ }Ȯu fx Ȼb|b ¨p© ¨ȵfvɐņbx bzû sõ |v Ⱦd pŊĐg uȻɁ¨f ügɍ Ȯf£u©ȵ ¶ ȧ|p¯£u© ȸzȸ| üȿuývq bzû ¤q¥rz u ȿuývq bzû ÿ £Ɇ©¶ £} x £u©£s¢q £ɪ£x}ýx© fäȿń ȱz |ġ f ýq v£ɨ Ȼfbb~Ĝk Ȼu£wë | vrqz {g¨u u¥u ȧ £Ⱥ©i u öbq¨ȵfȻɁ¨f£s¢qwf ýx© fä Ȼu£ýv ȾɆ¤l}ɇbl gȮss }Ɇł}ȷ ȶz|{ª öbq¨ȵf|v cþąu ȻɁ¨fȻu £l |q Ⱥs Ȯýv£s ȿń wô©¶ £ gbò xuü}ȸbsfu fl¨£p |s Āub g|ç v ýx© fäȿ ń ȱz |ġ f böăfȺz ýv£s ¥r z uɉg üq ɂȧ|£i¡ȮbȻu£s¶ £ȱ{x u qü£z }£ q ȧ|p¯ȸ¨fz } £e kȷ ȿuȧ|ss }Ɇł}£ȱ{q pȾ Ŗ x|v £ ¢z g¨£Ƚ© t v£q{ü|v bzùȮ ă (£ýȧzɉȵxɎȻ}ȻɁ¨f) £} ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| £ {ȶz|{ªȧ|cbȨu|v £ ¢zz uȻuv£ɐńkývq bzûȶzz£tɎȻ{ȵz { £ɪböăfȧ}ª£s ª¤l}ȸzȸ| üȿuývq bzû£l z÷ vɐņb ȧ|Ƚ|bzû sõ Ȯȿń £ɪg¨£Ƚ©z c¥uȧ|ȸzȸ|qv £ȱ{Ȯb¤ òf£Ⱥ©¶ ÿ ¤l}ɇbl gȮgɍ ɂ £Ⱥ©d ȷȧ|x q£ ¢zz uýȻbl cþąu fȷcþąuȿubzû sõ £Ⱥ©£s -£ {£u©d ý vȩŏȸ¨fý f£ɨu f |Ĝɀvr|v £ ¢zȶ¨fx £l zzb u f£ýȧ{zb£s¢qg¨£Ƚ©¤wus u f¤cĀvȺōq v zù²uõà - b±Ȼu £ýzgȷ z u ©ɉfu ~bzû sõ |v cþąu£s ¤l}Ȯrû zf ò £s¢q£u©ȿuu²{ȷ cþąuȻu
41
ýxzss }{bȧ|ȸzȸ||v ȻɁ¨f Ȼuýxzss }{býx¨¤lu£ɪýx©~Ĝɇ| l g¤l} Ȼud £ɪböăf¤wus £Ⱥ©£ {¶ * *
*
fä£ q Ƚbx²uõȸ¨fɈ{¤l}£ɪ£ }
ýqȠ~¤q£} b{bzbu ɀ{
Ⱥ£x}£u©¶ £ɪ¤cb zúª ȭŏ¨ÃËÆË z u{ |v« ȺœuvȺōvx Ȼuvčçvu q ~Ĝt ¥udpª bzûȧ| ýz © ýzȡ}ȻɁ¨f-£ ¢z ¤l}£ɪböăf|{ª£x}l¨£p |ȧ|dpªbzûȧ|£Ⱥ© Ȯb¤ òf¥rz uȻu£} bvɐŖýx©~Ĝɇ|£s ȻɁ¨fȻu£wë b¨pqs qz {i u|ȱʼny Ȼ} ¥r £ȱ{vɐņbȷcþąuȻuss }|Ȼ{ȧ|p¯ ò x ȧ|ȶ¨f£ɪ¥uȭœ¨£ ¢zg¨u u Æ Ⱥb £ɪýȻɆs£u© u f£ ö ¨ üwò}x²q®ȿu ¶ x ¨ȿuȧ|£hþ {qvg¨£Ƚ©b¨pqsq £u©£s £ {b±z uȿuȧ|£hþ {qv£ɨu fb¨pqs qz {£ýȧ{zb£s¢q £ɪ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÆË ¤l|¶ £ɪ¤c Ⱦ ȭŏ¨ÃËÆË ȻɁ¨fȻu£wë b¨pqs qz {£s¢qcþ v« ¤uòȿuu²{ɀŘf gɍ ¨x z }£ q ¤l}ȻɁ¨fȬqs bȷ ýx©~Ĝɇ| ó qböăfýv£s bzùăȮ u fgfĂă} vȫŖkȷ¤wus ¤l}w} q£ȱ{¥rcþąu fb±Ȼuss }Ɇł}£ q ȧ|p¯£u©¶ ȻɁ¨f Ȼu£ ö ¨ ülbȭœ¨ȸ¨f£Ⱥ©£gk¶ £v s bȮȿub¨ £ɪböăfb¨pqs q£u©bò cþ zɆ| ¥ub¨pqs q£Ⱥ©d ȷ ȿuȧ| ©ɉfvɐņb¤l}z uɉgýv¤bbȻu ¨x t v£q{ü¶ b¨pqs q|v ȻɁ¨f£u© b±x ¨ss }Ȼuȧ|£hþ {qv¤l|¶ £ɪ¤cbbâȱ ȭŏ¨ÃËÇ ȻɁ¨f Ȼu£wë b¨pqs qz {v¤uóz£s¢q¶ b¨pqs q£u© b±£ɪ¤qx ¨ss }Ȼuȧ|£hþ {qv¤l|¶ £ɪböăfȧ}ª£s ªȸ¨f£u© £ɪ£x}ss }Ȼu bɁiüȭŏ¨ÃËÇÅ bzùăȮȻu £ ö včéĄuȭœ¨ öbɀzböăfȺzcþąu f£ɨȧuýȻɆs£u© £l z÷ Ȯȧ|vɐņb ȧ| |bɏi¨ ||v cþąu¶ v« ¤uò£ȱ{£e kȷ ȭœ¨¥rȿu~qòȿu£ɪs £Ⱥ©| g£ { ȭœ¨bzùăȮ b± Ȼ ulbzb~Ĝ k £ { bzùăȮ b± Ȼ u£wë b¨ p q s q z { g © ¤czbɁ ȭŏ¨ à ËÇÆ £ɨ |ȱʼny Ȼ}¥r£ ö ¨x²q®ȿu¶ b¨pqs q£u©ýȩu¤qss }Ȼuȧ|vɐņbȷȻuss } v« £ȵɒ© £ȱ{ȩœu£ gbò xuü} ÿ £ {¶ z÷ ¤qzbl}£x}£u©bò b±x ¨ȿuȧ| ©ɉfȮwþĄ~ȧ|ȵz { ¨x ȧ|ȸzȸ||v ¥r¤l|¶ £ɪg f¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÇÆ £ȱ{
42
{}£e kȷ ȩœuȧ|£hþ {qvȮl ¨b¨y ug¨£Ƚ©b¨pqs q|v cþąux z u |ȱʼny Ȼ} bzùăȮȻui ul¨p f£ɨ|ȱʼny Ȼ}¥rȷ
£ɪ£x}£u©bzùăȮ£ ö ¨ȱbbfs²xbzùăȮ
z {g¨u ui¨u ȭœ¨ öb¤r|bɏ|v bzùȮ ă ¤l}Ȼulb£gkx z uzb¶ £ɪböăfb¨pq s q£u© bzùăȮȻuu ɀ{£ɀfȮx £ £ɨ£} ȧ| ¨ɉf£ q w}¥uȧ|ȸzȸ| |v bzùăȮ¤l}ȿu£ɪböăfb¨pqs q|v ȻɁ¨f ¤c Ⱦ ȭŏ¨ÃËÆ˶ b¨pqs q |v bzùăȮ£u©b±z uȻuss }ȧ|£hþ {qv¤l|¶ £ȸ©ȮɀŘfȵb±£ȱ{ bzùăȮz u ȻuvčéĄuȸɇu£ɨs £Ⱥ©£s £ {£ɪ¤cz r Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÇÆ bzùăȮȻu£wë b¨pqs q v¤uóz£s¢q£ɨýv£s ¥r £ȱ{vɐņbȷ ȶzx²q®ȿu¤l}Ȼuss }d ȷ ȸɇu¥r £ɪȧuȧvs £Ⱥ©| g£ {
£ {bzùăȮȼŗbȧ|včéĄuȸɇu|v cþąu£ɨs £Ⱥ©
böăf£ȩ}v¨pfz u£tÿ üɆŌuȧ|p¯tæutæ|¶ b¨pqs q£Ⱥ©b±vuò£ ö ü¥r z {lb s²x|v cþąu£gk z {b±wò}s Āuª|v ¥r ò x vɐŖ£u©l}bzùăȮ¶ b¨pqs q £u©b±z uȻuss }ȧ|£hþ {qvl gx z u¤l|¶ v« ¤uò ȸɇu|v ¥r (¤l}ȶzx q q ɂȧ|l fȷx bȸ¨f£Ⱥ©ȮbȿŔ¨fv« } ) £ɪ¤qȿu~qòȿu£ɪs £Ⱥ©l¤l}¶ l £gö© Ȯrû zòf£s¢q Ƀɇbl gȮȷýv£s ¥r £v s bȮȿu~Ĝȹuȧ|z {g¨u u£ɪ£} l Ȯb ¤ òf b±¥rz uȻu£ýq¢zvl £ tȧ|ȸzȸ||v ȻɁ¨f u fbzùăȮböăfbýz qȧ|s q£s¶ x ¨ȿu} c qȧ|s qv¤uóz£s¢q ýqȠ~Ȼu{bzbvȫŖkq ɂȧ|£s¶ v« ¤uò Ȯ{ȷ£ q £ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÇÊ ȿu uö sz {ýqȠ~ȻuýȻ| £ f£ɪs ýb fȻfbb |Ƀfýv£s ¥ru fbzùăȮ £l z÷ x Ⱦbɏ ¨x vɐŖz {g¨u uȸbsfu fs bl ¤l}ȿu i£ȿŔ©|Ƀf|ɃfȾd ȸ¨fx || zȿuvɐŖýx©~Ĝɇ|wf¤l|¶ q¨ȵf|v ¥rȻuvl £ t z ux Ⱦbɏ£} s lîȾxgɍv¥uvɐŖ£u©£s £ {ȧ|g|ȬȻuvɁi²{ £ {bzùăȮ ȻuȬqȧ|ȶzu q~ Ĝt £u©¶ * *
*
£ɪ£x}£u© q ɂȧ|u f£tÿ £ gbò £ ö ¨£ȱ{lbý f£gkx fä£ q l g ȿuȨf£} ¶ £v s bȮȿuȧ| fĀ²{cþ©g¨£Ƚ©ȧ|ýxzss }{b|v £ ¢zu ~¤wus
43
£ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÂÊ £ {¤l}Ȯ£ q Ⱥ¨ ücþąuýxzss }{býx¨¤lu¤l}gfĂă}vȫŖk£} ¤wus £Ⱥ© q ɂȧ|£ȱ{¤wĂb£} ýx qò ȧ|p¯ȮvuòvȺōv{}£e kȷ Ą~£u© ȶz|{ª |Ĝɀvr|v cþąu¥rz uýqȠ~Ȼu u ɐɖq ü ©ɉfȷ cþąuz uȻuýxzss } {b¤wus £u©£Ⱥ©£s¶ |{ª£x} ÇÂȭŏ¨ ýv£s £u©Ȼuss }w}ýv£ɀiu¯ ýdv¤vvɀŘf¤l} u ɐɖȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ wò} ücþąuɀŘf£ɇgȵ b±w}ýv£ɀiu¯ ¥uýx¨¤luz {¤l}ȿu ó |Ⱦx¤l|¶ ȶz|{ªȻɁ¨f bzùăȮu fȻɁ¨f £i¡ȷýv£s ¥rss }{b¤wus £u©¶ £ȱ{Ɇ|¤qȩœuȾd ȵz {ɉg ©ɉf ¨x b¨ l £gö© Ƀ z uȿuýv£ɀiu¯ ÿ böăfȧ|¤ ÿf{} ¨x ȧ|£i¡s bg qò¤l}ɉý ²{£} ȧ|£i¡Ȯb ȷ¤wus £u©ýq zýqȠ~ z uýq zýqȠ~£Ⱥ©£s¶ Ą~£u© £ȱ{£ɪ¤qvuò£} b£ fx w} ýv£ɀiu¯ u fɉý ²{w}¤l}ss }Ȼux l¨£ȵ©ýɆ{£u© ¥rz uɉgvl £ tȷ cþąuz u¤l}ȮȾd {}ýxzg¨£Ƚ©l¨£ȵ©ýɆ{£u©Ȼu£s¶ £ȸ©v ȮɀŘfȵb±£ȱ{ q ɂȧ|{}£e kȷ £ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÂÊ-ÃËÂË ¥r x qȮȻuýxzss }{b¤wus v zù²uõà ȷȮ}sõw}¥uȧ|ȫ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu¤l} Ȯ£ q Ⱥ¨ ücþąuss }Ɇł}¤cĀvȺōq£ɪ£} ¤wus £Ⱥ© Ȯ¤cĀýx¨¤lu¤l}ɉu Ⱦx ¥uȧ|ýxzss }{b£u© d ȱbýx©~Ĝɇ| ó qböăfs bl bzùăȮ¶ q ɂȧ|{}£e k v¤uóz£s¢qȷ ýv u£v x u qü£z }Ȯ| z |ĜɀvrȮvuòvȺōv|v ¥r vɐņbu f ȩ¨ýsȧ|ýxzss }{bx l¨v f|v cþąu £ {ȷ bzûȾxȮb¤ òf|v cþąuz uýdv ýȩu£l z÷ vl £ tȧ|ýxzss }{b£u©Ȼu£s¶ ȶz|{ª |Ĝɀvr|v cþąu Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |Ȼuss }Ɇł}¤cĀvȺōq£u© Ȯz }£ q Ⱥ¨ üx b£dx qȮȻuýxz£ýx¢fȩŏ Ȭqs b¤cĀvȺōq£u© Ȯ¤cĀýx¨¤lu ¶ * *
*
Ą~£u© q ɂȧ|ýqȠ~x Ȭ|ȵ£} vɐŖx |£s¢q¶ ¥r ©ɉfȷ Ȭvȶ¨fx ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÊ £ {Ȯx £ | ql}ȿuȧ|Ƀ ¤~f£ȱ{cþąu f ȭŏ¨ÃËÅÆ-ÃËÅÇ ¥r£i¡Ȯbȷ ¤cĀýx¨¤lu£ɪ£} ¤wus ýqȡq ȩŏu f¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b l £gö©£ {ýv u
44
£v ¥rss }{b¤cĀýx¨¤lu£ɪ£} ¤wus £Ⱥ©
cþąu£tÿ l £Ȭŏ©b±£ȱ{Ɇ|ȿui¨£u¡¤vv
£Ⱥ©¤l|¶ ȿuy òăȶfvɐņbȷ ȧ| ©ɉf¤vv£u©x qȮz u gȫŕbȩ ŏȸ}¤q£Ɇ© Ȯz {u fȧ| ©ɉf¤l}¥rȻu£} b£ fɀŘfȨŔ¨fȧŔ u fý gýɆ}ȷ bzûȾx ȺȺböăfȧ| u ~qò t v£q{ü Ȯb¤ òfȻuvɐņbɀŘfgɍ u ~i¨£u¡|v cþąuȷ cþąu ȿu t v£q{ü£} q¨vuýȻɆs£u© ¸ ýv u£v ¥rx qȮ{}ýg ¨ ¨x ¤cĀýx¨¤lu v zù²uõà ¤zu£Ⱥ© - ȿuu²{ȷ ýv u£v ¥r{}ȷ ¤cĀýx¨¤lu v zù²uõÃgfĂă} vȫŖkău ~¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs býq zýqȠ~£Ⱥ© - £Ⱥ©cþąugɍ ȮȻu£i¡ȷ q¨vuýȻɆs £u© ó qböăfs bl bzùăȮɀŘfx qýȻbl (£ȱ{¤wĂb£} z }ȱʼnu¥u¤wus ¤l}cþąuȻu ýxzss }{b£Ⱥ©)¶ ýv u£v ¥rȿui¨£u¡¤vv£u©¤zu £ {i¨£u¡£u©vfâv£ɪböăf Ɂ}ȧ| ©ɉf ¤l}ȷcþąuȻuýxzss }{b¤wus v zù²uõãu©£ȱ{Ɇ|¤qcþąu d qȷ¤wus £u©ýq zýqȠ~
£Ⱥ© bzûȾx|v cþąu£ɪ£} s ȶ¨fȮb¤ òfýqȠ~ȻuȬq
s bȷȮȧ||Ġ£ɂyv¨Ƚu£ȱ{£gqȺ£} t v£q{ü (¤wĂb£} ȧ| uö ȱʼnul gȻu £|¢vɁvȨf£} ) ¤l}£tÿ üȿuȧ| uûqȷ ¥rȻul fȷbzùăȮȧuȧvq¨vuýȻɆs £u©¶ £ gbò £ ö ¨d ȷ ¥rz uɉg ©ɉfȷcþąuȿuȧ|y²uòýg ¨böăfȧ|ýxzss }{b ¤cĀýx¨¤lu v zù²uõà ¤l}Ȯȧ|wôă{ý ©£ɨu f£ q w}¤l}cþąuȻuwò}ȸbsf u f bzûȾxȮb¤ òf|v cþąul gȮȷ cþąuȿui¨£u¡Ȼuȧuȧv t v£q{üböăf q¨vu£u©¶ £dɉg{}£e kv¤uózȻuȷ £v s bȮȧ|£} b£ f ¨x ȧ|y²uòýg ¨|v ¥rɉgss }{bȻuȮ£ȩ}ȧ|p¯b±£ȱ{
b±¥rd |¤q£} b£ fȾŔzvȺōvx Ȼu
£tÿ ȧ|Ƀ ¤~f£ȱ{cþąu f£} q¨vui£ȿŔ©£u©böăfȭŏ¨Ã ËÅÆ-ÃËÅǶ ȶ¨fx £x} £Ⱥ©zb ¥rz uɉgȷcþąuȮ öb|f£ýȩ©£ȱ{ȧ|y²uòýg ¨ȵz {£ {¶ * *
*
Ȯg f£ýȧ{ ȿus lîȾxz {£s¢q¥u£|¡fbò £u©¤l}Ȭ¨Ȼgq ɂȧ|ýqȠ~£} b
45
{bzbx Ȭ|ȵ¶ q ɂȧ|{}£e kȷ ȧ|ýxzss }{b¤wus v zù²uõà £ȱ{ Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |Ⱥ¨ ü¤wus £u©g }£ɨböăfl¨£ȵ©ýɆ{ uõ ɐɖ u fȧŔ{Ȯ¤wöbz { ¤l}z uɉgȧqȼŋgȻu¥ul¨£ȵ©ýɆ{ uõ ɐɖ£u©¶ £dz uɉgu ɀ{Ȼuȷ l¨£p |ȧ|£u©ȫb£gkx ɉgȮȧ||Ġ£ɂyv¨Ƚu£} }bãcpŊȸ¨fɈ{¥u u ɐɖ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ £Ⱥ©Ȼu£s £ɪɁ}b|p ¤l}¤cĀýx¨¤lu£ɪ£} ¤wus ȫb£gkx ¤cĀ¤vf ¤gbs b £ȱ{£ q ȷ £v £ɀf£ɨȶzȧ|{}|v q ɂȧ|x vɐŖ£u©¤wus ýqȠ~ Ȼuýxzss }{b£ȱ{Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |£ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÂÊ £ { (£ȸ©v ɃýqȠ~ z uýqȠ~ýdv s lîȾxȸ¨f £ɨu f¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs bx qb±£ȱ{)
u f£ýȧ{zbȬqs bȷȮ}sõ
w}¥uȧ|vbýɆ{£ȱ{|ȱʼny Ȼ}ȸ¨fx | ¨x ȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu¤l} uõ ɐɖ£u© qýzȠ~ üȿu¶
z«Ɏf£s¢q
£ɪ£x}£Ⱥ©Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |Ȼu £ýzg{bȧ|vbýɆ{
z {£u©¥ul¨£ȵ©ýɆ{ uõ ɐɖ¤l}ȷ
böăfb|p ȿuȧ|c ȩŏȮz {u f¤cĀ
¤vf¤gbs b ¤cĀýx¨¤lu¤l}Ȼud £ɪ£} ¤wus £u© ȿuɉu Ⱦx£} }v£} vs v÷čìqò £wĀf£s¢q|v uõ ɐɖ¶ v« ¤uò £v s bȮ£ɪ£x}£u© q ɂȧ|ýqȠ~Ȼu£ ö ¨ ü£ȱ©ýɆ{vɐŖ ò x ȧ|vbýɆ{tzûȶ¥u uõ ɐɖ¤qv« £ȵɒ©b±£ȱ{ b±qɂ ȧ| Ȭqs bȷ ȧ|vbýɆ{¤l}ýqȠ~wò} üu fȿuȾxl gȩŏȶz£ q w}l gq£ɨ¶ Ȯs £ɨ £ɪ£x}¤l}ýv£s x |b¨pqýx¨¤luz {Ȯz {ȩŏ £ȩ}v¨pf gz÷fz {böăfg¨£ȵz£ȩ}v¨pf £s¢q d £l z÷ £ýzgȻul¨£ȵ©ýɆ{¤l}ȿu ó |Ⱦxu fȮɆŌx|¶ Ƀz uɉg£tÿ £ɨ| g£s ýv u£v ¤cĀvȺōq¤l}ýqȠ~Ȼub¨pq £ f£u©ɉg£} bzb£ȬsȮvɐŖ£ɪ£x}ȵz {b±Ȼu £ȱ{¤wĂbȶzl¨£p |ȧ| ¤l}£g©¤q£v bg¨ | q £ {£v uȮȧ|¤bqýzȠ~ɉg£tÿ Ȼu£ɪ£x}ȵ¤l}|b £e k ȷȿuȾxz u ýq z ýqȠ ~ ȵz { £ȱ{£t¢v£ɨu f vsv÷čì qò ȵ z { £ɪböă f uõ ɐɖz }ȱʼnu£Ⱥ©¶ l¨£p |ȧ||£v¢v£u©ɉgvuò £ȱ{ȩœus včçv u fz uɉg ȯul}l¨£ȵ©ýɆ{ȮɆŌx|Ȼu£s lɁvȵ£dɉg£ɪ¤q|b£e kb¨ ¤l} ɉg£b qȿu£Ⱥ©¶ ýx¨¤lu|£v¢v£u© £ýɗx ȩœu ó |ȾxɉgȧŔ{Ȯýx¨¤lu¤l}z u £s¢fȸq¶ £dýqȠ~¤q |ȷ £ q ÿ ȻuȮȾd ȸ¨fx |Ȼuýxz£ýx¢f£tÿ ȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu £ {z u£ȩ|x{bȶzvsv÷čìqò ¥u uõ ɐɖ¤l}vɐņbýȻvȷ ýx¨¤lu£ɪböăf
46
q¨vu£Ⱥ©d Ȯ¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b¶ ȿu uõ ɐɖýx¨¤luȮ£ýg u¤l}z uȻu¤gf ÿ£ } x ¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b ¤cĀcöfyö¨£ { £ {¤l}ȩœu¤gfvsv÷čìqò ȵz { ýȿvȧ| b¨pqýx¨¤luȵz {Ȯȧ|v¤uóz£s¶ Ⱦd £ɪböăf£|¡fbò £u©gɍ Ȯȿu£ q w} £l z÷ vuòi¨ɇu£} x £u©£ɨ£s¢q¶ £ q w}¤qz {d £ȱ{Ɇ|¤q£dȬqs bȧ| gfĂă}vȫŖk¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs bȷz uýdvýȩu £l z÷ £ýzgȻuu ~Ⱦxgɍ ɂ u f ɆŌx|¶ £l z÷ £ýzgȻuu ~£ȩ}v¨pf£u© £s v£dȫb£ɨ|bȧ|b¨pqýx¨¤lu u f ¤cĀvȺōq£ɪ£} ¤wus ¶ bȶŋȮ£ýg u£s¢qȩ¨ýss Āuª¤l}ȷ £ȩ}v¨pfgz÷f|v Ⱦd ȸ¨fx | böăfl¨£ȵ©ýɆ{ýx¨¤lu£ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ-ÃËÂÊ d £l z÷ £ýzg üȻuu ~l¨£ȵ©ýɆ{ gɍ ɂ u fɆŌx|¶ ȶz|{ªy òăȶf¤l}Ȼuȱbi uq ɂȧ| u fȶzg£zþ { |v d Ⱦd ȼō} Ƀgɍ ȵ ȷ £ɪ ¨ ăfz uȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ vɐŖȸ¨fz }¥uýx¨¤lul± ¤~f|Ƀf£ ¢zȮz { pŊĐgu ȻɁ¨f ȻuȧŔ{Ȯv xÿ£ q ¥uȾxz ugɍ ɂ bfÿ} u f |ĜȾx ¤l}vȵɑ} ü£b qȿu£|¡fɁŘ~ l g¤l}Ȼu£|¢vɁv£ɪböăf bɆ|z { ȱbi uq ɂȧ| ò x Ⱦx¥u "ȧ|£b u£ f¥uȾxȶuq f £ɪböăfs¨Ⱥbs¨uf|Ƀf £ ¢zu fȻɁ¨f¶ q ɂȧ|ɉg£tÿ £ gbò uö ȱʼnu£ȱ{ý vgɍvȷ £ȩ}v¨pf ¨Ȩu b±ɉgȬqs bȷ Ȯ£ȩ}v¨pft¨£tf¥ul¨£ȵ©ýɆ{böăf ¨ ăfȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆÃËÂÊ (¤l}Ⱥ¨zbu ~l¨£ȵ©ýɆ{s £ɨ¥uvɐŖýx¨¤lu¤l}£ɪ£ }ȸ¨f |Ƀfýv£s ȸ¨fx |)
d £l z÷ včçv Ⱦxȶuq f£u©u f£l z÷ £ýzgȻuu ~ ó |Ⱦx
ýx¨¤lu £ȱ{j|£} z }ȱʼnu¥uȾxgɍ ɂ u fɆŌx|¶ £ɪböăfv £|bȷ¥u uõ ɐɖýx¨¤luȻɁ¨f-£ ¢z g ©¥ræs ÄÅ ¤cz Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÂÉ Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |Ȼuývȧ ȷ Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |ȿuhuôª "ȹȺ üȻuu ~l¨£ȵ©ýɆ{g f£ýȧ{ ¥uɁ}vɐŖȸ¨f ȸbsf£ɨu fýx¨¤lu| z pŊĐg uu f£ ¢z ¶ bã Ⱦxz {£s¢q ¥uhuôªl gȩŏ£u© ýqȠ~ȻuvȫŖk£ɪböăf£gqȺ¤l}gfȻuýx¨¤lutzûȮq u fȮb¤ òf l g¤l}ȿuy òăȶf£ýg u£} }v£ɪböf ă bɆ| u f¤l}ýqȠ~ȻuvȫŖk£ȱ{Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |¶ l g¤l}q ɂȧ|Ȼu£|¢vɁvȨf£} £v s bȮȧ|p¯£u©£ȱ{ b fz u¤zu
47
Ȯ£ q w} ýȿvývȧuȷ ýx¨¤luýqȠ~¤q£l |ȶz¤cĀtzûȮq u fȮb¤ òfbò b±v« ¤uò ȧ|p¯£u©x qȮȩ¨ýss Āuªȷ Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |gfȻuu ~l¨£ȵ©ýɆ{gɍ ɂ u fɆŌx|ȶz|{ª¤cĀtzûȮq u fȮb¤ òf¶ s Āuªl gȩŏ£u©ýqȠ~Ȼuȩ¨ýsɀŘfȨŔ¨fȧŔ £ȱ{ |Ĝɀvr|v Ⱦd ȸ¨fx | g¨£Ƚ©ýx¨¤lu£ɪböăf uõ ɐɖȭŏ¨ÃËÄÇu fÃËÅɶ £ȱ{z uɁvvčçĄ}ɀŘfȮb ɂbu ~vɐŖýx¨¤lux l¨£p |ȧ|¥uȧ|£ £|ĝ uõ ɐɖȺȺx z u£ f~Ĝk
¤l} uõ
ɐɖȭŏ¨ÃËÄÇu fÃËÅÉ Ȼu u ~qòȶz£Ⱥ© Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |Ȼu¤ òf ü£e ku ~Ɇ|ª ¨Ȩul± qòăfä qòz ¤l}£dȻuwɏ|Ⱦņv£ɨu fȾxɆŌx|£ɪböăfvɐŖýx¨¤lu£u©¶ |Ĝ ɀ vr|v Ⱦ d ȸ¨ f x | £ɪböă f ȭŏ¨ à ËÄÇu f ÃËÅÉ ɉgýqȠ ~ ȻuȬq s b ȷȮ y òăȶf£ȱ{ýq zýqȠ~¤l}ȷȾd ȸ¨fx |ȿu£gqȺl gȩŏ d gfȻuu ~l¨£ȵ©ýɆ{ ɆŌx|£ɪböăf ¨ ăfȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ-ÃËÂÊ wf¤l|¶ ȧ|gfĂă}vȫŖk¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b£ɪböăfȿýȶÃ¥u u ɐɖȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ d ýȩu ¤qȮz£tɎȻ{Ȯb¤ òfu fȫ{ý }v« £ȵɒ©
böăfȧ|£|¢vɁvu ~¤cĀýx¨¤luz {
ývbv£ȱ{ qɎu z²q £ȸ©Ȯȶz}bãcpŊs £ɨbò ¶ v« ¤uò x ¨ȿu£ q w}ȵz { ¤l}ýqȠ~{bzbx Ȭ|ȵȷ
Ⱦd ȸ¨fx |Ȼu üɆ|ª ¨Ȩux £ ȵz {£ɨu f
¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs b¤vv£u©£s £v £ýv¢v£t¢v£ɨu fɆ|ª ¨Ȩu¤l}ȿuɉs Ⱦx £Ƚ} d w}ýv£ɀiu¯¥ul¨£ȵ©ýɆ{ɆŌx|böăfȧ|£ȩ|xȶz¤cĀ£ɪ£} ¤wus
l g¤l}
ýqȠ~Ȼub¨pqu fýqȠ~Ȼuýxzss }{b£ȱ{Ⱦd ȸ¨fx || g£ {¶ £ q l g£u© q ɂȧ|{}ȷ ȶzs Āuª¥uȧ|vbýɆ{ uõ ɐɖýqȠ~ £ýzg{b¤cĀvȺōq ýx¨¤lul g¤l}Ȼud £ɪ£} ¤wus böăfq¨vui£ȿŔ©¶ * *
*
£ȱ{¤wĂb£} z }£ q ȸ¨fɈ{¤l}q ɂȧ|{bzb£tÿ Ȯz }ȱʼnuböăfȧ| £ýzg£ gbò |v cþąu q ɂȧ|z uȬ¨Ȼgx Ȭ|ȵȷ £q £ɪýx©~Ĝɇ|¤cĀýx¨¤lu£ɪ
48
£} ¤wus x qȮýqȠ~£ɨu f¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs bx qýȻbl£ɪböăfq¨vuȸ¨f£u© x qȮýqȠ~ £ɨu fȭŏ¨ÃËÂÆ-ÃËÂÊ ýv u£v z ul £gö©£s £q ¤cĀ¤vf¤gbs bx qýȻbl£Ⱥ© £l ||£v¢vȵ¶ * *
*
Ȯg f£ýȧ{ £ȱ{£ɀf£} £ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{¤l}Ȼuȱbi uq ɂȧ| £ɪ£x}včçvu q ~Ĝt ȸk£ q w}ȼō}ȿq
¤l}ȻugfĂă}vȫŖk£ɪböăf£ gbò
£wò z¥uɆ}l ȧ£u© q ɂȧ||b£e kȷ £ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{s Ãu fs Ä|v bzùăȮ ¤l} ¨ üývȧ u ~ȲuªȶzwþĄ~gɍv¥u¤wus v zù²uõÃu f¤cĀýx¨¤lu£ɪ böăfq¨vui£ȿŔ©ɉgss }{bzbx Ȭ|ȵȻu¤qböăf}bãcpŊȷ £ gbò £ ö ¨ ü ~Ĝu gè²{ȸ¨f£u© ȿuvɐņbx z }£ q £ {z u¤zuȮȧ|ȸzȸ|¤l}ýqȠ~{bzb £ȱ©ýɆ{£ɪböăfvčìqò u ~qò¥uɆ}l ȧ£u©£s¶ zɎŘf£s¢q q ɂȧ||b£e kȷ £ýȧ{x Ȼu£} b£ fu ~ȧ|ȸzȸ||v cþąuȽbx²uõu f t v£q{ü£} ýx©~Ĝɇ| ¥r Ȼu£} b£ f£ɪböăf£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{|v cþąuýq z¤q ¨p© ¨ȵf u fȧ| vl £ t¤l}i¨ȸ £ɨu fȧ|qɃŘ|v Ⱦd ȿŁf£s¢q £ȱ{s b üq ɂȧ|ȶb¤qf Ƚbü£xgu¯ zý v ¨x £ q w}ȸ¨fɈ{¤l}q ɂȧ|{bȮz }ȱʼnu ýȿvȧ| ~Ĝu gè²{|v cþąu¶ £ɪg¨£Ƚ©z c ¥uvpĎ fȸzȸ|¤l}Ȼuȱbi uzbq ɂȧ|£ȱ{ýv£s bzùăȮ u f¥r£|¢f¹cþąuȸbsfu f t v£q{ü£} ýx©~Ĝɇ|¤l}Ⱥ¨ üȿui£ȿŔ©|Ƀf |lîȸ¨fx |£u© q ɂȧ|ȩ¨ýsbzùăȮ £ȱ{ u £ɂz£ɨȶz£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{s Å |v cþąu¶ q ɂȧ|b±ȩ¨ýsbzùăȮwf¤l| ȸbsfu f£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{s Æ ò x ȧ| lbbfbȿŔ¨f£ɀȹ¶ g¨£Ƚ©£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{s Ç|v bzùăȮ ¨x ȧ|£tÿ vl ȸu q ɂȧ| {}£e kȷ ¨£p ¤l}Ȼu£} b£ f£ɪböăf£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{£u© x ¨¤zuȮ ȧ|xýf bv¤uóz£} vpĎ fȸzȸ|£l z|v bzùăȮ£s (¤l}£ɪböăfb|p £u© ¨£p £u©
49
z ud |ýqȠ~Ȼuss }{b£s£ɪ£x}¤l} ¨£p £u©ýqȠ~Ȼu£ ö Ȯ£} bl¨v f£Ⱥ©)¶ v« ¤uò l g£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{s Ƥl| £ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{s ÇȮvȽbx²uõ£ɨu f vpĎ fȸzȸ| t v£q{ü¤l}Ȯ£ q Ⱥ¨£ɨl}ȧ|£tÿ vl ȸu¶ zɎŘf£s¢q z uȿu y òăȶfȮb¤ òfýqȠ~Ȼuȱbi uq ɂȧ| ¤l}vȫŖkȮ~Ĝiéȿuȷ~qóăȸ¨fɈ{¤l} Ȼu£} b£ fböăf£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{£u©
x qȮýqȠ~Ȼu{b£gkx ýȻɆsu f
q¨vuýȻɆs£u©£ȱ{¥r Ȭvȶ¨fx ȧ|ȧuȧv|v ¥r£} ýȻɆs£u©£ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÇÆ £Ⱥ©£s¶ Ȯȧ|x q£ {¤l}ȷ ¥rz uȻuvl £ tȨŔ¨fȧŔ£sg¨£Ƚ©ȧ|£Ȭsývȧu £u© ¤l}cþąuz uȸ¨fȻui¨ȸ ȷ ¨£p £u©z uɉgss }{bȻu£Ⱥ©wf¶ £ȸ©v ȮɀŘfȵb±£ȱ{ b±böăfȧ}ª£s ª¤vv£u© vɐŖ¥uȧ|£tÿ vl ȸu d ȮvɐŖz { ¤l}q ɂȧ|ýȩu¤qɉg£ȱ©ýɆ{Ȯ£ȩ}ȧ|p¯£ȱ{ȩ¨ýsbzùăȮ
£ȱ{z u
vɐņb ¨x ~qóăȵz {x qýȻbl£Ⱥ©£s¶ ¤wĂb£} ɉ ¨ f£ q ȸf ¨ £u© q ɂȧ| £ȱ{ȿu ¨£ fËs}uf Å £ýzgȷ ýȻɆsýx©~Ĝɇ| ó qböăfs bl £ýȧz t v£q{ü|v ýv£s bzùăȮ¶ £ýzgvȺōvzb£s¢qȷ £ȱ{ȿu ¨£ fËs}uf Å ýv£s ¥rȿuȧqxÿb gçlbbfbȿŔ¨fs²x v« } öb¤r|bɏ ȭœ¨l¥s£s¢q ¤l}¥rȻuȱbböăfýȻɆs böăfq¨vu¤b÷|ýȻɆs¤l} ó qböăfs bl bzùăȮ¶ £ȱ{ ¨£ fÉs}uf Ç £ýzgȷ ýv£s ¥rȿuȧqxÿb gçývd}zb üýv£s bzùăȮ~Ĝk u ~~qóăȸ¨fɈ{ ȶzýv£ys¤l}Ȼuvɐņb£ɪböăf£ gbò £ ö ¨ ü~Ĝu gè²{s Ç|v bzùăȮ ¤l}ýqȠ~ Ȼu{b£gkx ýȻɆs q¨vuýȻɆs£ȱ{ɉȮŇt|Ƚbx²uõ|v ¥r
Ȭvȶ¨fx
ȧ}v|Ĝ£gès¥uȧ|ȧuȧvýȻɆs£u©£ȱ{ýv£s ¥r £ɪȭŏ¨ÃËÇƶ £tÿ Ȯ ȾɆ f £dþ u f ȾɆȻɁ¨ f ¶ qó v sȾɆ f £dþ {bȮwþĄ ~ ȧ|¶ £tÿ £ɪ
50
~Ĝȿu uò Ⱦxýb fɈ£ ¥ræs ÃÇ ¤cz r Ⱥ ȭŏ¨ÃËÈÄ ȮÅgɍv z {gɍv|bɏs b £ɪvpñ Ɇ |ȱʼn u |v q ɂ ȧ|
u f gɍv l ¥s£s¢qvčéĄ u £ɨ|ȱʼn y Ȼ }bzùă Ȯ u f
|ȱʼny Ȼ}¥r£|¢f¹cþąu¶ ývȹu ( qó£}Ȩ) B. WINIARSKI ýbɈvčé ( qó£}Ȩ) GARNIER-COIGNET
51
Ɇ}l ȧ£u© ýqȠ~Ȼu£|¢vg¨vb¤ývȮȾɆ¤cû|ȶzd¨u qwíg ą £wí zl±cf ù c ù |v b qòzvpŊ q ȾȬ|ü c ɉu vȺ{b|lîzĚuò |lîzĚuòs s }vuôb ă s ȧ ò |dpª|lîzĚuò b qòz £ɂbi¨ȸ~ £ɂb l gȿuɁ{ȺzȨf£ýȧz Ȼug }| zɀŘf bzûböăfȧ|ȫ|vb¤ýv£u© ÷ vb¤ýv£ȱ{ ¸ Ã- £ɂb
z« f z uö g|Ĝɀ
£ɜýbzq ɂȧ|b¨x }
Ä- £ɂb
{ | qòɁ
£ɜýbzq ɂȧ|b¨x }
x uq ü¤b ýzȡ}£ȱ{ ¸ Ã- b qòz
£ f~fĀ v¬u ȭq
s ýv bɏɁi|ȱʼn y Ȼ } u f Ȯ u ývȹuýb zýv bɏ öbgɍv
- b qòz
ɃŘ d z f
£s |lîzĚuò ss }vuôăbb gçȧ|ýx¨¤lu
- vpŊ q
Ȯ ɃŘu£lq
s ýv bɏ b qòz c ɉu
- b qòz
q b£|ġq ¨£|g
|lî£}Ȩt ȧ|s ò ȧ|dpª|lîzĚuò
- vpŊ q
Ȭv ȷ|Ĝsõ
s ýv bɏ
u f ȮȺ{bc sô ȧ }² {
£ɂbi¨ȸ~ ¤z«u ¨ u - vpŊ q
b z |²q~ ö l î
s ýv bɏ
u f ȮȺ{bc sô ȧ }² {
b qòz c ɉu - vpŊ q
¬ Ċ ȿŘv
s ýv bɏ b qòz c ɉu
52
- b qòz
£bq £Ɇȼu i¨u {ȧ| £zòg däzɇ£ Ⱥvq £q£Ȯ ¬ u ¤ u
- £ɂb
s u ȼu
ývȹuȺ{bȱʼnus¨Ⱥbs¨uf uò|Ȯq ¥us ò ȧ|dpª|lîzĚuò
- £ɂb
Ȯv ȶŌ|qu¯
i¨u {ȧ| b qòz c ɉu
à - vpŊ q
z«z ¨pq
i¨u {ȧ|c sôȧ}²{ b qòz c ɉu
à - vpŊ q
¤ z gq ò
i¨u {ȧ|c sôȧ}²{ b qòz c ɉu
à - £ɂb
~ nð
i¨u {ȧ|c sôȧ}²{ b qòz c ɉu
à - vpŊ q
ȭ¨f ¬ {
i¨u {ȧ|c sôȧ}²{ b qòz c ɉu
à - £ɂb
df g²uôɃ Ⱥ i¨u {ȧ|c sôȧ}²{ b qòz c ɉu
à - £ɂb
u ȹ
i¨u {ȧ| b qòz ɃŘ d z f
à - £ɂb
cu ȱu q
zĚuò ¥uɉȮŇ t |Ȯq s s } vuôă b b gç ȧ | ýx¨¤lu
öbi¨Ⱥk¤wöbgɍv Ã- b qòz
Ɉ¨ Ȯ
ȿi býb zýv bɏ öbgɍv
u fȮ u
ývȹu£}Ȩt ȧ |ȱʼn u ¥uɉȮŇ t |Ȯq ss }vuôăbb gçȧ|ýx¨¤lu Ä- b qòz
w ~ ¨y
ȿi b ýb z ýv bɏ ö b gɍv u f Ȯ dä Ⱥ{bv£gçb£s ¥uýb f{ qò tz®
Å- b qòz
z r }
s ýv bɏ£ɂbi¨ȸ~ ¤z«u ¨ u
Æ- b qòz
Ɇř £ɯŘ
ȿi býb zýv bɏ öbgɍv
53
x uq ü¤b ýzȡ} bãɁ~ |s õ£ȱ{dpªbzûȧ|ȾɆ~ sɎ¤cû| ¤l}ȿu ȿ Ⱦxl gȨf£ýȧz ¸ Ã- b qòz
z {£e¢f
È- b qòz
f w
Ä- b qòz
g²uô ¨pxÿ
É- £ɂb
ȷg ¤ z
Å- b qòz
h{ u
Ê- £ɂb
z« z z« u
Æ- b qòz
~ g²u
Ë- £ɂb
£{¢f ~ |v ýq
Ç- b qòz
z« k Ɇ|ĝ
ÃÂ- £ɂb
s g d zýɆřf
dpªɆ|dzȺdzu¯uf x²q®ȿu fäȾxx²qȿ ® uu fývq bzû| ² ¥us ò ȧ|dpª|lîzĚuò Ã- b qòz
Ɇŕ{ ȷ
|lî£}Ȩt ȧ|s ò ȧ|dpª|lîzĚuò
Ä- b qòz
¤b~ £|ġz
|lî£}Ȩt ȧ|s ò ȧ|dpª|lîzĚuò
Å- b qòz
¥w ȼu
|lî£}Ȩt ȧ|s ò ȧ|dpª|lîzĚuò
Æ- b qòz
¬ u v¬ȵ Ɂ ɒ Ř
u |lî£}Ȩt ȧ|s ò ȧ|dpª|lîzĚuò
Ç- b qòz
c Ɇt
s ýv bɏ zs ò ȧ|dpª|lîzĚuò
È- b qòz
z ȶŌ
|lî£}Ȩt ȧ|s ò ȧ|dpª|lîzĚuò
É- b qòz
¤v«u £f¡u
s ýv bɏ zs ò ȧ|dpª|lîzĚuò
Ê-£ɂbi¨ȸ~ ȿ Ɇ z ȱu u |lî£}Ȩt ȧ|s ò ȧ|dpª|lîzĚuò Ë-£ɂbi¨ȸ~
c ~ Ɉ{
u |lî£}Ȩt ȧ|s ò ȧ|dpª|lîzĚuò
ÃÂ- b qòz
s q ȹ
s ýv bɏɁi|ȱʼny Ȼ}
54
ÃÃ- b qòz
kă b ~ȵɒɁŘ
s ýv bɏɁiȱʼny Ȼ}
ÃÄ- b qòz
u Ɇ| u
qòzzĚuò s ò ȧ|dpª|lîzĚuò
ÃÅ- b qòz
f z}þ ~pñ
s ýv bɏ zs ò ȧ|dpª|lîzĚuò
ÃÆ- b qòz
£Ɇz u
i¨u {ȧ| zs ò ȧ|dpª|lîzĚuò
ÃÇ- b qòz
£ɧ Ƀ Ⱥ
i¨u {ȧ| zs ò ȧ|dpª|lîzĚuò
ÃÈ-vpŊ q
£ɶ ~ȵɒ
ývȹuȺ{bȱʼnuɆ|dzȺdzu¯
ÃÉ-£ɂb
£ f Ɇ~u
ývȹuȺ{bȱʼnubȵɑ}
ÃÊ-£ɂb
z g²uôȶɁŘ
ývȹuȺ{bȱʼnux²q®ȿu
ÃË-£ɂb
£ q u q
u ývȹuȺ{bȱʼnuɆ|dzȺdzu¯
ÄÂ-£ɂb
£ f x l î
u ývȹuȺ{bȱʼnuɆ|dzȺdzu¯
ÄÃ-£ɂb
u Ɇ~ tn
u ývȹuȺ{bȱʼnuɆ|dzȺdzu¯
ÄÄ-£ɂb
ăf d p
u ývȹuȺ{bȱʼnuɆ|dzȺdzu¯
ÄÅ-£ɂb
| n ȵ
u ývȹuȺ{bȱʼnuɆ|dzȺdzu¯
55