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22 ]
ge
VI E
[P a
S
TE CT ’ LED S CULTURED
AR CH Y I HIGHL
solid-state lighting’s role in...
THE conservation
IMPERATIVE
LEDs in action Well thought-out color-changing in an under-utilized lobby area of the Amway Grand Plaza Hotel gives the area new life and functionality.
SSL BUZZ DOE’s recent manufacturing R&D initiative workshop resulted in a number of promising ideas to bring down the cost of SSL.
SSL PROFILE Like a dynamic school of fish, SSL helps create a welcoming entrance for the Grand Battelle of Columbus’ convention center.
NUMBER 18 • may 2011 www.architecturalssl.com
every watt saved... When a material is found useful, it is rapidly hunted, drilled
or dug with abandon. Conservation is a solution, and SSL serves a role, but it must show its potential for significant improvements to alter lighting practices. [ Page 16]
SSL Buzz: SSL and Architecture Integrate in Washington, D.C. Project Profile: Alice Tully Hall, Lincoln Center, New York City
Architectural SSL • 519 Briarcliff Road, Bolingbrook, IL 60440
ARCHITECTURAL SSL • Chronicling the Advancement of LEDs in the Built Environment
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14
11 Project Brief: London's Victoria and Albert Museum turns to LED lighting. 33 Project Profile: Alice Tully Hall, Lincoln Center, New York City. 37 Project Profile: Battelle Grand, Greater Columbus Convention Center.
BUZZ
PERSPECTIVES
07 Automation Key
05 LED Insights
DOE's Manufacturer's R&D Initiative workshop nets a lot of good ideas about bringing down the price of LEDs.
One of ArchLED's first attendees integrates LEDs into a zero-energy structure up for a California chapter AIA award. By Jim Crockett
12 Cristo Redentor Rio's monumental Christ the Redeemer statue gets a transformative lighting retrofit.
14 Art and Architecture Art, LED and Architecture meet in D.C. on the new National Museum of American Jewish History.
02 • 05.11 • Architectural SSL
23
48 SSL Observed
“We need to look at the manufacturing space and determine which processes can be automated to maintain a technology base in the U.S."
When it comes to developing new products, manufacturers have to fly high enough and include daring aerial stunts to draw customers in, yet be careful of flying so high as to lose sight of the customer. By Kevin Willmorth
www.architecturalssl.com
12
FEATURES
DESIGN & PRODUCTS
16 analysis: The Conservation Imperative
40 White Pages
There's been a blind consumption of natural resources over time, yet efforts to conserve have met with less-than-inspiring results. SSL has a role in this equation, but must demonstrate it offers significant improvements in the value equation to change lighting practices. by Kevin Willmorth
Making Valid Product Comparisons.
22 ARCHITECT'S VIEW: Cultural Facilities SSL has yet to capture a starring role in most theatrical and museum applications, but its versatility is making this understudy a quick riser. by Barbara Horwitz-Bennett
42 Advances Track and retail lighting; new downlight forms; exterior area and flooding lighting; aquatic lighting.
11
Architectural SSL, Vol. 5, No. 3 (ISSN# 19418388) is published five times per year by Construction Business Media. Publication Office: Construction Business Media, 579 First Bank Drive, Suite 220, Palatine, IL 60067; 847 359 6493; www.architecturalssl.com. (Copyright © 2011 by Construction Business Media) POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Architectural SSL Magazine, 519 East Briarcliff Road, Bolingbrook, IL 60440.
28 FEATURED PROJECT: Amway Grand Plaza Color-changing SSL helped the hotel's design team transform an under-utilized area of the facility into a new revenue-generating space. by Jim Crockett
www.architecturalssl.com
Architectural SSL • 05.11 • 03
Circle 03
LEDInsights
Coµµ§∑T±R∞
NUMBER 18 • MAY 2011 www.architecturalssl.com
Gary Redmond
Managing Partner Director Publishing Operations gary@architecturalssl.com
Tim Shea
Managing Partner Director Business Development tim@architecturalssl.com
Pater Familias wonderful luminous element made of a series of glass windscreens that sprout up from the backs
Dave Pape
Vice President Director, Art & Production dave@architecturalssl.com
EDITORIAL Jim Crockett 847 359 6493
Editorial Director jimc@architecturalssl.com
Kevin Willmorth
Editor kevin@architecturalssl.com
Some of the most gratifying moments in life come from seeing one’s children, or young people one works with, accomplish good things—especially if you had some slight influence in the matter. I’m proud to have professionally experienced just such a moment.
Megan Mazzocco 847 359 6493
Associate Editor megan@architecturalssl.com
Being a magazine editor, in some ways, is like
special thanks to this issue is photographer
being a repairman. You definitely hear it when
Kevin Beswick. Kevin really helped me out of
you or your product does something wrong—and
a sticky situation with a story suggestion that
we made some mistakes in our special awards
came with terrific photography ready in hand—
issue that I absolutely heard about, and deserv-
the lobby renovation of the Amway Grand Plaza,
edly so—but in many other ways, it’s kind of a
our featured project this issue. Kevin’s website,
lonely existence, like the Maytag repairman,
by the way, in case you need a great architec-
Contributing Editors Craig DiLouie cd@architecturalssl.com Vilma Barr vilma@architecturalssl.com Barbara Horwitz-Bennett barbara@architecturalssl.com Mavis Linnemann
Copy Editor
spectacular glow which invites bus patrons into the shelter, and not only help create a structure that’s welcoming and intriguing to look at, but in combination with the automatic controls and solar power, provide a structure that’s completely self powered. Good luck Megumi, and keep using LED in such a creative way.
DESIGN & PRODUCTION Dave Pape Art Director dave@architecturalssl.com
in that you don’t receive a lot of feedback and
Lauren Lenkowski
ing my lumps, I got an email that filled me with
Associate Art Director lauren@architecturalssl.com
of the benches. Concealed LEDs provide the
Another person I want to shout out some
never really know if any of your work is doing anything for your reader. But in the midst of takpaternal pride that had nothing to do with any of my actual children. I was contacted by a young
Advertising Sales
architect-in-training, Megumi Yamanoha, with
Gary Redmond 847 359 6493 gary@architecturalssl.com
Tim Shea 847 359 6493 tim@architecturalssl.com
Indigo / Hammond + Playle Architects of Davis,
Trey Higgens 847 577 8980 trey@architecturalssl.com
Jim Oestmann 847 838 0500 jim@architecturalssl.com
project she was involved with that incorporated
Calif. Megumi attended one of the first ArchLED conferences and she wanted to share with me a solid-state lighting in connection with a public
tural photographer, is www.ppt-photographics.
transportation shelter in Vacaville, Calif.
com. Anyway, Kevin and I have been talking
David Haggett Ted Rzempoluch 847 934 9123 609 361 1733 davidh@architecturalssl.com ted@architecturalssl.com
about putting some truly interactive activity
Jim Führer 503 679 5409 jimf@architecturalssl.com subscription Inquiries There is no charge for subscriptions to qualified requestors in the U.S. All other annual subscriptions will be charged $39 for standard delivery or $55 for air mail delivery. For subscriptions, inquiries or address changes, call 630 739 0900. A Publication of Construction Business Media
Member:
I have to say this really made my day
on many levels—first it was gratifying to see
up on our website, “SSL Interactive,” by posting
someone get something out of our conference
some video of the wonderful color changing that
and actually be inspired to do something with
goes on in the lobby. So stay tuned.
that information. Second, it was great to see this
young architect and her associates take LED
sponsors, who have made it possible for us to
illumination and marry it so well to functional
mark the start of a 5th year of publication. But
architecture. Third, not only was LED integrated
please pick up the phone! I need to hear from all
into the design, it helped fulfill the team’s wishes
of you so we can craft the kind of magazine that
of constructing a net-zero energy structure. Yes!
helps you make SSL a reality.
Since this is kind of like a grandbaby,
indulge me in that I’d like to show you a picture of the project and tell you a little about it. The shelter features a roof clad with solar panels. However, instead of ho-hum overhead lighting to illuminate the seating below, the firm created a
Type and globe=PMS 485
Circular blend under globe = PMS 3025
Continents, shadow, base = Black
Finally, I want to thank our readers and
www.architecturalssl.com
Jim Crockett, editorial director
Architectural SSL • 05.11 • 05
Winner of the Lightfair Innovation Award
Award winning family of architectural track lighting solutions
Visit us at Lightfair, Booth # 1913 and HD Expo Booth # 1543
PALOMA Track Luminaires Paloma track luminaires integrate high performance architectural lighting and state of the art technology. Offering a wide range of lamp options including energy efficient LED, the Paloma series is designed to meet the most demanding specifications. Paloma’s twist and hang front cover design allows for single hand re-lamping. Cool touch precision aiming featuring 365 degree rotation and 180 degree vertical tilt ensures optimal visual comfort and performance. Paloma track luminaires accept up to three lenses and one accessory. Built in our own zero-landfill campus and backed by a five year warranty. Visit www.W2lighting.com or call 866.788.2100
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SSL BUZZ & i∑DUSTR∞ BRi§FS
Dept. of Energy R&D Workshop roadmap via DOE workshop reveals good things about the price of leds
Overall Projections/Contributions to Cost Reduction Luminaire Cost (%) Projections Through 2020
Relative Manufacturing Cost
1.0
Optics Assembly Driver Mechanical / Thermal LED Packages
0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0
2009
2010
2015
Year (2009-2020)
2015
2020
Source: DOE Manufacturing R&D Initiative, March 2011
ABOVE: As agreed upon by manufacturers participating in DOE's March Manufacturing R&D initiative, the chart
projects the percentages of cost of the various elements that make up a typical SSL luminaire over time, as well as projected costs of luminaires over the next decade. DOE and manufacturers do this exercise to target areas of improvement to bring down the ultimate cost of finished SSL products.
Table: Phosphor Manufacturing and Application An outline of project improvements to bring down the cost of phosphor in LED products µ§tRiC
2010 St±tuS
2015 t±Rg§t
Phosphor Manufacturing
Batch size (kg)
1-5
50% reduction every 2-3 years
Cost ($/kg) Material Usage Efficiency PSD-range Uniformity Duv Control
>20
50%
90%
30
10
0.012
<0.002
5
2
Phosphor application
Material Usage Efficiency
50% reduction
PSD-range Uniformity Duv Control
4
2
ABOVE: This task supports the development of improved manufacturing and improved application of phosphors
(including alternative down converters) used in solid state lighting. This could include projects focused on continuous processing of phosphors to increase production volume and manufacturing techniques to improve quality, reduce performance variation, and control particle size and morphology. The task also supports the developments of phosphor materials, application materials, and techniques which improve color consistency of the packaged LEDs and reduce the cost of LEDs without degrading LED efficacy or reliability.
A major challenge that remains a significant barrier to the greater adoption of solid-state lighting in the built environment is simply cost. The good news is that prices, due to manufacturing advances, will be coming down in the not-so-distant future. The U.S. Dept. of Energy, this past March, conducted a manufacturer’s workshop where 13 LED experts gathered to discuss priority tasks for DOE’s Manufacturing R&D initiative. The meeting commenced with “soapbox” presentations from each of the participants, followed by a general discussion to define specific work needing attention. DOE says this input will guide the organization in soliciting projects in its LED Manufacturing R&D Program during the coming year. As things stand right now, a basic LED lamp costs about $50 per klm, but experts predict prices will drop significantly, to as low as $10 per klm by 2015. Why? Improvements in manufacturing, particularly advances toward the production of 8-in. LED wafers. According to DOE’s latest report, available at http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/ pdfs/ssl/ssl-led-roundtable-report_03-10.pdf, the point of the workshop was to support the development of flexible manufacturing of stateof-the-art LED modules, light engines luminaires and luminaire components. This work could include re-tooling and automating existing luminaire manufacturing sites in the U.S. for the lower cost manufacturing of energy-saving LED-based luminaires. The automation work could also include the development of integrated LED based luminaire components more amenable to low-cost automated manufacturing. The work should demonstrate successful implementation of integrated systems design, supply chain management and quality control processes.
Highlights • Improving wafer yield was stressed throughout the event, as well as stability and quality. Z
www.architecturalssl.com
Continued on page 11
Architectural SSL • 05.11 • 07
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This year, visitors to Lightfair at the Pennsylvania Convention Center might enjoy the welcoming gesture of the new addition’s facade. During the day, it is an impressive volume of glass, but in the evening, the convention hall’s façade calls to pedestrians like a party beacon in the night. Philadelphia and Dallas-based Lighting Practice, has given the Broad Street façade a lift with the addition of color-changing LED lights. The system of diminutive tube lights remains anonymous during the day, but creates eye-catching interest after dark—even from afar. “We wanted it to be a pristine glass wall during the day but transformed at night,” says Alfred Borden, principal of the firm. The system is set up mostly for pedestrians, says Borden. “The concept behind it was to develop a graphic statement, push the Avenue of the Arts north, and enliven this part of Broad Street and to celebrate the technology inside the building,” says Borden in an interview with the Philadelphia Inquirer. The façade features 450 programmable LED tubes from Acclaim. “They can function as separate
pixels in a picture,” says Borden. “We will be able to form rough images and animate them like video.” The programmable LEDs will change to suit the occasion and make a statement about the different events hosted at the venue. The large steel canopy over the facade is also uplighted by 90 independently functioning color-changing floods; the RGB color system can create virtually any color, “so we can get some very expressive animations,” says Borden of the façade as a whole. “The system has amazing possibilities for programming images and shows.” The team also designed a system of pedestrian streetlights for streets surrounding the center, which include Broad, Arch and Race. “They are very sleek LED luminaires [Philips Lumec GPLS series] on curving custom poles,” describes Borden. “They are meant to gracefully engage the pedestrian where the building touches the streetscape.” As you descend upon Lightfair, look out for an LED light show: the most impressive display may be witnessed even before you enter the exhibit hall.•
ABOVE: The addition to the Pennsylvania Convention Center features a festive facade illuminated with 450 programmable LED tube lights from Acclaim. They can be animated at 6-in. intervals by an ETC Unison Mosaic series system.
www.architecturalssl.com
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SSLBuzz: Continued FROM page 07 Y
Courtesy of Xicato
DOE workshop cont.
Night at The Museum The Asian Gallery of the prestigious Victoria & Albert Museum in London is getting spiced up with new track type fixtures by Mike Stoane lighting. In order to save energy and improve the illumination at the sculpture gallery, museum lighting experts, DHA Designs, specified fixtures which use Xicato Spot modules rather than a traditional phosphor-on-chip LED. After DHA associate Jonathan Howard arranged a “shoot out” competition to compare the two sources, Xicato spots were chosen for their ability to deliver the right amount of theatricality and light quality within energy consumption targets. The installation, which now features fluorescent downlights and LED spots, gives more brilliance and illumination to the V&A’s Asian collection than was possible formerly considering energy consumption constraints. The January 2011 installation was well-received and a phase two in a different gallery was set for installation in March.•
ancient chinese secret: Elegant track lighting fixtures use Xicato Spot modules to deliver theatrical quality light to the dramatic statuary at the Asian Gallery at London's Victoria & Albert Museum.
www.architecturalssl.com
• Funding, for moving to larger wafers, 8-in. and beyond, should only be considered for leap-frog advancements. • Some barriers associated with 8-in. wafers are: wafer bow, performance, wavelength uniformity, wafer thickness and wafer handling. • Though GaN on Si has potential cost improvements, participants were concerned that by the time DOE funds this task, the industry will have already achieved those price points. • It was suggested that machine utilization, operational efficiency and overall utilization and availability be incorporated as metrics. From the presentations, Rich Solarz of KLA-Tencor, speaking on LED yield management, noted that increases in yield have very significant implications for cost savings. “We need to focus on reducing the yield-critical defects through the implementation of integrated photoluminescence (iPL) channels." Additionally, Solarz noted reducing such defects and implementing full wafer roughness mapping will result in better yield management, and hence manufacturing cost savings. In fact, he said reduced defects on 4-in. wafers have resulted in a 10.7% savings relating to chips. “We have tools coming out that look at micro pits and can look at wafers and send back ones that are not worth growing on. If this inspection process is done manually, yield-limiting defect levels can take several weeks compared to automated tools which can detect these in one day.” Rainer Beccard, Aixtron, stressed that it is “essential” that manufacturers begin the conversion to larger wafers. The conversion from 2-in. to 6-in. wafers, he said, offers a 30% throughput improvement without adding extra cost. Furthermore, when looking at the potential for conversion to 8-in. wafers and beyond the technology is already there. “There are issues with the substrate, but we also need to determine whether there is a need to go to wafers of this size,” he said. One workshop participant noted that the community needs 8-in. GaN on silicon. The
industry can take care of the move from 2- to 3-in. and 4- to 5-in, but needs funding for “a game-changing” size increase. Elsewhere, Vivek Agrawal of Applied Materials, in addressing key specifications and jobs, focused on binning, noting considerable expense is involved in the supply chain in managing LED non-uniformity. But impressive gains in the past five years have been made to reduce the size of bins due to both improved process uniformity and epi tools. That said, he said the industry needs to focus on driving electronics pricing down through various LED improvements including—higher luminous flux, higher QE, smaller chip size, fewer chips, and potentially the development of power electronics on GaN. There was good news on the job front, as these improvements should translate to more U.S. facilities. “Manufacturing jobs historically move closer to the customer and the growth of foreign LED manufacturers [number and size] poses a long-term risk to well-paying U.S. manufacturing jobs in this sector,” said Agrawal. “Therefore, U.S. policy must drive not only LED adoption in the U.S., but help U.S. LED manufacturers compete financially as well as technologically.” To achieve this, he suggested the U.S. should recognize manufacturing centers of excellence, provide subsidies for LED manufacturers and tool makers that are competitive with foreign governments and provide educational grants focused on LED manufacturing. Fred Maxik, with the Lighting Science Group, agreed, noting automation is key. “We need to look at the manufacturing space and determine which processes can be automated to maintain a technology base in the U.S.” Tack time, particularly, needs to move to directly placing LEDs on substrate while eliminating extra stuff. “We also need to consider how we could attach LEDs to different materials which could reduce tack time upwards of 30%-40%. This would also reduce the cost of the lamp,” said Maxik. •
Architectural SSL • 05.11 • 11
exterior illumination: monumental lighting
Are you ready to make the leap? Jump is the first high performance architectural luminaire to integrate LEDs with innovative optics and advanced controls. Subtle textures and rhythmic patterns combine with revolutionary technology to create a seamless continuum of luminance.
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LEDs Get Religion Have you made your decision for LEDs? Well, the community of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil certainly has. With the help of solid-state lighting technology, it's famous larger-than-life Christ the Redeemer statue—that gestures blessings on all from the very richest Cariocas (Rio de Janeiros) to the favelados (shack-dwellers)—has experienced a transfiguration of sorts. In a partnership with Osram, Traxon Technologies and e:cue lighting control, a new an intelligent lighting system has been put in place, consisting of 260 Traxon Wall Washer Shield AC XB RGB and CW fixtures, as well as 40 Linear Shield AC XB-27 RGB fixtures with specially focused optics. The e:cue control system allows for each fixture in the installation to be independently aimed and adjusted. Unveiled March 1, 2011, the effect is a gleaming oasis of color with a light intensity that
brilliantly illuminates the intricate details of the art deco statue—even the Pope in Rome sent a letter to commemorate the occasion of the lighting renovation’s unveiling ceremony. With support from the archdiocese and the city of Rio de Janeiro, Osram will be responsible for maintaining the new installation for two years.•
ABOVE: Rio de Janeiro's Christ the Redeemer Statue has a new look at night thanks to Traxon Technologies & e:cue lighting control. More than 250 Wall Washer and Linear Shield fixtures efficiently light the monumental statue. In partnership with the Catholic Archdiocese and the city, Osram will monitor the installation over the next two years.
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jump_ssl_0311_thirdvertical.indd 1
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Liberty & Justice [& LEds] for all A lighting revolution took place and the Liberty Science Center in Jersey City, N.J., where 1,500 of 1,700 inefficient incandescent bulbs were replaced with LEDs as part of an expansion and renewal project in 2007. Cree LRP-38 LED spotlights, specifically designed for displays, such as those in museum environments, were installed. Emitting virtually no UV rays, the light preserves artifacts and they also let off significantly less heat than their incandescent predecessors, reducing strain on the HVAC system. Statistically, the lighting renovation will reduce the museum's power consumption by nearly 625,000 kilowatthours and the museum projects it will save up to $120,000 per year in energy and maintenance costs.•
ABOVE: Imagine replacing 1,500 incandescent bulbs with LED sources; the daunting task was no match for the determination of the Liberty Science Center, where LED PAR-style lamps save the museum $120,000 in annual operational costs.
www.architecturalssl.com
P 800-621-3376 • F 847-588-3440 E info@sternberglighting.com • www.sternberglighting.com Circle 09
7/
SSLBuzz: public art: building integrated leds
Freedom Rings The recent opening of the National Museum of American Jewish History on the National Mall represents a chapter in the history of the Capitol and in the continuing chronicles of LEDs. The design team, led by architect James Polshek of Ennead Architects tells a story of Jews in America. The saga is partially begun from the outside, where visitors will take note of sculptures: Religious Liberty (c.1876) and Beacon, (c.2010). The latter, an LED sculpture by artist Ben Rubin features the form of an undulating book. It is located in the uppermost corner of the glass façade. Inspired by the Talmud, one of the central texts of Judaism, the artist’s blog notes the piece represents a vital conversation that has taken place over centuries. Rubin explains that the primary text is surrounded by layers of commentary, dissent, and counter-argument, all arranged in concentric layers around the passage.•
Photo courtesy of Ennead Architects
layered look: “Beacon animates the Talmud by transforming each page into simple luminous shapes,” says artist Ben Rubin. It is an illuminated three-dimensional animation of the book’s construction showing a bright center with surroundings in a continual state of flux.
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marketanalysis
solid-state lightingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s role in...
THE conservation IMPERATIVE We have a long history of blind consumption of natural resources. When a material is found useful, it is rapidly hunted, dug, drilled or cut into with abandon. This continues until whatever it was is gone or so decimated that chasing it any further is no longer economical. Conservation is a solution, and can even be considered a source of power. SSL has a role in this equation, as every watt saved is multiplied at the rate of lighting customer growth world wide. But SSL did not create a demand for efficiency. Rather it serves a demand already in play. SSL and conservation, however, ultimately, remain prisoners of economic considerations.
16 â&#x20AC;˘ 05.11 â&#x20AC;˘ Architectural SSL
www.architecturalssl.com
marketanalysis
By Kevin Willmorth, contributing writer
Regardless of contrary intellec-
logic. Conservation requires
This is why there are laws dictat-
to this, nomadic movement of small
tual conversation, human over-
purposeful restraint and sacrifice
ing sustainable behavior, environ-
populations over large geographic
exploitation of natural resources is
of instant gratification and explo-
mental protection and throttling of
ranges produced minimal impact,
hard to dismiss as it's been proven
sive wealth buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;to preserve
exploitative activities, while none
while agrarian survival demanded
by thousands of years of humanity
future availability and potential
are required to encourage blind con-
land stewardship for success.
in action. This is also the core of
in a longer view. In the minds of
sumption. Expanding populations,
resistance to conservation, and why
exploiters, anything left behind can
coupled with industrialization, have
scious dynamic of these early
saving energy or natural resources
be grabbed up by competitors while
conspired to amplify the impact of
forms of humanity. Conversely,
face challenges that defy objective
slow growth equates to lost profit.
human consumptive nature. Prior
the industrial revolution created
www.architecturalssl.com
Conservation was an uncon-
Architectural SSL â&#x20AC;˘ 05.11 â&#x20AC;˘ 17
marketanalysis
an unprecedented appetite for energy, compounded by massive consumption of natural resources to feed factories raw materials for conversion to profitable products. The combination of lower-cost goods, expanding wealth and exploding populations amplifies the potential for destruction.
Conscientious conservation is more than a
“green,” “liberal” or “special” interest, it is a necessary recognition that there is a need to reign in the negative impacts of industry and human impact. Without this, humanity’s existence is limited to the moment when necessary raw materials have been depleted, and the environment is damaged beyond recovery. Active conservation is the transformation of industrialization to a more sustainable state that is necessary to secure the future of humanity.
Do Look Back Nothing illustrates the blindness of commerce better than the years between 1780 and 1880, where whale populations were hunted into near extinction for oil to light factories and lubricate machines. Whale oil was then considered a
gasses, radiation or soil erosion. It has no smell
superior “illuminant” as tallow candles and ker-
and is relatively safe, compared to cans filled
new technology frontiers
osene extracted from coal were far dirtier and
with liquid fuel or pipes of pressurized gas.
less efficient. Demand for artificial illumination
required greater and greater volumes of oil.
for wires, while luminaire costs remained
Whalers chased and butchered these creatures
unchanged, delivering lower operating costs,
up and down the coasts, often on voyages last-
improved safety and new levels of convenience
ing three years, until the frigid Arctic remained
with minimal pain of adoption. It is no wonder
the final standoff. Conservation of resources
that electrification swept developed nations
to insure future success was not considered,
more rapidly than any other technology prior.
period. This also represents the first time that
University of Illinois Professor Nick Holonyak holds a prototype of one of his latest SSL breakthroughs, the LET—light emitting transistor. New SSL developments, unlike most conventional lighting, offer the potential for significant improvements necessary to produce the economic transformation required to realize a significant advancement of conservation in lighting practice. Photo: Mark Katzman; courtesy of College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
artificial lighting presented a real threat to an
electricity masks the reality that it remains
environment.
a product of fossil fuels, nuclear reaction and
significant environmental impact from changes
Ironically, what saved the remainder of
the whale population was the discovery of
Electric lighting changed gas pipes
However, the apparent cleanliness of
in the flow of large rivers.
“rock oil,” or petroleum, in 1850. This energy source, compared to the cost of whaling vessels
the Next Transformation
and crews, was far easier to obtain, produced
Seemingly, the next logical transformation
cheap kerosene for lighting, and was a superior
is renewable energy. But while renewable
lubricant. But fuel-based lighting would be short
energy offers the promise of mitigating the
lived as the invention of electric-powered light
direct destructive impact of energy resources,
provided at least a superficial appearance of
it demands its own form of sacrifice to create
cleanliness compared to the mess and pollution
the hardware necessary, and is persistently
associated with petroleum production. Compara-
expensive to build and operate. So in truth,
tively, electricity itself creates no smoke, waste
there is no such thing as impact-free energy. All
18 • 05.11 • Architectural SSL
www.architecturalssl.com
marketanalysis
lighting the way
Every watt saved by technology does matter, for as long as energy demand continues to grow, conserving energy can be considered a source of power. Minneapolis is doing its part in illuminating six train station platforms over a 40-mi. stretch from the city to Big Lake with BetaLED round area luminaires on 15-ft. spider-mount posts. Image courtesy of BetaLED
energy produced imparts some form of damage
LEDs today—and possibly OLED, light emitting
or resource depletion, and comes at a cost. In
transistor (LET), and organic light-emitting tran-
this, the only “clean” approach is conservation—
sistor (OLET) technologies, in the near future—
the act of cutting the demand that creates the
offer the potential of significant improvements
need for production. That being said, energy
necessary to produce the economic transforma-
conservation in relation to lighting has been
tion required to realize a significant advance-
pursued since the 1970s, when the explosion in
ment of conservation in lighting practice.
global energy use created a renewed focus on
the details of the effort involved. From evalua-
researched by one of the fathers of LEDs,
tion of appropriate light levels and application
University of Illinois Professor Nick Holo-
of controls for the reduction of over-lighting, to
nyak Jr., along with Professor Milton Weng,
energy code development, realistic expectations
involves the use of transistors to produce light.
and standards of practice have been created
Instead of a standard two-port construction,
as a necessary effort to reign in unnecessary
the U of I's researchers' device features three
consumption.
ports: an input, output and optical output. The
light intensity of the device, according to the
Technology, including SSL, does have a role.
For the record, LET technology, being
Every watt saved by technology and practices is
university's news bureau, can be controlled by
multiplied at the rate of growth in new lighting
varying the base current (www.news.illinois.edu/
customers worldwide. As long as energy demand
news/04/0105LET.html).
continues to grow, conserving energy can be
Past energy resource development sought to exploit cheap fuel sources sold in gallons, cubic feet and kilowatts. Now, products that deliver the same work with less energy—and less impact—are equally viable.
considered a source of power, as it decreases the
payback in its place
rate of growth, increasing the efficiency of the
While new technology development is essential,
entire system.
economics dictate that a new product or technol-
After standards and practices, the next
ogy must deliver a new value that is equated by
level of improvement is realized from harvesting
the customer to be worth any premium associ-
technologies that deliver the most effective light
ated with it.
for the least energy. Past energy resource devel-
opment sought to exploit cheap fuel sources
back analysis. The number of years a customer is
sold in gallons, cubic feet and kilowatts. Now,
willing to allow for payback of a premium invest-
products that deliver the same work with less
ment is a direct indicator of the level of interest
energy—and less impact—are equally viable.
to invest in conserving energy over realizing
the lowest possible first cost. The shorter the
However, focus on simple operating costs as
In lighting, this manifests itself as a pay-
chief qualifier for adoption of new technologies
payback, the more short sighted the customer.
and approaches remains as strong as ever. With
few exceptions, placing cost over sustainability
delivering 12 or more years of useful life, to a
remains the single largest roadblock to realizing
two-year payback demand, indicates a lack of
significant progress in conservation. Overcom-
real interest in the long-term issues of energy
ing this barrier requires a significant enough
use and conservation. Recent polls reflect this
change in the cost/performance equation to
short view, with top-level decision makers claim-
make implementation unavoidable.
ing an interest in conservation and low-impact
products, while remaining resistant to paying
Ironically, this is exactly the same formula
For example, holding a new technology
that existed in the transformation from oil and
for this new value.
gas to electric lighting. Regardless of academic
ideology, conservation remains a prisoner of
balance between cost and perceived value. At
economic considerations, a dynamic unlikely to
current performance levels, LED products now
change in any free market.
produce the efficiencies of all but the highest
While conventional technologies have
performing fluorescent and HID sources, and far
matured and continue to improve incrementally,
exceed that of incandescent and halogen. Unfor-
they are played out as a source of significant
tunately, until very recently, the cost premium
future gains. Solid-state lighting in the form of
over conventional sources has been so high
Solid-state lighting is fighting a battle of
www.architecturalssl.com Architectural SSL • 05.11 • 19
marketanalysis
that payback periods were unacceptably long to
ground while conventional offerings remain
the market’s customers. This is changing at an
flat or continue to decline. The transformation
exponential rate. As the range of new products
from glass technologies to solid-state is indeed
expands, the technology costs improve, and
under way, albeit at a much slower pace than
performance is proven, the economic scales are
technology providers are accustomed to. This
finally tilting in solid-state’s direction. However,
has become evident in every lighting conven-
the path to a significant large-scale transfor-
tion, from Light+Build to Lightfair. Even setting
mation remains longer and more difficult than
aside the obvious purpose of trade shows to
early technology providers had predicted. The
showcase new product and excite customers,
lighting market has proven to be persistent in its
the shift toward solid-state continues to be
consideration of costs over value, and hesitant
strong and obvious.
to invest in promises made by new entries into
the market space.
weak, activities advancing concerns and actions
to promote conservation have remained strong.
Solid-state did not create a demand for
Even though the general market has been
energy efficiency, it serves a demand that was
There has been a significant shift in attitude
already in play. Further, solid-state technol-
from long held views that energy efficiency
ogy entered the lighting market at a time when
was a necessary evil, to a growing vision that
economic conditions were particularly poor.
conservation and sustainable practice is a real
Compared to the boom of activity at the turn of
marketable opportunity. Investment in efficient
the 20th century, which fueled a wide range of
products, alternative energy sources, and solid-
exploitations and innovative cycles from elec-
state lighting continues to grow, as does interest
tricity to automotive—solid-state lighting came
the end product.
to a building industry that has been softened by
three decades of recession and slump, in a slow
blind to the impact of its continued growth in
global economy. The building market has seen
consumption of natural resources, there has
its raw construction costs escalate at a rate
been significant progress toward more sustain-
greater than its customer appetite to pay. The
able approaches. When a technology is proven
result is a general “cheapening” of buildings, the
useful in economically reducing energy con-
emergence of contractor-controlled design-build
sumption, it is now applied with enthusiasm.
vs. specifier-controlled design-bid activity, and
Conservation is evolving from an academic
the weakening of demand for new construction,
altruistic concept to the mainstream in a slow,
while existing building owners suffer from low
but steady evolution of market behavior. As
occupancy rates.
solid-state products emerge that deliver lower
energy cost, at a justifiable cost, resistance to
Regardless of negative market influencers,
While humanity, for the most part, remains
the market enthusiasm for solid-state products
conservation is reduced. Solid-state lighting did
makes it a real and tangible opportunity. This
not create the demand for energy efficiency, nor
has created a flood of speculative marketers,
did it start the movement toward conservation
hoping to tap into a rich vein of lighting market
and sustainability. However, all of these positive
gold, with the same passion and blind faith
efforts are advanced as solid-state technology
enthusiasm that doomed gold rush miners.
improves and becomes more viable as a replace-
However, solid-state products that deliver a
ment for conventional technologies that have
real economic advantage are gaining ground in
reached the point of diminishing return. More
an otherwise lackluster market. Manufacturers
importantly, this advancing of technology pres-
who offer both conventional and LED products
ents an exciting frontier in an otherwise banal
are now experiencing gains in solid-state prod-
market. There are significant rewards to be
uct sales that offset what has been a steady
realized by those who are able to create the right
decline in conventional product sales. Even as
combination of value and price, for a market that
the market slowly crawls out of it latest bout
is growing to realize that conservation is the
with recession, solid-state products are gaining
path to a more prosperous future.•
20 • 05.11 • Architectural SSL
There has been a significant shift in attitude from long held views that energy efficiency was a necessary evil, to a growing vision that conservation and sustainable practice is a real marketable opportunity.
Doing their part
Renewable energy, including solar, is an enigma in that in that it seems the next logical step in the conservation imperative, yet costs have prevented mass installations. There are exceptions, such as the Queens, N.Y. facility of kitchen and bathroom distributor Davis and Warshaw, where 1038 panels make it one of the city's largest, private solar installations. Image: Davis and Warshaw.
www.architecturalssl.com
SHINE
Rely on UL to keep you on the leading edge of lighting innovation. As technology evolves, so does UL, advancing safety, lighting performance and energy e≤ciency in new and necessary ways. UL’s century of experience provides thought leadership, R&D expertise and the confidence and peace of mind you deserve. Specify UL to make lighting shine.
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Circle 12
ARCHITECT’S VIEW
Highly Cultured LED Solid-state lighting is gaining a foothold in the museum and theater illumination niche.
By Barbara Horwitz-Bennett, contributing writer
While SSL lighting applications
damaging UV wavelengths; and the
afford in their lighting package,”
remaining dark for more than
in theater and museum venues
benefit of reduced power consump-
says Livingston. “They want to get
20 years until the SmithGroup
have yet to capture a starring role,
tion with increased light output.
their hands on it, experiment with
came along to update the space.
their versatility, reduced main-
According to Emily Klingensmith,
it and allow their artists to work
“Our lighting approach was in the
tenance and special effects have
IALD, LC, LEED AP, and a principal
with these tools.”
spirit of Saarinen’s approach—
helped earn them a respectable
with Schuler Shook, Chicago, the
utilize today’s cutting-edge lighting
place in the playbill. “We currently
compact-size of the light sources
cultural project teasers showcas-
technology—white LEDs—to bring
have LED lighting solutions in quite
are also handy in small, hard-to-
ing how and why SSL trumped
the coffers to light once again,” says
a few performing arts centers and
reach spots, such as coves or dis-
conventional technology.
Jeff Gerwing, IALD, LC, IESNA, LEED
are starting to use them more and
play cases. Furthermore, she says,
more in this type of setting, partic-
most theaters and museums only
Cranbook Art Museum
designer, SmithGroup, Detroit.
ularly for linear applications, the-
require low to moderate ambient
Bloomfield Hills, Mich.
ater house lighting, step lighting
lighting levels, which lies within
and feature lighting,” says Carrie
LED’s capabilities.
One of the most interesting light-
Fortunately, the SmithGroup had
Hawley, an associate principal with
ing features that Eliel Saarinen
collaborated with Philips Color
the Boston office of Horton Lees
efits, Jason Livingston LC IES IALD,
employed in his original design of
Kinetics in the past and decided to
Brogden Lighting Design.
principal, Studio T+L, Theatre
the Cranbrook Art Museum in 1942
bring their coffer concept to the
Consultants + Lighting Designers,
were coffers illuminated by the
manufacturer and came away with
Matt Alleman, LC, LEED AP, a light-
Brooklyn, N.Y., sees progressive
newest technology of the time—
a working product. As the museum
ing designer with the SmithGroup,
theater companies embracing LED
fluorescent lamps. These sources
nears completion of its renovation
Detroit, notes SSL appeals to him
for its cutting-edge reputation.
served as both functional lighting
and program space additions, it
in such settings for a number of
“I’ve had some forward-thinking
and as a transitional cue. Over time,
will be among the largest museum
reasons: its ability to dim without
theater managers who specifically
the lights began malfunctioning
installations featuring white LED
shifting color; the elimination of
want as many LEDs as they can
and were eventually shut down,
for general ambient lighting.
As for the museum scene,
22 • 05.11 • Architectural SSL
But beyond the practical ben-
Following are a handful of
AP, principal and senior lighting But there was a catch—the
fixtures they needed didn’t exist.
www.architecturalssl.com
ARCHITECT’S VIEW
with white linear LED fixtures, concealed behind scoop-shaped cutouts behind each panel. “These ‘scoops’ provide a soft glow above and below each panel, and highlight the raw, rough texture of the concrete. This adds visual interest and balance to the wall composition,” explains Klingensmith.
But besides the visual effect,
Schuler Shook, could not identify another light source that met the unique spatial and performance constraints with minimal maintenance. “LEDs were chosen because of their ability to have custom fixture lengths, long life, small size, soft/broad distribution and good performance in cold weather,” notes Klingensmith. Jersey Boys Theatre Las Vegas
San Diego State University, San Diego, Calif.
Boston Symphony Hall, Boston, Mass.
While creating a colorful, dramatic environment for the three-story lobby of the LEED Silver certified Jersey Boys Theatre, SSL promised the energy savings, lamp life, flexibility and warm color that lighting designer, Kaplan Gehring
Liberty Science Center
not impact the guest experience,
McCarroll Architectural Lighting,
Jersey City, New Jersey
relates Hercel. But once this issue
was seeking. “Based on the LEED
was resolved, the circulation space,
certification requirements, we
Home to the nation’s largest IMAX
back of house and exhibit lighting
had to look at sources other than
dome theater, the Liberty Science
were all relamped. Consequently,
the standard neon or cold cathode
Center, Jersey City, N.J., recently
incandescent 90-watt PAR38 bulbs
used in coves,” says Martin van
Below:
underwent a major lighting
were replaced with 12-watt Cree
Koolbergen, AIA, IALD, LC, LEED AP,
This close-up of the Boston Sympony’s lighting upgrade shows the concealed LEDs uplighting both the statue niches and the clerestory windows. Photo: Peter
upgrade where 1,500 incandescent
LRP-38 LED spotlights, 60-watt
partner with the El Segundo, Calif.-
bulbs weer retrofitted with LED
incandescents made way for
based lighting design firm.
lighting fixtures. “We chose LED
11-watt LEDs, and 50-watt MR16s
because it promised the best return
were replaced by 5.5-watt LEDs.
form to the radius of some of these
Vanderwalker/Philips Color Kinetics
on investment and greatest energy
above
SSL was the obvious solution implemented by Horton Lees Brogden for hard-to-reach coves at Boston Symphony Hall. Photo: Peter Vanderwalker/Philips Color Kinetics
architectural features, linear “LED
savings,” explains Dennis Hercel,
Illinois Holocaust Museum &
became the obvious solution,” says
the center’s director of facilities.
Education Center, Skokie, Ill.
van Koolbergen.
In fact, the interactive museum
www.architecturalssl.com
Furthermore, in order to con-
GE’s Tetra Power White LEDs
anticipates saving close to 625,000
At the new Holocaust Museum
were placed inside the wall planes
kilowatt-hours annually. Combined
in suburban Chicago, a curved
as well as the undulating ceiling
with maintenance savings, this will
exterior memorial—the Righteous
reveals to provide ambient lighting
potentially translate into $120,000
Christians Wall—is clad with
between the lobby and theater
returned to the bottom line.
galvanized steel panels laser cut
entrance. In the curved cove sof-
with dozens of names of people
fits, he used Philips Color Kinetics
as the facility staff had to con-
who risked their lives during the
color-changing grazers to backlight
vince the in-house designers and
Holocaust to help Jews escape
a three-story hanging metal-mesh
curators that the change would
the Nazis. The wall is backlit
curtain.
Initially, SSL was a tough sell
Architectural SSL • 05.11 • 23
Liberty Science Center, Jersey City, N.J.
above + below:
The Liberty Science Center in Jersey City, N.J. recently swapped out 1,500 incandescent bulbs with LED lighting for an anticipated annual energy and maintenance savings of $120,000. 1,500 of Cree’s 12W LRP-38 display LED lights (below) replaced 90W incandescent PAR38 bulbs at the Liberty Science Center. Rated at 50,000 hours and emitting little heat and virtual no UV rays, the AC load is reduced and the museum’s priceless objects are better protected. Photos: Cree
low maintenance was also a prior-
Radio’s New York stations, 8,000
Koolbergen’s colleague, Kristy
As for the wall grazers,
ity met by the technology.
LED nodes embedded in the side
Benner, LC, LEED AP, says they had
walls, curved ceiling panels and
originally looked into using a series
ETC control system, which adjusts
upstage wall help create an experi-
of PAR downlights with color filters
the levels before, during and after
ence that immerses the audience.
that could shift on and off, “but
each performance to create the
The theater is controlled by a
this grazer was perfect because
desired moods with a lighting load
media server that mixes color,
it saved energy, could saturate
that’s 1.5 watts per sq. ft.
texture and video images. “We
Lighting is controlled by an
colors and had the punch and beam
wanted to be able to give each
spread to illuminate the full wall
P.C. Richard & Son Theater
performance’s lighting designer
from the top.”
New York City
the ability, not just to control the
With the fixtures located 40
look of the stage, but to have it
ft. in the air, and behind a heavy
For the P.C. Richard & Son Theater,
completely envelope the audience,”
architectural metal-mesh curtain,
a private venue for Clear Channel
says T+L’s Livingston.
24 • 05.11 • Architectural SSL
www.architecturalssl.com
ARCHITECT’S VIEW
behind the performer and then fanned out to walls is very exciting.
On the control side, a number
of systems, including a stage lighting control console, light manager device and a video server, are all networked to send signals to the LED nodes throughout the venue. Boston Symphony Hall Boston, Mass. When Boston Symphony Hall decided to open 14 semicircular clerestory windows which had been shut since the bomb scares of World War II, Horton Lees Brogden suggested uplighting inside the windows to highlight the arch’s detailed trim. In these difficultto-reach spaces, LEDs turned out to be a great option on account of their long life, low profile and dimming abilities.
“We mounted 4-ft.-long,
Philips Color Kinetics eW Cove Powercore fixtures with 2800K warm color temperature at the base of each window, away from the glass to conceal it from view. In addition, a 2-in.-high wood fascia, painted to match the surrounding trim, was added along the sill to mask any fixture brightness from audience sight lines,” explains HLB’s Hawley.
Jersey Boys Theater, Las Vegas
In a second application, a
Graze Powercore product was specified to backlight 16 Green and Roman plaster statue replicas flanking the concert hall on both Initially, Livingston’s lighting
be designed with LEDs without
sides. “We also wanted to light up
above:
design team considered using cold
purchasing LED panels. “We talked
the niches where the statues stood,
Because of LEED energy requirements and the unusual architecture of the space, including the need to illuminate the metal-mesh curtains that are suspended from three stories above, designers from Kaplan Gehring McCarroll Architectural Lighting found linear LED fixtures an “obvious solution.” Photo: GE
cathode for the ceiling panels, but
to the folks at Color Kinetics, who
and with LED, the light distribution
there weren’t enough dimmers
had actually installed a string
was perfect, and installation was
to support it. “With LED, all we
of LEDs on a floor behind some
simple since the fixture connected
needed was a relay, and once we
plexiglass in their showroom. We
directly to line voltage.”
decided to go with LED in the ceil-
did a series of mock-ups and at the
ing, it made sense to go with LED
end of the day, were able to get
merely a convenient solution, but
for the walls,” he says.
everybody on board with the idea,”
practically a requirement. Essen-
he says.
tially, the installers had to build
per-sq.-ft. cost of a traditional
scaffolding to install the fixtures,
screen was way beyond the budget,
offer high resolution, the projec-
so naturally any type of bulb
so the team began brainstorming
tion is visible, and the effect it helps
requiring frequent re-lamping was
about whether a video wall could
create when an image is projected
completely out of the question.
www.architecturalssl.com
As for the video screen, the
Although the screen doesn’t
For this project, SSL was not
Architectural SSL • 05.11 • 25
ARCHITECT’S VIEW
All LED lighting systems are
tied into an ETC remote dimming panel, which is integrated into the larger theatre control system. Connected to a low voltage dimming module, the LED fixtures, as part of the house lighting, are fully dimmable by the theater’s control system. Krannert Center for the Performing Arts, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign In a major lobby re-lamping retrofit at University of Illinois’ Krannert Center for the Performing Arts, 625 incandescents were recently replaced with 578 Gotham Renaissance Vivia, color-chaning LED luminaires from Acuity Brands. The lighting upgrade is anticipated to slash energy consumption by close to 460 million watts, and combined with maintenance savings, equate
P.C. Richard & Son Theater, New York
to $70,000 in annual savings. But besides energy efficiency, the system’s color capabilities were a big boon. Previously, whenever colored lighting was desired for the vari-
SSL is making to the theater and
may not be ready for most LEDs,”
ous performances or special lobby
museum lighting scene, the biggest
says Klingensmith.
above:
functions which the University
obstacle to LED’s fuller implemen-
would host, Krannert facilities staff
tation is cost. Typically triple the
seen a few white LED products
spent countless hours inserting
price of conventional lighting,
with a CRI as high as 95, and these
multi-colored theatrical gels, by
many building owners have a hard
are starting to be used in these
hand, into individual light fixtures
time getting past first cost.
applications on a limited basis.
Studio T+L used 8,000 colored LED nodes, embedded in the walls, ceiling and video screen of New York City’s PC Richard & Son Theater to create an immersive viewing experience. Photo: John Brandon
for basic lighting. Now, with the
luminaires ability to project a
LEDs are currently capable of
dimming and CRI as impediments
full spectrum of color, controlled
meeting the high-performance
to LEDs’ growth and questions
by Acuity’s Gotham Renaissance
requirements of these light-
whether they will ever completely
Rhapsody Color Management Sys-
sensitive venues. “Museums
replace incandescents for certain
tem, the toolbox of coloring options
and theaters have traditionally
applications.
is overflowing with color intensity,
utilized halogen and incandescent
cross-fading and rainbow washes
sources because of their full-range
are impressed with the solutions
Philips Color Kinetics’ iColor Flex SL was used to help create the exciting, experiential effect at PC Richard & Son Theater. Pictured here is the nextgeneration, iColor Flex MX, which is three times brighter than its predecessor. Photo:
to name a few.
dimming and good color rendering
continuously coming to the mar-
Philips Color Kinetics
Yet another redeeming
Another concern is whether
At the same time, she has
Similarly, Livingston sees
On the other hand, many
abilities,” says Klingensmith.
ketplace, and are confident in the
feature of the fixtures are the fact
ability of LED manufacturers to
that they are square shaped, which
from LED-to-LED are starting to
continue rising to the challenge.
turned out to be a perfect fit for the
improve, she says, but for the most
Center’s corrugated-like ceiling,
part, however, she says she has not
continues to fall and manufac-
previously illuminated by square-
seen LEDs that truly have smooth,
turers develop new technology
baffle incandescent fixtures.
consistent, full-range dimming.
to address these final stumbling
“So in spaces where full-range
blocks, I believe LED will become as
LED’s Next Act
dimming is paramount, LEDs aren’t
prevalent in museum settings as
Although these projects demon-
quite ready. Likewise, areas that
halogen lamps are today,” con-
strate the unique contribution that
require excellent color rendering
cludes Alleman.•
26 • 05.11 • Architectural SSL
CRI and color consistency
Miller/Philips Color Kinetics below:
“As the cost of LED fixtures
www.architecturalssl.com
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Circle 13
F§±TUR§D PRoj§Ct
Amway Grand Plaza Grand Rapids, Mich. Owner: Amway Corp. Interior Designer: Concept Design Group, Grand Rapids, Mich. Lighting Design: WPF Engineering, Belmont, Mich. LED product manufacturers: Boca Flasher (linear cove), Citadel (orbital chandeliers), Khundali (globe pendants), Nicolaudie (controls) Text: Jim Crockett Photography: Kevin Beswick The Challenge: Renovate and convert a second-floor space that formerly housed the hotel’s Grand Gallery into an area more suited for pre-function events that could range from a black-tie cocktail hour to a more casual gathering associated with a conference. In doing so, the interior design team, Concept Design Group, was charged with creating a focal point that would better integrate the two disparate structures that make up the Grand Plaza: the historic Pantlind hotel, which opened in 1913, and a 22-story tower, constructed in the 1980s. According to Michael Van Schelven, vice president of Concept Design Group, the preexisting pre-event area was too small and narrow for the size of events that were occurring in the adjacent ballroom the renovated space was to serve. The design team also wanted to alter much of the ‘80s décor, principally a structural space-frame just above the stairs of the main first-floor entry.
This ancillary area of the hotel received a new programmatic mission: become a prefunction area to complement events in the main ballrooms. The way it would serve these often-changing events was to illuminate the space in color-changing LED.
The Solution: The team covered the space frame above the stairs creating a sort of reverse-terrace, but Van Schelven wanted a more dynamic solution than “just drywall.” The team’s electrical engineer and lighting designer, Amy Zeboor, principal of WPF Engineering, pitched the idea of illuminating the “terrace” with color-changing LED lighting.
28 • 05.11 • Architectural SSL
“Originally, we were just going to have recessed can fixtures, but Amy offered us quite an inspiration,” says Van Schelven. Zeboor noted it was a group decision, as she had been thinking about some kind of cove solution the whole time, when someone, at some point, mentioned color “and it just kind of grew from there.”
www.architecturalssl.com
Amway Grand Plaza Amway Grand Plaza Hotel, Grand Rapids, Mich.
LED, became the obvious solution, but not without some trepidations. “The big issue is would the LEDs be able to throw the light with the power and saturation we desired, as the light had to reach all the way across to each panel,” says Zeboor, who added a lot of early LEDs were kind of “wimpy,” and more like neon in that aspect. “If we were
www.architecturalssl.com
Why color? The interesting thing about choosing to go the color route in a space such as the Amway Grand Plaza, according to Zeboor, is that it really is dependent on the ultimate space, and what the owner and interior designer or architect want to do. For example, there’s a new restaurant currently under design for the hotel, and Zeboor says there’s discussion of a red ceiling. If that ends up being the case, she feels there’s a strong argument for employing colored LED, as in this instance, the deep saturation of red against red can really make for stunning color. But without that decision, and more importantly, being able to have input on that decision, she says, lighting designers simply can’t determine one way or another if a space should have color or not. For the main space of the hotel, there was definitely an esprit de corp among the whole team, including the hotel staff. Van Schelven notes there were some initial trepidations, as no one wanted anything hokey to detract from the historic hotel. “The mock-ups were critical to this process,” says Van Schelven. “Not only did they help convey what the final result would look like, but they also demonstrated the almost limitless options that were available.” Ultimately, it was the guest experience that mattered the most. Van Schelven is pleased with the results. “The surprise on people’s faces is just wonderful,” he says. “People, frankly, don’t expect the color to change, and when it does, it’s just a very pleasant experience.”
going to do this we needed to do it bold and do it right,” says Zeboor. Based on performance and price, the team selected Boca Flasher’s HPLSCCS RGB small profile strip fixtures, where Zeboor employed approximately 72 of the 3-ft. end-to-end fixtures that were daisy chained with low-voltage cable.
Architectural SSL • 05.11 • 29
even More LED Besides the color-changing RGB cove lighting, WPF chose graceful custom LED globe pendants from Khundali. Two reasons the lighting designer chose LED for decorative sources in this 24/7 area was: a) because of maintenance; and b) they didn’t want to have to constantly shut off the overhead accent lighting when the various color-changing scenes were in operation. The LEDs can also be dimmed in concert with any colorchanging scenes.
The Right Tools In addition to an interactive team on the same page, Zeboor says successful SSL projects require the right products for the situation. For example, besides, performance and price, the thin profile of the Boca Flasher fixture played a major role in the specification as it had to fit in the cove. She had evaluated other products, even more well-established RGB fixtures, but had to rule them out simply because more boxy-styled fixtures wouldn’t have worked. It was the same in the case of the control system where Zeboor went with the “KISS” principle as the hotel staff needed to be involved in how they wanted the color changing to work and how they wished to be trained. As a result, she implemented a straightforward, and reasonably inexpensive, system. “It’s [the Stick system] very intuitive, small—fitting into the wall like a light switch—and works somewhat like an iPhone in that you have a slider to adjust the degree of color desired,” says Zeboor. It’s also fairly easy to program and can be done with a standard laptop to produce simple commands, such as right to left, rear to front, front to back, all a single color, fading, etc. This flexibility gave the team a chance to do something different and something fun. “Just don’t over do it,” says Zeboor.
30 • 05.11 • Architectural SSL
www.architecturalssl.com
LED’s use elsewhere
Elegant simplicity A key element in the sale of the lobby concept to hotel management was the notion of color changing that would allow the hotel to change the mood of the space to match it to the variety of events that would be held there. Control operations, however, had to be simple and easy to execute. Zeboor chose Nicauldie’s iPhone-looking “Stick” system that allowed the staff to easily program multiple scenes with a laptop and operate it with the slide controls.
The Citadel Quasar LED chandeliers add elegance and energy efficiency to the project, which beat ASHRAE 2007 requirements by 8%. Michigan, at the time, only required projects to meet ASHRAE 1999.
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Beyond color and effect, LED lighting, of course, is being discussed at great length for general illumination. Some are quick to argue it’s the “greenest” light source, while others counter it’s too expensive and many conventional technologies do just as good a job. Zeboor falls somewhere in the middle. She’s using the technology outside of color effect, and like many things, notes designers simply have to do their homework, especially regarding discussion of LED and LEED. “You have to watch it carefully because for a lot of general lighting, the wattage, a lot of times, is almost the same as a lot of other conventional technologies,” says the engineer. At the same time, Zeboor’s encountered downlights she likes a lot (Lightolier, Gotham and Juno’s Aculux) that are not only dimmable, but can be competitively bid because of their similarities. That said, Zeboor insists on modularity or at least that major components can be replaced. She also insists on a 5-year warranty and that a product sample is sent. “We table top everything. I can’t emphasize enough how important it is to do mock ups.” Cost is still a barrier, but it depends on the owner’s goals. Maintenance is a major issue, and in cases such as the Amway, switching to a long life LED is often worth the initial expense. Somewhat ironically, Zeboor likes to use LED downlights where she wants a softer, warmer look. Granted, these are also for scenarios where long life is a premium, but where she wants a small aperture, Zeboor says LEDs are the way to go. “There are some nice ones out there,” says Zeboor. “It’s only when you try to get that Holy Grail of a high-output package with a low cost, where you run into the LEDs that have that more bluish color.”•
Architectural SSL • 05.11 • 31
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SSLprofile: LEDS ADD SOFT Glow TO THE WALLS OF Lincoln center’s ALICE TULLY HALL Alice Tully Hall Lincoln Center, New York
By Ellen Lampert-Gréaux, contributing writer
An icon of New York City’s cultural scene, Lincoln Center’s Alice Tully Hall recently received a $150-million facelift, featuring elegant design by architects Diller Scofidio + Renfro in conjunction with FXFOWLE. Illuminated with LEDs by L’Observatoire, a New York City-based architectural lighting firm, the interior of the hall has handsome wooden walls that simply glow.
In order to carry the design of the stage out
into the audience for a unified look within the hall, the architects specified a shell of beautifully textured Moabi—African pear wood—that curves gently, with veneers thin enough to allow light to come through. “This was a very challenging project from a technical point of view,” explained Hervé Descottes, founder and principal at L’Observatoire, who notes that the idea for the glowing wood walls came from architect Liz Diller. “We were working with experimental concepts yet within the boundaries of code and wattage per sq. ft. We strove to find the right balance between the light washing the walls and the light emanating from behind the wood.”
Mounted in a shallow cavity behind the
panels, linear Philips Color Kinetics ColorCast 14 fixtures are used for the long throws in the walls that wrap the stage, while smaller iColorCove MX Powercore fixtures are used for shorter throw areas from within the cavity of balcony fascia. Originally, the team started with the idea
top: Described as a cocoon of light, the sometimes glowing Moabi walls of the theater, according to its
of using PAR30s to light the cavity, but Descottes
lighting designer, is a beautiful way for theater patrons to disconnect from the outside world bottom: A key challenge in placing the fixtures in the cavity behind the elegant veneer was to avoid creating shadows of the fixtures as well as the support for the walls.
said it generated too much heat. They then
Images: Philips Color Kinetics
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moved to an LED solution, and although it was initially more expensive, the source provided the effect they were after. “We started working on this project in 2004, and by the time Alice Tully
Architectural SSL • 05.11 • 33
SSLprofile:
Alice Tully Hall renovation, New York
The Challenge: Find a lighting solution that would complement a new exotic wood and resin shell installed in Alice Tully Hall as part of a $150-million renovation of the Big Apple cultural icon. The system not only would have to bring out the reds of the wood and resin, but also avoid shadows. The cavity between the shell and the wall was also a very tight space. The solution: With several mock ups, Lighting designers L’Observatoire turned to SSL sources in order to achieve both long and short throws required to illuminate the cavity. Furthermore, the LED sources didn’t generate the heat of halogens, but were able to bring out the desired red colors.
Hall was completed in 2009, LED had evolved and we had new possibilities,” said Descottes.
One of the biggest challenges for the light-
ing designers was the lack of space behind the walls. “We had to install the lighting and at the same time create as few shadows as possible,”
as the veneer. There was a lot more structure
Descottes added.
and less room than we expected, but the feasibil-
with Altman 3.5Q ellipsoidal spotlight and Par56
The goal was a uniform, seamless glowing
The walls are also grazed from the front
ity became clear once we saw the full-size wall. A
fixtures integrated into the architecture on
of the walls as the house lights dim and the walls
lot of changes were made along the way.”
catwalks above the ceiling, for a mix of light on
begin to shimmer.
the wood paneling. “Some is translucent and
stretch membrane to unify the cavity depth,
comes from behind, with the wall washing from
nical solution, the warm amber glow they emitted
floor to ceiling, behind the wall.
the front making it look like a 1-in.-thick timber
was always based on a halogen color tone. “When
wall,” explains Neches. “If the light in front dims
we originally dimmed the halogens in tests, they
L’Observatoire, worked out a lot of the details:
down and the light from behind comes up, there
brought a lot of red out in the wood and increased
“We modeled the wall in the computer so
is a moment you realize that the wall is glowing.”
the warmth of the room,” says Descottes.
we could work out a lot of the installation in
advance,” he says. “In some locations, but not all,
tional response to the interior lighting of the hall.
architects and the clients that the LEDs could
you can access the lights from behind the walls.
“It’s a very beautiful way to disconnect yourself
create the same warmth and quality of light.
In other places there are doors and panels called
from the outside world, and be enclosed in the
“For this type of project a mock up is essential.”
“gills,” for access hidden into the architecture.”
cocoon of a new world for what’s happening in the
Additional tests and trial and error revealed how
to find the right color, the right angle and right
the room with a series of dimming scenarios
theater.”•
diffuser for the LEDs.
and choreography of the light controlled by an
Electronic Theatre Controls Eos lighting console.
Although the LEDs provided the proper tech-
The team did a mock-up to convince the
Once the LED concept was approved, the
One addition was the installation of a
Jason Neches, project manager for
The lighting designers set the mood for
next step was a full-size mock-up of up one
“We wrote the cues for seven pre-programmed
section of the wall at 3 Form, the Salt Lake
scenes.” explains Neches, listing pre-show,
City-based company that provided the resin
intermission, post-show, concerts, and movies
layers in the walls. “It was very complicated,”
as among the options. “The color changes very
said Descottes. “When we built it, we realized the
softly with ambers and reds. You feel it without
complexity of the mounting of the LEDs as well
really seeing it.”
34 • 05.11 • Architectural SSL
Descottes finds that there is a strong emo-
Project Credits:
Project: Alice Tully Hall renovation Location: New York City Owner: Lincoln Center Architect: Diller Scofidio + Renfro Lighting Designer: L’Observatoire Key Manufacturers: Philips ColorKinetics; Electronic Theatre Controls: Eos
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Circle 15
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Circle 16
SSLprofile: Ain’t it grand: columbus, OHIO convention center Goes bold Battelle Grand Columbus, Ohio
By Jim Crockett, editorial director
Like a lot of buildings and spaces, Battelle Hall, a pre-existing component of the Greater Columbus Convention Center, needed a shot in the arm. Originally opened in 1980, the hall has served as a venue for convention goers as well as live events from circus acts to Prince. But, like every good performer worth its salt, it couldn’t rely on its past to sustain its popularity. In renovating the hall, architect of record Karlsberger Architects was charged with significantly updating and enhancing the visual and functional aspects of the hall, part of the original Ohio Center, and the main connector to the north facility of the Peter Eisenman-designed 1993 convention center where most of the exhibit hall, meeting room and ballroom space are housed today. The renovation program, according to Karlsberger, would shift the hall to a new role as the “Battelle Grand” to accommodate special events, sporting venues and exhibit space. A three-story addition would be added to the existing connector to make it the new grand entrance to both the Battelle Grand and to the convention center proper. Furthermore, the space would be opened up to natural light by the inclusion of a major new window that looks to the city’s core, while inside, the old hall would receive a dramatic ceiling augmentation.
Of course, that was easier said than done.
“It was almost like a large, black box, but they forgot to even paint it black,” says John Dunn, a
above: Reminiscent of a school of tropical fish, select perforated panels are grazed from below with
principal with Horton Lees Brogden, the renova-
tricolored LEDs. According to lighting designer John Dunn, the dynamic color effects in the space are exactly the right media to convey the space’s versatility. “Color adds a certain psychology to a space. It’s a great tool in the right conditions, especially for creating a certain feeling when a person enters a space.”
tion’s lighting designer, regarding the concrete-
Images: Karlsberger Visualization
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laden space capped with unflattering mechanical equipment.
The goal was rejuvenation in the form of
something that would reflect the versatility of
Architectural SSL • 05.11 • 37
SSLprofile:
Battelle grand, Columbus, Ohio
The Challenge: Recreate a mundane exhibit hall, which included exposed mechanical systems, to become a focal point for special events. The solution: A series of perforated metal fins were suspended and integrated with color-changing LEDs to add a dynamic presence to the space and camouflage the unsightly HVAC and plumbing systems.
the facility, as well as reflect a more technologically in-tune venue. This required a careful integration of both the architectural and lighting teams, especially as the solution was not transparent. What was a known quantity was the fact the architects wanted an element of visual interest that could create a certain “rhythm” that could detract eyes from the unsightly ceiling. The ultimate solution certainly does that. Borrowing from the strong linear forms in Eisenman’s design, the architectural team’s “distracting” element took the form of suspended perforated metal “fins” that fill the ceiling like
one illuminated form for every three or four,”
quick-changing schools of fish. But what really
says Dunn.
creates the distraction is the incorporation of
LED illumination in key fins, in essence, creating
was the case that Dunn did not want the then-
schools of spectacularly colored tropical fish. In
standard red-green-blue diode configuration
fact, some 65,000 color-changing combinations
common at the time of the design about three
of LED accent luminaires from Insight Lighting
years ago. “It would just take too much time to
create the wavelike lines of light.
mix,” explained Dunn.
According to Dunn, discreet DMX control
An LED issue they did encounter, however,
Instead, he wanted RGB effect, but deliv-
of each fin panel allows for almost limitless pos-
ered in a single LED or array. They found such
sibilities of static and kinetic scenes appropriate
a tri-colored solution from Insight Lighting. In
for the wide variety of uses in the ballroom.
turn the fixtures were mounted in a channel at
the bottom of the fins that would allow a tight
Pursuing LED technology was never in
doubt, not only for color changing, but in order
distribution pattern that would allow HLB to
to integrate lighting into the narrow metal ele-
graze the fins from below.
ments. At the same time the designers were sen-
sitive to budget issues. “Cost was not a barrier to
much attention on the mechanical systems they
using the technology—both the architect and the
wished to camouflage, the team painted the ceil-
owner were excited about the idea,” says Dunn.
ing a dark blue, which Dunn says not only hid the
“It wasn’t whether we could do it with LEDs, it
ceiling, it also created a whole new effect when
was how much can we do?”
warm lights are in play.
The solution, via a series of mock ups and
To downplay the grazing effect drawing too
Part of the project also included opening up
above: Horse of a different color... Quite a different
experiments, was not to integrate every fin. “In
a wall to create a view in from outside, especially
some cases we might have two forms, one with
from the nearby freeway. “This way the space
before-and-after. Beyond the dramatic lighting, a wall was also opened to let in natural light. Photos: Greater Columbus
lights and one without. In others, maybe only
now connects to the city.”•
Convention Center/Karlsberger
38 • 05.11 • Architectural SSL
www.architecturalssl.com
Circle 17
the White pages
By Kevin Willmorth, contributing writer
Making Valid Product Comparisons Technologies of similar character should be evaluated In a recent exchange between the DOE, Pacific Northwest National
eliminate the lamp variable by using identical light or lumen sources
Laboratory and RLP regarding the publication of ‘Streetlights for
to compare the optical systems objectively in isolation.
Collector Roads’ (NLPIP, 2010), the question of objectivity was raised in regard to DOE's mandate under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 to
Photometry Procedures and Sources
specifically promote solid-state lighting in an effort to reduce energy
When product data is collected using diverse test procedures, the
use in lighting. Similar concerns could be raised over the objectivity
results of a comparison become highly suspect. For example, building
of CALiPER which evaluates commercially available SSL products
a comparison based on measurements from a project site for one prod-
against manufacturer claims. Certainly, both of these efforts are of
uct, relative photometry for an alternative HID product and absolute
significant value to lighting decision makers. There is also no reason
photometry from an LED product, using lighting calculation software
to believe that DOE or its contractors are engaged in publishing
to generate simulated results for the latter two. These types of study
purposefully misleading results. However, one can still question the
are of limited utility. There is simply no way to eliminate all of the
purely scientific value of any study that by design always includes one
potential variables involved to produce a valid comparison. The most
technology, with no equitable effort to objectively compare results to
accurate procedure for this type of comparison may be a side-by-side
alternatives. This does not invalidate anything the DOE has accom-
field test of all three products. If this is not available, a substitute prod-
plished. Yet, for decision making, it does require an understanding of
uct photometric file delivering similar performance to the existing sys-
what the parameters of the studies are and what basis any conclu-
tem could be used in the simulation software. Further, any comparison
sions are founded on.
of products using relative-to-absolute photometry will produce irregu-
larities that cannot be accounted for with the photometric provided.
For lighting decision makers attempting to evaluate technologies
without predisposition to one technology—in any effort to find the
For this reason, without actual field mock up, or re-testing all products
best fit for an application—there are primary considerations in making
using identical procedures, it is prudent to assume that differences as
purely objective comparisons. The following is a simple outline of key
great as +/- 15% constitute relative equality between two products.
components of valid comparisons:
Information Source Diversity and Reliability Equal End Results
Using data provided from several sources, collected under unknown
Ensure that target illuminance values are as near to identical as pos-
circumstances, over any difference in time will produce potentially
sible between two comparisons. If it is determined that an existing
large deviations in final results. Manufacturer data compared to
200W HID lighting system is providing more than needed illumination,
independent lab tests, compared with objective studies cannot be reli-
comparing a replacement LED product using 135 watts that delivers
ably compared to one another. The greater the number of unknown
half the light is invalid—unless the only goal is to justify a replacement
potential variables in samples tested, and procedures incorporated,
using LEDs. However, if the intent is to determine the most cost-
the greater the potential error in final results. The best approach is to
effective solution, alternative system delivering 50% of the existing
include test results of similar character and sourcing as possible.
systems result is also called for.
All comparisons result in some degree of error. There is no such
thing as absolutes unless the actual products being considered are
Color and Optical Equality
in hand and tested simultaneously under identical conditions. Even
Comparing lighting systems that deliver significantly different CCTs,
then variations in manufacturing will produce some deviation in final
CRIs, and/or optical distributions to one another creates a wide range
application that cannot be captured. This means that when a study
of non-sequitur results. Theories that an HPS system generating
shows two systems within a few percentage points of one another, all
20fc delivers less visibility than a white light source producing 15Fc,
other factors being equal, they are essentially identical.
without objective quantitative support has no place in objective study.
Further, when the products being compared have decidedly different
data, information from unknown sources, and obviously biased
photometric distributions, comparisons between them may be objec-
comparisons. Of equal importance is to use products of significantly
tively impossible. In both cases, objective data should be presented
similar or identical character and performance. Finally, include some
without use of subjective argument to rationalize a difference in
consideration of the reality that the further one deviates from these
objective results. If the intent is to compare two optical approaches,
first two principals, the greater the potential degree of error will be.•
40 • 05.11 • Architectural SSL
The best approach begins with eliminating all potentially biased
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ADVANCES
Product Introductions
Three Ring Circus LED ring lights from Crystal Fountains combine lights and water into one component to create an intense focus on the water’s illumination. 30 watts can illuminate a 40 ft. jet of water to its maximum height. Shown here, Aquatic Design & Engineering, with the support of Crystal, has created one of the world’s largest and most spectacular customized water features at the Yas Island Welcome Pavilion in Abu Dhabi. Thousands of LED lights and nozzles—2,100 Crystal LED lights, 750 nozzles and 91 custom Crystal ChoreoSwitches—were installed in geometric patterns. Visit www.crystalfountains.com or Circle 306.
“Color adds a certain psychology; it’s a great tool in the right conditions, especially for creating a certain feeling when a person enters a space.”
1 Trimless The Indy Multi-Head LED Designer Cove and LED Multi-Spot Luminaires from Juno provide the operational efficiencies of LED illumination producing up to 1,000 lumens of consistent, bright-white light with only 22-watts. Both luminaires are dimmable. Visit www.junolightinggroup.com or Circle 305.
2 Domo Arigato Robo cylindrical LED rail fixture from Nora Lighting is effective as a directional light source for illuminating artwork, wall displays or merchandise. It measures just 2 3/8-in. in diameter x 3 ½-in. long and can be rotated 345º. The driver and diode casting also pivot 180º, independently of each other. Visit www. noralighting.com or Circle 304.
3 Street Cred Streetlamp KiaroLED from EYE Lighting International features an optical design to control backlight, uplight and glare, while patent-pending color-correcting optics improve uniformity and reduces color shift. The company claims its architectural street lamp delivers more light at a lower wattage for better visibility with fewer poles. Visit www.eyelighting.com or Circle 303.
42 • 05.11 • Architectural SSL
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the future is ours to design.
“If the most widely used lighting products in the U.S. were all converted to the highest efficiency LEDs, the energy savings would be equivalent to taking 8.5 million homes off the grid.”
NEW ENERGY STANDARDS ARE COMING, and they’re coming fast. The energy efficiencies associated with LED and solid-state lighting are providing new potential for the general illumination market. Are you prepared to tap into this potential? Are you prepared to sell owners on the value of this technology—both globally and on an ROI basis? The ArchLED’11 Expo will dig deep and offer the most comprehensive coverage to date of LED technology and issues surrounding it’s application. Hear from the industry’s top minds on the critical issues and bring back key information to enhance your use of solid-state technology. Prepare for LEDs.
the time is now. plan to attend
ArchLED is presented by Architectural SSL
NOVEMBER 9-10, 2011 • CHICAGO
go to: www.architecturalssl/archled
ADVANCES
Product Introductions
The Great Flood Hubbell Outdoor Lighting’s Architectural Floodlight meets a variety of landscape and exterior architectural lighting needs. The floodlight’s low-profile is designed for small sign, façade and landscape accents; it features a wide uniform beam and rugged, weatherproof, design and can be tucked discretely out of view. It offers a 5,000K color, high CRI LEDs and it is UL1598 listed for use in wet locations. Visit www.hubbelloutdoor. com or Circle 302.
“Not only was LED integrated into
the design, it helped fulfill the team’s wishes of constructing a net-zero energy structure.”
1 No Heat Sync Solais Lighting’s product line of light-weight LED lamps are sized and shaped to replace PAR30 and PAR38 lamps. Shown is the LR30 style that utilizes the firm’s Luxiance technology for its combined active cooling and advanced power supply design. Visit www.solais.com or Circle 301.
2 Wall Washers A fixed adjustable downlight from Lucifer Lighting features trim profiles under 4-in. and aperture sizes from 1.75 to 2.15 in. Available in true 2700K, 3000K and 4000K color temperatures, the LEDs keep a color consistency within 2 MacAdams. A designer-friendly range of finishes are available. Visit www.luciferlighting.com or Circle 300.
3 Efficient Emitter To meet the demands of space-constrained retrofit bulbs, Philips Lumileds has developed a highvoltage emitter, the LUXEON H. The new emitters are driven directly with rectified AC voltage rather than constant DC current. This high voltage architecture maximizes space for additional thermal management. Visit www.philipslumileds.com or Circle 299.
44 • 05.11 • Architectural SSL
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Product Introductions
ADVANCES
Disco Inferno Considerably more elegant than the days of disco are light tiles from LightWild. The ingrade SSL product delivers unique white and color-changing light option in a variety of materials, including concrete, pavers, hardwood flooring, and ceramic tiles indoors or out. They are UL 2108 and 1838 wet listed for installation and illumination of patios, lobbies, sidewalks, pathways and landscaping. They use surface mounted LEDs in concert with clearer lenses for a brighter, cleaner, smoother quality of light in a variety of shapes and sizes. Visit www. lightwild.com or Circle 298.
“Choosing to go the color route in a space is really dependant on what the owner and interior designer or architect want to do.”
4 Light Pad Like the iPad second generation, the Red Dot Award-winning QPad fixture from Hera Lighting offers a shallow surface-mounted spotlight with an extremely high light output. It uses 7.5W and has a 30,000-hr. lamp life. Available in cool or warm white, it is dimmable with optional accessories. Visit www.heralighting.com or Circle 297.
5 City Slicker Cubo from Cerno is a hybrid reading lamp and wall sconce. The unique multifunctional design features a dynamic arm with four different pivot points, which facilitates articulating the light in countless different positions. A smooth energy-saving dimming system as well as a flush wall mounting plate are included. Visit www.cernogroup.com or Circle 296.
6 Light Where You Want It ARA tulip-shaped outdoor luminaires from Sentry use a contoured LED reflector system from Philips to deliver directed light distribution. Accurately controlled light is ideal for street lighting, area lighting, and architectural applications. Visit www. sentrylighting.com or Circle 295.
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Architectural SSL • 05.11 • 45
Ad Index
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∆§BSiT§
AAL (Architectural Area Lighting)
www.aal.net www.acuitybrands.com www.alanod.com www.architecturalssl.com/archled www.betaled.com www.creeledrevolution.com www.finelite.com www.iald.org www.illumitex.com www.kimlighting.com www.ledengin.com www.ledalite.com www.ledtronics.com www.lightsearch.com www.philipslumileds.com www.phihong.com/LED www.rabled.com www.sternberglighting.com www.nevalo.com/future1 www.thecontinuingarchitect.com www.tivolilighting.com www.ul.com/shine www.waclighting.com
acuity brands alanod archled’11 Beta Lighting cree finelite IALD illumitex Kim Lighting led engin ledalite / philips Ledtronics lightsearch lumileds / philips phihong RAB lighting Sternberg Vintage Lighting TE connectivity / nevalo the continuing architect tivoli lighting UL wac lighting
editorial preview:
CREE LR6-DR1000 LED DOWNLIGHT • Award-winning downlight easily installs into existing 6” or H6-GU24 6” Architectural Housings • Uses only 12.5 Watts of energy • Powered by Cree TrueWhite® Technology for a CRI of 90 @ 2700K or 3500K • Dimmable to 20%
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IFC 10 IBC 43 39 36, 46 01 47 04 BC 14 12 15 47 32 27 09 13 35 41 08 21 06
Corrections: In the special spring annual, which featured the debut of the Architectural SSL Product Innovation Awards, two major errors were published. First, the gold and silver winners in the architectural/flood lighting category were transposed on p. 26. In other words, Lumenpulse’s Lumenbeam was the gold winner, and Traxon’s Wall Washer Shield AC XB was the silver winner. Also, incorrect data points were included in the text for Selux’s Discera 4 LED, the platinum winner of the street/area lighting category. Specifically, the luminous efficacy published, 100 lm./per watt, is not the case. That data point is still being finalized and is more along the lines of 80 to 90 lm./watt. Elsewhere, the company names of Finelite (p. 21), winner of our task light category, and Dialight (p. 22), winner of the high bay category, were misspelled. We regret the errors. A corrected pdf version of the story is available in the SSL Interactive section of architecturalssl.com.
questions? comments? We would love to hear from you about the features included in this installment and we welcome your comments or suggestions. Email your thoughts to: jimc@architecturalssl.com
Circle 18 CR3507 ASSL 05/11 DR-1000 Product Ad AF 1
IN THE AUGUST ISSUE: We’ll take a look at SSL’s role in healthcare facilities, including Phoenix Children’s Hospital by HKS (below). Beyond use of color from an aesthetic aspect, we’ll also explore how the use of color, as well as color-tuned white light, is being studied to address actual health issues. Elsewhere, we’ll take a look at Scarpetta, a stylish restaurant in Toronto that effectively uses SSL in both color and white light applications. We’ll also debut a new column from Underwriter’s Laboratory, which will discuss the role and development of UL 1598, which addresses retrofit products and applications.
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It works the way you think
SSL_4_2007_Ver1.indd 1
4/16/07 9:25:12 PM
SSLObserved:
By Kevin Willmorth
No Parachute Required, Safe Landing Uncertain without focus, there is no refinement. Bringing
are an interesting lot in their ability to think
even the best idea to market before it matures
out of the box to create something completely
is like feeding sour grape juice to wine crit-
new then build a neat box around themselves,
ics, reputations are wrecked, people lose their
which traps them from further development.
lunches, it’s just not pretty.
For example, the Wright brothers had priority
on aviation as one of the first to demonstrate
ucts in the market, is that the people that offer
effective heavier-than-air flight. This required
them do not generally put their lives at risk.
a great deal of new thinking—and a lot of
Bad airplane designs create a terminal end to a
peripheral innovation—from materials used, to
thought process by putting an end to the thinker.
fabrication of the lightweight engines needed.
Even in the event a bad design sneaks through,
They protected their position as aggressively as
the first rule of marketing is that only living
Edison did, suing anyone who dared come near
customers become repeat customers. In this, a
them. Yet, they failed to embrace the mono-
bad product is just one or two degrees separated
Pursuing the leading edge in solid-state light-
plane, claiming it was inferior to the biplane, and
from market termination. Lighting doesn’t work
ing is a relatively safe endeavor. Unlike the
unsafe. Even as racers beat them in competition,
this way. Producers of bad products not only
early innovators of flying machines, failure of
they stuck to their guns. This same behavior
experience no physical harm, they are encour-
solid-state products have never caused anyone
was evident in Henry Ford and others, leaving
aged by any sale at all to invest more in their
to crash to earth in a ball of flame. In the book
innovation to move in steps, on the backs of
effort. Through myopia and human capacity to
“Chasing Icarus” [G. Mortimer, Walker & Co., New
successive inventors. With few notable excep-
mix fantasy with reality, and the magic of social
York, 2009], early aviation is caught at a turning
tions, over-commitment to personal innovation
networking, many really awful products experi-
point encapsulated by 17 days in October 1910.
has ended the careers of many innovators as
ence a strange longevity. This would not be the
This fascinating account captures balloonists fly-
certainly as smashing to earth in a wooden plane
case in aviation of 1910. No matter how optimis-
ing lost to the wilderness to set distance records,
powered by a cast-iron engine.
tic and well liked one might be, funerals tend to
pilots flying to frostbite to set altitude records,
put an end to revenue streams.
and aviators crashing to the ground in air races
ior. There are over-commitments everywhere,
with planes made from wood and cloth. This
including substrate technologies, phosphor tech-
is very small when flying high in the ether of
was a time when flying an airplane was more
nologies, package device configurations, electri-
solid-state lighting innovation, that does not
hazardous than riding a bicycle naked down the
cal characteristics, electronics approaches, and
mean there are no risks in navigating the market
center of a Chicago tollway during a good first
assumptions of lighting fixture optics and physi-
space. Succeeding here seems to be flying just
season snow. It took almost 50 years for the auto
cal arrangements. The issue seems to be one of
high enough to draw in customers, swoop in on
industry to create a competitive class of racing—
finding the right time to stop innovating in order
them before someone else jumps, thrill them
Grand Prix racing in 1958—to challenge the fatal-
to generate production quantities of product to
with a few great loops and try to keep it all mov-
ity rate of early aviation. Relative to these brave
realize revenue reward. Move from lab to market
ing without walling oneself into a myopic box,
activities, we lighting folk are a pretty wimpy
too early, you die. Bankrupt yourself in the lab
while focusing on the necessary details. If this
lot. In solid-state, the greatest risk to human
before you get to market, dead. Spend too much
isn’t a trick worthy of a barn-storming daredevil,
life is bad diet from long working hours, blind-
time in the lab, allowing others to gain a foothold
ness from endless power-point presentations,
ahead of you, splat.
I don’t know what is.•
or insanity from reading spec sheets filled with
other-worldly claims.
focus on—selective myopia—is viable in the first
place. Picking the wrong idea to chase is the sur-
All risks of personal inflammability aside,
there are some interesting parallels between
48 • 05.11 • Architectural SSL
In solid-state lighting we see similar behav-
This all assumes the idea one selects to
est way to auger ones future into the turf. Yet,
One reason we see so many bad SSL prod-
So, while the risk of personal catastrophe
about the author:
Kevin Willmorth, a lighting expert and fixture designer, has been instrumental in helping create a vision and mission statement for Architectural SSL.
www.architecturalssl.com
Illustrations: Brockhaus Lexikon / Enzyklopädie
Launching new SSL products is not as dangerous as the risks taken by those magnificent men and their flying machines, but overcommitment to personal innovation at the expense of getting product to market can end a career as certainly as smashing to the earth in an experimental aircraft.
early aviation and SSL development. Innovators
= + fixtures wORk better.
Project 1
24.08.2010
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